第20講-七選五(選修第一冊(cè))(解析版)

第20講七選五1．了解七選五的解題方法與技巧。2．進(jìn)行七選五真題訓(xùn)練。七選五試題給出一篇缺少5個(gè)句子的文章，對(duì)應(yīng)有七個(gè)選項(xiàng)，根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)、內(nèi)容，選出正確的句子，填入相應(yīng)的空白處。該類題型要求從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中（均為完整的句子）選出五個(gè)能填入文章空處的最佳選項(xiàng)，主要考查考生對(duì)文章的整體內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握。其命題形式深受閱讀多項(xiàng)選擇題的影響，體現(xiàn)了《新課標(biāo)》“用英語(yǔ)獲取、處理和運(yùn)用信息的能力；逐步獲取用英語(yǔ)思維的能力。”的閱讀學(xué)習(xí)和教學(xué)理念。七選五和傳統(tǒng)題型完型填空有些類似，雖然完型填空題考查的是詞匯層面，七選五考查的是句子層面，但是它們的考查方式是一樣的，只要考生選擇的答案能夠使行文連貫，符合英文的語(yǔ)法以及習(xí)慣表達(dá)就行，因此，這兩類題型在做題方法上有共同之處。該題型命題形式仍然具有客觀題的特點(diǎn)，又與完形填空具有異曲同工之妙，只是選項(xiàng)少，以句子形式出現(xiàn)，考查目的和側(cè)重點(diǎn)不完全相同而已。從《考試說(shuō)明》對(duì)該題型命題目的的表述“主要考查考生對(duì)文章的整體內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握?！笨梢缘贸鲆韵屡袛啵涸擃}備選項(xiàng)可分為主旨概括句（文章整體內(nèi)容）、過(guò)渡性句子（文章結(jié)構(gòu)）和注釋性句子（上下文邏輯意義）三類。其多余的兩個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)也往往從這三方面進(jìn)行設(shè)置，例如主旨概括句或過(guò)于寬泛或以偏概全或偏離主題，過(guò)渡性句子不能反映文章的行文結(jié)構(gòu)，注釋性句子與上文脫節(jié)等。解題技巧：1.通過(guò)設(shè)題位置判斷（1）段首設(shè)空一般找能概括該段中心意思的選項(xiàng)。（2）段尾設(shè)空一般找能總結(jié)歸納該段的選項(xiàng)。段首、段中、段尾題在文中所起的作用可歸納為下表：挖空位置邏輯關(guān)系具體解讀段首題主旨句常以段落小標(biāo)題或主題句的形式出現(xiàn)。承上啟下句此空處的答案能夠?qū)⑸隙魏拖露蔚膬?nèi)容連貫起來(lái)。段中題例證關(guān)系前后的某句是為了證明另一句而舉的例子。例證的形式具有多樣性，思維過(guò)程基本是歸納(從例子到觀點(diǎn))和推理(從觀點(diǎn)到例子)。常見的表示例證關(guān)系的標(biāo)志詞語(yǔ)有：forexample,forinstance,infact/asamatteroffact,actually,inotherwords/thatistosay等。轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系若空格前后兩句之間是邏輯上的逆轉(zhuǎn)，則空格處很有可能表示轉(zhuǎn)折。表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的標(biāo)志詞語(yǔ)有：but,however,yet,while/though/although,or/otherwise,onthecontrary,instead,nevertheless(然而),still,incontrast/comparison,bycomparison等。因果關(guān)系表示因果關(guān)系的標(biāo)志詞語(yǔ)有：so,therefore,thus,consequently(結(jié)果),asaresult(of),so/such...that...,sothat...等。遞進(jìn)關(guān)系若空格前后兩句之間是邏輯上的層進(jìn)關(guān)系，則空格處很有可能是個(gè)表示遞進(jìn)的句子。表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的標(biāo)志詞語(yǔ)有：too,also,besides,further,furthermore,moreover,likewise,similarly,what'smore,what'sworse,inaddition,aswell,tomakemattersworse,not...but...,notonly...butalso等。并列關(guān)系表示并列關(guān)系的標(biāo)志詞語(yǔ)有：and,first(ly),second(ly);first,then/next;tobeginwith,some...others...;foronething,foranotherthing;then/next,finally/last等。段尾題總結(jié)句用于總結(jié)本段內(nèi)容，常含有總結(jié)性的詞語(yǔ)。承上啟下句此空處的答案能夠?qū)⑸隙魏拖露蔚膬?nèi)容連貫起來(lái)。2.通過(guò)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)判斷當(dāng)設(shè)空處后為逗號(hào)且逗號(hào)后面的句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整時(shí)，可判斷該空應(yīng)為狀語(yǔ)從句。3.根據(jù)語(yǔ)境線索判斷語(yǔ)境線索主要指反映上下文關(guān)系的銜接手段，如篇章結(jié)構(gòu)、詞語(yǔ)重現(xiàn)、邏輯、連接、指代、同構(gòu)等。（1）“詞語(yǔ)重現(xiàn)”不僅指詞語(yǔ)的簡(jiǎn)單出現(xiàn)，而且指某詞語(yǔ)可能以不同詞類、詞性、數(shù)、格、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)等形式出現(xiàn)。（2）“邏輯”指事物之間存在的必然的關(guān)系，包括時(shí)間先后關(guān)系、空間位置關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、歸納總結(jié)關(guān)系、總分關(guān)系等。（3）“指代”是指用代詞代替前文提到過(guò)的人物、事件、物品等，如it，he，she，they等。（4）“同構(gòu)”是指上下文使用同一結(jié)構(gòu)或類似的句子。（2023春·廣東湛江·高二統(tǒng)考階段練習(xí)）Manypeopleimaginethatshadeinagardenisaproblem.ButIbelievewiththerightattitude,inspiration,andideas,eventheshadiestgardencanbecomeabeautifulandabundantspace.Herearemytips:Growingfoodinshade____1____.If,however,yourgardenismoredeeplyshaded,youmaystruggletogrowtraditionalvegetables.Butthisdoesnotmeanthatyoucannotgrowfoodatall.Infact,therearemoreeatableplantsthatgrowwellinshadethanyoumightimagine.____2____Notallshadeareasarethesame.Anditisimportanttounderstandthelevelandtypeofshadethatyouaredealingwithtomaketherightchoicesinyourgarden.Ashadegardencanhavearangeofadvantages.Itmaybemuchcooler.Anditmayfeelmoreprivateandpeacefulthanaveryopenspace.____3____.MakingshadegardenbeautifulAswellasgrowingfoodinashadegarden,youcanalsomakeitabeautifulspace,whichcanattractawiderangeofbeneficialwildlifethroughouttheyear.____4____.Andtrytochoosearangeoffloweringplantstoattractpollinatorsandbeneficialinsectsthroughouttheyear,andtoprovidevisualappealoverasmuchoftheyearaspossible.____5____.Butbycreatingtherightlayoutandchoosingtherightplants,shadecanbecomeanopportunity,ratherthanadisadvantage.A．UnderstandingshadeB．ChoosingdifferentshadesC．FoodgrownintheshadetastesequallydeliciousD．DesigningashadegardendoesrequiresomecarefulthoughtE．Youjusthavetoselectplantsofvariouscolors,shapesandformsF．Inlightshade,youarestillabletogrowarangeofcommonvegetablecropsG．Treesorotherstructureswhichcastshadecanoffersomeprivacyinyourgarden【答案】1．F2．A3．G4．E5．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了合理利用花園樹蔭種植的幾條建議。1．根據(jù)下文“If,however,yourgardenismoredeeplyshaded,youmaystruggletogrowtraditionalvegetables.(然而，如果樹蔭深，可能很難種植傳統(tǒng)蔬菜)”可知，該空和種植蔬菜有關(guān)，并與空后樹蔭深形成轉(zhuǎn)折。F項(xiàng)“在樹蔭較淺處，你仍然可以種植一系列常見的蔬菜作物”符合題意，深色、淺色樹蔭進(jìn)行對(duì)比并提到關(guān)鍵詞vegetables“蔬菜”。故F項(xiàng)正確。2．本空為該段小標(biāo)題。根據(jù)下文“Anditisimportanttounderstandthelevelandtypeofshadethatyouaredealingwithtomaketherightchoicesinyourgarden.(了解你樹蔭的等級(jí)和類型，對(duì)于做出正確的選擇是很重要的)”可知，該空需要和了解樹蔭相關(guān)。A項(xiàng)“了解樹蔭”符合段意。故A項(xiàng)正確。3．根據(jù)上文“Ashadegardencanhavearangeofadvantages.Itmaybemuchcooler.Anditmayfeelmoreprivateandpeacefulthanaveryopenspace.(樹蔭花園有很多好處?？赡軙?huì)涼快得多。它可能會(huì)比一個(gè)非常開放的空間更私密、更寧?kù)o)”可知，該空與樹蔭花園的優(yōu)點(diǎn)有關(guān)。G項(xiàng)“樹木或其他能遮蔭的建筑可以為你的花園提供一些隱私”符合題意。G項(xiàng)正確。4．根據(jù)下文“Andtrytochoosearangeoffloweringplantstoattractpollinatorsandbeneficialinsectsthroughouttheyear,andtoprovidevisualappealoverasmuchoftheyearaspossible.(并盡量選擇一系列開花植物，以吸引全年的傳粉者和益蟲，并在一年中盡可能多地提供視覺(jué)吸引力)”可知，該空和美化花園的選擇有關(guān)。E項(xiàng)“你只需要選擇各種顏色、形狀和形狀的植物”符合句意。故E項(xiàng)正確。5．根據(jù)下文“Butbycreatingtherightlayoutandchoosingtherightplants,shadecanbecomeanopportunity,ratherthanadisadvantage.(但是，通過(guò)合理布局和選擇正確的植物，樹蔭也可以成為優(yōu)勢(shì))”可知，該空應(yīng)填與“設(shè)計(jì)花園”有關(guān)，并且強(qiáng)調(diào)需要合理布局和植物選擇。D項(xiàng)“設(shè)計(jì)遮蔭花園確實(shí)需要一些仔細(xì)的思考”符合題意。故D項(xiàng)正確。（2023春·遼寧·高二校聯(lián)考期中）Everyonewantsaneverlastingrelationshipbutthereareonlyahandfulofpeoplethatarewillingtoputintheworkforit.____6____Let’sdiscusshowyoucanstrengthenit!Today,youwillseealotofmarriagesandrelationshipsbeingended,whyisthat?Peoplewhousedtoloveeachothersodeeplyhavenowcutoffallsortsofcommunicationandevenblockedeachotherfromanywhere.____7____Noonedeservestogothroughthissortofagonywhichiswhywemustenhanceourcommunicationskillsinanykindofrelationship.Inanykindofrelationship,ittakesawhiletobuildandpromotetrust,thatmuchisnatural.____8____Itistruethattrustcannotbebuiltinadaywhichiswhywemuststriveforit.Wehavetobefullyhonestandopenwitheachothersothatwewillbeabletofullytrusteachother.Learntoconfideinyourpartnerandmakethemtrustyou.Everyrelationshipmaycontainloveandcarebutthereisrarelyanyrespectforeachother,andthisleadstoafalloutbetweenthepartners.Itisimperativethatwecommunicatewitheachotheraboutourneedsandwants,thiswillmakeusrespectoneanother.Seemingly,therecouldbeonethingthatisn’trudeordisrespectfulbutwillbeveryhurtfultotheotherperson.____9____Thiswillnourishyourrelationship.____10____However,onceyouareinarelationshipwithsomeone,youhavetorelyonthem.Relyinguponandsupportingeachotherisavitalpartofanyrelationship.Partnerscouldairtheirminds,sharetheirconcernsandemotionswithoutanykindoffear.Communicateabouteverythingwithyourpartner,andseehowthingsgetbetter.A．Itincreasestherespectforeachother.B．Weknowthatbeingindependentandstrongisgreat.C．Communicationisthekeytoalong-lastingrelationship.D．Nocommunicationleadstonorelationshipandviceverse.E．Communicatewitheachotherbutalsorespectthefeelingsoftheotherperson.F．Allofthisresultsinexcruciating(折磨人的)painthatevenexceedsphysicalpain.G．However,trustcannotbebuiltbetweentwopartnersifthereisalackofeffectivecommunication.【答案】6．C7．F8．G9．E10．B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了如何運(yùn)用溝通與其他人建立一段持久的關(guān)系。6．根據(jù)上文“Everyonewantsaneverlastingrelationshipbutthereareonlyahandfulofpeoplethatarewillingtoputintheworkforit.(每個(gè)人都想要一段永恒的關(guān)系，但只有少數(shù)人愿意為此付出努力)”可知，上文告訴我們每個(gè)人都想要一段永恒的關(guān)系，并結(jié)合下文介紹溝通的重要性可知，想要建立一段永恒的關(guān)系溝通是關(guān)鍵。C項(xiàng)意為“溝通是建立持久關(guān)系的關(guān)鍵。”符合題意。故選C。7．根據(jù)上文“Peoplewhousedtoloveeachothersodeeplyhavenowcutoffallsortsofcommunicationandevenblockedeachotherfromanywhere.(曾經(jīng)深愛(ài)著對(duì)方的人現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)切斷了各種溝通，甚至在任何地方都屏蔽了對(duì)方)”可知，上文告訴我們?cè)?jīng)深愛(ài)著對(duì)方的人現(xiàn)在卻斷絕了聯(lián)系，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)意為“所有這些都會(huì)導(dǎo)致極度疼痛，甚至超過(guò)身體疼痛”選項(xiàng)能夠承接上文，曾經(jīng)深愛(ài)著對(duì)方的人現(xiàn)在卻斷絕了聯(lián)系，這會(huì)導(dǎo)致極度疼痛，甚至超過(guò)身體疼痛。故選F。8．根據(jù)上文“Inanykindofrelationship,ittakesawhiletobuildandpromotetrust,thatmuchisnatural.(在任何一種關(guān)系中，建立和促進(jìn)信任都需要一段時(shí)間，這是很自然的)”可知，上文告訴我們建立和促進(jìn)信任需要一段時(shí)間，G項(xiàng)意為“然而，如果缺乏有效的溝通，就無(wú)法在兩個(gè)伙伴之間建立信任”選項(xiàng)與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，建立和促進(jìn)信任需要一段時(shí)間，但如果缺乏有效的溝通，就很難建立信任。故選G。9．根據(jù)上文“Itisimperativethatwecommunicatewitheachotheraboutourneedsandwants,thiswillmakeusrespectoneanother.Seemingly,therecouldbeonethingthatisn’trudeordisrespectfulbutwillbeveryhurtfultotheotherperson.(我們必須相互溝通我們的需求和愿望，這將使我們相互尊重?？雌饋?lái)，可能有一件事既不粗魯也不無(wú)禮，但會(huì)對(duì)另一個(gè)人造成很大傷害)”可知，上文告訴我們相互尊重在建立一段持久關(guān)系上很重要，E項(xiàng)意為“相互溝通，但也要尊重對(duì)方的感受”選項(xiàng)能夠承接上文，進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)了尊重對(duì)方的重要性。故選E。10．根據(jù)下文“However,onceyouareinarelationshipwithsomeone,youhavetorelyonthem.(然而，一旦你和某人建立了關(guān)系，你就必須依賴他們)”可知，下文告訴我們一旦你和某人建立了關(guān)系，你就必須依賴他們，B項(xiàng)意為“我們知道獨(dú)立和強(qiáng)大是很重要的”選項(xiàng)與下文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，雖然獨(dú)立和強(qiáng)大是很重要的，但如果你和某人建立了關(guān)系，你就要學(xué)會(huì)依賴他們。故選B。（2023春·浙江寧波·高二效實(shí)中學(xué)?？计谥校㏕earscanruinmake-up,bringconversationtoastop,andgiveyouarunnynose.____11____However,cryingisafactoflife,andtearsareveryuseful.Evenwhenyou’renotcrying,youreyesproducetears.Thesecreateafilm(薄膜)overtheeye’ssurface.Thisfilmcontainsasubstancethatprotectsyoureyesagainstinfection.Tearsreducestress,butwetendtofightthemforallsortsofreasons.“____12____They’reafraidthatoncetheylosecontrol,they’llnevergetitback,”explainspsychologistDorothyRowe.Almostanyemotion—goodorbad,happyorsad—cancausetears.____13____Tearshelpyouwhenyoufeelyouarereadytoexplodebecauseofverystrongfeelings.Itmayexplainwhypeoplewhoareafraidtocryoftensuffermoreheartattacksthanpeoplewhocrymorefreely.Whensomepeoplebecomeverystressed,however,theycan’tcry.Theymaybefeelingshock,anger,fearorgrief,buttheycontroltheemotion.“Everyonehastheneedtocry,”sayspsychotherapist(精神治療醫(yī)師)VeraDiamond.____14____Theypracticecryingsothattheycangetusedtoexpressingemotion.____15____It’sgoodtoholdbacktearsduringatensebusinessdiscussion.“Butonceyouaresafelybehindcloseddoors,don’tjustcry,”Diamondsays.Shesuggeststhatyouactoutthewholesituationagainandbeasnoisyandangryasyoulike.Itwillhelpyoufeelbetter.“And,”sheadds,“onceyourtearshavereleasedthestress,youcanbegintothinkoflogicalwaystodealwiththeproblem.”Tearsareasignofourabilitytofeel.Youshouldneverbeafraidtocry.A．Peopleworryaboutshowingtheiremotions.B．Themoreyoucry,thehealthieryouwillbecome.C．Cryingisawaythatwereleasebuilt-upemotions.D．Sometimespatientsparticipateincryingexercises.E．Theycanleaveyouembarrassedandwithoutenergy.F．Incertainsituation,suchasatwork,tearsarenotappropriate.G．Manypeoplegetuncomfortablewhenotherscryinfrontofthem.【答案】11．E12．A13．C14．D15．F【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了流淚的好處。11．根據(jù)上文“Tearscanruinmake-up,bringconversationtoastop,andgiveyouarunnynose.(眼淚會(huì)破壞化妝，讓談話停止，讓你流鼻涕)”可知，本句繼續(xù)說(shuō)明眼淚帶給人的負(fù)面影響，E選項(xiàng)They指代Tears。故E選項(xiàng)“它們會(huì)讓你感到尷尬，沒(méi)有活力”符合語(yǔ)境，故選E。12．根據(jù)后文“They’reafraidthatoncetheylosecontrol,they’llnevergetitback(他們害怕一旦失去控制，就再也回不來(lái)了)”可知，本句主要是在說(shuō)明人們因?yàn)閾?dān)心表達(dá)自己的情緒，克制不哭的情況。故A選項(xiàng)“人們擔(dān)心表達(dá)自己的情緒”符合語(yǔ)境，故選A。13．根據(jù)上文“Almostanyemotion—goodorbad,happyorsad—cancausetears.(幾乎任何情緒——好或壞，快樂(lè)或悲傷——都會(huì)讓人流淚)”以及后文“Tearshelpyouwhenyoufeelyouarereadytoexplodebecauseofverystrongfeelings.Itmayexplainwhypeoplewhoareafraidtocryoftensuffermoreheartattacksthanpeoplewhocrymorefreely.(當(dāng)你因?yàn)榉浅?qiáng)烈的感情而感到自己快要爆發(fā)時(shí)，眼淚會(huì)幫助你。這也許可以解釋為什么害怕哭泣的人比那些自由哭泣的人更容易患心臟病)”可知，后文提到害怕哭泣的人比那些自由哭泣的人更容易患心臟病，以及眼淚會(huì)幫助你釋放情緒，故C選項(xiàng)“哭泣是我們釋放累積情緒的一種方式”符合語(yǔ)境，故選C。14．根據(jù)后文“Theypracticecryingsothattheycangetusedtoexpressingemotion.(他們練習(xí)哭泣，這樣他們就能習(xí)慣表達(dá)情感)”可知，本句是在說(shuō)明后文的They指代的是誰(shuí)，

結(jié)合上文提到了精神治療醫(yī)師，可知是病人，故D選項(xiàng)“有時(shí)病人會(huì)參加哭泣練習(xí)”符合語(yǔ)境，故選D。15．根據(jù)后文“It’sgoodtoholdbacktearsduringatensebusinessdiscussion.“Butonceyouaresafelybehindcloseddoors,don’tjustcry,”Diamondsays.Shesuggeststhatyouactoutthewholesituationagainandbeasnoisyandangryasyoulike.Itwillhelpyoufeelbetter.“And,”sheadds,“onceyourtearshavereleasedthestress,youcanbegintothinkoflogicalwaystodealwiththeproblem.”(在緊張的商務(wù)討論中忍住眼淚是件好事。戴蒙德說(shuō)：“但一旦你安全地關(guān)起門來(lái)，不要只是哭?！彼ㄗh你把整個(gè)情況再演一遍，隨心所欲地吵鬧和生氣。這會(huì)讓你感覺(jué)好一些。“而且，”她補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，“一旦你的眼淚釋放了壓力，你就可以開始思考合理的方法來(lái)處理這個(gè)問(wèn)題?！?”可知，后文提到在緊張的商務(wù)討論中忍住眼淚是件好事，說(shuō)明在工作中，流淚是不合適的。故F選項(xiàng)“在某些情況下，比如在工作中，流淚是不合適的”符合語(yǔ)境，故選F。（2023春·遼寧鞍山·高二鞍山一中?？计谥校㊣lovetravelling.OneofmyfondestmemoriesoftraveliswhenIspentafewdaysbackpackinginBucharest,Romania.Anunexpectedactofkindnessfromastrangertrulymademefeelmoved._____16_____ThefirstdayIarrivedinBucharestIhadtotakethebusfromthetrainstationtomyaccommodation.IboardedthebusandfoundoutthatnoneofmycardsworkedandIwasn’tabletobuyaticket._____17_____AlthoughIexplainedthatitwasn’tmyintentionandIhadjustarrivedfromBrasov,theystilldidn’tbelievemeandfinedmefornothavingaticket.Afterdoingsomeresearchonline,IfoundthatmostbusesinBucharestdonotacceptcashoranyformofpaymentonboard.Youhavetopurchaseacardatcertainplacesinthecity,topitupwithmoney,andthenpayonboard._____18_____Youcanusewirelesspaytopurchaseaticket.IwasdelightedafterfindingoutsuchgoodnewsasIdidnotwantanotherfine._____19_____AfterIgotonthebus,IfoundtheticketmachinetobethesameastheoneIhadmetwithonmyfirstdayinBucharest.Itriedinvaineverymethod,includingwirelesspay,ApplePayandcash._____20_____Atthatmoment,akindmiddle-agedmanstandingnexttomehandedmeacard.Iunderstoodthatitwasacardforthebus.Themanpaidformybusride.A．Istartedtopanic.B．Fewthingsseemedtowork.C．Itisstillvividinmymindnow.D．OneplaceIwillneverforgetisRomania.E．Worsestill,Iwasstoppedbypolicemenonthebus.F．However,thebusesconnectingtotheairportsaremoremodern.G．Fastforwardtomylastday,IplannedtotakethebustoBucharestAirport.【答案】16．C17．E18．F19．G20．A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。作者回憶了在羅馬尼亞的布加勒斯特的背包旅行，一個(gè)陌生人出乎意料地幫助了無(wú)法支付公共汽車車費(fèi)的作者，這個(gè)善舉令作者非常感動(dòng)。16．根據(jù)前文“OneofmyfondestmemoriesoftraveliswhenIspentafewdaysbackpackinginBucharest,Romania.Anunexpectedactofkindnessfromastrangertrulymademefeelmoved.（我最美好的旅行回憶之一是我在羅馬尼亞的布加勒斯特背包旅行了幾天。一個(gè)陌生人出乎意料的善舉真的讓我感動(dòng)。）”和下一段中“ThefirstdayIarrivedinBucharestIhadtotakethebusfromthetrainstationtomyaccommodation.（到達(dá)布加勒斯特的第一天，我必須從火車站乘公共汽車到我的住處。）”可知，前文在說(shuō)明羅馬尼亞的布加勒斯特之旅令作者難忘，下一段開始回憶具體的旅行情況，空處需起到銜接的作用，過(guò)渡到下一段的回憶。C項(xiàng)“那件事至今仍歷歷在目?！狈险Z(yǔ)境，其中的“It”指前文的“Anunexpectedactofkindnessfromastranger”，“vividinmymind”可以引起下一段開始的回憶。故選C。17．根據(jù)前文“IboardedthebusandfoundoutthatnoneofmycardsworkedandIwasn’tabletobuyaticket.（我上了公共汽車，發(fā)現(xiàn)我的卡都不能用，我無(wú)法買到票。）”和后文“AlthoughIexplainedthatitwasn’tmyintentionandIhadjustarrivedfromBrasov,theystilldidn’tbelievemeandfinedmefornothavingaticket.（雖然我解釋說(shuō)這不是我的本意，我剛從布拉索夫來(lái)，但他們?nèi)匀徊幌嘈盼?，并因?yàn)槲覜](méi)有票而罰款。）”可知，前文敘述作者遇到了困難，無(wú)法付款買票，后文敘述作者還被罰款，空處需起到銜接的作用，說(shuō)明情況更糟糕了。E項(xiàng)“更糟糕的是，我在公共汽車上被警察攔住了?！狈险Z(yǔ)境，后文的“they”指代其中的“policemen”。故選E。18．根據(jù)前文“Youhavetopurchaseacardatcertainplacesinthecity,topitupwithmoney,andthenpayonboard.（你必須在城市的某些地方買一張卡，充滿錢，然后在車上付款。）”和后文“Youcanusewirelesspaytopurchaseaticket.（你可以用無(wú)線支付買票。）”可知，前文解釋了布加勒斯特的大部分公共汽車付款的方式，后文提到的方式更為方便先進(jìn)，空處應(yīng)該會(huì)有轉(zhuǎn)折，過(guò)渡到后文這種更便捷的方式。F項(xiàng)“然而，連接機(jī)場(chǎng)的公共汽車更加現(xiàn)代化?！狈险Z(yǔ)境，其中的“moremodern”指后文的“usewirelesspay”。故選F。19．根據(jù)后文“AfterIgotonthebus,IfoundtheticketmachinetobethesameastheoneIhadmetwithonmyfirstdayinBucharest.（上車后，我發(fā)現(xiàn)售票機(jī)和我在布加勒斯特第一天遇到的那臺(tái)一樣。）”可知，本段討論旅程中另外一天的事情，空處需從上面段落的內(nèi)容過(guò)渡到這一天。G項(xiàng)“快進(jìn)到我的最后一天，我計(jì)劃乘公共汽車去布加勒斯特機(jī)場(chǎng)?！狈险Z(yǔ)境，呼應(yīng)后文的遭遇。故選G。20．根據(jù)前文“Itriedinvaineverymethod,includingwirelesspay,ApplePayandcash.（我嘗試了各種方法，包括無(wú)線支付、ApplePay和現(xiàn)金，但都徒勞無(wú)用。）”可知，作者之前以為去機(jī)場(chǎng)的公共汽車上可以無(wú)線支付，但是實(shí)際上各種支付方式都不行，結(jié)合第一天就被罰款的經(jīng)歷可以推測(cè)，空處會(huì)敘述作者開始緊張慌亂。A項(xiàng)“我開始恐慌起來(lái)。”符合語(yǔ)境，承接前文。故選A。（2023春·江蘇南京·高二校聯(lián)考期中）Establishinghealthyboundarieswithyourselfwillhelpyoustaywithinyourrangeofcontrolandprioritizewhatmattersmost.Herearesometips.BehonestwithyourselfBehindeveryfancypurchaseisadesireforstatusandrecognition.Yousecretlywanttobenoticedforwearinganewwatchorcarryingadesignerpurse.____21____Sobeforetakingactiontowardsanyattempt,suchasmakinganexpensivepurchaseorpursuingajobpromotion,askyourself,“WhoamIdoingthisfor?”____22____However,ifyouarepursuingsomethingwiththehopesofattractingattention,thenyouneedtosaynotoyourself.Honoryourlimits____23____Tryingtopleaseeveryonemakesyouvulnerable(脆弱的).Thetruthisyouhavelimitedenergyandtime.Itisimportantthatyouarewisewithyourresources.TheimportanceofhonoringyourlimitsishighlightedbytheGreekmythologicalstory.Thestoryisareminderthatpushingyourselftoohardfortoolongultimatelycomesatacost.StopcomparingyourselftoothersPeoplewillengageinbehaviorsthattriggeryou.ItmightbetemptingtoenteranundeclaredcompetitionwiththeJoneses.Thisapproachdoesnotworkbecausethereisalwayssomeoneouttherewhohasmoreofwhatyoudesire.Stopcomparingyourselftoothers.____24____Focusonlivingameaningfullifethatisconsistentwithyourvaluesandgoals.____25____Youarelikelyyourworstcritic.Yousecretlysaythingstoyourselfthatyouwouldneverhavethehearttotellothers.Remembertohaverealisticexpectationsofyourself.Whenyousetgoals,considerwhetheryouhavesetthestandardatareasonablelevel.Ifthegoalisunrealistic,thenyouhavetosaynoandadjustyourexpectations.A．Befairtoyourself.B．Staytruetoyourself.C．Youcan’tbeeverythingforeveryone.D．Therealityisthatyouarenotbeingrecognized.E．Whatsomeoneisdoingwiththeirlifehasnothingtodowithyou.F．Ifapursuitwilltrulyimprovethequalityofyourlife,thengoforit.G．Thesamecanbesaidaboutotherpursuitssuchasaccumulatingwealthandstatus.【答案】21．D22．F23．C24．E25．A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文，本文針對(duì)為自己設(shè)定健康的界限提出了一些建議。21．根據(jù)上文“Behindeveryfancypurchaseisadesireforstatusandrecognition.Yousecretlywanttobenoticedforwearinganewwatchorcarryingadesignerpurse.(你暗地里想要因?yàn)榇髁诵率直砘蚰昧嗣棋X包而引起注意)”以及下文“Sobeforetakingactiontowardsanyattempt,suchasmakinganexpensivepurchaseorpursuingajobpromotion,askyourself,‘WhoamIdoingthisfor?’(因此，在采取任何行動(dòng)之前，比如購(gòu)買昂貴的東西或追求升職，問(wèn)問(wèn)自己：‘我做這些是為了誰(shuí)？’)”可知，上文提到想要用新手表或名牌包而吸引別人注意的行為，下文說(shuō)在購(gòu)買昂貴的東西之前問(wèn)問(wèn)自己是為了誰(shuí)，由此說(shuō)明上文想要用昂貴的東西吸引別人的行為不奏效，D項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)實(shí)是你沒(méi)有被認(rèn)出來(lái)”符合語(yǔ)境，故選D。22．根據(jù)下文“However,ifyouarepursuingsomethingwiththehopesofattractingattention,thenyouneedtosaynotoyourself.(然而，如果你是為了吸引別人的注意而追求某件事，那么你需要對(duì)自己說(shuō)不)”可知，空處與下文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應(yīng)是描述可以去追求的情況，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“如果一種追求真的能提高你的生活質(zhì)量，那就去追求吧”符合語(yǔ)境，故選F。23．根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題“Honoryourlimits(尊重你的極限)”下文“Tryingtopleaseeveryonemakesyouvulnerable(脆弱的).(試圖取悅每個(gè)人會(huì)讓你變得脆弱)”可知，此處是描述要尊重自己的極限的原因，C項(xiàng)“你不可能成為所有人的一切”符合語(yǔ)境，故選C。24．根據(jù)上文“Stopcomparingyourselftoothers.(不要拿自己和別人比較)”和下文“Focusonlivingameaningfullifethatisconsistentwithyourvaluesandgoals.(專注于與你的價(jià)值觀和目標(biāo)一致的有意義的生活)”可知，本段是說(shuō)不要和別人比較，專注于自己的事情，故E項(xiàng)“別人在做什么與你無(wú)關(guān)”符合語(yǔ)境，故選E。25．空處是段落小標(biāo)題，根據(jù)本段中“Remembertohaverealisticexpectationsofyourself.Whenyousetgoals,considerwhetheryouhavesetthestandardatareasonablelevel.(記住要對(duì)自己有現(xiàn)實(shí)的期望。當(dāng)你設(shè)定目標(biāo)時(shí)，考慮一下你是否把標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)定在一個(gè)合理的水平上)”可知，本段是說(shuō)對(duì)自己的期望要實(shí)際一點(diǎn)，設(shè)定適度的目標(biāo)，故A項(xiàng)“公平地對(duì)待自己”符合語(yǔ)境，故選A。（2023春·重慶·高二重慶一中?？计谥校〧irstaidisacrucialaspectofhealthcarethatcansignificantlysavesomeone’slifeorpreventfurtherinjuryorillness.Knowingwhentousefirstaidisessentialsothatpropermeasuresaretakenpromptly.____26____InjuriesandAccidentsOneofthemostcommoninstanceswherefirstaidisrequiredisininjuriesandaccidents.___27___Insuchsituations,itisessentialtoprovideimmediatecaretopreventfurtherdamageandensurethattheaffectedindividualreceivestimelymedicalattention.Someoftheinitialstepsinfirstaidforinjuriesincludeapplyingpressuretostopbleeding,immobilizingtheaffectedarea,andadministeringpainreliefmedication.CardiacArrest(心臟停跳)Anothercriticalsituationwherefirstaidcanmakeadifferenceisduringacardiacarrest.Acardiacarrestoccurswhentheheartstopsfunctioning;immediateinterventionisnecessary.____28____Thefirststepinsuchasituationistocallemergencyservicesandstartcardiopulmonaryresuscitation(CPR)untilprofessionalhelparrives.KnowinghowtoperformCPRcanbelife-savinginsuchsituations.ChokingandSuffocation(窒息)Chokingandsuffocationareemergenciesthatcanoccuratanytime,andimmediateinterventionisnecessarytopreventfurthercomplications.Ifsomeoneischoking,itisessentialtoactquickly._29_Similarly,ifsomeoneissuffocatingduetoablockedairway,itisvitaltocleartheobstructionandensurethattheperson’sairwayisopen.Whentousefirstaidcansignificantlysavesomeone’slifeorpreventfurtherinjuryorillness.__30__Callforemergencyservices,andprovideimmediatecareuntilprofessionalhelparrives.Beingpreparedandtrainedinfirstaidcanensurethesafetyandwell-beingofthosearoundus.A．Inanyemergency,itisessentialtoremaincalm.B．Thiscanincludecuts,burns,falls,sprains,andotherunpleasantinjuries.C．Ifsomeonehastakenapoisonoussubstance,callingemergencyservices.D．PerformtheHeimlichmanoeuvretoforceouttheobjectcausingtheobstruction.E．Bleedingandoverdosearemedicalemergenciesthatrequireimmediateattention.F．Thisblogpostwilldiscusswhentousefirstaidandtheimportanceofearlyintervention.G．Bloodcirculation(血液循環(huán))andoxygensupplytovitalorgansshouldberestoredimmediately.【答案】26．F27．B28．G29．D30．A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了應(yīng)當(dāng)進(jìn)行急救的情況以及早期干預(yù)的重要性。26．空格處的句子是一個(gè)承上啟下的句子，空格前的句子“Knowingwhentousefirstaidisessentialsothatpropermeasuresaretakenpromptly.（知道什么時(shí)候進(jìn)行急救是必要的，以便及時(shí)采取適當(dāng)?shù)拇胧笔钦f(shuō)“知道什么時(shí)候進(jìn)行急救是必要的”；而下面文章的內(nèi)容主要說(shuō)的是“應(yīng)當(dāng)進(jìn)行急救的情況和盡早進(jìn)行急救的重要性”，所以，把F項(xiàng)“Thisblogpostwilldiscusswhentousefirstaidandtheimportanceofearlyintervention.（這篇博文將討論何時(shí)使用急救以及早期干預(yù)的重要性）”填入空格處，可以引起下文。故選F項(xiàng)。27．根據(jù)空格前的句子“Oneofthemostcommoninstanceswherefirstaidisrequiredisininjuriesandaccidents.（最常見的需要急救的情況之一是受傷和事故）”和空格后的句子“Insuchsituations,itisessentialtoprovideimmediatecaretopreventfurtherdamageandensurethattheaffectedindividualreceivestimelymedicalattention.（在這種情況下，必須立即提供護(hù)理，以防止進(jìn)一步損害，并確保受影響的個(gè)人得到及時(shí)的醫(yī)療照顧）”可知，空格處的句子一定涉及到可以進(jìn)行急救的傷情。所以，把B項(xiàng)“Thiscanincludecuts,burns,falls,sprains,andotherunpleasantinjuries.（這可能包括割傷、燒傷、跌倒、扭傷和其他令人不快的傷害）”填入空格處，符合題意。故選B項(xiàng)。28．根據(jù)空格前的句子“Acardiacarrestoccurswhentheheartstopsfunctioning;immediateinterventionisnecessary.（當(dāng)心臟停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，就會(huì)發(fā)生心臟驟停；立即干預(yù)是必要的）”可知，心臟驟停時(shí)立即干預(yù)是必要的，空格處的句子應(yīng)該解釋立即干預(yù)的意義。所以，把G項(xiàng)“Bloodcirculationandoxygensupplytovitalorgansshouldberestoredimmediately.（應(yīng)立即恢復(fù)血液循環(huán)和重要器官的氧氣供應(yīng)）”填入空格處，符合題意。故選G項(xiàng)。29．根據(jù)空格前的句子“Ifsomeoneischoking,itisessentialtoactquickly.（如果有人窒息，必須迅速采取行動(dòng)）”可知，如果有人窒息，必須迅速采取行動(dòng)，所以，空格處的句子應(yīng)該提到怎樣采取行動(dòng)。所以，把D項(xiàng)“PerformtheHeimlichmanoeuvretoforceouttheobjectcausingtheobstruction.（執(zhí)行海姆利克氏操作法將造成阻塞的物體擠出）”填入空格處，符合題意。故選D項(xiàng)。30．根據(jù)空格后的句子“Callforemergencyservices,andprovideimmediatecareuntilprofessionalhelparrives.（呼叫急救服務(wù)，并立即提供護(hù)理，直到專業(yè)人員到來(lái)）”可知，空格處的句子應(yīng)該提到緊急情況的發(fā)生。所以，把A項(xiàng)“Inanyemergency,itisessentialtoremaincalm.（在任何緊急情況下，保持冷靜是至關(guān)重要的）”填入空格處，和下文是順接關(guān)系，符合題意。故選A項(xiàng)。（2023春·黑龍江雙鴨山·高二雙鴨山一中?？计谥校〢pologizingforamistakemightseemdifficult,butitwillhelpyourepairandimproveyourrelationshipswithothersafterthatoffense(冒犯).Acknowledgetheoffense.Thisisanessentialelementofagoodapology.___31___Apologiesaremostlikelytobewell-receivedifyoushowthatyourecognizewhowasresponsibleandwhowasharmed.Forexample,saying“Imadeamistake”ismoreeffectivethansaying“mistakesweremade”,whichfailstoclarifyresponsibility.___32___Insomecases,it’shelpfultoexplainanoffense,especiallytoexplainthatitwasnotintentionalandthatitwillnothappenagain.Butexplanationsthatarelong-winded,soundlikeexcuses,orblamethevictim(e.g.Youwerereallygettingonmynerves.)tendtohaveanoppositeeffect.Expressregret.___33___Expressingthesefeelingscommunicatesthatyourecognizeandregretthesufferingyoucaused.Becarefulofphraseslike“Thatwasuncharacteristicofme.”___34___Instead,acknowledgeyourdisappointmentinyourselfandyourcommitmenttoimprove.Tellthemhowyou’llchange.Letthemknowhowyou’llchangeandwhatyou’ddotomakethatpossible.Forinstance,ifyou’vebeenlateonceagain,insteadofjustapologizing,sharehowyou’dkeepanearlyalarmtobeontime!___35___A．Provideaproperexplanation.B．Expressyourintentionclearly.C．Butmanyapologiesdon’tdothisenough.D．Whenyouhurtsomeone,it’snaturaltofeelshameorregret.E．Atrueapologyisonewhereyoupromiseitwon’tberepeatedagain.F．Thismightshowthatyouaren’ttakingfullownershipforwhathappened.G．Thiswillenableyoutoknowwhatmeansthemosttotheoffendedperson.【答案】31．C32．A33．D34．F35．E【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章說(shuō)明了如何為自己的錯(cuò)誤道歉。31．下文“Apologiesaremostlikelytobewell-receivedifyoushowthatyourecognizewhowasresponsibleandwhowasharmed.Forexample,saying‘Imadeamistake’ismoreeffectivethansaying‘mistakesweremade’,whichfailstoclarifyresponsibility.(如果你表現(xiàn)出你認(rèn)識(shí)到誰(shuí)應(yīng)該負(fù)責(zé)，誰(shuí)受到了傷害，那么道歉最有可能被接受。例如，說(shuō)“我犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤”比說(shuō)“犯了錯(cuò)誤”更有效，因?yàn)椤胺噶隋e(cuò)誤”無(wú)法明確責(zé)任)”通過(guò)舉例的方式說(shuō)明道歉要明確，要真誠(chéng)，為C項(xiàng)“Butmanyapologiesdon’tdothisenough.(但很多道歉都不足以做到這一點(diǎn))”中提出的問(wèn)題提供應(yīng)對(duì)策略，上下文語(yǔ)意連貫。故選C項(xiàng)。32．設(shè)空處是段首主題句，根據(jù)下文“Insomecases,it’shelpfultoexplainanoffense,especiallytoexplainthatitwasnotintentionalandthatitwillnothappenagain.Butexplanationsthatarelong-winded,soundlikeexcuses,orblamethevictim(e.g.Youwerereallygettingonmynerves.)tendtohaveanoppositeeffect.(在某些情況下，解釋一個(gè)冒犯是有幫助的，尤其是解釋它不是故意的，并且不會(huì)再發(fā)生。但是，冗長(zhǎng)的解釋，聽起來(lái)像借口，或指責(zé)受害者(例如，你真的讓我心煩意亂)往往會(huì)產(chǎn)生相反的效果)”可知，本段主要講要對(duì)冒犯進(jìn)行合理的解釋，所以A項(xiàng)“Provideaproperexplanation.(提供一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)慕忉?”是最佳主題句。故選A項(xiàng)。33．根據(jù)下文“Expressingthesefeelingscommunicatesthatyourecognizeandregretthesufferingyoucaused.(表達(dá)這些感受表明你認(rèn)識(shí)到并后悔你造成的痛苦)”和指代關(guān)系可知，上文中會(huì)出現(xiàn)“thesefeelings”指代的情緒，同時(shí)這些情緒和給別人帶來(lái)痛苦有關(guān)，D項(xiàng)“Whenyouhurtsomeone,it’snaturaltofeelshameorregret.(當(dāng)你傷害了別人，感到羞愧或后悔是很自然的)”中“shameorregret”即下文指代對(duì)象，同時(shí)是給別人帶來(lái)痛苦后的感受，上下文語(yǔ)意連貫。故選D項(xiàng)。34．上文“Becarefulofphraseslike‘Thatwasuncharacteristicofme.’(小心像“那不是我的風(fēng)格”這樣的措詞)”提出在表達(dá)道歉時(shí)，用些措詞要慎用，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“Thismightshowthatyouaren’ttakingfullownershipforwhathappened.(這可能表明你沒(méi)有為發(fā)生的事情承擔(dān)全部責(zé)任)”解釋了原因：說(shuō)“那不是我的風(fēng)格”說(shuō)明自己并沒(méi)有為發(fā)生的事情承擔(dān)全部責(zé)任。上下文銜接自然。故選F項(xiàng)。35．上文“Tellthemhowyou’llchange.Letthemknowhowyou’llchangeandwhatyou’ddotomakethatpossible.(告訴他們你會(huì)如何改變。讓他們知道你將如何改變，以及你會(huì)做些什么來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo))”提出道歉要承諾改變，給出方法，E項(xiàng)“Atrueapologyisonewhereyoupromiseitwon’tberepeatedagain.(真正的道歉是你保證不會(huì)再犯)”承接上文，說(shuō)明承諾改變，給出方法才是真正的道歉，照應(yīng)本段主題。故選E項(xiàng)。（2023春·江蘇鹽城·高二鹽城市第一中學(xué)校聯(lián)考期中）Publicspeakingistheactofspeakingtoalargegroupofpeopleinahighlyorganizedmanner.____36____Theabilitytospeakconfidentlyinpublicnotonlywillmakeyoustandoutwhileincollege,butalsowillenableyoutoplayanactiveroleinyourworkplaceinthefuture.Publi