2025年高二英語寒假銜接（外研版）專題05核心知識(shí)點(diǎn)+題型練習(xí)選擇性必修一復(fù)習(xí)解析版

專題05核心知識(shí)點(diǎn)和題型訓(xùn)練（選擇性必修一）復(fù)習(xí)考點(diǎn)聚焦：核心考點(diǎn)+小考考點(diǎn)，有的放矢重點(diǎn)速記：知識(shí)點(diǎn)和關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)梳理，查漏補(bǔ)缺難點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化：難點(diǎn)內(nèi)容標(biāo)注與講解，能力提升學(xué)以致用：真題感知+提升專練，全面突破1.核心詞匯2.重點(diǎn)短語3.長(zhǎng)難句分析4.題型訓(xùn)練核心詞匯核心詞匯1.moodn.心情2.amusementn.娛樂，消遣3.entertainv.使快樂4.examinev.檢查（身體）5.essentialadj.極其重要的，必不可少的6.deservev.應(yīng)得，應(yīng)受到7.interactionn.交流8.fellown.男人，家伙9.conceptn.概念，觀念10.whisperv.悄聲說，低語11.concludev.結(jié)束，終止12.composern.作曲家13.pacen.速度，進(jìn)度14.rarelyadv.很少，難得15.rejectionn.拒絕，否決16.neverthelessadv.然而，不過17.classicn.名著；經(jīng)典作品18.guaranteev.保證，確保19.outcomen.結(jié)果，后果20.worthwhileadj.重要的，值得做的21.enthusiasticadj.熱心的，熱衷的22.appreciativeadj.感激的23.worthyadj.值得尊敬的；值得贊賞的24.permanentadj.長(zhǎng)久的，永久的25.embarrassedadj.難堪的，尷尬的26.expectationn.預(yù)料，預(yù)期27.remarkableadj.非凡的，不尋常的28.vividadj.生動(dòng)的，逼真的29.assignv.分配，分派30.opponentn.對(duì)手31.defeatv.戰(zhàn)勝，打敗32.cooperationn.合作，協(xié)作33.intenseadj.緊張的，激烈的34.motionn.動(dòng)，運(yùn)動(dòng)35.abstractadj.抽象的36.innovativeadj.新穎的，創(chuàng)新的37.trendn.趨勢(shì)，動(dòng)向38.contrastn.反差，對(duì)比39.literallyadv.根據(jù)字面意思40.distinctadj.清晰的；明顯不同的41.distantadj.遙遠(yuǎn)的42.samplen.樣本43.suspectv.猜想，懷疑，覺得44.generatev.產(chǎn)生，創(chuàng)造45.characteristicn.特征，特性46.declinev.減少47.blamev.責(zé)怪，指責(zé)48.primitiveadj.原始的，低等的49.detectv.發(fā)現(xiàn)，察覺50.linkv.把……聯(lián)系起來；連接51.massiveadj.巨大的52.delicateadj.脆弱的53.splendidadj.壯麗的54.leisuren.空閑，閑暇55.wanderv.徘徊56.disturbv.干擾，擾亂57.favourn.支持，贊同58.preferencen.優(yōu)先（權(quán)）59.negotiableadj.可協(xié)商的60.qualificationn.技能條件，資格【考點(diǎn)再現(xiàn)】單詞拼寫1.Don’tspendyourvacationisaplacewhereeverythingistooexpensivetomaintainapositive_____.(心情)2.Theteacher_________（使快樂）thestudentsforhourswithstoriesinordertocheerthemup.3.Thedoctor_______（檢查）herbutcouldfindnothingwrongexceptthatshewasinabadmood.4.I_______（很少）havetimetothinkabouthowtodealwithabadmoodatwork.5.Likethoseearlydaysforemployers,Ifacedalotof________（拒絕）andfrustrations.6.Hewasemotionalinsuchanawkwardsituation._______（然而），hesucceededinholdingbackhisemotions.7.Thelinguist’smanuscriptshouldbe_________（保證）tobesafelyshiftedtoanotherlibrary.8.Theplanofthecooperationhassucceededbeyondour___________.（預(yù)期）9.Therewillalwaysbesomeonewhowantstodestroyyour______（自信）andmakeyoudoubtyourdreamofbecomingarealwarrior.10.Thecomposerincludedsome_______（民間的）musicelementsinhisnewsong.11.Theessaywasfullofcomplicated______.(引語)12.Theoutlineoftheshipbecamemore________（清晰的）.13.Somephrasescannotjustbetranslated________（根據(jù)字面意思）,forexample,“l(fā)ongface”,whichactuallymeansunhappy.14.Atechnicianmustbefullofideasof_________（創(chuàng)新）tobeoutstandingintheintensecompetition.15.Therootsoftheplantareextremely________（脆弱的）andcanbedamagedbypollutedwater.16.Touristsfromallovertheworldcometoseethe_________（壯麗的）sceneryoftheplateau.17.Antelopesareeatinggrassattheir________（閑暇）intheboundlessstretchofthegrassland.18.Thefellow________（徘徊）aimlesslyaroundthestreets.19.Theeconomyofthecountryhasrisen______（平穩(wěn)地）inthepasttwoyears.20.Theeffectoftheemissionsofcarbondioxideontheenvironmentis________（巨大的）.【答案】1.mood2.entertained3.examined4.rarely5.rejections6.nevertheless7.guaranteed8.expectation9.self-belief10.folk11.quotes12.distinct13.literally14.innovation15.delicate16.splendid17.leisure18.wandered19.steadily20.massive必背短語必背短語1.lookthrough瀏覽，快速查看2.cheerup使高興起來，使振作起來3.concentrateon集中注意力于；全神貫注于4.takeoff飛機(jī)起飛；開始成功5.takeaway帶走，拿走6.makesense有意義，有道理7.throwlighton使容易理解8.fallbehind不能按時(shí)完成工作9.have…incommonwith…與……有共同之處10.struggletodosth.努力/爭(zhēng)取做某事11.haveaneffecton對(duì)……有影響12.comeacross偶然遇見，偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)13.teamupwith與……合作，與……協(xié)作14.afarcryfrom與……大不相同15.attach…to…把……固定在……上16.giveway倒塌，向下垮17.followinone’sfootsteps仿效某人；繼承某人18.carryon繼續(xù)；進(jìn)行19.endup結(jié)果為……，以……結(jié)束20.setout開始，著手；出發(fā)，動(dòng)身21.payoff取得成功，奏效22.inspiresb.todosth.激勵(lì)/鼓舞某人做某事23.passdown把……傳給后人；把……往下傳24.bringout使顯現(xiàn)，使表現(xiàn)出25.betiredfrom因……而疲倦26.beamazedby對(duì)……感到驚奇27.makeup組成；構(gòu)成；編造；化妝28.avarietyof各種各樣的29.beaccessibleto可以進(jìn)入；可以使用；可以接近30.upto達(dá)到；勝任；由……決定31.datebackto起源于；追溯到32.answerthecall響應(yīng)號(hào)召；接電話33.cometoexist開始存在34.adaptto適應(yīng)35.beharmfulto對(duì)……有害36.atone’sleisure空閑時(shí)37.bring…tolife使……更有趣；使……更生動(dòng)38.beconcernedabout關(guān)心；掛念39.highlighttheimportanceof強(qiáng)調(diào)……的重要性40.infavorof支持，贊同【考點(diǎn)再現(xiàn)】根據(jù)語境及漢語提示填入合適的短語1．Itwasyourencouragementandsupportthat__________________(使我振作起來)andhelpedmegetthroughthehardtimes.2．Ifthedataisstatisticallyvalid,itwill(使較容易理解)theproblemweareinvestigating.3．Ican'tbelieveheaskedmeaboutprivatequestionsinfrontofthewholeoffice.Hereally___________________________(使我難堪)．4．Whatdogreatscientists(有……共同點(diǎn))?5．Thebeautifulplaceis(與……大不相同)wheremanyofthemlive.6．a(chǎn)recentphotograph(把……附在)yourapplicationform.7．Theoldhouse(倒塌)andmanypeopleweretrappedundertheruins.8．Aftergraduation,LiuGangdecidedto(追隨他祖父的腳步)andworkonthefamilyfarm.9．Thegovernment_____________________(開始做)makenecessaryreformsrecentlytoraisepeople'slivingstandards.10．WethoughtJohnwoulddowell,buthehassucceeded(超出了我們的預(yù)期)．11．YangLiping'sdancecomesfromthetraditionalbeliefoftheDaipeopleandaimsto(展示)theDaiwomen'sbeauty.12．Wedidn'taskforallthechallengesthatweface,butwe'redeterminedto_____________(響應(yīng)號(hào)召)tomeetthem.13．Thiskindofplant(產(chǎn)生)onEarthmillionsofyearsago.14．Aslongaspeoplehaveabeliefandpursuesomething,theycanendureanyhardshipand____________________(適應(yīng))anyenvironment.15．Theislandofferssuch(各種各樣的)sceneryandwildlifethatitattractsmanytourists.16.AgroupofTibetanantelopesismovingunderthebridge,withsomestoppingtoeatgrass____________________(悠閑地).17.Waterbirdsplayinginthelake,andcattleandsheepwanderingthegrasslandsthescenery(使……更生動(dòng)).18.Witheveryoneseated,theheadteacherbeganthemeeting,(強(qiáng)調(diào)……的重要性)self-disciplineforseniorhighstudents.19.Thiscompany(由……組成)morethantwentybranchesalloverthecountryin2021.20.Weareall(支持)spendingwhateverisnecessarytofightairpollution.【答案】1.cheeredmeup2.throwlighton3.putmeonthespot4.haveincommon5.afarcryfrom6.Attachto7.gaveway8.followinhisgrandfather’sfootsteps9.hassetoutto10.beyondourexpectations11.bringout12.answerthecall13.cametoexist14.adaptto15.avarietyof16.attheirleisure17.bringtolife18.highlightingtheimportanceof19.wasmadeupof20.infavourof重點(diǎn)句式重點(diǎn)句式1.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型教材原句Althoughit’sthedoctorsandnurseswhowilltreatherinjury,it’smyjobtomakeherfeelbetter.盡管為她治療傷痛的是醫(yī)生和護(hù)士，但讓她的心情變好則是我的工作。句式仿寫__________________________________kindledherinterestinmusic.是她的老師激發(fā)了他對(duì)音樂的興趣。2.部分否定教材原句Achievingapositivestateofmindisn’teasyforeveryone.達(dá)到積極的形態(tài)并非對(duì)每個(gè)人來說都是容易的。句式仿寫_________________actsthesameinresponsetoevents.并非每個(gè)人對(duì)事件的反應(yīng)都一樣。3.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)教材原句Theresponsefromapublishercomesbackandthewritereagerlyopensandreadsit,theirheartssinkingwhentheyreachthatfinalsentence.出版商給了回信，作家急切地拆開來讀，但讀到這最后一句，心隨即跌落谷底。句式仿寫__________________________,hefeltrelaxed.問題解決了，他感覺輕松了。4.with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)教材原句HarryPotterbecameaglobalsuccess,withover400millionbookssoldandtranslatedintomorethanseventydifferentlanguages.《哈利·波特》后來在全球大獲成功，銷量超過4億冊(cè)，被翻譯成了70多種不同的語言。句式仿寫With_____________,Ihadtotakeataxi.有這么多行李要拿，我不得不乘坐出租車。5.“only+狀語”位于句首引起的部分倒裝教材原句OnlywhendarknesshadagaindescendeduponmeshouldIrealizehowmuchIhadleftunseen.只有當(dāng)黑暗再次降臨時(shí)，我才意識(shí)到，我還有那么多沒有看到。句式仿寫Onlywhenwefollowthelawsofnature______________________________.只有當(dāng)我們遵守自然法則時(shí)我們才能更好地與大自然和諧相處。6.that引導(dǎo)地同位語從句教材原句StephenCurryislivingproofthatwhatotherpeoplethinkofyoudoesnothavetoinfluencewhatyoubecome.斯蒂芬?guī)炖镆采鷦?dòng)地證明了別人對(duì)你的看法并不一定會(huì)影響你成為什么人。句式仿寫Theyweredelightedat__________________theirteamhadwon.當(dāng)聽到他們球隊(duì)獲勝的消息時(shí)，他們欣喜若狂。7.過去分詞（短語）作狀語教材原句Ledbywell-knownChinesevolleyballplayerandcoachLangPing,theyhavecontinuedtoaimhigh.作為知名的前中國(guó)女排運(yùn)動(dòng)員和中國(guó)女排總教練，郎平帶領(lǐng)著隊(duì)員們不斷力爭(zhēng)上游。句式仿寫_______________________,thegirlsaidthatshewantedtobeateacher.當(dāng)被問到未來的計(jì)劃時(shí)，這個(gè)女孩說她想成為一名教師。8.不定式作主語教材原句TolistentoTan’smusicistoexperienceamixofChinesemusicaltraditionsandWesterninfluences.欣賞譚盾的音樂，就是在感受中國(guó)音樂傳統(tǒng)和西方影響的交融。句式仿寫________________istobelieve.眼見為實(shí)。9.sothat引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句教材原句Scientistshopetolearnmoreaboutthisplantwarningsystem,sothatwecanuseittogrowcropswithoutpesticides.科學(xué)家希望能進(jìn)一步了解這種植物警報(bào)系統(tǒng)，從而將其應(yīng)用于種植不用使用農(nóng)藥的農(nóng)作物。句式仿寫Parentsandchildrenshouldcommunicatemoretonarrowthegapbetweenthem________________________understandeachotherbetter.父母和孩子應(yīng)該多交流，縮小他們之間的代溝，一邊更好地理解彼此。10.eventhough/evenif引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句教材原句Eventhoughtheownerofthecompanyguaranteesthatthedesignwillbeinharmonywithitsbeautifulsurroundings,thelocalpeoplearestillconcernedthatthehotelmayuseupnaturalresources.雖然該公司老板保證設(shè)計(jì)將與周圍優(yōu)美地環(huán)境相協(xié)調(diào)，但當(dāng)?shù)厝巳匀粨?dān)心酒店會(huì)耗盡自然資源。句式仿寫___________________weachievedgreatsuccessinourwork,weshouldnotbeproud.盡管在工作中取得了巨大成功，我們也不應(yīng)該驕傲。【答案】1.Itwasherteacherwho/that2.Noteveryone3.Theproblemsolved4.somuchbaggagetocarry5.canwebettergetalongwithit6.thenewsthat7.Askedherfutureplans8.Tosee9.sothattheycan10.Evenif/though題型訓(xùn)練題型訓(xùn)練閱讀理解AAnimportantdevelopmentinforensicscience,thescientificmethodsusedforfindingoutaboutacrime,hascomefromcooperativeeffortsbetweenresearchersatShanghaiNormalUniversityinChinaandtheUniversityofBathintheUK.Theteamworkhasledtothecreationofawater-solublefluorescentspray(水溶性熒光噴霧)thatsignificantlyadvancedthedetectionofpossiblefingerprints.Unliketraditionalmethodsthatofteninvolvetheuseofpoisonousorenvironmentallyharmfulchemicals,thisinnovativesprayoffersasaferandgreenerchoice.Bytargetingtheinvisibleprintsleftbehindbysweatoroilonsurfaces,thesprayquicklymakesthemvisiblewithinseconds,promotingconvenienceandspeedinforensicinvestigations.Accordingtoresearchers,itswatersolubilityfurtherimprovesitsapplicability,allowingforadaptableusedirectlyatcrimescenes.Detectinglatent(hidden)fingerprints(LFPs)isimportantinforensicscience,buttheirinvisiblenatureposeschallenges.Traditionalmethodslikepowderdustingandchemicalshavelimitationsinspeedandsafety.UsingthefluorescencepropertiesofGreenFluorescentProtein(GFP),theresearchershavedevelopedtwodistinctdyes(染料)—LFP-YellowandLFP-Redtoaddressthesechallenges.Thesedyesexhibitan“off-on”fluorescenceresponseupondifferentpartsofLFPs,byselectivelyattachingtosmallelementspresentinfingerprints.Underbluelight,theygiveoutasoftfluorescentlight,enablingeasydetection.Developedfromjellyfish(水母；海蜇),GFPservesasabiologicalbasisforthesedyes,ensuringtheydonotaffectthefollowingDNAanalysisofthefingerprints.Accordingtoresearchers,applyingthesedyesinvolvesafinespray,whichpreventsdamagingspotsandoffersacleanerway,comparedtotraditionalmethods.Itworksperfectlyevenonroughsurfaceslikebrick,wherecollectingfingerprintscanbeparticularlyarduous.“Thissystemcanevenbeusedonfingerprintsthatareaweekold.Havingtwodifferentcolorsavailablemeansthespraycanbeusedondifferentcoloredsurfaces.We’rehopingtoproducemorecolorsinthefuture.We’relookingforcooperationwithvariouscompaniestobringthedyestomarketforwideavailability.Additionally,ongoingresearchanddevelopmenteffortswillbeneededtocontinuetoimprovetheirproducts,”saidProfessorTonyJames,fromtheUniversityofBath.1．Whatistheadvantageofthenewsprayoverpreviousmethods?A．It’smoreaccurateandapplicable. B．It’smoreeffectiveandeco-friendly.C．It’scolorfulandeasytoproduce. D．It’scleanerandconvenienttocarry.2．HowdothetwodyesmakeLFPsvisible?A．ByhelpingcollectandanalyzetheDNAofthem.B．Byattachingtothemandexhibitingthemasfluorescentlight.C．Bytakinginfluorescenceandreflectingbluelighttothem.D．Byslowingdownthefluorescenceresponseoffingerelements.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“arduous”meaninthefifthparagraph?A．Practical. B．Fruitful. C．Debatable. D．Difficult.4．WhatdoTonyJames’wordsintendtosayaboutthespray?A．Itslimitationsonfingerprints’existencetimewillberemoved.B．Itwillbeappliedtovariousfieldsinthefuture.C．Itsimprovementcanpromiseabrighterfuture.D．ItcouldreplaceDNAanalysisinforensics.【答案】1．B2．B3．D4．C【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了中英兩國(guó)研究人員合作開發(fā)的一種新型水溶性熒光噴霧在指紋檢測(cè)中的應(yīng)用及其優(yōu)勢(shì)。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Unliketraditionalmethodsthatofteninvolvetheuseofpoisonousorenvironmentallyharmfulchemicals,thisinnovativesprayoffersasaferandgreenerchoice.(與傳統(tǒng)方法常常使用有毒或?qū)Νh(huán)境有害的化學(xué)物質(zhì)不同，這種創(chuàng)新的噴霧提供了一個(gè)更安全、更環(huán)保的選擇)”及第三段中“Bytargetingtheinvisibleprintsleftbehindbysweatoroilonsurfaces,thesprayquicklymakesthemvisiblewithinseconds,promotingconvenienceandspeedinforensicinvestigations.(通過針對(duì)留在表面的汗液或油脂留下的隱形指紋，這種噴霧能在幾秒鐘內(nèi)迅速使它們顯現(xiàn)出來，從而提高了犯罪現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)查的便利性和速度)”可知，與傳統(tǒng)方法相比，這種新型噴霧更安全、更環(huán)保，而且可以在幾秒內(nèi)使指紋顯現(xiàn)出來，更有效率。故選B。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“UsingthefluorescencepropertiesofGreenFluorescentProtein(GFP),theresearchershavedevelopedtwodistinctdyes(染料)—LFP-YellowandLFP-Redtoaddressthesechallenges.Thesedyesexhibitan‘off-on’fluorescenceresponseupondifferentpartsofLFPs,byselectivelyattachingtosmallelementspresentinfingerprints.Underbluelight,theygiveoutasoftfluorescentlight,enablingeasydetection.(利用綠色熒光蛋白的熒光特性，研究人員開發(fā)了兩種不同的染料——LFP-Yellow和LFP-Red，以應(yīng)對(duì)這些挑戰(zhàn)。這兩種染料在與指紋中的微小元素選擇性結(jié)合后，對(duì)隱性指紋的不同部分表現(xiàn)出‘關(guān)閉-開啟’的熒光反應(yīng)。在藍(lán)光照射下，它們發(fā)出柔和的熒光，使得指紋易于檢測(cè))”可知，這兩種染料通過與指紋中的小元素結(jié)合，并在藍(lán)光下發(fā)出柔和的熒光，從而使?jié)撛谥讣y可見。故選B。3．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第五段中“Accordingtoresearchers,applyingthesedyesinvolvesafinespray,whichpreventsdamagingspotsandoffersacleanerway,comparedtotraditionalmethods.Itworksperfectlyevenonroughsurfaceslikebrick,wherecollectingfingerprintscanbeparticularlyarduous.(據(jù)研究人員介紹，使用這些染料時(shí)采用的是細(xì)噴霧的方式，這可以防止損壞指紋，并且相比傳統(tǒng)方法更為清潔。即使在磚塊等粗糙表面上，這種方法也能完美工作，而在這些表面上收集指紋通常是arduous)”可知，這種噴霧可以避免指紋被破壞而且更加干凈，磚塊表面粗糙，這種試劑在磚塊表面上也可以讓人順利采集指紋，而在這樣粗糙的表面上收集指紋應(yīng)該是困難的，故可推知arduous意為“困難的”。故選D。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中TonyJames的話：“We’relookingforcooperationwithvariouscompaniestobringthedyestomarketforwideavailability.Additionally,ongoingresearchanddevelopmenteffortswillbeneededtocontinuetoimprovetheirproducts(我們正在尋求與各類公司合作，將這些染料推向市場(chǎng)，以實(shí)現(xiàn)廣泛供應(yīng)。此外，持續(xù)的研究和開發(fā)工作將是必要的，以不斷改進(jìn)這些產(chǎn)品)”可推知，TonyJames表達(dá)了對(duì)未來進(jìn)一步改進(jìn)和推廣這種噴霧的期望，TonyJames的話想說的是這種噴霧的改進(jìn)可以帶來一個(gè)更光明的未來。故選C。BWhenyouaccomplishsomethingamazing—likeearningapromotion,finishingayearlongprojectorfinallypayingoffyourcreditcarddebts—you’dthinkaburstofhappinesswouldbefollowedbyrelief.Youcanevenrelaxalittle.Right?Notforeveryone.It’sactuallynotunusualtofeelmoreanxiousfollowinggoodnewsorhard-earnedsuccessthanyoudowhenyou’reputtingoutfiresorworkinghard.“Anxietycanbeabittricky,asit’saresponsethat’shard-wiredintothebrain,”saidCarlaMarieManly,aCalifornia-basedclinicalpsychologistandauthorofJoyfromFear.“Thebrain’sfearcircuit(回路)worksveryquickly,anditdoesn’talwaysstoptotellthedifferencebetweengoodanxietyandbad.So,whensomethinggoodhappens,thephysicalsymptomsyoufeelaresimilartothosethatyouassociatewithpanicorfear.”Therearesomethingsyoucandowhenaccomplishingsomethingpositivetriggers(觸發(fā))moreanxiety.Butevenwhenyouareabletodistinguishbetweenfeelingsofexcitement(goodstress)andpanic(badstress)aftersuccess,theclimbdownfromMountEuphoriacanbeananxietytriggerinitself.Whenyourbodybecomesaccustomedtoalong-timestateofanxiety,thepositivephysiologicalchangesthathappenaftergoodnewscantriggerthesensethatsomethingisn’tright—simplybecauseyou’renotusedtofeelinggood.Thisreactionmayalsobeworsebecauseofapotentialbeliefthatthegoodeventwillprobablybefollowedbysomethingbad—perhapsbecause,inthepast,badthingsthathavehappenedtoyouoftenoccurredwhenyouweredoingwellorthingswererelativelycalm,saidJoEckler,aTexas-basedclinicalpsychologistandauthorofICan’tFixYou—BecauseYou’reNotBroken.Insteadofenjoyingthemoment,youspendthattimewaitingfortheothershoetodrop.5．Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A．Badnewsusuallyresultsinanxiety. B．Sometimes,successmaycontributetomoreanxiety.C．Feelingshavenothingtodowithsuccess. D．Apromotionissuretomakepeopleexcited.6．WhatleadspeopletobeanxiouswhensomethinggoodhappensaccordingtoManly?A．Therateofpeople’sbrainreaction. B．Theabilitytodistinguishfeelings.C．Theworkingspeedofthebrain’sfearcircuit. D．Thenumberofgoodthingsthathappen.7．WhichofthefollowingisstatedbyJoEckler?A．Nothingcanpreventpeople’sanxietyafterhappiness.B．It’stimeforpeopletoforgetbadthingsthathappenedinthepast.C．Anxietyhappensaftersuccessforpeopleaccustomedtofeelingbad.D．Theworryaboutbadfutureeventscanmakepeoplefeelmoreanxious.8．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．HowtoDealwithAnxietyinLife.B．HowtoFeelMuchHappierAfterAnxiety.C．WhyYouGetMoreAnxiousAfterGoodNewsHappens.D．TheReasonsforBeingAfraidSomethingGoodWillHappen.【答案】5．B6．C7．D8．C【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要探討了為什么人們?cè)诤孟⒒虺晒χ蠓炊鴷?huì)感到更加焦慮的現(xiàn)象。文章通過引用心理學(xué)家和臨床心理學(xué)家的觀點(diǎn)，解釋了這一現(xiàn)象背后的原因，并指出了一些應(yīng)對(duì)策略。5．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“It’sactuallynotunusualtofeelmoreanxiousfollowinggoodnewsorhard-earnedsuccessthanyoudowhenyou’reputtingoutfiresorworkinghard.(實(shí)際上，在好消息或來之不易的成功之后感到比救火或努力工作時(shí)更加焦慮并不罕見)”可知，成功有時(shí)反而會(huì)導(dǎo)致更多的焦慮。故選B。6．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Thebrain’sfearcircuit(回路)worksveryquickly,anditdoesn’talwaysstoptotellthedifferencebetweengoodanxietyandbad.So,whensomethinggoodhappens,thephysicalsymptomsyoufeelaresimilartothosethatyouassociatewithpanicorfear.(大腦的恐懼回路工作得非?？?，它并不總是停下來區(qū)分好的焦慮和壞的焦慮。所以，當(dāng)好事發(fā)生時(shí)，你感受到的身體癥狀與你與恐慌或恐懼相關(guān)的癥狀相似)”可知，大腦恐懼回路的工作速度很快，無法區(qū)分好的焦慮和壞的焦慮，所以當(dāng)好事發(fā)生時(shí)，人們會(huì)感到焦慮。故選C。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Thisreactionmayalsobeworsebecauseofapotentialbeliefthatthegoodeventwillprobablybefollowedbysomethingbad—perhapsbecause,inthepast,badthingsthathavehappenedtoyouoftenoccurredwhenyouweredoingwellorthingswererelativelycalm.(這種反應(yīng)也可能因?yàn)橐环N潛在的信念而變得更糟，即好事之后可能會(huì)跟著壞事發(fā)生——也許是因?yàn)?，在過去，發(fā)生在你身上的壞事往往發(fā)生在你做得很好或事情相對(duì)平靜的時(shí)候)”可知，JoEckler認(rèn)為對(duì)不好的未來事件的擔(dān)憂會(huì)讓人感到更加焦慮。故選D。8．主旨大意題。文章第一段講述了有時(shí)候成功反而會(huì)導(dǎo)致更多的焦慮，第二段解釋了大腦恐懼回路的工作速度很快，無法區(qū)分好的焦慮和壞的焦慮，所以當(dāng)好事發(fā)生時(shí)，人們會(huì)感到焦慮，第三段講述了一些應(yīng)對(duì)方法，第四段解釋了另一個(gè)導(dǎo)致焦慮的原因，即對(duì)不好的未來事件的擔(dān)憂。由此可知，本文主要講的是為什么人們?cè)诼牭胶孟⒑髸?huì)感到更加焦慮，所以選項(xiàng)C“為什么好消息發(fā)生后你會(huì)更加焦慮”最符合文章主旨，可作為標(biāo)題。故選C。二、七選五Peopleareconstantlybombarded(轟炸)withunrealisticandpotentiallyharmfulimagesof“ideal”bodytypes.1It’salsoimportanttolearnwhatyourbodycanphysicallydoandbecomecomfortable.Inordertoacceptyourbody,it’simportanttogetintouchwithbothoftheseaspectsofyourbodyontheirownterms.2Thismeansnottryingtochangewhoyouareorfocusonqualitiesyoudon’tlike.Learntoenjoyyourbody——howyoumove,feel,andgetaround.Letgoofhowyouusedtolook,especiallyifyourbodyhasundergonechangesfrominjuries,ormedicalconditions.Bekindtoyourbodyasitisrightnow.Replacenegativethoughtswithpositiveones.Assoonasyounoticeyourselfstartingtohaveanegativethought,replaceitwithsomethingpositiveaboutyourself.Giveyourselftimetogetintothehabitofthinkingpositively.Trystartingeachdaybythinkingafewpositivethoughts.3Compareyourselfonlytoyourself.4There’snopointincomparingyourselftoothers,regardlessofwhetherthepersonisacelebrityorclassmatesittingnexttoyou.Instead,compareyourselfintermsofhowyou’veprogressedovertime,nowthatyou’vecreatedyourownrealisticgoals.Forexample,youmightthinktoyourselfthatyou’veimprovedyourappearancecomparedtoafewyearsago.Knowwhentoseekhelp.Understandthatnearlyeveryonestrugglestomaintainpositivebodyimageallthetimeandit’snormaltohaveupsanddowns.5Therearevarioussignsthatyourbodyissuesaresevereandrequireprofessionalhelp.A．Acceptyourbodyasitis.B．Identifywhatyoulikeaboutyourbodyandappearance.C．Negativethoughtsdonothingtoimproveyourself-image.D．Theworldwouldbeaprettyboringplaceifwealllookedthesame.E．Butyoushouldalsohonestlyconsiderifyouneedtospeakwithacounselor,orspecialist.F．Thiscanmakeitdifficulttoaccept,love,andfeelconfidentinyourownbody,whichiscritical.G．Remindyourselfofthesethoughtsthroughoutthedaywhenyoustartfeelingcriticalofyourself.【答案】1．F2．A3．G4．D5．E【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。主要介紹了如何接受和愛護(hù)自己的身體，提出了幾個(gè)實(shí)用的建議，如接受自己身體的現(xiàn)狀、用積極的想法代替消極的想法、只與自己比較以及知道何時(shí)尋求幫助等。1．根據(jù)前文“Peopleareconstantlybombarded(轟炸)withunrealisticandpotentiallyharmfulimagesof“ideal”bodytypes.(人們經(jīng)常被不切實(shí)際的、潛在有害的“理想”體型的形象轟炸)”這句話提到了人們經(jīng)常被不現(xiàn)實(shí)和有害的“理想”體型形象所影響，以及下文“It’salsoimportanttolearnwhatyourbodycanphysicallydoandbecomecomfortable.(了解你的身體能做什么，并感到舒適也很重要)”可知，這句話強(qiáng)調(diào)了接受和了解自己的身體的重要性。由此可知，這兩句話之間存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，且空格處應(yīng)該與上文提到的“理想”體型形象有關(guān)，并指出這種影響帶來的后果，所以F項(xiàng)“這會(huì)讓你很難接受、愛自己的身體，對(duì)自己有信心，這是至關(guān)重要的”承接上文，指出了這種不現(xiàn)實(shí)和有害的“理想”體型形象會(huì)讓人們難以接受和愛自己的身體，對(duì)自己有信心，這與下文提到的接受和了解自己的身體形成對(duì)比，符合語境。故選F項(xiàng)。2．設(shè)空位于段首，為本段中心句，根據(jù)后文“Thismeansnottryingtochangewhoyouareorfocusonqualitiesyoudon’tlike.(這意味著不要試圖改變你是誰，或者專注于你不喜歡的品質(zhì))”可知，這句話提到了不要試圖改變自己或關(guān)注自己不喜歡的品質(zhì)，由此可推測(cè)，本段主要講的是要接受自己現(xiàn)在的樣子。所以A項(xiàng)“接受你現(xiàn)在的身體”直接概括了本段的主題，且與下文內(nèi)容緊密相關(guān)，符合語境。故選A項(xiàng)。3．設(shè)空位于段尾，是對(duì)前文的總結(jié)，根據(jù)前文“Replacenegativethoughtswithpositiveones.Assoonasyounoticeyourselfstartingtohaveanegativethought,replaceitwithsomethingpositiveaboutyourself.Giveyourselftimetogetintothehabitofthinkingpositively.Trystartingeachdaybythinkingafewpositivethoughts.(用積極的想法代替消極的想法。一旦你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己開始有消極的想法，就用關(guān)于自己的積極想法來代替它。給自己時(shí)間養(yǎng)成積極思考的習(xí)慣。試著每天開始時(shí)想一些積極的想法)”可知，這段話提到了用積極的想法代替消極的想法，并給出了具體的建議。由此可知，空格處應(yīng)該進(jìn)一步說明如何保持這種積極的思考習(xí)慣。所以G項(xiàng)“當(dāng)你開始對(duì)自己感到挑剔時(shí)，一整天都要提醒自己這些想法”承接上文，給出了保持積極思考習(xí)慣的具體方法，即在自己開始挑剔自己時(shí)提醒自己這些積極的想法，符合語境。故選G項(xiàng)。4．根據(jù)本段中心句“Compareyourselfonlytoyourself.(只與自己比較)”以及下文“There’snopointincomparingyourselftoothers,regardlessofwhetherthepersonisacelebrityorclassmatesittingnexttoyou.(把自己和別人比較是沒有意義的，不管這個(gè)人是名人還是坐在你旁邊的同學(xué))”可知，這句話進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)了只與自己比較的重要性，并指出與他人比較是沒有意義的。由此可知，空格處應(yīng)該與只與自己比較有關(guān)，并引出下文的內(nèi)容。所以D項(xiàng)“如果我們都長(zhǎng)得一樣，這個(gè)世界會(huì)變得很無聊”反向說明，自己和他人必然是不同的，與只與自己比較相關(guān)，且能引出下文關(guān)于如何與自己比較的內(nèi)容，符合語境。故選D項(xiàng)。5．根據(jù)上文“Knowwhentoseekhelp.Understandthatnearlyeveryonestrugglestomaintainpositivebodyimageallthetimeandit’snormaltohaveupsanddowns.(知道何時(shí)尋求幫助。要明白幾乎每個(gè)人都在努力保持積極的身體形象，有起有落是正常的)”可知，這段話提到了知道何時(shí)尋求幫助，并指出有起有落是正常的。由此可知，空格處應(yīng)該進(jìn)一步說明在何種情況下需要尋求幫助。所以E項(xiàng)“但你也應(yīng)該誠(chéng)實(shí)地考慮是否需要與顧問或?qū)＜医徽劇背薪由衔?，給出了需要尋求幫助的具體情況，即當(dāng)自己無法應(yīng)對(duì)身體形象問題時(shí)，應(yīng)該考慮與顧問或?qū)＜医徽?，符合語境。故選E項(xiàng)。三、完形填空Ishallneverforgetthosewinters.Theywerethetimeswhenmyfathertraveledthroughthecoldwindstofindmethemedicalinstrumentsthatwouldcorrectmydeformed(畸形的)1.Iwasan2childbecauseIwasbornwithX-shapedlegs.3Iwastheluckiestkidtohaveafatherwhoputinsomuch4tocureme—andwho5succeeded.Myfatherworkedfromsunrisetosunset,tryingto6thosemedicalinstruments.Mymemoriesofchildhoodareofhim7hospitals,tryingtofindtheonethatcouldbuildhisdesigns.Butoneday,myfatherarrivedhomewithapairof8.Thatnight,withgreat9,hefittedtheinstrumentstomylegs.Itmademybonesache,buthetoldmeIwouldhaveto10it,foreighthoursanight,orIwouldneverbeabletowearprettyskirtsorhave11legslikeothergirls.Butashesaidthis,heturnedhisfaceawayand12awaytears.WheneverI13whatmyfatherdid,Ifeelwhathedidshowsthemostselflesscontribution.Today,whenIlookatmystraightandhealthylegs,tearsrun14downmyface.Thewinterwindsarecoldtootherpeople,butbecauseofmyfather,theywillalwaysbe15tome.1．A．legs B．brain C．body D．feet2．A．unhappy B．ugly C．unfortunate D．unaccepted3．A．And B．But C．So D．If4．A．effort B．energy C．pain D．emotion5．A．a(chǎn)ccurately B．rarely C．simply D．eventually6．A．draw B．make C．design D．play7．A．staying B．touring C．leaving D．passing8．A．instruments B．shoes C．gloves D．socks9．A．interest B．a(chǎn)ttention C．patience D．care10．A．see B．bear C．hold D．protect11．A．long B．thin C．beautiful D．super12．A．wiped B．threw C．put D．gave13．A．turndown B．giveout C．takeup D．thinkof14．A．unexpectedly B．smoothly C．fluently D．uncontrollably15．A．bitter B．strong C．cool D．warm【答案】1．A2．C3．B4．A5．D6．C7．B8．A9．D10．B11．C12．A13．D14．D15．D【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者因?yàn)樘焐鶻型腿而感到不幸，但幸運(yùn)的是她的父親不懈努力，最終為她找到了矯正腿部畸形的醫(yī)療器械，使她的腿變得筆直和健康。1．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：那是我父親冒著寒風(fēng)，四處為我尋找能矯正我畸形雙腿的醫(yī)療器械的時(shí)期。A.legs腿；B.brain大腦；C.body身體；D.feet腳。根據(jù)下文“becauseIwasbornwithX-shapedlegs.”可知，作者的父親找醫(yī)療器械是為了矯正作者的腿。故選A。2．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我是一個(gè)不幸的孩子，因?yàn)槲姨焐鶻型腿。A.unhappy不高興的；B.ugly丑陋的；C.unfortunate不幸的；D.unaccepted不被接受的。根據(jù)空后的“bornwithX-shapedlegs.”可知，作者的腿天生是X型的，所以作者是不幸的。故選C。3．考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：但我是最幸運(yùn)的孩子，因?yàn)槲矣幸粋€(gè)如此努力為我治療的父親——而且他最終成功了。A.And并且；B.But但是；C.So所以；D.If如果。根據(jù)空前的“X-shapedlegs”和空后的“Iwastheluckiestkid”可知，上下文之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，需用but連接。故選B。4．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.effort努力；B.energy能量；C.pain疼痛；D.emotion情感。根據(jù)下文“Myfatherworkedfromsunrisetosunset,tryingto6thosemedicalinstruments.”可知，作者的父親為矯正作者的腿付出了很多努力。故選A。5．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.accurately準(zhǔn)確地；B.rarely罕見地；C.simply簡(jiǎn)單地；D.eventually最終。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“mystraightandhealthylegs”可知，父親努力矯正作者的腿，最終他成功了。故選D。6．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我的父親從日出工作到日落，試圖制作那些醫(yī)療器械。A.draw畫；B.make制作；C.design設(shè)計(jì)；D.play玩。根據(jù)下文中“tryingtofindtheonethatcouldbuildhisdesigns.”可知，此處指父親試圖設(shè)計(jì)出醫(yī)療器械。故選C。7．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我對(duì)童年的記憶是他巡游醫(yī)院，試圖找到能制作他的設(shè)計(jì)的醫(yī)院。A.staying停留；B.touring巡游；C.leaving離開；D.passing經(jīng)過。根據(jù)空后的“tryingtofindtheonethatcouldbuildhisdesigns.”并結(jié)合語境可知，作者的父親應(yīng)是不斷走訪醫(yī)院，找人制造他的設(shè)計(jì)。故選B。8．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：