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國(guó)家公共英語(yǔ)(三級(jí))筆試模擬試卷4

(共9套)

(共433題)

國(guó)家公共英語(yǔ)(三級(jí))筆試模擬試卷第

1套

一、聽(tīng)力長(zhǎng)對(duì)話(huà)(含3小題)(本題共3題,每題1.0

分,共3分。)

WhydoesthegirldislikeAmericanTVprograms?

1、WhydoesthegirldislikeAmericanTVprograms?

A、Itisnotsointeresting.

B>Itisfullofviolence.

C>ShedoesnothaveenoughtimetowatchTV.

D、Itisfullofnewsandads.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:暫無(wú)解析

2、Fromthedialogue,whatdowcknowabouttheAmericannewspaper?

A、Mostofthenewsseemstobeaboutcrime.

B、Therearetoomanypiecesofsadnewseveryday.

C、TheyarenotsointerestingasTVprograms.

D、TherearealotofstoriesabouttheOldWest.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:暫無(wú)解析

3、WhatdothespeakersthinkoftheshowsabouttheOldWest?

A^Theythinkthemtrue.

B、Theydon'tlikethem.

C、TheyusuallywatchthemonSaturdaynights.

D^Theythinktheyareveryexciting.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:暫無(wú)解析

二、常規(guī)閱讀理解(本題共5題,每題1.0分,共5

分。)

Thebiographerhastodancebetweentwoshakypositionswithrespecttothesubject]研

究對(duì)象).Toclosearelation,andthewritermayloseobjectivity.Notcloseenough,and

thewritermaylackthesympathynecessarytoanyefforttoportrayamind,asoul——the

qualityoflife.Whoshouldwritethebiographyofafamily,fbrexample.Becauseoftheir

closenesstothesubject,familymembersmayhavespecialinformation,butbythesame

token,theymaynothavethedistancethatwouldallowthemtobefair.Similary,aking*s

servantmightnotbethebestonetowriteabiographyofthatking.Butaforeignermight

nothavetheknowledgeandsympathynecessarytowritetheking'sbiography-notfora

readershipfromwithinthekingdom,atanyrate.Thereisnoidealpositionforsucha

task.Thebiographerhastoworkwiththepositionheorshehasintheworld,adjusting

thatpositionasnecessarytodealwiththesubject.Everypositionhasstrengthsand

weaknesses:tothrive,awritermusttrytobecomeawareofthese,evaluatetheminterms

ofthesubject,andselectapositionaccoidingly.Whentheirsubjeclsareheioesor

famousfigures,biographiesoftenrevealademocraticmolive:theyattempttoshowthat

theirsubjectsareonlyhuman,nobetterthananyoneelse.Otherbiographiesaremeantto

changeus,toinviteus,tobecomebetterthanweare.ThebiographiesofJesus(耶

穌)foundintheBibleareinthisclass.Biographersmayclaimthattheiraccountisthe

"authentic"one.Inadvancingthisclaim,theyarehelpedifthebiographyis

"authorized"bythesubject;thispresumablyallowsthebiographerspecialaccessto

privateinformation.,,Unauthorized"biographiesalsohavetheirappeal,however,since

theycansuggestanindependenceofmindinthebiographer.Inbookpromotions,

thc,'unauthorizcd"characterisationusuallysuggeststheprospectofjuicygossipthatthe

subjecthadhopedtosuppress.Asubjectmighthaveseveralbiographies,evensev-

eral"authenticnones.Wesenseintuitivelythatnooneisinapositiontotellthestoryofa

life,perhapsnoteventhesubject,andthishasbeenprovedbythehistoryofbiography.

4、Accordingtotheauthor,anidealbiographerwouldbeonewho.

A、knowsthesubjectverywellandyetmaintainsaproperdistancefromhim

B、isclosetothesubjectandknowsthetechniquesofbiographywriting

C^isindependentandtreatsthesubjectwithfairnessandobjectivity

D、possessesspecialprivateinformationandissympathetictowardthesubject

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:依據(jù)文章第一段,如果傳記作家與研究對(duì)象(subject)的關(guān)系太近就會(huì)

在其傳記作品中失去客觀性;如果傳記作家與其研究對(duì)象關(guān)系疏遠(yuǎn),他的作品就不

能深刻反映研究對(duì)象的精神世界。由此可見(jiàn),最理想的傳記作家是那些既了解研

究:對(duì)象又同時(shí)與他保守適當(dāng)距離的人。選擇項(xiàng)[A]符合文章內(nèi)容。

5、TheauthorcitesthebiographiesofJesusintheBibleinordertoshowthat.

A、thebestbiographiesaremeanttotransformtheirreaders

B、biographiesareauthenticaccountsoftheirsubjects,lives

C>thebestbiographiesarethoseofheroesandfamousfigures

D、biographiescanservedifferentpurposes

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:在文章第三段中,作者指出如果傳記有關(guān)于英雄人物或偉大人物的,

那么它的目的在于告訴讀者這些英雄或偉人也是普普通通的人,而另外一些傳記的

目的是為了改造人,使人們變得更好。因此,不同的傳記具有不同的目的。選擇項(xiàng)

ID]符合文章內(nèi)容。作者并未認(rèn)為最有意改造讀者的就是最好的傳記,因此選擇項(xiàng)

[A]錯(cuò)。選擇項(xiàng)[B]與本題題意不符。選擇項(xiàng)[C]錯(cuò),理由同選擇項(xiàng)[A]。

6、Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue,accordingtothepassage?

A、Anauthenticbiographyseldomappealstoitsreaders.

B、Anauthenticbiographyisoneauthorizedbythesubject.

C^Noonecanwriteaperfectbiography.

D、Authorizedbiographieshaveawiderreadership.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:C,

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析?:依據(jù)文章最后一句我們知道,作者認(rèn)為傳記難寫(xiě),即使研究對(duì)象自己

也很難“講出”自己的故事,歷史己經(jīng)證明了這一點(diǎn),選擇項(xiàng)[C]符合文章內(nèi)容,選

擇項(xiàng)[A]、[B]、[D]與文章的內(nèi)容要矛盾或不相符。

7^Anunauthorisedbiographyislikelytoattractmorereadersbecause.

A、itportraysthesubjectbothfaithfullyandvividly

B、itcontainsinterestinginformationaboutthesubject'sprivatelife

C>itrevealsalotofaccuratedetailsunknowntooutsiders

D、itusuallygivesasympatheticdescriptionofthesubject'scharacter

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:依據(jù)文章第四段第二句、第三句“,Unauthori7cd'biographie*alsohave

theirappeal","Inbookpromotions,the'Unauthorized'characterisationusuallysuggests

theprospectofjuicygossipthatthesubjecthadhopedtosuppress",既然未經(jīng)授權(quán)的傳

記中往往包括研究對(duì)象一直想遮掩的一些“有汁水”的內(nèi)容,那么就一定會(huì)更讓讀者

感興趣。選擇項(xiàng)|B]符合文章內(nèi)容。選擇項(xiàng)[C]表達(dá)不準(zhǔn)確。既然是“juicygossip”就

肯定不會(huì)"accurate",選擇項(xiàng)[A]、[D]均不符合文章內(nèi)容。

8、Inthispassage,theauthorfocuseson.

A、thedifficultyofabiographerinfindingtheproperperspectivetodohisjob

thesecretofabiographertowinmorereaders

C、thetechniquesrequiredofabiographertowriteagoodbiography.

D、thecharacteristicsofdifferentkindsofbiographies

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:作者在文章的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾處都說(shuō)明了寫(xiě)傳記是一件很難的事。選擇項(xiàng)

IA]符合文章內(nèi)容。

三、小作文(本題共1題,每題7.0分,共7分。)

9、Mr.MacDougalhasbeenelectedPresidentoftheScotland-ChinaAssociation.On

behalfofChinesePeople'sAssociationforFriendshipwithForeignCountriesandinyour

ownnameexpressyourcongratulations.YournameisChenHaitao.About100words.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:DearMr.Macdougal,Iwasveryhappytohearthatyouhavebeenelected

PresidentoftheScotland—ChinaAssociationforFriendshipwithForeignCountriesand

inmyownname,toexpressmywarmestcongratulations.Ihopethatduringyourtenure

ofofficetherelationsoffriendshipandcooperationthatalreadyexistbetweenourtwo

organizationswillbefurtherdeveloped.Letusjoinoureffortstomakegreater

contributionstothepromotionofmutualunderstandingandfriendshipbetweenthe

peopleofChinaandScotland.Withbestwishes.SincerelyyoursChenHaitao

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:暫無(wú)解析

國(guó)家公共英語(yǔ)(三級(jí))筆試模擬試卷第

2套

一、聽(tīng)力長(zhǎng)對(duì)話(huà)(含4小題)(本題共4題,每題7.0

分,共4分。)

Whoisthespeaker?

1、Whoisthespeaker?

A、Atelevisionannouncer.

B、Amemberofaresearchteam.

C、Ateacher.

D、Anetworkexecutive.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:暫無(wú)解析

2、Whatisthemainpurposeofthetelevision?

A、TopresentinformationaboutseveralHawaiianvolcanoes.

Toexplainaresearchprojectaboutanunderwatervolcano.

C、Todemonstratethelatestuseofunderwatercables.

D、TodiscussastudyofoceanlifenearunderwaterVolcamoes.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:暫無(wú)解析

3、Howwillinformationgetfromtheobservatorytothemainland?

A、Geologistswillbringitback.

B、Itwillbesentbackbycable.

C、Itwillbesentbymail.

D、Itwillbesentbackthroughseismometers(地震儀)

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:暫無(wú)解析

4、Whydoesthespeakerrecommendwatchingtheprogram?

A、Becauseitisrelatedtoworkbeingdoneinclass.

B、Becauseshehelpedproduceit.

C、Becausesheisexcitedaboutit.

D、Becauseitisapublictelevisionbroadcast.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:暫無(wú)解析

二、完型填空(本題共20題,每題1.0分,共20分。)

StandardEnglishisthevarietyofEnglishwhichisusuallyusedinprintandwhichis

normallytaughtinschoolsandtonon-nativespeakersleaningthelanguage.Itisalsothe

varietywhichisnormally26byeducatedpeopleandusedinnewsbroadcastsandother

27situations.Thedifferencebetweenstandardandnonstandard,itshouldbenoted,has

28inprincipletodowithdifferencesbetweenformalandcolloquial29;standardEnglish

hascolloquialaswellasformalvariants.30,thestandardvarietyofEnglishisbasedon

theLondon31ofEnglishthatdevelopedaftertheNormanConquestresultedinthe

removaloftheCourtfromWinchestertoLondon.Thisdialectbecametheone32bythe

educated,anditwasdevelopedandpromoted33amodel,ornorm,forwiderandwider

segmentsofsociety.Itwasalsothe34thatwascarriedoverseas,butnotoneunaffected

bysuchexport.Today,35Eng-lishisarrangedtotheextentthatthegrammarand

vocabularyofEnglishare36thesameeverywhereintheworldwhereEnglishisused;37

amonglocalstandardsisreallyquiteminor,38theSingapore,SouthAfrica,andIrish

varietiesarereallyvery39differ-entfromoneanothersofarasgrammarandvocabulary

are40.Indeed,StandardEnglishissopowerfulthatitexertsatremendous41onalllocal

varieties,totheextentthatmanyoflong-establisheddialectsofEnglandhave42muchof

theirvigor(活力)andthereisconsiderablepressureonthemtobe43Thislattersituation

isnotunique44English:itisalsotrueinothercountrieswhereprocessesof

standardizationare45Butitsometimescreatesproblemsforspeakerswhotrytostrike

somekindofcompromisebetweenlocalnormsandnational,evensupranational(跨國(guó)

的)ones.

5、

A、said

B、told

C、talked

D、spoken

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:此題屬于語(yǔ)義搭配題。speak意為“說(shuō)話(huà)”,著重開(kāi)口發(fā)聲,不著重所

說(shuō)的內(nèi)容,一般為不及物動(dòng)詞,在作為及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),賓語(yǔ)只能是語(yǔ)言(如Chinese/

English)、真話(huà)(irulh)等少數(shù)的詞,不能接ihal引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句,例如:Ihave

heardhimspeakofyou.原句出現(xiàn)的賓語(yǔ)English說(shuō)明,此處選項(xiàng)[D]spoken正確。

選項(xiàng)[A]say意為“說(shuō)出,說(shuō)道“,著重所說(shuō)的話(huà),用直接引語(yǔ)時(shí)只能用say,例如:

(l)Hesaidlittlethatwedidn*tknowyet.(2)Hesaid,i4ldon'tknowwhathappened."

選項(xiàng)[B]teH意為“告訴”,兼有囑托,命令之意,除了較少的情況,intellthetruth/

alie之外,一般后面接雙賓語(yǔ),tellsb.sth./todosth.或tellsb.aboutsth.例

如:Shetoldmetowaitforher.選項(xiàng)[C]la1k與speak意思相近,一般也用作不及物

動(dòng)詞:用作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),賓語(yǔ)只能是某國(guó)語(yǔ)言,nonsense等詞,但talk含有“話(huà)是

對(duì)某人說(shuō)的“意思,有較強(qiáng)的對(duì)答、討論意味,例如:Hewentontalkingforalong

time,buthespokesofastthatfewofuscouldcatchwhathesaid.

6、

A^same

B、similar

C^equal

D、identical

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:此題屬于語(yǔ)義搭配題。similar意為“類(lèi)似的,想像的,不是同一的”,

例如:Thetwohousesareverysimilarin叩pcarance.原句談及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)使用的情況

或場(chǎng)合,由other一詞可知這種場(chǎng)合不是與newsbroadcasts一樣的場(chǎng)合,而是相似

的場(chǎng)合,故選項(xiàng)[B]simi】ar正確,選項(xiàng)[A]same意為“相同的,指同一的“,例如:

Thesamemistakeoccursthreetimesintheparagraph.在這一段中同樣的錯(cuò)誤出現(xiàn)T

三次。選項(xiàng)[Qequal意為"(指事物在數(shù)量?jī)r(jià)值方面)相等的,平等的,勝任的”,例

如:(l)Wcdividedthecakeintothreeequalparts.(2)Hewasequaltotheoccasion.他

能應(yīng)付這場(chǎng)面。選項(xiàng)[D]idcntical意為“同一的,完全相同的”,例如;(l)It'sthc

identicalcoatwhichwasstolenfromme.(2)Thetestsareidenticaltothosecarriedout

lastyear.全句可譯為:它通常指用于印刷品的書(shū)面英語(yǔ),在學(xué)校里所教授的英

語(yǔ)。它也指那些受過(guò)教育的人所使用的英語(yǔ)。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)也常常用于新聞廣播或其他

類(lèi)似的場(chǎng)合。

7、

A、anything

B、something

C、nothing

D、everything

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:此題屬于詞語(yǔ)搭配題。havesth./nothingtodowith意為“與...有

(無(wú))關(guān)”,例如:Ithadnothingtodowiththecommittee'sdecision.根據(jù)原文的意

思,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)與非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)的差別是否與正式語(yǔ)言和口頭語(yǔ)言的差別有關(guān),由下

文,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)既有正式語(yǔ)言也有口語(yǔ),因此,從原則上來(lái)說(shuō),二者沒(méi)有關(guān)系,故選

項(xiàng)[C]nothing正確。其他選項(xiàng):[A]anything,[B]something和[D]everything均與句

意不符。

8、

A、language

B、vocabulary

C、idioms

D、words

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:本題屬于語(yǔ)義搭配題。language意為“語(yǔ)言”,此處缺一個(gè)名詞。下面

解釋的句子中用到了variants一詞,只有l(wèi)anguage一詞與之范圍相當(dāng)。故選項(xiàng)

[A]language正確。其他選項(xiàng):[B]vocabulary(詞匯);[C]idioms(成語(yǔ));[D]words(單

詞)都屬于variants的從屬概念。全句可譯為:(我們)應(yīng)該注意到,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)與非標(biāo)

準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)之間的區(qū)別原則上并非是正式語(yǔ)言與口語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)既有書(shū)面語(yǔ)又有

口語(yǔ)。

9、

A、Surprisingly

B、Historically

C、Interestingly

D、Generally

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:此題屬于語(yǔ)義搭配題。historically意為“在歷史上”,根據(jù)上下文意

思,前面談的是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)是什么,下文談到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)的起源,故選項(xiàng)

[B]Historically正確。選項(xiàng)[AJSurprisingly意為“令人吃驚地”;選項(xiàng)?Interestingly

意為“令人感到有趣的是“;選項(xiàng)[D]Generally意為“一般地,通常”,例如:

Generally,hedoesn'ttakemedicine,butsometimeshedoes.又如:It\generally

believedthat…(人們普遍認(rèn)為...)。

10、

A^accent

B、pronunciation

C、spelling

D、dialect

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:此題屬于語(yǔ)義搭配題。dialect意為“方言”,屬于一種語(yǔ)言形式,根據(jù)

下文出現(xiàn)thisdialect一詞,可知此處指?jìng)惗胤窖裕蔬x項(xiàng)[D]dialect正確。選項(xiàng)

[A]accenl(口音);選項(xiàng)[B]pronuncialion(發(fā)音);選項(xiàng)[CJspelling(拼寫(xiě)),都是屬于語(yǔ)

言的內(nèi)容,故不符合題意。全句可譯為:就標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)的發(fā)展來(lái)說(shuō),它是建立在倫敦

方言的基礎(chǔ)上的。諾曼底征服后,宮廷從溫切斯特搬到倫敦,倫敦方言不斷發(fā)展。

11、

A^preferred

B、learned

C、praised

D、created

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:此題屬于語(yǔ)義搭配題。prefer意為“比較喜歡”,例如:Heprefersto

workalone.根據(jù)上下文的意思,上文談到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)從倫敦方言發(fā)展而來(lái),而受過(guò)

教育的人們使用的是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ),那么,倫敦英語(yǔ)肯定曾經(jīng)受過(guò)這些人青睞

(prefer),喜歡該語(yǔ)言并喜歡使用它,故選項(xiàng)[Apreferred正確。選項(xiàng)[B"earned(學(xué)習(xí)

的);選項(xiàng)[C]praised(贊揚(yáng)的),沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)出人們愛(ài)用倫敦方言的意味;選項(xiàng)

[D]creatcd(創(chuàng)造的),倫敦方言并不是由受過(guò)教育的人創(chuàng)造出來(lái)的。

12、

A^to

in

C、as

D^for

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:此題屬于語(yǔ)法題。as意為“成為”,根據(jù)句子意思:這種方言逐漸發(fā)

展,成為了一種標(biāo)準(zhǔn),故選項(xiàng)[C]as正確。其他選項(xiàng);[A]to;[B]in;[D]for均不符題

意。全句可譯為:倫敦方言得到了那些受過(guò)教育的人的青睞。對(duì)于社會(huì)上越來(lái)越多

的人來(lái)說(shuō),它已經(jīng)發(fā)展成為一種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

13、

A、basis

B、norm

C、rule

D、variety

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:此題屬于語(yǔ)義搭配題。nomi意為“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)",例如;Onechildperfamily

isbecomingthenorminsomecountries.根據(jù)上下文,前面談到倫敦方言已經(jīng)發(fā)展成

為一種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(norm),下文提及正是這個(gè)norm漂洋過(guò)海,傳到海外,因此選項(xiàng)

[B]norm正確。其他選項(xiàng):[A]basis(基礎(chǔ)).[C]rule(規(guī)則);[D]variety(變體)均不合

題意。倫敦英語(yǔ)是英語(yǔ)的一種變體,但這種變體已發(fā)展成為一種標(biāo)準(zhǔn),傳到海外的

是這一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。全句可譯為:這種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)后來(lái)漂洋過(guò)海,傳到了海外。但在傳播過(guò)程中

它并非一成不變。

14、

A、formal

B、colloquial

C、non-standard

D、standard

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:此題屬于語(yǔ)義搭配題。standard意為“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(的廣,根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容,所

談?wù)摰亩际莝tandardEnglish,因此選項(xiàng)[D]slandard正確。其他選項(xiàng):[A]formal(正

式的);[B]colloquial(口語(yǔ)的,口語(yǔ)體);[C]non—standard(非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的),均不符題意。

15、

A、not

B、very

C、much

D、hardly

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:此題屬于詞語(yǔ)搭配題。muchthesame意為“差不多,幾乎一樣”,例

如:Thepatientismuchthesame.根據(jù)原文句意:世界各地所用的語(yǔ)法和詞匯基本

相同,故選項(xiàng)[C]much正確。選項(xiàng)[A]not(不),表示否定意味,與題意不符;選項(xiàng)

[B]vcry不與same連用;選項(xiàng)[DJhardly(幾乎不),與題意相反。

16、

A、variation

B、standardization

C、unification

D、transformation

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:此題屬于語(yǔ)義搭配題。variation意為“變化”,如生物學(xué)中的變種,音

樂(lè)上的變調(diào)。例如:(l)Thesamestorywastold,withslightvariations,ofmany

legendaryheroes.(2)Thcvariationsoftemperatureinthatdistrictareverygreat.同源

名詞variety意為“[不可數(shù)名詞]多樣性;[可數(shù)名詞]同類(lèi)的不同品種”,例如:There

arenumerousvarietiesofneonies(tI*fl*)n又如:thetremendousvarietyofthethemes:

根據(jù)上下文,前文談到世界各地所用的語(yǔ)法及詞匯基本相同,各地之間的差異就應(yīng)

該很小,此處差異即[A]varia—lion。選項(xiàng)[B]standardization(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化),與下文的

minor搭配不當(dāng);選項(xiàng)?unification意為“聯(lián)合,統(tǒng)一”,不合題意,例如:The

trafficlawsofthedifferentstatesneedunification.J4i?i|D|transformation意為“轉(zhuǎn)

變”,原指形式的改變,引申為性質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)的改變,thesocialandpolitical

transformationofacountry,用在語(yǔ)言學(xué)里,指句子結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換,與題意不符。

17、

A、therefore

but

C、sothat

D、nevertheless

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:此題屬于語(yǔ)法題。sothal為組合連詞,連接結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句,根據(jù)句子

意思,前半句講地區(qū)差異很少,下半句講新加坡、南非等地的英語(yǔ)差別不大,是前

半句的結(jié)果,故選項(xiàng)[C]sothat正確。選項(xiàng)EA]therefore副詞,連接因果狀語(yǔ)從句,

例如:Thosepeoplehavetheirumbrellasup;therefore,itmustberaining.選項(xiàng)

[B]but(但是)和選項(xiàng)[D]neverlhele$s(然而)均連接轉(zhuǎn)折狀語(yǔ)從句,例如:Hewasvery

tired,neverthelesshekeptworking.

18、

A、great

13、much

C、no

D、little

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:此題屬于語(yǔ)義搭配題。此題需填一個(gè)表示差別大小的副詞,根據(jù)上下

文意思:語(yǔ)言變體的差別很小,故選項(xiàng)正確。其他選項(xiàng):[A]great,

[B]much和[C]no均不符合題意。

19、

A、talked

B、concerned

C、mentioned

D^involved

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:此題屬于詞語(yǔ)搭配題。asfaras…beconcerned意為“就……而言'例

如:Asfaraslamconcerned,1cannotobjecttoyourdecision.此題屬固定搭配,故

選項(xiàng)[BJconccrncd正確。選項(xiàng)[AJtalkcd(談?wù)摚?,不符合題意;選項(xiàng)[CJmentioned意為

"提到",例如:Hecasuallymentionedthathewasleavinghisjob.選項(xiàng)[D]invoNed意

為”涉及.卷入,牽涉”,常與in/with搭配,例如:(l)Thefourmenwereall

involvedinorganizingandcarryingoutthemurders.(2)Winningthegameinvolves

bolhskillandfortune.(想贏這場(chǎng)比賽,既要技巧也要運(yùn)氣。)全句可譯為:現(xiàn)在,

在使用英語(yǔ)的地方,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)已經(jīng)達(dá)到了語(yǔ)法和詞匯基本相同的程度,各地之間的

差異很小。因此,就語(yǔ)法和詞匯而言,新加坡、南非以及愛(ài)爾蘭的英語(yǔ)并沒(méi)有什么

不同。

20、

A、press

pressure

C^power

D、force

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:此題屬于詞語(yǔ)搭配題。exertpressureon意為“施力口壓力”,根據(jù)句子意

思:標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)太強(qiáng)大,以至于對(duì)地方英語(yǔ)產(chǎn)生極大的影響,亦即施加壓力,另外下

文也出現(xiàn)pressure一詞,故選項(xiàng)[B[pressure正確。其他選項(xiàng):[A]press(強(qiáng)迫),

[C]power(力量)和[D]force(力量),均不符題意。

21、

A、lost

B、gained

C、missed

D、got

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:此題屬于語(yǔ)義搭配題。loseone'svigor意為、'失去活力”,根據(jù)句子意

思:地方英語(yǔ)受到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)的影響,許多使用很久的方言失去了活力,故選項(xiàng)

正確。選項(xiàng)[B]gained(獲得)和選項(xiàng)[D]got與句意不符;選項(xiàng)[C]missed意為

”錯(cuò)失(因各種原因)“,例如:Ihatemissingthebeginningofafilm.

22、

A^abandoned

B、changed

C、standardized

D、reformed

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:此題屬于語(yǔ)義搭配題。siandardize意為“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化”,根據(jù)上下文的意思

可知:那些使用很久的方言(有特點(diǎn)的地方性語(yǔ)言)失去了活力,并面臨著被標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化

的壓力,故選項(xiàng)[CJstandardizcd正確。選項(xiàng)[AJabandoncd意為“被遺棄的,放棄

的“,例如:Thevillagehadalreadybeenabandoned.又如:abandonone'sattemptto

do(放棄某人的努力去做):選項(xiàng)[B]changed意為“改變”;選項(xiàng)[D]reformed意為“變

革“,有變化之意,但用在此處不夠準(zhǔn)確。全句可逕為:事實(shí)上,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)非常強(qiáng)

大。它對(duì)于英語(yǔ)的所有地方變體都有著巨大的影響,以至于英格蘭一些形成已久的

方言也喪失了活力并且面臨著被標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的巨大壓力.

23、

A、in

B、of

C、for

D、to

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:此題屬于詞語(yǔ)搭配題。beuniqueto意為“獨(dú)一無(wú)二的",例如:None

ofthesesocialproblemsisuniquetothiscountry.其他選項(xiàng):[A]in,[B]of和[C]for均

不符合題意。

24、

A、intheway

underway

C、outoftheway

D^alltheway

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:此題屬于語(yǔ)義搭配題。underway意為“在進(jìn)行中”,例如:Wehave

severalprojeclsunderway.根據(jù)原文意思,在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化進(jìn)程實(shí)行的過(guò)程中,故選項(xiàng)

[B]underway正確。選項(xiàng)[A]intheway意為“擋道的,妨礙人的”,例如:Ifyou're

goingtohelp,atleastdon'tgetintheway.選項(xiàng)[C]outoftheway意為“不擋道,得到

解決的“,例如:Whilethefightwasgoingon,hetriedtokeepoutoftheway.選項(xiàng)

[D]alltheway意為“一直,完全地“,例如:Iranallthewaytotheoffice.另外與

way連用的常見(jiàn)短語(yǔ)有:bytheway(順帶地);findone'sway(設(shè)法到達(dá));ina

way(在某種程度上);innoway(絕不);makeway(讓路);onewayoranother(用某種

方法);giveway(讓步,屈服);onthewayout(行將過(guò)時(shí)的);seeone'sclearwayto

do/doingsth.(愿意做某事)。全句可譯為:后者的情況不僅僅發(fā)生在英國(guó)。在別

的一些正在進(jìn)行英語(yǔ)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的國(guó)家也存在這種情況。

三、常規(guī)閱讀理解(本題共10題,每題1.0分,共10

分。)

Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyofthe

world'sgreatwriters.Beforeconsideringthisquestion,itwillbeusefultointroducesome

relatedconcepts.Conflict,definedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesdirectedagainst

oneanother,isdistinguishedfromcompetition,definedasoppositionamongsocial

entitiesindependentlystrivingforsomethingwhichisininadequatesupply.Competitors

maynotbea-wareofoneanother,whilethepartiestoaconflictare.Conflictand

competitionarebothcategoriesofopposition,whichhasbeendefinedasaprocessby

whichsocialentitiesfunctioninthedisserviceofoneanother.Oppositionisthus

contrastedwithcooperation,theprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctionintheserviceof

oneanother.Thesedefinitionsarenecessarybecauseitisimpoitanttoemphasizethat

competitionbetweenindividualsorgroupsisinevitableinaworldoflimitedresources.

Butconflictisnot.Conflict,nevertheless,isverylikelytooccur,andisprobablyan

essentialanddesirableelementofhumansociety.Manyauthorshavearguedforthe

inevitabilityofwarfromthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistenceamonganimal

species,onlythefittestsurvive.Ingeneral,however,thisstruggleinnatureis

competition,notconflict.Socialanimals,suchasmonkeysandcatlie,fighttowinor

maintainleadershipofthegroup.Thestruggleforexistenceoccursnotinsuchfights,but

inthecompetitionforlimitedfeedingareasandfortheoccupancy(占有)ofareasfree

fromincat-catinganimals.Thosewhofailinthiscompetitionstarvetodeathorbecome

victimstootherspecies.Thisstruggleforexistencedoesnotresemblehumanwar,but

ratherthecompetitionofindividualsforjobs,markets,andmaterials.Theessenceofthe

struggleisthecompetitionforthenecessitiesoflifethatareinsufficienttosatisfyall.

Amongnationsthereiscompetitionindevelopingresources,trades,skills,anda

satisfactorywayoflife.Thesuccessfulnationsgrowandprosper(繁榮);the

unsuccessfuldecline.Whileitistruethatthiscompetitionmayinduceeffortstoexpand

territoryattheexpenseofothers,andthusleadtoconflict,itcannotbesaidthatwar-like

conflictamongnationsisinevitable,althoughcompetitionis.

25、Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorgivesthedefinitionsofsometermsinorderto

A>argueforthesimilariiiesbetweenanimalsocietiesandhumansocieties

B、smoothouttheconflictsinhumansocieties

C、distinguishbetweentwokindsofopposition

D、summarizethecharacteristicfeaturesofoppositionandcooperation

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:本題應(yīng)結(jié)合第一段的主要內(nèi)容考慮。顯然第一段旨在區(qū)別conflict和

competition的意思并為下文的論證打下基礎(chǔ)。文中乂說(shuō)到conflict和competition是

opposition的兩類(lèi),因此[C]對(duì)。

26、Accordingtotheauthorcompetitiondiffersfromconflictinthat.

A、itresultsinwarinmostcases

B、itinduceseffortstoexpandterritory

C^itisakindofoppositionamongsocialentities

D^itisessentiallyastrugglefbrexistence

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:細(xì)節(jié)題v根據(jù)第二段第二句,“…thisstruggle(指thestrugglefor

existcncc)innatureiscompetition,notconflict”以及最后——句"Theessenceofthe

struggleisthecompetitionfor...”可知[D]正確。有些考生因第一段第三句出現(xiàn)了

u...competition,definedasoppositionamongsocialentities...”而誤選[C]。

27、Thephrase"functioninthedisserviceofoneanother"(Linepara.1)mostprobably

means"______

A、betrayeachother

B、harmoneanother

C、helptocollaboratewitheachother

D、benefitoneanother

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:詞匯題,需要根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法和上下文推測(cè)短語(yǔ)的意思。理解這些短語(yǔ)意

思的關(guān)鍵是對(duì)disservice的理解,根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法,前綴dis一表示否定,service為“服

務(wù),幫助”,因此可推測(cè)disservice是“服務(wù),幫助'’的反義。此外,從上下文看,作

者將對(duì)抗與合作對(duì)比,對(duì)抗是“indisserviceofoneanother”,合作是“inserviceofone

another",而我們知道合作有利,對(duì)抗有害,所以推測(cè)整個(gè)短語(yǔ)是“有害于彼此”的

意思。

28、Theauthorindicatesinllicpassagethatuonflicl.

A、isaninevitablestruggleresultingfromcompetition

B、reflectsthestruggleamongsocialanimals

C、isanoppositionamongindividualsocialentities

D、canbeavoided

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:根據(jù)文章的最后一句:”…Itcannotbesaidthatwar—likeconflict

amongnationsisinevitable…”可知,conflict不是不可避免的,這正是作者的結(jié)論。

因此,[D]對(duì)。[A]說(shuō)它是不可避免的,顯然不對(duì);|B|是文中沒(méi)有的內(nèi)容;|C]的表

述與第一段conflicl的定義字面上在些相似,但意思完全不同,conflicl并不是,單

個(gè)社會(huì)實(shí)體內(nèi)部的抗?fàn)帯保跜],而是“社會(huì)實(shí)體之間的抗?fàn)帯薄?/p>

29、Thepassageisprobablyintendedtoanswerthequestion"

A、Iswarinevitable?

B、Whyisthereconflictandcompetition?

C、Isconflictdesirable?

D^Cancompetitionleadtoconflict?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:主旨題,考文章的中心思想。文章開(kāi)頭即點(diǎn)出主題——戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是否不可

避免,最后一句又得出結(jié)論“不能說(shuō)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是不可避免的”。很容易看出文章是圍繞

“戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是否不可避免”這一問(wèn)題展開(kāi)的。

Waterproblemsinthefuturewillbecomemoreintenseandmorecomplex.Our

increasingpopulationwilltremendouslyincreaseurbanwastes,primarilysewage.Onthe

otherhand,increasingdemandsforwaterwilldecreasesubstantiallytheamountofwater

availablefordilutingwastes.Rapidlyexpandingindustrieswhichinvolvemoreandmore

complexchemicalprocesseswillproducelargervolumesofliquidwastes,andmanyof

thesewillcontainchemicalswhicharenoxious.Tofeedourrapidlyexpanding

population,agriculturewillhavetobeintensified.Thiswillinvolveever-increasing

quantitiesofagriculturalchemicals.Fromthis,itisapparentthatdrasticstepsmustbe

takenimmediatelytodevelopcorrectivemeasuresforthepollutionproblem.Thereare

twowaysbywhichthispollutionproblemcanbedwindled.Thefirstrelatestothe

treatmentofwastestodecreasetheirpollutionhazard.Thisinvolvestheprocessingof

solidwastes"priorto"disposalandthetreatmentofliquidwastes,oreffluents,topermit

thereuseofthewaterorminimizepollutionuponfinaldisposal.Asecondapproachisto

developaneconomicuseforallorapartofthewastes.Farmmanureisspreadinfields

asanutrientororganicsupplement.Effluentsfromsewagedisposalplantsarcusedin

someareasbothforirrigationandforthenutrientscontained.Effluentsfromother

processingplantsmayalsobeusedasasupplementalsourceofwater.Manyindustries,

suchasmeatandpoultryprocessingplants,arecurrentlyconvertingformerwaste

productsintomarketableby-products.Otherindustriesareexploringpotentialeconomic

usesfortheirwasteproducts.

30、Thepurposeofthispassageis.

A、toacquaintthereaderwithwaterpollutionproblems

B、toalertthereadertothedwindlingwatersupply

C、toexplainindustrialusesofwater

D、todemonstratevariousmeasurestosolvethepollutionproblem

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:第一段第一句是本文的主題句,指出污染問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)重性,接著作者闡

明了主題句所點(diǎn)出的主旨。第一段最后一句是本段的結(jié)論句,指出必須立即采取嚴(yán)

厲的措施來(lái)解決水的污染問(wèn)題。所以,正確答案非[A]莫屬。

31、WhichofthefollowingpointsisNOTincludedinthepassage?

A、Dilutingwastesneedsacertainamountofwater.

B、Demandsforwaterwillgoupalongwiththeexpandingpopulation.

C、Intensivecultivationoflandrequiresmoreandmorechemicals.

D^Industrialdevelopmentincludesthesimplificationofcomplexchemicalprocesses.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:從所給的選擇項(xiàng)看,[A|,[B],[C]在第一段中都已從不同角度提

到,惟有[D]沒(méi)有提到。

32、Thereadercanconcludethat.

A、countriesoftheworldwillworktogetheronpollutionproblems

someindustriesarenowmakingeconomicuseofliquidwastes

C、by-productsfromwastesleadtoamoreprosperousmarketplace

D、scienceismakinggreatprogressinincreasingwatersupplies

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:第三段最后兩句均闡述某些正在從經(jīng)濟(jì)上利用廢水。

33、Theauthorgivessubstancetothepassagethroughtheuseof.

A、interviewswithauthoritiesinthefieldofwatercontrols

B、definitionswhichclarifyimportantterms

C^opinionsandpersonalobservations

D、strongargumentsandpersuasions

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:本題題干可譯為:作者通過(guò)使用……來(lái)闡述本文的基本內(nèi)容。本文共

3段,每段的段首句均為作者的觀點(diǎn),然后緊接段首句提出觀察報(bào)告。所以,本題

的答案應(yīng)為[C]。

34、ThewordsMpriorto"(Para.2)probablymean.

A、during

B、before

C>after

D、beyond

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:priorio(=before)在...以前。

四、配伍題(本題共5題,每題分,共5分。)

Joan:Thatis,goalsthataresmall,manageable,achievable,realisticandtangible.Too

manypeoplejudgewhetherthey'reoverweightbythosedepressinginsurance-company

tableslisting"ideal"or"heakhy"bodyweightsbasedonlowmortalityrates.Butsuch

tablesrepresentonlytheweightsofpeoplewhoappliedforlifeinsuranceandlivedthe

longest.Theydonotaccuratelymeasuretheeffectsofexcessbodyfatonsicknessor

longevityfortheentirepopulation.Nordotheytellyouyourhealthiestweight.Kate:To

reduce,youmustcombinethethreekeyelementsoflong-termweightcontrol.First,

followanutritionallybalanced,healthfuleatingplan.Increasethefiberinyourdietand

cutyourfatintaketo25to30gramsperday.Ifyou'veselectiveaboutthefoodyou

choose,youcaneatthreemealsadayanduptothreelow-fatsnacks.Oneexplanationfor

thisquickimpactisthatyouarewhatyoueat.It'snotjustthepoundsofexcessbodyfat

thatcauseallthetrouble.It'sthehigh-fatcaloriesthatyouconsumeeverydaytomaintain

thoseextrapounds.Assoonasyoucutoutthoseadditionalhigh-fatcalories,you'llbe

healthierandhappier.Jean:Here'sthetoughpart.Aftertrimmingdown,easy-does-it

dietersspendatleastsixmonthsadaptingtotheirnewweight.Thisgivesthebodytime

toadjusttothechangesithasundergoneindiet,exerciseandlife-style.Don'tgetcaught

inthetrapofall-or-nothingthinking.Anoccasionallapseisnormal.Werecommend

whatwecallthe"R-K"0"syslem.Eachdaythatyoufollowaprogramoflowfatdietand

exerciseisan"R"dayof"regularlyreducing."Dayswhenyouwanttojustholdsteady一

eatabitmore,exerciseslightlyless—are"K"days,fbr"keepingitoff."Dayswhenyou

splu

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