新視角研究生英語(yǔ)讀說(shuō)寫2課后習(xí)題及答案

翻譯：那位教授很可能在他唯一的學(xué)生缺席的情況下對(duì)著空空的教室講了一課。Theprofessormightprobablyhavedeliveredhislecturetotheemptyclassroomintheabsenceofhissolitarystudent.現(xiàn)行的教育體制遭到了公眾的批評(píng)，公眾已經(jīng)開始意識(shí)到這種體制給學(xué)生帶來(lái)的危害。Thepresenteducationalsystemhasbeenunderattackfromthepublic,whohavebeguntorealizetheharmthesystemhasdonetostudents.老師告訴這些大四學(xué)生他每次都會(huì)點(diǎn)名，因?yàn)檫@門課是必須要聽的。Theprofessortoldthoseseniorsthathewouldtakeattendanceeverytimebecauseattendanceatthiscoursewascompulsory.4.我真想?yún)⒓幽愕膯踢w聚會(huì)。但是很抱歉我無(wú)法去,因?yàn)槲矣幸淮蠖咽虑橐觥’dlovetogotoyourhousewarmingparty,butI’msorryIcan’tmakeitbecauseI’vegotastackofthingstodo.5.中學(xué)輟學(xué)的年青人可以上夜?；蛲ㄟ^(guò)電大和函授課程恢復(fù)他們的學(xué)業(yè)。Youthswhodroppedoutofmiddleschoolcanresumetheirstudiesatnightschoolorthroughtelevisionandcorrespondencecourses.6.她不喜歡那位著名作家的講座，但她為了在講座后得到他的簽名還是耐著性子聽完了。Shedidn’tlikethefamouswriter’slecture,butshestuckitouttogetthewriter’sautographafterthelecture.7.我對(duì)講座制所體現(xiàn)的冷漠無(wú)情非常失望，但是最終我還是無(wú)奈接受了它，并耐心等待成為大三的學(xué)生。Iwasdisappointedattheimpersonalityofthelecturesystem,buteventuallyIgrewresignedtothesystemandwaitedpatientlytobecomeajunior.8.我們不得不承認(rèn)講座體制會(huì)把教師和學(xué)生天真的問(wèn)題隔絕開來(lái)，而這些問(wèn)題很可能會(huì)引起學(xué)生很多有用的想法。Wehavetoadmitthatthelecturesysteminsulatesateacherfromstudents’naivequestions,whichcouldhavetriggeredalineofusefulthought.9.我不同意那些評(píng)論家的意見。你得出的結(jié)論絕不是沒有價(jià)值的。對(duì)我而言，這些結(jié)論很有道理。Idon’tagreewiththosecritics’opinions.Yourconclusionsarefarfromworthless;theymakeagooddealofsensetome.10.為了學(xué)生本身的緣故，應(yīng)該在第一節(jié)課就告訴他們這門課的目的，內(nèi)容以及要通過(guò)這門課的要求。Forthesakeofthestudents,theyshouldbetoldonthefirstclassabouttheobjectiveandcontentofthecourseandtherequirementstopassthecourse.1.由生物多樣性的喪失而引起的對(duì)人類和地球的威脅和由氣候變化所帶來(lái)的危險(xiǎn)一樣大。Thethreattohumanityandtheplanetposedbybiodiversitylossisasgreatasthedangerspresentedbyclimatechange.2.收到年輕讀者表達(dá)他們對(duì)被囚動(dòng)物的關(guān)心的信，并詢問(wèn)他們能幫助做什么，我們總是很高興。Wearealwayshappytohearfromyoungreadersexpressingconcernforanimalsincaptivityandaskingwhattheycandotohelp.3.這兩個(gè)最盛行的理論都認(rèn)為恐龍之所以滅絕是因?yàn)榈厍虼髿夂蜏囟鹊淖兓斐傻?。Thetwomostpopulartheoriesbothsaythatdinosaursdiedoutbecauseofchangesintheearth’satmosphereandtemperature.4.這場(chǎng)森林大火最終被消防隊(duì)所控制住了，花費(fèi)將近50萬(wàn)美元。Theforestfirewasfinallybroughtundercontrolbythefire-fightingcrewsatacostofnearlyhalfamilliondollars.5.植物根莖能夠固定土壤，使之不會(huì)被雨水沖蝕。Plantrootscanholdthesoilinpositionandpreventitfrombeingwashedawaybytherainwater.6.健康的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)以能源、營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)、有機(jī)物質(zhì)和水的可持續(xù)更替為特點(diǎn)。Healthyecosystemsarecharacterizedbysustainableturnoversofenergy,nutrients,organicmatterandwater.7.在世界野生動(dòng)物基金會(huì)一份新的報(bào)告中，科學(xué)家警告說(shuō)全球變暖可能在今后20年中滅絕北極熊。InanewreportbytheWWF,scientistshavewarnedthatglobalwarmingcouldkilloffpolarbearswithinthenext20years.8.犁過(guò)的地對(duì)流水沒有防范能力，因而珍貴的表土常常在大雨和洪水中被沖走。Plowedfieldsdon’thaveanyprotectionagainstrunningwater,andoftenthevaluabletopsoiliscarriedawayduringheavyrainsorfloods.9.這個(gè)花園比前兩天要安靜多了，但周圍還是有很多各式各樣的鳥。Thegardenwasconsiderablyquieterthanithadbeentheprevioustwodays,buttherewerestillagoodvarietyofbirdsaround.10.盡管有不同的預(yù)計(jì)，但總體上人們認(rèn)為用于制作現(xiàn)代藥品的活性成分有大約30%到40%是從植物中提取的，或同植物有關(guān)。Whileestimatesdiffer,itisgenerallybelievedthataround30%–40%oftheactiveingredientsusedinmodernmedicinesarederivedfrom,orrelatedto,plants。1.人們認(rèn)為年輕人最好在事業(yè)有成之后再結(jié)婚，過(guò)安定的生活。Itisconsidereddesirableforyoungpeopletogetmarriedandsettledownonlyaftertheyareestablishedintheirjobs.2.她的丈夫是個(gè)非常顧家的人，每天都花很多時(shí)間做飯,打掃衛(wèi)生、照顧三個(gè)正在上學(xué)的孩子。Herhusbandisaverydomesticperson,spendingalotoftimeeverydayincooking,cleaningandcaringfortheirthreeschool-agechildren.現(xiàn)在的年輕人具有與他們的父母截然不同的價(jià)值觀和期望，他們認(rèn)為個(gè)人享樂(lè)比家庭責(zé)任更重要Today’syoungpeoplehavecompletelydifferentvaluesandexpectationsfromtheirparents,givinghigherprioritytopersonalpleasureoverfamilyobligations.4.從社會(huì)角度看，婦女一輩子當(dāng)全職家庭主婦是不明智的，更不要說(shuō)受過(guò)良好教育的婦女了。Fromsociety’sviewpoint,itdoesnotmakesenseforwomen,muchlesswelleducatedwomen,tobefull-timehomemakersforalifetime.5.二十幾歲的單身男女認(rèn)為同居是婚前考察未來(lái)伴侶品質(zhì)、習(xí)慣的途徑?？墒腔榍巴右炎C明與較高的離婚風(fēng)險(xiǎn)相關(guān)聯(lián)。Singlesintheirtwentiesseecohabitationasawaytoinvestigateaprospectivepartner’scharacterandhabitsbeforemarriage.Butpremaritalcohabitationhasproventobeassociatedwithahigherdivorcerisk.6.為了兒童的福利，政府應(yīng)該制定政策，為父母提供兼職、臨時(shí)和彈性工作時(shí)間的工作機(jī)會(huì)以及帶薪育兒假。Intheinterestofchildwelfare,governmentshouldinstitutepoliciestoprovidepart-time,temporaryandflextimejobopportunitiesandpaidparentalleaveforparents.7.著眼于建立牢固持久的婚姻關(guān)系，夫妻在發(fā)生摩擦?xí)r應(yīng)該相互體諒。Withaneyetowardformingstrongandlastingmaritalunions,couplesshouldmakeallowancesforeachother,whenthereisfrictionbetweenthem.8.考慮到離婚率很高，已婚母親如果長(zhǎng)期脫離勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)就將自擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)——一旦她們的婚姻以離婚告終，她們將遭受嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。Giventhehighdivorcerate,marriedmothersleavethelabormarketforanextendedperiodoftimeattheirownperil—theywillsuffersevereeconomiclossiftheirmarriageendsindivorce.9.父母與子女之間的關(guān)系是一種非常特殊的關(guān)系。父母為子女所做出的犧牲是無(wú)法用金錢補(bǔ)償?shù)?。Thebondbetweenchildandparentisaveryspecialone.Moneycannotmakeupforthesacrificesparentshavemadefortheirchildren.10.勞動(dòng)人口中男女平等日益增強(qiáng)為女性在事業(yè)上實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的抱負(fù)提供了史無(wú)前例的機(jī)遇。Increasinggenderequalityintheworkforceprovideswomenhistoricallyunprecedentedopportunitiesforpersonalfulfillmentintheircareers.1.美國(guó)人渴望新的未開發(fā)地帶，在那里他們可以擺脫任何束縛，自由自在。Americanshankerafternewfrontierswheretheycanbefreeofanyconstraintsandbethemselves.2.令年輕人神往的正是在網(wǎng)上沖浪時(shí)獲得的那種自由的感覺。Whatcapturesyoungpeople’simaginationispreciselythesenseoffreedomtheygetwhilesurfingtheInternet.3.不論種族、文化和社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位，每個(gè)人都能夠在網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間找到一個(gè)由與自己志趣相投的人所組成的社區(qū)。Regardlessoftheirrace,cultureandsocioeconomicstatus,everyonecanfindacommunityoflikemindedpeopleincyberspace.4.虛擬社區(qū)寧愿由自己而不是由世俗政府建立和執(zhí)行社區(qū)行為規(guī)范。Virtualcommunitiesprefertosetandenforcecommunitystandardsbythemselvesratherthanbytheterrestrialgovernment.5.網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間類似于現(xiàn)實(shí)世界，包括從購(gòu)物中心、學(xué)校區(qū)到紅燈區(qū)等各種各樣的地方。Cyberspaceisakintotheterrestrialworld,whichincludesvariousplacesrangingfromshoppingmalls,schooldistrictstored-lightzones.6.只有滿足自己成員需要的網(wǎng)絡(luò)社區(qū)才能夠繁榮興旺。Onlycyberspacecommunitiesthatcatertotheneedsoftheirmemberswillprosper.7.隨著遠(yuǎn)距離通信技術(shù)的發(fā)展，世界不久將聯(lián)合成為一個(gè)地球村。Withthedevelopmentoftelecommunicationstechnology,theunionoftheworldintoaglobalvillageisathand.8.免費(fèi)下載知識(shí)財(cái)產(chǎn)在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)使用者中十分普遍。ItisprevalentamongInternetuserstodownloadintellectualpropertiesforfree.9.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的討論組主持人的職責(zé)是防止廣告和無(wú)關(guān)信息進(jìn)入論壇。ThejobofthemoderatorofadiscussiongroupontheInternetistokeepoutadvertisementsandunrelatedmaterialsoftheforum.10.言論自由的擁護(hù)者往往貿(mào)然斷定任何形式的政府管理都將妨礙他們的自由。Advocatesoffreespeechtendtojumptotheconclusionthatanyformofgovernmentregulationwillinterferewiththeirfreedom.1.一個(gè)懶惰的人容易才思枯竭，因?yàn)樗偛挥媚X思索。Alazypersonisapttogethismindimpoverishedbecausehedoesn’tmakeuseofhisintelligenceallthetime.2.看到這張照片，我仿佛回到了無(wú)憂無(wú)慮的學(xué)生時(shí)代。Thisphotoconjuresupmemoriesofmycarefreeschooldays.3.他意識(shí)到他已經(jīng)被大家看成是打雜跑腿的了。Herealizesnowhe’sbeentypecastasanexecutiveerrandboy.4.這個(gè)協(xié)會(huì)的目標(biāo)就是為了讓傳統(tǒng)的家具設(shè)計(jì)技藝永世流傳。Thegoaloftheassociationistoperpetuatetheskillsoftraditionalfurnituredesign.5.成見通過(guò)用巨大的、可以辨別的剪圖來(lái)掩蓋這個(gè)紛雜喧鬧的大千世界，并以此來(lái)減輕我們的腦力勞動(dòng)。Stereotypeseconomizeonourmentaleffortbycoveringuptheblooming,buzzingconfusionwithbigrecognizablecutouts.6.真正的改變是一個(gè)漫長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程：現(xiàn)實(shí)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)滴滴匯入我們的腦海，直到它們漸漸帶有模糊不清的生活本質(zhì)。Thetrueprocessofchangeisaslowonethataddsbitsandpiecesofrealitytothepicturesinourheads,untilgraduallytheytakeonsomeoftheblurrinessoflifeitself.7.這位著名的女演員告訴記者說(shuō)她在成名前特別快樂(lè)。Thefamousactresssaidtothereporterthatshewasperfectlyhappyuntilfamewasthrustuponher.8.他的一個(gè)密友警告他，如果他繼續(xù)買些沒用的東西就有破產(chǎn)的危險(xiǎn)。Oneofhisintimatefriendswarnshimthatheisindangeroflosingallhismoneyifhecontinuestobuyuselessitems.9.通過(guò)對(duì)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目各個(gè)方面的仔細(xì)研究，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)成功完成的可能性極大。Havingdelveddeeplyintoallaspectsoftheproject,theyfindthatthereiseveryprospectofsuccess.10.他們記得的是全班最不聽話的壞孩子犯了錯(cuò)誤，因?yàn)樵谟洃浿兴麄兪巧贁?shù)不合群的學(xué)生。Itwastheunpopularmembersoftheclass—the“badguys”—theyrememberedasbeingoutofstep.1.在一開始我想奉勸我們所有的管理層人員應(yīng)該以寬闊的視野來(lái)看待這兩個(gè)詞，即道德和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。Letmeurgeattheoutsetthatallofusinmanagementlookatboththesewords—ethicsandcompetitiveness—withawideangleofvision.2.所有人都生來(lái)具有道德意識(shí)，它不是憑空而來(lái)，也不會(huì)自動(dòng)永遠(yuǎn)存在下去。Allhumanbeingsareendowedwithamoralsensethatdoesnotcomeoutofnowhereorperpetuateitselfautomatically.科學(xué)家們最早在20世紀(jì)30年代就有了對(duì)原子彈的設(shè)想。Scientistsfirstconceivedtheideaoftheatomicbombinthe1930s.4.我們都聽到過(guò)目光短淺的生意人把下面這句話當(dāng)作是一個(gè)著名的歷史人物說(shuō)的，即沒有必要在兒童時(shí)期就進(jìn)行道德教育。Wehaveallheardshortsightedbusinesspeopleattributeaquotationtothatgreatfigureinhistory,thatis,moralethiceducationisnotnecessarytobeginatanearlyage.5.我謹(jǐn)以此書獻(xiàn)給我的叔父，以表示