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第07講閱讀理解目錄新知導航:熟悉題型、掌握知識脈絡基礎知識:知識點全面梳理,掌握必備重點記憶:關鍵點快速記憶,提升能力小試牛刀:考點剖析+過關檢測,合理應用閱讀理解是高考試題中的重頭戲,因此閱讀理解試題的分數的得失成為高考英語成敗的關鍵。任何一位作者都會有自己的寫作意圖,任何一篇文章都會有自己的中心主旨,而能否明晰作者的寫作意圖,能否把握文章的主旨,是理解一篇文章的關鍵,也是閱讀水平高低的體現。為了考察考生對文章的理解程度和閱讀水平,出題者必然會以各種方式對作者的寫作意圖與文章的主旨要義進行考察。一般來說,文章的主旨經常會被表述在文章的首尾中,首尾既包括文章的首段尾段,又包括每一段的段首句和段尾句。要想快速把握文章中心,文本之首尾段和各段之首尾句是最佳切入點,因此高一的同學們應格外注意英語閱讀理解的理解和應用,注意其解題過程。先看問題,再讀文章做閱讀理解是先看問題,還是先看文章,這是很多同學經常問的問題。我覺得這兩種方法各有利弊,應視具體情況而定。就閱讀廣告而言,還是先看問題比較好,因為廣告類的試題絕大部分是尋找信息的題目,大可不必從頭讀到尾,帶著問題有針對性地去跳讀、略讀,這樣就可以節(jié)約不少時間。抓住廣告的標題如果廣告有標題,大標題下又有小標題,那么,快速尋找原文信息時,這些標題就成了很重要的線索,可以幫助我們快速準確地找到答案。有些題目考查的就是對廣告標題的理解。逐項比較,得出最佳做閱讀理解題,切不可憑主觀印象,想當然地確定答案。任何一道題目,均可以在原文中找到相關線索,這就如同破譯密碼一樣。做題人的思維過程和編題人的思維過程恰好相反,編題人先找好線索,然后設計問題和選項,解題人根據問題,再去文中找相關線索。因此,我們做題時要逐項比較,排除錯誤選項,得出最佳答案。4.吃透文章文章大意和中心思想任何一篇文章都會有一個主旨和中心。有時從文章的第一個段落,甚至第一個句子即可得出文章的主旨大意,從這一段或這個句子,我們就會知道文章描述的是什么(即文章的主題),也會了解作者希望讀者了解主題方面的哪些內容。有時,文章的主旨要義則需從文章的字里行間去濃縮去推斷。這類試題主要考查考生略讀文章、領會駕馭大意的能力,它對考生的歸納、概括能力有一定的要求。5.理解文中具體信息文章主題和中心思想的闡述往往需要大量細節(jié)信息的支持,這些細節(jié)對于理解全文內容至關重要,同時也是歸納和概括文章中心思想的基礎。命題人員往往會要求考生根據不同的要求,閱讀文章以獲得某些特定的信息或準確地尋求所需的細節(jié)。這類試題有時比較直接,理解字面意思即可答題;有時則較為間接,需要歸納、概括和推理才能答題。6.根據上下文語境,準確推斷生詞的詞義正確理解文章中單詞或短語的含義是理解文章的第一步,也是理解文章的基礎,不懂單詞含義根本就談不上理解文章。但英語單詞的含義并非完全等同于詞典中所標注的漢語意思,其含義隨不同的語境會有所不同。能根據上下文正確理解靈活變化的詞義,才算是真正初步具備了一定的閱讀理解能力。此外,閱讀文章時,常常會遇到一些過去未見過的詞,但許多這類生詞的詞義可以通過上下文推斷出來。這種不使用詞典而通過閱讀上下文來推斷生詞含義的能力,是一個合格的讀者所必須具備的能力,因此也是閱讀測試中經常檢測的一種能力。7.作出簡單判斷和推理閱讀文章的主要目的是獲取信息,即作者所要傳達的信息。在實際的閱讀活動中,有時需要根據文章提供的事實和線索,進行邏輯推理,推測作者未提到的事實或某事發(fā)生的可能性等。8.準確把握作者的意圖、觀點和態(tài)度每篇文章都有一個特定的寫作目的,或是向讀者傳遞某個信息,或是愉悅讀者,或是講授某個道理。而這些信息通常并不是明確表達出來,而是隱含在文章之中。因此,這類問題要求考生在理解文章總體內容的基礎上,去領會作者的言外之意?!睂τ⒄Z閱讀能力的考查是英語高考的重中之重,除閱讀理解題外,其他各種題型從單項填空到書面表達尤其是完形填空和短文該錯都與我們的英語閱讀能力有密切的關系。難怪有的教師在分析高考英語試卷時得出這樣的結論“得閱讀者得天下”。細節(jié)理解題直接信息題★解題方略①認真閱讀題干,根據關鍵詞明確答題方向②運用略讀及查讀技巧迅速找到文中與問題相關的信息③仔細比較所給選項,與原文信息對應,鎖定正確選項設題方式①When/Wheredidthestoryhappen?②Whichofthefollowingstatementsis(not)correct/wrong/false?③Whichofthefollowingstatementsis(not)mentioned/includedinthepassage?④WhowouldmostprobablyenterforTakeaview?⑤Allthestatementsaretrueexcept________.⑥WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabout________?⑦Whichofthemaps/diagramsshowstherightpositionof...?2.間接信息題★解題方略①閱讀題干,有針對性地掃讀原文,鎖定相關詞句等信息②仔細比較選項和原文信息,選擇正確或最佳的答案③準確理解每個選項的意思,尋找與原文信息相關的同義詞,近義詞或反義詞設題方式①Whichistherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage?②Bythefirstsentenceofthepassage,theauthormeansthat…?③What’stherightorderoftheeventsrelatedto…?④Inthepassage,theauthorstatesthat…⑤Whatwasthereasonfor…?⑥Whatcanwelearnaboutthepetlizard…?3.數字計算題★解題方略①明確題干要求,鎖定原文相關信息②對相關信息和數字進行分析和理解③利用加、減、乘、除等運算方法進行計算,確定答案設題方式①Whichnumbershouldyoucallifyouwanttoworkwiththeelderly?②Howmany/Howmuch...?推理判斷題1.隱含與預測推斷★解題方略①鎖定題干中infer,conclude,suggest,imply,indicate,assume等詞,明確答題方向②根據語篇,對事件可能產生的結局或下段可能涉及的內容等進行推理③瀏覽四個選項,首先排除與原文信息一樣的選項④立足原文,結合語境和常識,在字面意義的基礎上進行合乎邏輯的推斷設題方式①Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat.②Accordingto...,wecaninferthat.③Thestoryimpliesthat.④Comparedwithothersimilarproducts,thenewdesign________.⑤Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat________.⑥Thepassage/writer/authorindicates/suggests/impliesthat________.⑦Wecaninferfromthe(first/last)passagethat________.⑧Theunderlinedsentenceindicatesthat________.⑨Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?2.文章出處題★解題方略①原則:從文章的內容或結構判斷起出處②方法對號入座—— 報紙:前面常會出現日期、地點或通訊社名稱廣告:格式特殊,容易辨認產品說明:常含有操作方式、使用方法等網頁:常還有網頁的典型用語設題方式①Thetextismostlikelytobetakenfrom________.②Wherecanwemostprobablyreadthistext?③Thepassageislikelytoappearin_________.④Whereisthepassagemostlikelytohavebeentakenfrom?⑤Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?⑥Wherecanthetextbefound?3.觀點態(tài)度題——關鍵詞句法★解題方略①選項常用詞匯--subjective/objective/neutral/indifferent/unclearpositive/approval/optimistic/hopefulnegative/disapproval/critical/pessimistic/doubtful/skeptical②關鍵詞句法——全面理解文章的內容和中心思想抓住體現人物觀點態(tài)度的關鍵句或列舉的事例注意流露作者思想傾向或感情色彩的形容詞、副詞、動詞設題方式①Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.②Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthepassage?③Fromthepassagewecanconcludethat________.④Theattitudeoftheauthortowardssomebody/somethingis________.⑤Theauthor'sattitudetowards...canbebestdescribedas________.⑥Thetoneofthispassageisbestdescribedas_______.⑦Whatdoestheauthormostlikelywanttotellus?⑧WhatcanwelearnabouttheauthorsoonafterhemovedtoLondon?詞句猜測題1.詞(短語)義猜測題★解題方略①依據構詞法猜測詞(短語)義——合成、派生、轉化②依據反義詞和對比關系猜測詞(短語)義——but/yet/however/nevertheless/while/whereas/otherwise/orelse/unlike/instead/ratherthan/bycontrast/comparedto/onthecontrary/ontheotherhand③依據定義、解釋或同位關系猜測詞(短語)義——tobedefinedas/tobecalled/thatistobe/tomean/toreferto/thatis(tosay)/inotherwords/namely④依據上下文猜測詞(短語義)——因果關系、同位關系、對比關系、轉折關系設題方式①Accordingtothepassage,theword“…”probablymeans_______.②Theunderlinedword“…”means_____.③Whatdoestheword“…”meaninthesecondparagraph?④Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedpart?⑤Asusedinthepassage,thephrase“…”suggests_______.⑥Theword...couldbestbereplacedby________.⑦Theauthorusestheword...tomean________.2.指代猜測題★解題方略①方法——宏觀把握——充分把握代詞指代所在的段落或前面段落的整體意義微觀入手——抓住關鍵詞或關鍵句,理清邏輯關系②人稱代詞——it,they,them,he,she等③不定代詞——something,anything,someone,anyone等④指示代詞——this,that,these,those等設題方式Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“...”standsfor?Theword...couldbestbereplacedby________.Inthe...paragraph,theword...means(refersto)________.Accordingtothepassage,...probablymeans________.主旨大意題1.歸納文章標題★解題方略①方法——中心句法——根據文章中心句,提煉主題詞充當文章標題1=1——當文章的寫作對象特點較多時,常用寫作對象的名稱充當文章的題目1+1=1將文章的寫作對象和其主要特點、意義或影響整合充當文章的題目②特點——概括性——抽象、準確、簡短,常用一個短語或一句話針對性——標題外延恰當,與文章內容相符,避免以偏概全醒目性——新穎奇特,激發(fā)讀者的閱讀興趣設題方式①Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassagemightbe________.②Thetext/passagecouldbeentitled________.③Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?④Whichofthefollowingwouldbesuitableasatitleforthepassage?⑤Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?⑥Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?⑦Themostappropriatetitleofthepassageis________.⑧Whatisthemainthemeofthepassage?2.概括文章大意(主旨大意)★解題方略①借助段落主題句歸納——常見位置——段首、段中、段末②借助文章主題段歸納——常見位置——首段(新聞報道、議論文、說明文)、末段(記敘文、議論文)③借助主題詞歸納——抓住文中出現頻率較高的主題詞,然后對其進行概括和歸納,確定文章的主旨大意設題方式Thispassagechieflydealswith/ismainlyconcernedabout________.②What'sthetopicofthearticle?③Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?④Withwhattopicisthepassagechieflyconcerned?⑤What'sthemainidea/pointofthepassage?⑥Thesubjectdiscussedinthistextis________.⑦Fromthepassageweknowthat________.⑧Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?⑨Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainidea/themeofthepassage?⑩Inthispassagetheauthordiscussesprimarily________.Thegeneral/mainideaofthepassageisabout________.3.段落大意題★解題方略方法1:概括段落大意要準確概括某段的大意,務必要知道該段的邏輯結構。如該段是按總分順序組織,首句做總的說明,其他句子對其進行具體論述,這種結構的主題句就在段首;如果按分總順序組織,主題句就在段尾;如果按分總分的順序組織,則主題句就在這段話的中間;如果對比各事物,那么它們的共同點或不同點就是該段大意。方法2:揣摩段落大意有時,作者可能不直接寫出主題句,而是通過各種方法暗示給讀者,這就需要讀者充分發(fā)揮想象力與判斷力,揣摩段落大意。設題方式①WhatdoestheauthortellusinParagraph...?②Themainideaofthesecondparagraphprobablyis______.③Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout________.④WhichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizePara.1?4.篇章結構題★解題方略(1)段落(篇章)論證方式——按照事物發(fā)展的順序、按照事件的先后順序、按照人物的活動內容、按照地點和空間的變換(2)四步解題法——①抓文章中心句——重視文章首段和末段②抓段落中心句——重視段落首句和尾句③看段間邏輯關系——總分式結構:總——分;總——分——總;分——總對照式結構——一正一反并列式結構——平行關系,相對獨立④對比選項定答案設題方式①Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthispassage?②Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructure/organizationofthepassage?③Thesecondparagraphisdevelopedby?④Thepassageismainlydeveloped/organizedby_______?⑤Howdoestheauthordevelopthepassage?閱讀理解Passage1(2023上·湖北武漢·高二??茧A段練習)MarkTwainleftschoolwhenhewastwelve.Hehadlittleschooleducation.Inspiteofthis,hebecamethemostfamouswriterofhistime.Hemademillionsofdollarsbywriting.HisrealnamewasSamuelLanghorneClemens,butheisbetterknownallovertheworldasMarkTwain,hispenname.MarkTwainwasbornin1835andhewasnotahealthybaby.Infact,hewasnotexpectedtolivethroughthefirstwinter.Butwithhismother’stendercare,hemanagedtosurvive.Asaboy,hecausedmuchtroubleforhisparents.Heusedtoplayjokesonallofhisfriendsandneighbours.Hedidn’tliketogotoschool,andheconstantlyranawayfromhome.HealwayswentinthedirectionofthenearbyMississippiRiver.Hewasnearlydrownedninetimes.Afterhisfather’sdeathin1847,MarkTwainbegantoworkforaprinter,whoonlyprovidedhimwithfoodandclothing.Then,heworkedasaprinter,ariver-boatpilotandlaterjoinedthearmy.Butshortlyafterthathebecameaminer.Duringthisperiod,hestartedtowriteshortstories.Afterwardshebecameafull-timewriter.In1870,MarkTwaingotmarried.IntheyearsthatfollowedhewrotemanybooksincludingTomSawyerin1876,andHuckleberryFinnin1884,whichmadehimfamous,andbroughthimagreatfortune.Unfortunately,MarkTwaingotintodebtsinbadinvestments(投資)andhehadtowritelargenumbersofstoriestopaythesedebts.In1904,hiswifedied,andthenthreeoftheirchildrenpassedaway.Attheageof70,hishairwascompletelywhite.Heboughtmanywhitesuitsandneckties.HeworenothingbutwhitefromheadtofootuntilhisdeathonApril21,1910.1.MarkTwainleftschoolat12to________.A.workasaminer B.writestories C.jointhearmy D.makealiving2.WhichofthefollowingaboutMarkTwainisNOTtrue?A.Hewasnotahealthyboy. B.Hecausedmuchtroubleforhisparents.C.Hegainedlotsofmoneybywriting. D.Hehadahappychildhoodbutasadlaterlife.3.________broughthimfameandlotsofmoney.A.Hisworks B.HisinvestmentsC.Hisprinting D.Hisfamily4.Thebesttitleofthispassageis________.A.MarkTwain’sWorks B.MarkTwain’sLifeC.MarkTwain’sFame D.MarkTwain’sSuccess【答案】1.D2.D3.A4.B【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了馬克·吐溫的生平事跡和所取得的成就。1.細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第二段“MarkTwainwasbornin1835andhewasnotahealthybaby.(馬克·吐溫出生于1835年,他不是一個健康的嬰兒。)”和文章第三段“Afterhisfather’sdeathin1847,MarkTwainbegantoworkforaprinter,whoonlyprovidedhimwithfoodandclothing.(在他父親1847年去世后,馬克·吐溫開始在一家印刷公司工作,這家公司只給他提供食物和衣服。)”可知,馬克·吐溫在12歲離開學校是為了謀生。故選D。2.細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第二段“MarkTwainwasbornin1835andhewasnotahealthybaby.Infact,hewasnotexpectedtolivethroughthefirstwinter.(馬克·吐溫出生于1835年,他不是一個健康的嬰兒。事實上,人們認為他活不過第一個冬天。)”和“HealwayswentinthedirectionofthenearbyMississippiRiver.Hewasnearlydrownedninetimes.(他總是朝附近密西西比河的方向走去。他有九次差點被淹死。)”和文章第三段“Afterhisfather’sdeathin1847,MarkTwainbegantoworkforaprinter,whoonlyprovidedhimwithfoodandclothing.Then,heworkedasaprinter,ariver-boatpilotandlaterjoinedthearmy.Butshortlyafterthathebecameaminer(在他父親1847年去世后,馬克·吐溫開始在一家印刷公司工作,這家公司只給他提供食物和衣服。然后,他做過印刷工、河船領航員,后來參軍。但不久之后,他成為了一名礦工。)”可知,馬克·吐溫兒時患病,父親早逝,為了生計做工,可見他的童年并不快樂、幸福。故選D。3.細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第四段“IntheyearsthatfollowedhewrotemanybooksincludingTomSawyerin1876,andHuckleberryFinnin1884,whichmadehimfamous,andbroughthimagreatfortune.(在接下來的幾年里,他寫了許多書,包括1876年的《湯姆·索亞歷險記》和1884年的《哈克貝利·費恩歷險記》,這些書使他出名,并給他帶來了巨大的財富。)”可知,他的作品給他帶來聲譽和財富。故選A。4.主旨大意題。文章主要介紹了馬克·吐溫的生平事跡和所取得的成就。由此可知,B項:MarkTwain’sLife(馬克·吐溫的生平)是最好的標題。故選B。Passage2(2023上·浙江嘉興·高二??茧A段練習)DigitalEtiquette(禮節(jié)),ornetiquette,isasetofrulesforhowtobehaveonline.It’salotlikelifeetiquette,whichisbasicallyhavinggoodmannersandtreatingotherswithrespect.It’sjustasimportantinourdigitallives,includinghowweactinonlinegamesorhowwecommunicateinemails,texts,instantmessagesandonsocialnetworkingwebsites.Alloftheseplatformsletustalkandshareinstantlywhereverweare.Unfortunately,somepeoplecanlosecontrolthemomenttheyjumponline.Whentheydisagreewithsomeone,orhavestrongfeelingsaboutatopic,theyendupsayingstuffthey’dneversayinperson!TheymaysendruderemailsandIMsortrytostartargumentsonmessageboards.That’scalledflaming,anditcanleadtofull-onflamewars,insultingargumentsbetweentwoormoreusers.OntheInternet,it’sprettyeasytostayanonymous,orunidentified.Havingasecretidentitytohidebehindcanmakepeopleprettybrave.Andwhenalltheyseeofyouisscreennameorafunnyicon,theymightforgetthatthey’redealingwitharealhumanbeing!Theprincipleissimple:Justlikeinreallife,youshouldtreatotherpeoplethewayyouwanttobetreated.Youwouldn’twantsomebodytoberudetoyou,sodon’tberudetoanyoneelse.Ofcourse,netiquetteisn’tjustaboutbeingnice;it’salsoaboutcommunicatingclearly.ThatmeanskeepingemailsandIMsclear,andtothepoint.Italsomeansmakingyourmessageseasytoreadandunderstand,whichcandependonyouraudience.Forinstance,someabbreviations(縮略詞)andemoticonsmaybefinewithfriends.Butthey’regenerallynotappropriateinformalcommunication.Andwhateveryoudo,don’twriteinallcapitalletters!Writinginallcapsmakesitseemlikeyou’reyelling.Lastly,neverpostanythingaboutyourfriendsonablogorasocialnetworkingsiteunlessyouareallowedto.People’spersonalinformationisprivate,andyoucanreallyruinrelationshipsifyoupostsomethingthatafriendorafriend’sparentsdon’twantontheweb.AndkeepinmindthattheInternetisnotaprivateplace;ifyouwouldn’twantaparent,teacherorfutureemployertoseesomethingyoupost,don’tpostit!5.Accordingtothepassage,theusersofsocialmediaareadvised________.A.tocauseargumentsonmessageboardsB.toapplyabbreviationsandemoticonsasmanyaspossibleC.toberespectfulofothersonlineratherthanofflineD.tobehaveonlinewithcommonetiquette6.WhymightananonymousInternetuserfeelboldenoughtosayhorriblethingsinresponsetoablogpost?A.BecausehecaninsultotherswithoutworryingaboutrevengeB.Becauseheknowshisfriendswillrecognizehimandthinkbetterofhim.C.Becausehecanmakemorefriendsifhesaysmeanthings..D.Becausehecanimpressolder,smarterpeoplewithhisremarks.7.Whichofthefollowingisthebestwaytotextyouruncletosayyou’llbebackinanhour?A.btherein60,cu18r! B.BETHEREINANHOUR.SEEYOULATER!C.I’llbehomeinanhour.Seeyoulater! D.imrunninglatebethereinanhour!8.Whichofthefollowingisaclearruleaboutpostingphotosonline?A.Ifyoutakeaphotograph,youcandowhateveryoulikeaboutit.B.Informationaboutyourfriends,includingphotographs,isprivate.C.It’sillegaltopostpicturesonlineifpeopleinthepicturesdon’tlikeit.D.Youshouldalwaysavoidpostingimagesontheinternet.【答案】5.D6.A7.C8.B【導語】這是一篇說明文。主要討論了在社交媒體上如何保持網絡禮儀。5.細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段前兩句“DigitalEtiquette,ornetiquette,isasetofrulesforhowtobehaveonline.It’salotlikelifeetiquette,whichisbasicallyhavinggoodmannersandtreatingotherswithrespect.”(數字禮儀,或網絡禮儀,是一套關于如何在網上表現的規(guī)則。這很像生活禮儀,基本上就是要有禮貌,尊重他人。)及第三段第一句“Theprincipleissimple:Justlikeinreallife,youshouldtreatotherpeoplethewayyouwanttobetreated.”(原則很簡單:就像在現實生活中一樣,你應該以你希望被對待的方式對待別人。)可知,在社交媒體上,用戶也應該遵守通常的禮儀規(guī)則。故選D項。6.推理判斷題。根據第二段后三句“OntheInternet,it’sprettyeasytostayanonymous,orunidentified.Havingasecretidentitytohidebehindcanmakepeopleprettybrave.Andwhenalltheyseeofyouisscreennameorafunnyicon,theymightforgetthatthey’redealingwitharealhumanbeing!”(在互聯網上,保持匿名或身份不明是很容易的。擁有一個可以隱藏的秘密身份可以讓人變得非常勇敢。當他們看到的只是你的網名或一個有趣的圖標時,他們可能會忘記他們在和一個真實的人打交道!)可知,在互聯網上人們可以隱藏身份,肆意發(fā)表評論而不用擔心被發(fā)現。因此一個匿名的互聯網用戶有足夠的膽量說出可怕的話來回應一篇博客文章是因為他可以侮辱別人而不用擔心報復,故選A項。7.細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段第二句“ThatmeanskeepingemailsandIMsclear,andtothepoint.”(這意味著郵件和即時通訊要清晰明了,切中要害。)及后四句“Forinstance,someabbreviationsandemoticonsmaybefinewithfriends.Butthey’regenerallynotappropriateinformalcommunication.Andwhateveryoudo,don’twriteinallcapitalletters!Writinginallcapsmakesitseemlikeyou’reyelling.”(例如,一些縮寫和表情符號對朋友來說可能沒問題。但它們通常不適合在正式交流中使用。不管你做什么,不要全用大寫字母!用大寫字母寫會讓人覺得你在大喊大叫。)可知,在給叔叔留信時,要避免使用縮略語,避免全部使用大寫字母,還應該清晰易懂。故選C項。8.細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段前兩句“Lastly,neverpostanythingaboutyourfriendsonablogorasocialnetworkingsiteunlessyouareallowedto.People’spersonalinformationisprivate,andyoucanreallyruinrelationshipsifyoupostsomethingthatafriendorafriend’sparentsdon’twantontheweb.”(最后,除非你被允許,否則不要在博客或社交網站上發(fā)布任何關于你朋友的事情。人們的個人信息是隱私的,如果你在網上發(fā)布了朋友或朋友的父母不希望看到的東西,你真的會破壞人際關系。)可知,你朋友的信息,包括照片,都是隱私,不能隨意發(fā)布。故選B項。Passage3(2023上·福建泉州·高二校考階段練習)Youngpeople’scareerexpectationshavebecomemoreconcentratedinfeweroccupationsoverthepasttwodecadesthoughsocialmediaandtechnologieslikeArtificialIntelligence(AI)aredevelopingrapidly,accordingtoareportfromtheOrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD).Traditionaloccupationsfromthe19thand20thcenturies,suchaslawyersandpoliceofficers,continuetotraptheimaginationsofyoungpeoplearoundtheworldastheydidnearly20yearsago.Thereport,basedonalatestsurveyofthe15-year-oldsin41countries,saidthecareerexpectationsofyoungstersmaybe“antiquatedandunrealistic”.Nearlyhalfofyoungpeoplearoundtheworldwishtoworkinjust10ofthemostcommonprofessions.Thesurveysshowthattoomanyteenagersareignoring,ordon’tknow,newtypesofjobsthatarecomingup,particularlyasaresultofdigitalization(數字化).Itisaconcernthatmoreyoungpeoplethanbeforeappeartobepickingtheirdreamjobfromasmalllistofthemostpopular,traditionaloccupations,liketeachers,lawyersorbusinessmanagers.Thereportfoundthatamongboysandgirlswhoperformsimilarlyinscience,boysaremorelikelytoexpecttoworkinscienceandengineering.Thetop10occupationspreferredbyboyshavechangedverylittlesince2000butgirlsarenowmorelikelytowanttobearchitects,policeofficers,anddesignersratherthanhairdressersorwriters.Thereportalsofoundabroaderrangeofcareerexpectationsincountrieswithstrongandfirmoccupationaltrainingforteenagers.Forexample,inGermanyteenagersshowamuchwiderrangeofcareerintereststhatbetterreflectpatternsoflabourmarketdemands.MorethanathirdofstudentsintheUKreportalackofcareeradviceatschoolsandcolleges.Youngpeople’swishesaresetasyoungasageseven,anddonotchangeenoughovertimetomeetdemands.9.Whatarethecareerexpectationsamongyoungpeoplelikeaccordingtothereport?A.Outdated. B.Uncertain. C.Purposeful. D.Demanding.10.Howdoestheauthorfeelabouttheyoung’sjobinterest?A.Puzzled. B.Surprised. C.Satisfied. D.Worried.11.Whatmeasurecanwidencareerinterestsoftheyouth?A.Strengtheningthevocationaltrainingforteenagers.B.Offeringmorenewtypesofoccupationswithhighpay.C.Advertisingnewtypesofoccupationsonsocialmedia.D.Enrichingtheoccupationimaginationsofyoungpeople.12.Whatisthepassagemainlytalkingabout?A.Newoccupationsforyoungpeople. B.Youngpeople’scareerexpectations.C.Theoccupationaltrainingfortheyoung. D.Thedifficultdemandsinlabourmarket.【答案】9.A10.D11.A12.B【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項針對年輕人的職業(yè)期望的報告顯示年輕人的職業(yè)期望存在越來越窄的問題,同時呈現了該期望在性別、國別上的差異,并建議通過加強職業(yè)培訓拓寬年輕人的職業(yè)興趣。9.細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段中“Thereport,basedonalatestsurveyofthe15-year-oldsin41countries,saidthecareerexpectationsofyoungstersmaybe“antiquatedandunrealistic”.(這份基于對41個國家15歲青少年的最新調查的報告稱,年輕人的職業(yè)期望可能“過時且不現實”)”可知,年輕人的職業(yè)期望已經過時了。故選A項。10.細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段中“Itisaconcernthatmoreyoungpeoplethanbeforeappeartobepickingtheirdreamjobfromasmalllistofthemostpopular,traditionaloccupations,liketeachers,lawyersorbusinessmanagers.(令人擔憂的是,越來越多的年輕人似乎從教師、律師或商業(yè)經理等少數最受歡迎的傳統(tǒng)職業(yè)中挑選自己的理想職業(yè))”可知,年輕人只對少數最受歡迎的傳統(tǒng)職業(yè)感興趣,這讓作者感到擔心。故選D項。11.推理判斷題。根據最后一段中“Thereportalsofoundabroaderrangeofcareerexpectationsincountrieswithstrongandfirmoccupationaltrainingforteenagers.Forexample,inGermanyteenagersshowamuchwiderrangeofcareerintereststhatbetterreflectpatternsoflabourmarketdemands.(該報告還發(fā)現,在對青少年進行強有力的職業(yè)培訓的國家,青少年的職業(yè)期望范圍更廣。例如,在德國,青少年表現出更廣泛的職業(yè)興趣,這更好地反映了勞動力市場需求的模式)”可知,在像德國這樣對青少年進行職業(yè)培訓的國家,年輕人的職業(yè)期望范圍更廣。由此可知,加強對青少年的職業(yè)培訓可以拓寬青少年的職業(yè)興趣。故選A項。12.主旨大意題。通讀全文,尤其是第一段中“Youngpeople’scareerexpectationshavebecomemoreconcentratedinfeweroccupationsoverthepasttwodecadesthoughsocialmediaandtechnologieslikeArtificialIntelligence(AI)aredevelopingrapidly,accordingtoareportfromtheOrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD).(經濟合作與發(fā)展組織OECD的一份報告顯示,盡管社交媒體和人工智能等技術發(fā)展迅速,但在過去20年里,年輕人的職業(yè)期望越來越集中在更少的職業(yè)上)”可知,文章主要介紹了一項針對年輕人的職業(yè)期望的報告,該報告主要顯示出年輕人的職業(yè)期望存在越來越窄的問題,也呈現了該期望在性別、國別上的差異,并建議通過加強職業(yè)培訓拓寬年輕人的職業(yè)興趣。因此,文章的主要內容是年輕人的職業(yè)期望。故選B項。Passage4(2023上·山東濰坊·高二山東省安丘市第一中學??茧A段練習)Morethan3,400yearsaftertwoancientEgyptianswerelaidtorest,thejarsoffoodleftstillsmellsweet.Ateamofanalyticalchemistsandarchaeologists(考古學家)hasanalysedthesesmellstohelpidentifythejars’contents.Thestudyshowshowtheexplorationofsmellcanenrichourunderstandingofthepast.The1906discoveryoftheundisturbedtomb(墓穴)ofKhaandMeritsymbolizedanimportantstageinEgyptology.Thetombremainsthemostcompletenon-royalancientoneeverfoundinEgypt,showingimportantinformationabouthowhigh-rankingindividualsweretreatedafterdeath.Unusuallyforthetime,thearchaeologistwhodiscoveredthetombresistedthetemptationtoopenthesealedcontainersevenaftertheyweresenttotheEgyptianMuseum.Thecontentsofmanyofthesecontainersarestillunknown,althoughtherearesomeclues,saysanalyticalchemistIlariaDegano.“Fromtakingwiththemuseumkeeperweknewthereweresomefruitysmellsinthedisplaycases,”shesays.Deganoandhercolleaguesplacedvariousartefacts(人工制品)insideplasticbagsforseveraldaystocollectsomeofthechemicalsubstancestheyreleased.Thentheteamusedaspecialmachinetoidentifythecomponentsofthesmellsfromeachartefact.Theyfoundsomechemicalsassociatedwithdriedfish,andsomechemicalscommoninfruits.Thefindingswillfeedintoalargerprojecttoreanalysethetomb’scontentsandproduceamorecomprehensivepictureofburialcustomsfornon-royalsthatexistedwhenKhaandMeritdied,about70yearsbeforeTutankhamunbecametheEgyptianruler.Asidefromshowingmoreaboutpastcivilizations,ancientsmellscouldmakemuseumvisitsmoreinviting.Usually,peopleadmireexhibitswiththeireyesinmuseums.“Smellisarelativelyunexploredgatewaytothecollectivepastformuseumvisitors,”saysCeciliaBembibreatUniversityCollegeLondon.“Ithasthepotentaltoallowustoexperiencetheinamoreemotional,personalway,throughournose.”13.Whatcanwedescribethe1906discoveryofKhaandMerit’tombas?A.AlandmarkinEgyptology. B.Aturningpointinhumanhistory.C.Abreakthroughinarchaeology. D.Amirrorofancientnon-royallife.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“temptation”meaninparagraph3?A.Pressure. B.Ambition. C.Desire. D.Tendency.15.Deganoandhercolleaguesplacedthingsinsideplasticbagsto.A.protectthemfromharm B.gathertheirsmellsC.testthespecialmachine D.backupalargerproject16.WhatcantheancientsmellsdoformuseumvisitorsaccordingtoBembibre?A.Theybringthembacktothepast.B.Theygivethememotionalsupport.C.Theychangetheirviewoncivilizations.D.Theyaddtotheirexperience.【答案】13.A14.C15.B16.D【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹一項對埃及古墓食物罐的研究,研究表明,對氣味的探索可以豐富我們對過去的理解。13.細節(jié)判斷題。根據第二段中“The1906discoveryoftheundisturbedtomb(墓穴)ofKhaandMeritsymbolizedanimportantstageinEgyptology.(1906年發(fā)現的未被破壞的Kha和Merit墓標志著埃及學的一個重要階段)”可知,1906年Kha和Merit墓的發(fā)現是埃及學的里程碑。故選A項。14.詞句猜測題。劃線詞句后文“Thecontentsofmanyofthesecontainersarestillunknown,althoughtherearesomeclues,saysanalyticalchemistIlariaDegano.(分析化學家IlariaDegano說,盡管有一些線索,但許多容器的內容物仍然未知)”說明許多容器沒有被打開,不知道里面的內容,從而推知劃線詞句“Unusuallyforthetime,thearchaeologistwhodiscoveredthetombresistedthetemptationtoopenthesealedcontainersevenaftertheyweresenttotheEgyptianMuseum.(在當時不同尋常的是,發(fā)現陵墓的考古學家抵制住了打開密封容器的temptation,即使這些容器已經被送往埃及博物館)”其中劃線詞匯意思是“想法,欲望”。故選C項。15.細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段中“Deganoandhercolleaguesplacedvariousartefacts(人工制品)insideplasticbagsforseveraldaystocollectsomeofthechemicalsubstancestheyreleased.Thentheteamusedaspecialmachinetoidentifythecomponentsofthesmellsfromeachartefact.(Degano和她的同事們把各種各樣的文物放在塑料袋里幾天,收集它們釋放的一些化學物質。然后,該團隊使用一種特殊的機器來識別每個人工制品的氣味成分)”可知,Degano和她的同事們把東西放在塑料袋里是為了收集它們的氣味。故選B項。16.推理判斷題。根據最后一段中Bembibre所說“Smellisarelativelyunexploredgatewaytothecollectivepastformuseumvisitors.(對于博物館游客來說,嗅覺是通往集體過去的一扇相對未被探索的大門)”以及“Ithasthepotentaltoallowustoexperiencetheinamoreemotional,personalway,throughournose.(它有強大的中音,讓我們通過鼻子以一種更感性、更個人的方式體驗世界)”可推知,古老的氣味有增加博物館游客體驗的作用。故選D項。Passage5(2023上·山東·高二校聯考階段練習)MillionsofBritonsareunawarewhatnutrientstheyneedforahealthybody,withafifthbelievingvitaminC’smainroleistomakeyoumoreintelligent.Astudyof2,000adultsrevealed37%areunsureofwhatvitaminstheirfamiliesneed,while35%admittheydon’treallyknowwhatdifferentnutrientsactuallydo.Nearlyathirddon’tconsidervitaminCtobeessentialforahealthybody,withlessthanhalfawarethatithelpstokeepskinhealthy,while33%areunawareoftheimportanceofvitaminD,andthesamenumberthinkyoucouldgetitsimplybyeatingorganicfruitorvegetablegrowninasunnycountry.Asaresult,45%don’tthinktheyaregettingallthevitaminsandmineralstheyneedfromtheirdiets.Italsofoundthatonlyhalfofparentsareconfidenttheyknowthenutrientstheirchildrenshouldbeconsuming.MikelleMcCoin,ConsultantDietitianattheGladstoneInstituteofCardiovascularDisease,said,“Humansneeddifferentvitaminsandmineralsfortheirbodytocontinuetofunctionhealthily,butthesecanvarydependingonyourage.ChildrenknownaspickyeatersmaybenefitfromamorecomprehensivevitaminsupplementwhichincludesironandBvitamins,astheseareparticularlyimportantforgrowthanddevelopment.Andwhentheyareatschoolage,brain

functionandimmunityarethemostimportantforparents.Astheygrowintoteenagers,theirnutritionalneedsarehighastheyhitgrowthandadolescence.Butevenasanadult,thecomponentsofyourneedscanchange—especiallyduringpregnancyorasyoureachmiddleageoroldage.”Thestudyalso

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