Making-a-difference-第2課時(shí)-Using-language(教師版)

2019外研版必修三Unit2Makingadifference2.2Usinglanguage目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航重點(diǎn)詞匯和詞轉(zhuǎn)extendvt.持續(xù)，延伸→extensionn.持續(xù)，延伸2.enablevt.使能夠→abilityn.能力→ableadj.能夠的→disabledadj.殘疾的→disabilityn.殘疾，無能3.generosityn.慷慨，大方→generousadj.慷慨的，大方的4.hesitatevt.猶豫→hesitationn.猶豫5.assistancen．幫助，援助→assistvt.幫助，援助6.confirmationn．證實(shí)，證明→confirmvt.證實(shí)，證明7.missionn.職責(zé)，使命8.diseasen.疾病9.sensitiveadj.敏感的10.cancern.癌癥11.royaladj.王室的，皇室的12.registrationn.登記，注冊(cè)重點(diǎn)詞組1.begeneroustosb.對(duì)某人對(duì)方2.hesitatetodosth.猶豫做某事3.withtheassistanceof...在...的幫助下4.aidsb,with/insth(在某方面)幫助某人5.majorin主修6.besensitiveto對(duì)...敏感7.enablesbtodosth使某人做某事8.havetroubledoingsth做某事有問題9.beknownas作為...而出名10.bebasedon以...為依據(jù)重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法過去分詞作定語(yǔ)1...Ryanhadtroublebelievingthewordsspokenbyhisteacher...2.InUganda,Ryanatlastsawthefinishedwellwithhisowneyes.知識(shí)精講知識(shí)精講過去分詞做定語(yǔ)過去分詞作定語(yǔ)的具體用法1．意義：及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語(yǔ)往往表示被動(dòng)和完成；不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語(yǔ)不表示被動(dòng)，只表示完成。(1)表示被動(dòng)和完成apollutedriver一條被污染的河流thewateredflowers澆過水的花(2)只表示完成，不表示被動(dòng)fallenleaves落葉therisensun升起的太陽(yáng)2．位置：?jiǎn)蝹€(gè)的過去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常放在被修飾詞的前面；過去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常放在被修飾詞的后面，其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。Thestudentdressedinwhiteismydaughter.＝Thestudentwhoisdressedinwhiteismydaughter.穿白色衣服的那個(gè)學(xué)生是我女兒。注意：過去分詞作定語(yǔ)和現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：(1)語(yǔ)態(tài)不同：現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)；過去分詞表示被動(dòng)。Thequestiondiscussedwasveryimportant.討論過的那個(gè)問題很重要。Thehousestandingatthecornerofthestreetwasbuiltin2016.矗立在街道角落的那所房子是2016年建的。(2)時(shí)間關(guān)系上不同：現(xiàn)在分詞表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；過去分詞表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(thechangingworld變化著的世界,thechangedworld改變了的世界))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(boilingwater沸騰的水,boiledwater開水))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(developingcountries發(fā)展中國(guó)家,developedcountries發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家))3．過去分詞(done)、現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(beingdone)與動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(tobedone)作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：Thebuildingbuiltlastyearisourclassroombuilding.去年建造的樓是我們的教學(xué)樓。Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowisourclassroombuilding.現(xiàn)在正在建造的樓是我們的教學(xué)樓。Thebuildingtobebuiltnextmonthisourclassroombuilding.下個(gè)月將要建造的樓是我們的教學(xué)樓。意義形式語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)done被動(dòng)完成beingdone被動(dòng)進(jìn)行tobedone被動(dòng)尚未發(fā)生考點(diǎn)歸納：定語(yǔ)表“完成”或“被動(dòng)”boiledwater開水fallenleaves落葉therisensun升起的太陽(yáng)selectedapples精選蘋果spokenEnglish英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)icedbeer冰鎮(zhèn)啤酒cookedfood熟食friedchips炸土豆條單個(gè)的過去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般放在被修飾詞語(yǔ)之前(如上例)，也可以放在所修飾詞語(yǔ)的后面。Look!Sheiscollectingusedbooks.Hurryup,thereisonlyalittletimeleft.過去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，須將分詞放在被修飾的詞語(yǔ)之后，功能相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。Nearthewindow,thereisabookshelffilledwithmanybooks(=whichisfilledwithmanybooks).Herdaughter,broughtupbyme(=whowasbroughtupbyme)hasbeguntoworknow.過去分詞基本用法：(一)過去分詞作定語(yǔ)1.前置定語(yǔ)(1)被動(dòng)意義：anrespectedguest一位受尊敬的客人Howmanyfinishedproductshaveyougotuptonow?到現(xiàn)在為止，你已經(jīng)得到多少成品？=Howmanyproductsthathavebeenfinishedhaveyougotuptonow?(2)完成意義：aretiredworker一位退休的工人Thechildrenarecleaningthefallenleavesintheyard.孩子們正在打掃院子里的落葉。=Thechildrenarecleaningtheleavesthathavefallenintheyard.【總結(jié)】：___________________的過去分詞作定語(yǔ)，通常放在被修飾的名詞之_______________,作前置定語(yǔ)。表示______________和________________的意義。Keys:單個(gè)；前；被動(dòng)；完成。2.后置定語(yǔ)Thingsseenarebetterthanthingsheard.眼見最好。=Thingswhichareseenarebetterthanthingswhichareheard.Thiswillbethebestnovelofitskindeverwritten.這將是這類小說中寫得最好的。=Thiswillbethebestnovelofitskindthathaseverbeenwritten.【總結(jié)】：過去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，放在被修飾的名詞_________________，作后置定語(yǔ)，作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)_________________________。Keys:后；從句。【注意】：(1)如被修飾的詞是something,anything,everything,nothing,-one,-body以及those等,分詞放在被修飾詞的后面。Doyouhaveanythingunfinished?你還有什么沒完成的事嗎？Heisoneofthosekidnapped.他是那些被綁架的人之一。(2)單個(gè)分詞也可以作后置定語(yǔ),用以強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。Theydecidedtochangethematerialused.他們決定更換使用的材料。(3)不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞僅表示時(shí)間的完成,無被動(dòng)意義?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。fallenleaves落葉fallingleaves正在下落的樹葉adevelopedcountry發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家adevelopingcountry發(fā)展中國(guó)家theboiledwater(涼）開水theboilingwater沸水用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Doyouknowtheboy____(lie)underthebigtree?2.“Can’tyouread?”Marysaidangrily_________(point)tothenotice.3Thewoman_____(sell)vegetableshasgone.4.Thewheatiswateredbywater_____(bring)fromapond.5.Heisaleader________(respect)bythepeople.6.______(tell)tostayinBeijing,theboydecidednottoreturnedtohisvillage.7.Welivedinthehouse__________________(我舅舅們修建的).8.Anymedicine________(服用)withouttheadviceofadoctorcancausetrouble.9.Wespenttwohoursdiscussingtheplan__________________(她制定的).10.Mostofthepeople___________________(被邀請(qǐng)參加宴會(huì)的)werefamousscientists.Keys：1lying2pointing3selling4brought5respected6Havingbeentold7builtbymyuncles8taken9madebyhim.10invitedtotheparty.鞏固練習(xí)鞏固練習(xí)單句填空Therearestillmanyproblems_____________(solve)beforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.Todaytherearemoreairplanes____________(carry)morepeoplethaneverbeforeintheskies.AnnieSalmon,disabled,isattendedthroughoutherschooldaysbyanurse___________(appoint)toguardher.Lastnight,thereweremillionsofpeople____________(watch)theopeningceremonyliveonTV.Theproducercomesregularlytocollectthecameras___________(return)toourshopforqualityproblems.LaurawasawayinParisforoveraweek.Whenshegothome,therewasapileofmail___________(wait)forher.Insomelanguages,100wordsmakeuphalfofallwords__________(use)indailyconversations.Thewitnesses_____________(question)bythepolicejustnowgaveverydifferentdescriptionsofthefight.Theroomisemptyexceptforabookshelf____________(stand)inonecorner.Wearehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecision______________(make)atthemeetingwillinfluencethefutureofourcompany.Doyouknowtheboy___________(lie)underthebigtree?Jimwasabouttostandupwhenhesawsomething_____________(move)nearhisfeet.It’sasnake!13.Thereisanotepinnedtothedoor______________(say)whentheshopwillopenagain.單項(xiàng)選擇1.

Most

of

the

artists

_____

to

the

party

were

from

South

Africa.

A.

invited

B.

to

invite

C.

being

invited

D.

had

been

invited

2.

The

computer

center,

_____last

year,

is

very

popular

among

the

students

in

this

school.

A.

open

B.

opening

C.

having

opened

D.

opened

3.

Cleaning

women

in

big

cities

usually

get

_____

by

the

hour.

A.

pay

B.

paying

C.

paid

D.

to

pay

4.—How

do

you

deal

with

the

disagreement

between

the

company

and

the

customers?

—The

key

_____

the

problem

is

to

meet

the

demand

_____

by

the

customers.

A.

to

solving;

making

B.

to

solving;

made

C.

to

solve;

making

D.

to

solve;

made

5.

Don’t

use

words,

expressions,

or

phrases

_____

only

to

people

with

specific

knowledge.

A.

being

known

B.

having

been

known

C.

to

be

known

D.

known

6

_______

English

is

different

from

______

English

in

many

ways.

A.

Spoken;

written

B.

Speaking;

written

C.

Spoken;

writing

D.

Speak;

write

7

The

woman

________

there

under

the

tree,

_______

in

a

blue

shirt,

is

our

headmaster.

A.

sitting;

wearing

B.

sitting;

dressed

C.

seating;

dressed

D.

seated;

dressing

8

Linda

worked

for

the

Minnesota

Manufacturing

Mining

Company,

_____

as

3M.

A.

knowing.

B.

known.

C.

being

known.

D.

to

be

known

9

The

_____

dishes

lay

on

the

floor.

A

breaking.

B.

broken.

C.

broke.

D.

break

10

the

ship,______

by

a

huge

piece

of

iceberg,

cam

to

a

sudden

stop.

A.

hitting.

B.

hit.

C.

hitted.

D.

to

hit.

Keys:1-5ADCBD6-10ADBBB能力提升能力提升C.語(yǔ)法填空I’mgoingtothesupermarketthisafternoon.Doyouhaveanything___________(buy).Hisfirstbook_______________________(publish)nextmonthisbasedonatruestory.Willthose___________________(teach)thechildrenfromabroadcometotheheadmaster’soffice?Throughouthistory,thelanguage_____________(speak)byapowerfulgroupspreadsacrossacivilization.Atthebeginningofclass,thenoiseofdesks______________(make)couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.Thisisanarticle________________(consist)offiveparts.Thisisastory_____________(date)fromtheTangDynasty.__________(Judge)fromhiswords,hedidwellinhisexam.Thecomputer____________(belong)toourclassshouldbeusedforstudying.Thespeechwhichhemade___________(concern)thefootballmatchboredalotoffanstodeath.語(yǔ)法填空：HaveyouheardofLakeTiticaca?ItisafamouslakeinSouthAmerica,whichislocatedontheborderbetweenBoliviaandPeru.Butthelivesoftheancientpeoplewhooncelivedaroundthelakeand__1__culturewasthoughttobehighlyadvanced,havelongremainedasecret.Recently,However，scientists____2___(take)partinanexplorationprojectatthelakehavefound__3__theybelievetobea1000-year-oldtemple__4__thewater.Diversfromthestudygrouphavediscovered__5__buildingscientiststhinkistheremainsofatemplebuiltbythepeoplewhooncelivedbesidethelake.Theprojectleadershopetobeginraisingimportantmaterialsfromthesitelaterthisweek__6__badweatherforcesachangeintheirplans.“Thescientistshavenotyethadtheopportunitytostudythematerialscarefully，”saidprojectdirector,JohnAubi.“Butsome__7__(put)forwardtheideathattheremainsdatefromthisperiodbecauseoftheir__8__(similar)tothosefoundelsewhere.”Theresearchteamhassofarthisyearmademorethan200divesintowater30metresdeep.Duringthesedives,__9__havebeenrecordingtheancientremainsonfilm.Therewillbeameeting__10__(start)laterthisyeartoreviewthefilm.1．______2.______3.______4.______5.______6．______7.______8.______9.______10.______E.閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Althoughfailing61（qualify）fortheFIFAWorldCupfinalssoccertournamentinQatar，Chinamadeahugecontributiontothe62（large）globalsportingeventintheworld．China-builtstadiums，roadsandmanyotherMade-in-Chinaproductshavewonpraise．63manyfansandpotentialcustomers．Inrecentmonths，LuoYang，asalesmanagerattheoverseasbusinessunitofHigerBusCo，abusandtruckmaker．64（base）inSuzhou，Jiangsuprovince，haskeptacloseeyeonthe1，815busesthatthecompany．65（sell）toQatarlastyear．Thesevehiclesoperatedshuttleservicesforthethousandsoffans，fficialsandjournalistsfromdifferentcountriesduringthetournament，66wasstagedfromNov20toDec18．“AftertheWorldCup，thebuseswillbeusedtotakechildrentoandfromschool，”Luosaid，67（add）thatchildmonitoringsystemsinthevehicleswillgiveasignalwhenabusarrivesatitsdestination．Thedriverthenmovesthroughthevehicletoensurethechildrenleave68（safe），beforepressingabuttontoturnoffthesound．69widerangeofChineseitemswereavailableatthetournament，includingkeyrings，horns，flags，clothingandshoesfromYiwu，Zhejiang，andJinjiang，F(xiàn)ujianprovince，aswellasfireworksfromLiuyang，Hunanprovince．Marketobserverssaidthe70（abundant）ofsuchproductsisduetoChina'sindustrialupgradingboom，well-developedsupplychains，andgreentransformation．答案：61.toqualify62.largest63.from64.based65.sold66.which67.adding68.safely69.A70.abundanceF.完形填空閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。MolaigrewupinatinyvillageinIndia.Thevillagelaynearsomewetlandswhichbecamehissecond_____21_____.Helearnedthevalueandbeautyof____22____therefromaveryyoungage.Whenhewas16,Molaibegantonoticesomething____23____happeningaroundhishome.Afloodhadhittheareaearlierthatyearandthe____24____itcausedhaddrivenawayanumberofbirds.____25____,thenumberofsnakeshaddeclinedaswell.He____26____thatitwasbecausethereweren’tenoughtreestoprotectthemfromthe____27____.Thesolution,ofcourse,wastoplanttreessotheanimalscouldseek____28____duringthedaytime.Heturnedtothe____29____departmentforhelpbutwastoldthatnothingwouldgrowthere.However,Molaiwentlookingonhisownand_____30_____anearbyislandwherehebegantoplanttrees.____31____youngplantsinthedryseasonwas______32______foraloneboy.Molaibuiltatthe_____33_____ofeachsapling(幼樹)abambooplatform,whereheplacedearthenpotswithsmallholesto______34______rainwater.Thewaterwouldthendrip(滴落)ontheplantsbelow.Molai_____35_____toplanttreesforthenext37years.Hiseffortshaveresultedin1,360acresofnaturally-grownlandthathasbecomehometomanyplantsandanimals.21.A.dream B.job C.home D.choice22.A.nature B.youth C.culture D.knowledge23.A.precious B.interesting C.disturbing D.awkward24.A.waste B.tension C.pain D.damage25.A.Besides B.However C.Therefore D.Otherwise26.A.agreed B.realized C.remembered D.predicted27.A.noise B.heat C.disease D.dust28.A.directions B.partners C.help D.shelter29.A.labor B.police C.forest D.finance30.A.rebuilt B.discovered C.left D.managed31.A.Decorating B.Observing C.Watering D.Guarding32.A.tough B.illegal C.fantastic D.beneficial33.A.back B.top C.foot D.side34.A.cooldown B.keepoff C.purify D.collect35.A.returned B.learned C.failed D.continued【答案】21.C22.A23.C24.D25.A26.B27.B28.D29.C30.B31.C32.A33.B34.D35.D【解析】這是一篇記敘文。Molai在印度的一個(gè)小村莊長(zhǎng)大。16歲的時(shí)候，一場(chǎng)洪水導(dǎo)致他的家園遭受巨大損失。樹木的缺乏導(dǎo)致這些動(dòng)物失去了遮蔽物，很多鳥兒離開，蛇類數(shù)量減少。Molai決定改變這一切，他經(jīng)過努力，在附近找到了一個(gè)小島，開始種樹。在30多年的時(shí)間里，他的努力使1360英畝的天然土地成為許多動(dòng)植物的家園。【21題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:這個(gè)村莊位于一些濕地附近，那里成了他的第二個(gè)家。A.dream夢(mèng)想；B.job工作；C.home家；D.choice選擇。根據(jù)空前的second可知，他出生的村莊是他的家，村莊附近的一些“濕地”成為了他的第二個(gè)“家”。故選C。【22題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:他從小就在那里了解到了大自然的價(jià)值和美麗。A.nature自然；B.youth青春，年輕；C.culture文化；D.knowledge知識(shí)。濕地展現(xiàn)了“大自然”的價(jià)值和美。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:16歲時(shí)，Molai開始注意到他的家周圍發(fā)生了一些令人不安的事情。A.precious寶貴的；B.interesting有趣的；C.disturbing令人不安的，引起煩惱的；D.awkward尷尬的，笨拙的。該段后半部分提到:洪水侵襲，很多鳥兒離開，蛇的數(shù)量減少。這些情況都不正常，令人不安。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:那年早些時(shí)候，一場(chǎng)洪水襲擊了這個(gè)地區(qū)，洪水造成的損害趕走了很多鳥類。A.waste廢物；B.tension緊張；C.pain疼痛，痛苦；D.damage損害，傷害。洪水侵襲這個(gè)地區(qū)，它會(huì)“損害”莊稼、樹木，這些都會(huì)導(dǎo)致鳥兒們離開。故選D?！?5題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意:此外，蛇的數(shù)量也減少了。A.Besides此外，另外；B.However但是；C.Therefore因此；D.Otherwise否則。根據(jù)aswell可知，洪水不僅導(dǎo)致很多鳥兒離開。而且，它還導(dǎo)致蛇的數(shù)量