03-選擇性必修第四冊Unit-5基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)(人教版2019)

2023年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測(人教版2019)選擇性必修第四冊Unit5基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)強(qiáng)化練Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.HeencouragedmetotakepartandexpressmyselfinaforcefulwaythatI’vebeendoingeversince—andgettingpaidforit.ThatmademewhatIamtoday—acommercial__________(law).2.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferent__________(participate)basedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.3.Theprofessorwarnedthestudentsthatonno__________(accountant)shouldtheyusemobilephonesinhisclass.4.Hedevoteshistimetothe__________(acquire)ofknowledge.5.Urgenttalksaregoingontopreventthemarketgoinginto__________(finance)meltdownduringthesummer.Ⅱ.完成句子1._________________togotoJim’sparty,forIhavetodosomeextraworktonight.

我要是當(dāng)時(shí)沒有答應(yīng)參加吉姆的聚會(huì)就好了,因?yàn)榻裢砦冶仨氉鲆恍╊~外的工作。2.Whenyouphonedme,Iwashavingameeting;_________________.

當(dāng)你給我打電話的時(shí)候,我正在開會(huì)。我多么希望我(之前)接了你的電話。3.Fromspace,theearthlooksblue._________________.

從太空中看,地球是藍(lán)色的。這是因?yàn)榈厍虮砻娲蠹s71%被水所覆蓋。4.Ican’tkeeptheappointment.Thatis_________________.

我不能守約,那是因?yàn)槲乙獏⒓右粋€(gè)重要的班會(huì)。Ⅲ.語法填空Yourcareerplaysavitalroleinyourlifeanddefineswhoyouare,soitisworthwhiletotaketimetothinkaboutit.You’dbetterstart1.___________(consider)yourfuturecareerwhenyouarestillatschool.2.___________,thisisnotalwayseasy,foryoumayjusthaveafewideas3.___________(bounce)aroundinyourhead.

Oneofthebestwaystogetsomeinsight4.___________apossiblecareerpathistocompletea“careeraptitudetest”,theresultof5.___________willtellyouaboutyouradvantagesandinterestsandgiveyouadviceonthecareeryoumaybe6.___________(suit)to.Therearealargenumberofdifferentkindsofcareeraptitudetests,someforyourpersonalattitudesandinterests,7.___________othersfocusingonaskingyoutoratedifferentkindsofworkscenarios.Afterfinishingthetest,youmaygetalistofcareer8.___________(suggest).Howeverusefulcareeraptitudetestsmaybe,youneedtorememberthattheyareonlymeantfor9.___________(guide).Sowhat’sthesecrettoagoodcareer?Theanswerisfindingsomethingthatyouare10.(true)passionateabout!IV.閱讀理解AAfteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethedifferencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformance:curiosityanddiscontent.Ihaveneverknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.Thetwobelongtogether.Together,thesedeephumanurges(驅(qū)策力)countformuchmorethanambition.GalileowasnotmerelyambitiouswhenhedroppedobjectsofvaryingweightsfromtheLeaningToweratPisaandtimedtheirfalltotheground.LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent,“Why?Why?Why?”Fortunately,curiosityanddiscontentdon’thavetobelearned.Wearebornwiththemandneedonlyrecapturethem.“Thegreatman,”saidMencius(孟子),“ishewhodoesnotlosehischild’sheart.”Yetmostofusdoloseit.Westopaskingquestions.Westopchallengingcustom.Wejustfollowthecrowd.Andthecrowddesiresonlythecalmandrestfulaverage.Itencouragesustooccupyourownlittlecorner,toavoidfoolishleapsintothedark,tobesatisfied.Mostofusmeetnewpeople,andnewideas,withhesitation.Butoncehavingmetandlikedthem,wethinkhowterribleitwouldhavebeen,hadwemissedthechance.Wewillprobablyhavetoforceourselvestowakenourcuriosityanddiscontentandkeepthemawake.Howshouldyoustart?Modestly,soasnottobecomediscouraged.Ithinkofonefriendwhocouldn’tarrangeflowerstosatisfyherself.Shewascuriousabouthowtheexpertsdidit.Nowsheisoneoftheexperts,writingbooksonflowerarrangement.Onewaytobeginistoansweryourownexcuses.Youhaven’tanyspecialability?Mostpeopledon’t;thereareonlyafewgeniuses.Youhaven’tanytime?That’sgood,becauseit’salwaysthepeoplewithnotimewhogetthingsdone.HarrietStowe,motherofsix,wrotepartsofUncleTom’sCabinwhilecooking.You’retooold?RememberthatThomasCostainwas57whenhepublishedhisfirstnovel,andthatGrandmaMosesshowedherfirstpictureswhenshewas78.Howeveryoustart,rememberthereisnobettertimetostartthanrightnow,foryou’llneverbemorealivethanyouareatthismoment.1.InwritingParagraph1,theauthoraimsto.

A.proposeadefinition B.makeacomparisonC.reachaconclusion D.presentanargument2.WhatdoestheexampleofGalileotellus?A.Trialanderrorleadstothefindingoftruth.B.Scientiststendtobecuriousandambitious.C.Creativityresultsfromchallengingauthority.D.Greatnesscomesfromalastingdesiretoexplore.3.Whatcanyoudotorecapturecuriosityanddiscontent?A.Observetheunknownaroundyou.B.Developaquestioningmind.C.Leadalifeofadventure.D.Followthefashion.4.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraphs6and7?A.Gainingsuccesshelpsyoubecomeanexpert.B.Thegeniustendstogetthingsdonecreatively.C.Lackoftalentandtimeisnoreasonfortakingnoaction.D.Youshouldremainmodestwhenapproachingperfection.5.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.CuriousMindsNeverFeelContentedB.ReflectionsonHumanNatureC.TheKeystoAchievementD.NeverTooLatetoLearnBFewpeopledoubtthevalueofdevelopingstudents’thinkingskills.Afocusoncriticalthinkingiscommonineducation.IntheAustralianCurriculum,criticalthinkingandcreativethinkingareknownas“generalcapabilities”.TheUShasasimilarfocusthroughtheir“commoncore”.ManyapproachestodevelopingcriticalthinkingarebasedonPhilosophyforChildren.Onestrategythathasalargeimpactonstudents’abilitytoanalyseandevaluateargumentsisargumentmapping,inwhichastudent’sreasoningcanbevisuallydisplayedbycapturingtheinferentialpathwayfromassumptiontoconclusion.Thistypeofargument-basedintellectualengagementcanshowhighoutcomesintermsofthequalityofthinkinginanyclassroom.Researchalsoshowsdeliberateattentiontothepracticeofreasoninginthecontextofoureverydaylivescanbesignificantlyimprovedthroughtargetedteaching.TeachersatonehighschoolinAustralia,whohavemuchtrainingincriticalthinkingteachingmethods,developedataskthataskedstudentstodetermineAustralia’sgreatestsportsperson.Studentsneededtoconstructtheirowncriteriaforgreatness.Todoso,theyhadtoanalyzetheAustraliansportingcontext,createpossibleevaluativestandards,explainandjustifywhysomestandardswouldbemoreacceptablethanothersandapplythesetotheircandidates.Theythenneededtoarguetheircasewiththeirclassmatestodevelopcriteriathatweresolid,defensible,widelyapplicableandproducedachoicethatseizedsignificantandrelevantaspectsofAustraliansport.Researcherslookingatthegainsmadeinasingletermofteachingcriticalthinkingwithargumentmappingsaidthecriticalthinkinggainsmeasuredareclosetothosethatcouldbeexpectedtoresultfromthreeyearsofundergraduateeducation.Studentswhoaretaughttothinkwellalsodobetteronsubject-basedexamsandstandardizedteststhanthosewhodonot.Intermsofdeveloping21stcenturyskills,whichincludessettingupstudentsforlifelonglearning,teachingcriticalthinkingshouldbecorebusiness.1.Whichofthefollowingcanexplaintheunderlinedword“capturing”inParagraph2?A.Describing.B.Attracting.C.Designing. D.Blocking.2.What’sthepurposeofParagraph3?A.Toconstructthecriteriaforbeinggreat.B.Toacknowledgetheteachers’outcomes.C.Topresenthowtoteachcriticalthinking.D.Toemphasizetheimportanceofreasoning.3.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsteachingcriticalthinking?A.Objective. B.Supportive.C.Doubtful. D.Cautious.4.Whatdoesthistextimply?A.Teachingmethodsshouldvaryamongschools.B.Researchoneducationdeservesmoreattention.C.Criticalthinkingshouldbevaluedineducation.D.Conceptsofcriticalthinkingaren’twellreceived.V七選五Weareheretosharetheseessaywritingsuggestionsincaseyouwishtowriteanessayforyourownbenefit.Writingyourownstatementofpersonalbeliefcanbeapowerfultoolforself-reflection.Itcanalsobeawonderfulthingtosharewithfamily,friends,andcolleagues.1.

Bedistinctive.Takeyourbeliefoutoftheeventsthathaveshapedyourcorevalues.Considermomentswhenbeliefwasformedortestedorchanged.2.Yourstoryneednotbeheart-warmingoranxious—itcanevenbefunny—butitshouldbespecifictoyou.Makesureyourstoryistiedtotheessenceofyourdailylifephilosophyandtheshapingofyourbelief.

Bebrief.3.That’saboutthreeminuteswhenyoureadaloudatyournaturalpace.Soconsiderfocusingonthecorebelief.Inaddition,writeaboutwhatyoudobelieve,andnotwhatyoudon’tbelieve.Remembertoavoidstatementsaboutreligiousbeliefs.

4.

Makeyouressayaboutyourself;speakinthefirstperson.Avoidspeakingin“we”.Tellyourpersonalbelief;thisisnotanopinionaboutsocialideals.5.Werecommendyoureadyouressayaloudtoyourselfseveraltimes,andeachtimeedititandimproveituntilyoufindthewords,tone,andstorythattrulyarouseyourfeelings,whichcanattractothersthen.

Keepingtheaboveinheartandputtingthemintoaction,youwillrealizewritinganessayjustseemslikeaneasytask.A.BepersonalB.BeappealingC.Yourstatementshouldbebetween500and600wordsD.It’simportanttoknowhowtotellastoryaboutyourselfE.WriteinwordsandphrasesthatarecomfortableforyoutospeakF.Thinkofyourownlife,andtellthethingsyouknowthatnooneelsedoesG.Toguideyouthroughthisprocess,weoffersomesimplesuggestionsforyoutofollowVI.完形填空Asthetemperatureapproachedashighas90°FlastJuly4th,threepoliceofficerswentintoaFoodsMarkettogetsomething1todrink.Onceinside,theywereaskedbyasecurityguardtohelpwitha2woman.Thewomaninquestionwasobviously3,andhercheekswerewetwithtears.Theofficerslookedinsideherbag.Alltheysawwerecontainersof4.

“I’mhungry,”sheexplained5.Caughtred-handed,thewomannodoubtexpectedtobetreatedasa6.Butthepolicehadother7.“We’llpayforherfood.”O(jiān)neofthemtoldthe8securityguard.Shewouldnotbe9.

Dryingherwet10,thewomanrepeated,“Thankyou,thankyou.”Shewasn’ttheonlyonetouchedbythisactof11.Customersatthestoreweresoimpressedbywhatthey’d12thatsomeevenpostedaphotoonTwitter.13,attentionwasneverwhattheofficerssought.Theywere14byafarmorecommonemotion.Whenwelookatsomeone’sfaceandseethattheyneedyou,it’spretty15asahumanbeingtowalkawayfromsomethinglikethis.

1.A.safeB.sweetC.cleanD.cold2.A.wounded B.suspectedC.reported D.wronged3.A.scared B.disappointedC.puzzled D.annoyed4.A.clothes B.medicineC.toys D.food5.A.politely B.loudlyC.seriously D.hopelessly6.A.thief B.beggarC.victim D.customer7.A.facts B.secrets C.ideas D.reasons8.A.rude B.surprisedC.patient D.embarrassed9.A.arrested B.employedC.kept D.doubted10.A.bag B.hands C.packet D.cheeks11.A.caution B.sympathyC.justice D.faith12.A.ignored B.expectedC.witnessed D.recognized13.A.However B.ThereforeC.Besides D.Instead14.A.attracted B.controlledC.required D.driven15.A.typical B.amazing C.difficult D.sillyVI.應(yīng)用文寫作假如你是李華,今年18歲,是光明中學(xué)的一名學(xué)生。你所在的城市要舉辦國際旅游節(jié)(tourismfestival),現(xiàn)向全市招募志愿者。請你根據(jù)以下要點(diǎn),向組委會(huì)寫一封申請信,應(yīng)征旅游節(jié)志愿者的工作。1.你的個(gè)人信息(年齡,性別,性格等);2.你的特殊優(yōu)勢(對(duì)地方旅游景點(diǎn)的了解,扎實(shí)的語言功底,相關(guān)的經(jīng)歷及溝通能力等);3.你的承諾。注意:1.詞數(shù)80個(gè)左右;2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫?！獏⒖即鸢涪?1.HeencouragedmetotakepartandexpressmyselfinaforcefulwaythatI’vebeendoingeversince—andgettingpaidforit.ThatmademewhatIamtoday—acommerciallawyer(law).2.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipants(participate)basedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.3.Theprofessorwarnedthestudentsthatonnoaccount(accountant)shouldtheyusemobilephonesinhisclass.4.Hedevoteshistimetotheacquisition(acquire)ofknowledge.5.Urgenttalksaregoingontopreventthemarketgoingintofinancial(finance)meltdownduringthesummer.Ⅱ.1.IwishthatIhadn’tagreedtogotoJim’sparty,forIhavetodosomeextraworktonight.

2.Whenyouphonedme,Iwashavingameeting;howIwishIhadansweredyourcall.

3.Fromspace,theearthlooksblue.Thisisbecauseaboutseventy-onepercentofitssurfaceiscoveredbywater.

4.Ican’tkeeptheappointment.ThatisbecauseIhaveanimportantclassmeetingtoattend.

Ⅲ.Yourcareerplaysavitalroleinyourlifeanddefineswhoyouare,soitisworthwhiletotaketimetothinkaboutit.You’dbetterstart1.considering/toconsider(consider)yourfuturecareerwhenyouarestillatschool.2.However,thisisnotalwayseasy,foryoumayjusthaveafewideas3.bouncing(bounce)aroundinyourhead.

Oneofthebestwaystogetsomeinsight4.onapossiblecareerpathistocompletea“careeraptitudetest”,theresultof5.whichwilltellyouaboutyouradvantagesandinterestsandgiveyouadviceonthecareeryoumaybe6.suited(suit)to.Therearealargenumberofdifferentkindsofcareeraptitudetests,someforyourpersonalattitudesandinterests,7.whileothersfocusingonaskingyoutoratedifferentkindsofworkscenarios.Afterfinishingthetest,youmaygetalistofcareer8.suggestions(suggest).Howeverusefulcareeraptitudetestsmaybe,youneedtorememberthattheyareonlymeantfor9.guidance(guide).Sowhat’sthesecrettoagoodcareer?Theanswerisfindingsomethingthatyouare10.truly(true)passionateabout!IV.A【文章大意】本文為議論文。首段給出核心論點(diǎn):偉大的人物會(huì)同時(shí)擁有兩種品質(zhì)——好奇心和永不滿足的精神。后文圍繞如何擁有好奇心和不滿足的精神展開討論,通過多次舉例和引用的寫作手法,突出兩者的重要性并啟發(fā)人們現(xiàn)在就行動(dòng)起來去重拾我們與生俱來但是又被隱藏起來的好奇心和不滿足的探索精神。1.【解析】選D。寫作意圖題。本題詢問第一段的寫作意圖。由題干定位第一段,由議論文文體來看,首先我們能大致猜測首段引出議論話題,給出作者的論點(diǎn);其次通讀第一段,主要內(nèi)容是:作者在多年的觀察后發(fā)現(xiàn)普通人和有卓越成就的人的區(qū)別就在于后者會(huì)同時(shí)擁有兩種品質(zhì),即后文主要討論說明的論點(diǎn),即首段是為了引出作者要闡明的話題和自己的觀點(diǎn),故選D“提出論點(diǎn)”。2.【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題詢問Galileo的例子的作用是什么。由題干中Galileo定位第二段,“LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent,“Why?Why?Why?”說明Galileo的事例給我們的啟示就是要保持好奇和永不滿足的心去問為什么。故選擇D“偉大來自永久探索的欲望”。3.【解析】選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題詢問如何重拾好奇心和永不滿足的精神。由題干動(dòng)詞recapture定位第三段和第四段,“Wearebornwiththemandneedonlyrecapturethem.”說明我們生來就有這兩種品質(zhì)。“Thegreatman,”saidMencius,“ishewhodoesnotlosehischild’sheart.”Yetmostofusdoloseit.Westopaskingquestions.Westopchallengingcustom.說明我們像小時(shí)候那樣多問、多質(zhì)疑,即可重拾好奇心和永不滿足的精神。故選擇B“培養(yǎng)好問思維”。4.【解析】選C。段落大意題。本題詢問兩段的段落大意和給人的啟示。由題干定位第六段和第七段,第七段前幾句Onewaytobeginistoansweryourownexcuses.Youhaven’tanyspecialability?...Youhaven’tanytime?...說明人們說沒時(shí)間沒天賦其實(shí)都是借口,只要真心想做,一切都能從現(xiàn)在開始做到,借此告訴人們成為優(yōu)秀的人就是不要給自己找借口。故選擇C“缺乏天賦和時(shí)間不是不行動(dòng)的借口”。5.【解析】選C。主旨大意題。本題詢問文章標(biāo)題。根據(jù)本文首段提出的有卓越成就的人所具備的兩種品質(zhì)和文中主體段落通過舉例、引用等方式告誡人們要行動(dòng)起來重拾這兩種品質(zhì)和文末“thereisnobettertimetostartthanrightnow”再次強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在就行動(dòng),表明作者對(duì)讀者的督促和提醒。故選C“成就的秘訣”。B【文章大意】本文是一篇議論文。文章講述了在教學(xué)中培養(yǎng)學(xué)生批判性思維的方法,并通過澳大利亞的一所高中的教學(xué)實(shí)踐,闡述了批判性思維的好處及重要性。1.【解析】選A。詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞前后的“astudent’sreasoningcanbevisuallydisplayed”“theinferentialpathwayfromassumptiontoconclusion”以及第三段中“theyhadtoanalyzetheAustraliansportingcontext,createpossibleevaluativestandards,explainandjustifywhysomestandardswouldbemoreacceptablethanothersandapplythesetotheircandidates.”可知,一個(gè)學(xué)生的推理能力可以通過描述從假設(shè)到結(jié)論的推理過程得到視覺上的呈現(xiàn),故A項(xiàng)可以解釋畫線詞的意思,“(用文字或圖像)記錄下,描述,捕捉”。2.【解析】選C。寫作目的題。通過閱讀第三段可知,本段講述了澳大利亞的一所高中教師經(jīng)過批判性思維教學(xué)方法的培訓(xùn)后,開發(fā)了一個(gè)“讓學(xué)生們決定誰才是澳大利亞最偉大的運(yùn)動(dòng)員”的任務(wù)的事情以及學(xué)生們運(yùn)用批判性思維的過程,再結(jié)合第二段最后一句話“Researchalsoshowsdeliberateattentiontothepracticeofreasoninginthecontextofoureverydaylivescanbesignificantlyimprovedthroughtargetedteaching.”可知,第三段的目的是展示如何教授學(xué)生批判性思維。3.【解析】選B。觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段中“teachingcriticalthinkingshouldbecorebusiness”可知,作者認(rèn)為教授批判性思維應(yīng)該是核心業(yè)務(wù),由此推斷出作者是支持教授批判性思維的。4.【解析】選C。主旨大意題。通讀全文可知,文章主要圍繞教授批判性思維的方法展開,并通過舉例子說明了在教學(xué)中重視批判性思維的好處及重要性。故選C項(xiàng)。V.【文章大意】本文屬于說明文。作者向讀者介紹了幾條關(guān)于論文寫作的實(shí)用建議。1.【解析】選G。考查承上啟下句。根據(jù)上文可知,記述個(gè)人信念是自我反省的強(qiáng)有力的工具,同時(shí)也是可以與家庭、朋友和同事分享的很棒的事情;下文是關(guān)于寫文章的幾點(diǎn)建議。G項(xiàng)“Toguideyouthroughthisprocess,weoffersomesimplesuggestionsforyoutofollow”能夠承上啟下,符合語境。2.【解析】選F?？疾榧?xì)節(jié)支撐句。結(jié)合小標(biāo)題“Bedistinctive.”以及本段中提到的“Yourstoryneednot...butitshouldbespecifictoyou.Makesureyourstoryistiedtotheessenceofyourdailylifephilosophyandtheshapingofyourbelief”可知,此處表示你應(yīng)思考自己的生活,講述你知道但別人不知道的事情,故F項(xiàng)符合語境。3.【解析】選C?？疾榧?xì)節(jié)支撐句。結(jié)合本段小標(biāo)題和空后的“That’saboutthreeminuteswhenyoureadaloudatyournaturalpace”可知,空處應(yīng)是對(duì)所寫文章篇幅的建議,C項(xiàng)“你的敘述應(yīng)該在500至600詞之間”銜接下文。4.【解析】選A。考查段落主旨句。由本段的“Makeyouressayaboutyourself;speakinthefirstperson”“untilyoufindthewords,tone,andstorythattrulyarouseyourfeelings”可知,你應(yīng)寫關(guān)于你自己的文章,并以第一人稱敘述,找到能引發(fā)自己情感的單詞、風(fēng)格和故事,故A項(xiàng)“Bepersonal”能概括本段主旨。5.【解析】選E。考查細(xì)節(jié)支撐句。由空后的Werecommendyour