2025【寒假伴學(xué)營】高三英語《鞏固復(fù)習(xí)》第03講選擇性必修三~選擇性必修四詞匯（練習(xí)）含答案及解析

第02講選擇性必修3~選擇性必修4詞匯考點(diǎn)目錄01模擬基礎(chǔ)練【題型一】易考單詞變形【題型二】核心單詞拼寫02重難創(chuàng)新練【題型一】閱讀詞匯和短語【題型二】完形詞匯和短語03真題實(shí)戰(zhàn)練題型一易考單詞變形1．SinceZhangjiajie(improve)itstransportationandserviceforlong,thecitynowcanreceive36,200touristsperday.2．Chinahasbeenmoreandmore(influence)sincethereformandopening-up.3．BaJingained(recognize)forwritingataveryyoungage,andtodayheisstillacknowledgedasoneofChina’sgreatestwriters.4．TheUNESCOWorldHeritageCenterrepeatedlyurgesthatsomeculturalrelicsinEgypt(restore)inordertopreventthemfromcollapse.5．Haiku,aJapanesepoetry,hasaformatofthreelines,containing5,7,and5syllables(respective).6．Itwasthestaff’sresolutionand(persevere)thathelpedthiscorporationcarrythroughitsgoalandsucceedeventually.7．Inmanycountries,ifsomeoneisaccusedofacrime,heorsheisconsidered(innocence)untilthecourtprovesthatheorsheisguilty.8．Hewasavictimof(race)prejudice.9．We’llhavereportersthereforyouallweeklongtokeepyou(update)onthestorm.10．(nail)thetwoshelvestogether,shewipedawaythesweatandhadarest.11．Thechefsaidthemenu(adjust)tosuitlocaltastes.That’swhymorecustomerswerefloodingintotherestaurant.12．Itwasreallycoldoutside,butJethrostayedindoors(wrap)inawarmblanket(毯子)anddrinkinghotchocolate.13．Hewentfromdoortodoor(find)apartnerwhocouldhelp.14．Onlyinretrospect(回顧)didthevalueofappreciatingamoviewithoutjudging,(accompany)bythejoyofsharingbecomeself-evidenttome.15．Togetreallygoodatsomething,oneneedstospendatleast10,000hours(study)andpracticing.題型二核心單詞拼寫16．Thereport(以……為基礎(chǔ))ontheresearchwaslaunchedlater.17．Shewasforcedtohaveherbaby(領(lǐng)養(yǎng))aftershewassentencedtoprison.18．(任命)tobemanagerofthecompany,theyoungmanfeltexcited.19．Tobeginwith,we’dfeel(榮幸)ifyoucouldmatchusaccordingtoouroralEnglishlevels,ratherthanpairusrandomly.20．Shewassoconsideratethatshewalkedtocomfortthegirl(驚慌)bythenews.21．Whenhecametohimself,hefoundhimself(被鎖在)intheroom.22．Tofindoutthetruth,thepoliceofficershavetoconducta(詳盡的)reviewofthecase.23．Lastweek,theteacher(布置)anessayaboutenvironmentalprotectiontothem.24．Apersonmustshowsome(自制力)toreachthegoalofchange.25．Thereweresomeextraordinarily(逼真的，栩栩如生的)paintingsofEuropeondisplay.題型一閱讀詞匯和短語閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。A（2024·浙江·二模）Adiethighinproteinisoftenpromotedaspartofahealthylifestyle,andmanydietsencourageconsumerstoreducefatsinfavorofproteintoloseweightandgainleanmuscle.ForthestudyinNatureMetabolism,BettinaMittendorferandcolleaguesfoundthatwhileincreasingtheproportionofproteinindailycalorieintakeisbeneficial,consumingproteintoomuchnotonlydoesn’taddtothedevelopmentofleanmusclebutcancauseunintendednegativehealtheffects.“Consumersarebeingledtobelievethattheycannevergettoomuchproteinintheirdiet,”saysMittendorfer.“However,ourresearchshowsthatspecificaminoacids(氨基酸),whicharethebuildingblocksofprotein,cantriggerheartdiseasethroughasignalingmechanismatthecellularlevelintheblood.”Anaminoacidfoundinanimal-proteinfoods,suchasbeef,eggs,andmilk,wasfoundtoberesponsibleforsignalingactivityincellsthattypicallyclearawayrubbishinbloodvessels.Asconsumptionofdietaryproteinincreases,sodoestheconsumptionofleucine(亮氨酸),thespecificaminoacidresponsiblefortriggeringthiscellularactivityintheblood.Whenfunctioningnormally,thesecellsworktokeepbloodvesselsfreefromplaque(血小板)buildup.Whentheirproductionbecomesoveractive,theresultingaccumulationofspentcellsinthevascularsystemcancausetheplaquebuildupandblockagestheyaresupposedtoprevent.Theresultinghardeningofthearteries(動脈)isaleadingriskfactorforheartattackandstroke.“OurhopeistoeventuallyfindtheGoldilocksapproachformaximizingthehealthbenefitsofdietaryprotein,suchasbuildingleanmuscle,whileavoidingthehealthdrawbacksfromoverconsumption.”saysMittendorfer.Theresearchersfoundthatconsumingmorethan22%ofdailycaloriesfromproteincarriesmoredownsideriskthandietarybenefit.Foranormaladult,20to30gramsofproteinpermeal,or60to90gramsofproteinperdayisadequatetosupporthealth.Thestudycombinedhumantrialswithexperimentsinmiceandcells.1．Whichofthefollowingisthefindingoftheresearch?A．Itisbeneficialtotakeinproteinindailydiets.B．Adiethighinproteinisalwaysconsideredasahealthylifestyle.C．Manyconsumersareinfavorofproteintoloseweightandgainmuscle.D．Consumingproteintoomuchdoesn’tdogoodtotheleanmuscledevelopment.2．Whichofthefollowingismostlikelytocauseheartattackandstroke?A．Theplaquebuildup. B．Animal-proteinfoods.C．Thehardeningofthearteries. D．Overactivecellularactivityintheblood.3．Whatistheproperwaytomakegooduseofprotein?A．Totakeinproperamountofproteinpermeal.B．Toexerciseeverydayinordertobuildleanmuscle.C．Toconsumemorethan22%ofdailycaloriesfromprotein.D．Todomoreexperimentsinmiceandcellstoprovideevidence.4．Whatdoweknowaboutthestudy?A．Itisconductedinarelativelyscientificway.B．Itfinallyfindsaproperapproachtokeepfit.C．Itistotallyagainstwhatpeoplehavebelieved.D．Itoffersadietstandardforpeopleofallagesallovertheworld.B（2024·湖南·二模）TheCaliforniaseaotter(海獺),oncehuntedtotheedgeofextinction,hasstagedathrillingcomebackinthelastcentury.Now,scientistshavediscoveredthattheotters’successstoryhasledtosomethingjustasremarkable:therestorationoftheirdecliningcoastalmarsh(沼澤)habitat.ElkhornSlough,acoastalmarshwithinMontereyBay,hadbeenexperiencingseveredamage.Therootcausewasagrowingpopulationofshorecrabs,whichfedheavilyonthemarshplants,weakeningthestructuralintegrityofthehabitat.Coastalmarsheslikethesearenotonlynaturaldefensesagainststormwavesbutalsoserveasimportantcarbonstorageareasandwater-cleaningsystems.Theconservation-drivencomebackoftheseaotterhasbeencrucial.California’scoastlineswereoncealivewithseaotters.Sadly,theywerenearlywipedoutatthehandsoffurtraders.Inthe1980s,conservationeffortsaidedtheseottersinre-occupyinglargeareasoftheirformerrange.Now,ElkhornSloughhasthehighestconcentrationofseaottersinCalifornia,withapopulationofabout100.Bynaturallyfeastingoncrabs,theottershavehelpedasignificantregrowthofplantlife.BrentHughes,ascientistworkingalongsideAngelini,ledathree-yearstudy.Theirfindingswereclear:inareaswithseaotters,crabnumbersfellmarkedly.Thisledtoaresurgenceinplantgrowth,whichinturnstabilizedthesoilandloweredtherateofsoilwashingaway.Astheseaotterpopulationcontinuestorestore,theirpositiveimpactoncoastalecosystemsislikelytoincrease.Itnotonlyshowcasestheseaotterasacentralspecies—aspeciesthathasasignificanteffectonitsnaturalenvironment—butalsohighlightstheessentialnatureoftoppredators(捕食者)inpreservingecologicalharmony.“Myhonestreactionwas—thiscouldbecomeaclassicintheliterature,”saysscientistLekeliaJenkins.Sherevealsmarshrestorationalsohelpspeoplebyreducingflooding.“Suddenly,seaottersgofromjustcutethingsweliketosomethingthatcanprotectourlivelihoodsandourproperties.”5．Whatchangedidthedisappearanceofseaottersbringabout?A．Fewerpredatorycrabs. B．Morecoastalplantlife.C．Betterwater-cleaningeffect. D．Worsecoastalecologicalbalance.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“resurgence”inparagraph3mean?A．Barrier. B．Advancement. C．Expansion. D．Revival.7．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinquotingLekeliaJenkins?A．Tohighlighttheimportanceofcoastalmarshes.B．Tointroduceanewresearchstudyonseaotters.C．Todemonstratethepracticalbenefitsofseaotters.D．Toemphasizetheneedforincreasedconservationefforts.8．Whatmessageisconveyedfromseaotters’impact?A．Thenecessityforcontrolledhunting.B．Theinterconnectednessoftheecosystem.C．Thedrawbacksofwildlifereintroduction.D．Theneedforhumaninterventioninnature.題型二完形填空詞匯和短語閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。（2024·河北·一模）Myworkincancerresearchwasgeneratingalotofwasteeveryday.Asourresearchturnedtofullcapacity,ourwasteproduction1.Iwenttomyadviserandsuggestedtheideaof23D-printedlabtoolsoutofsomeofourwaste.She3meandthenIsecuredfundingtopurchaserecyclingequipment.Butaftermonthsof4,theprojectdidn’tgoasIhadimaginedandprogressedslowly.Soitwasawelcome5whenmyco-workersbrainstormedotherwaystoreduceourenvironmental6Wecreatedagrouptopushforgreenerwaysto7.Webeganmeetingmonthlytocomeupwithsolutions.Overthefollowingmonths,we8newrecyclingbinstoeachlabsothatourplasticwastecouldbesorted9.Wecreatedrulesforeachdevicetobeenergy-efficient.I’mstilldisappointedthatIcouldn’tfullyrealizemy3D-printing10.Iamstubbornenoughtokeeptrying.ButI’vealsolearnedthatifoneapproachisn’tworking,sometimesit’sbestto11andlookforothersolutions.I’mthankfulthatwiththehelpofthe12communityaroundme,weareabletodothat.Iencouragescientistseverywheretothinkaboutwaystoreducethe13impactoftheirownresearch.Theworkwedoisimportant.Butweshouldalsodoourparttobeassustainableaswecan.Afterall,what14doesoursciencehaveif,ultimately,thereremainsno15planetwecancallourhome?1．A．returned B．declined C．stabilized D．rocketed2．A．creating B．buying C．borrowing D．renting3．A．suspected B．criticized C．encouraged D．comforted4．A．struggle B．discussion C．training D．confusion5．A．source B．relief C．target D．success6．A．distribution B．option C．phase D．footprint7．A．cure B．defend C．operate D．negotiate8．A．commented B．introduced C．moved D．knocked9．A．properly B．typically C．naturally D．a(chǎn)nnually10．A．recipe B．prevention C．vision D．a(chǎn)ssociation11．A．setoff B．speakout C．holdon D．stepback12．A．local B．a(chǎn)cademic C．final D．new13．A．fundamental B．historical C．environmental D．financial14．A．significance B．possibility C．fortune D．depth15．A．broad B．supportive C．different D．particular（2024年浙江卷1月閱讀理解A篇）TomSawyerPlayIsanAdventureA35-minutehand-clapping,foot-stompingmusicalversionofaMarkTwainfavoritereturnswiththisTallStacksfestival.“TomSawyer:ARiverAdventure”hasallthegoodstuff,includingthefencepainting,thegraveyard,theislandandthecave.ItisadaptedbyJoeMcDonough,withmusicbyDavidKisor.That’sthelocalstagewritingteamthatcreatesmanyoftheChildren’sTheatreofCincinnati’soriginalmusicals,alongwiththeholidayfamilymusicalsatEnsembleTheatre.ThisyearNathanTurnerofBurlingtonisTomSawyer,andRobbieMcMathofFortMitchellisHuckFinn.Tumer,a10th-graderatSchoolforCreativeandPerformingArts,isafamiliarpresenceonCincinnati’sstages.HeisastaractorofChildren’sTheatre,havingplayedleadingrolesin“TheLegendofSleepyHollow”and“TheWizardofOz,”andisfreshfromJerseyProduction“Ragtime”.McMathisajunioratBeechwoodHighSchool.Hewasinthecastof“TomSawyer”whenitwasfirstperformedandisaChildren’sTheatreregular,withfiveshowstohiscredit.ThissummerheattendedKentucky’sGovernor’sSchoolfortheArtsinMusicalTheatre.Notetoteachers:Children’sTheatrehasastudyguidedemonstratinghowmathandsciencecanbetaughtthrough“TomSawyer.”Fordownloadablelessons,visittheofficialwebsiteofChildren’sTheatre.1.Whowrotethemusicfor“TomSawyer:ARiverAdventure”?A.DavidKisor. B.JoeMcDonough.C.NathanTurner. D.RobbieMcMath.2.Whatcanwelearnaboutthetwoactors?A.Theystudyinthesameschool. B.Theyworkedtogetherin”Ragtime“.C.Theyareexperiencedonstage. D.Theybecamefriendstenyearsago.3.WhatdoesChildren’sTheatreprovideforteachers?A.Researchfunding. B.Trainingopportunities.C.Technicalsupport. D.Educationalresources.（2022·新高考II卷閱讀理解C篇）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,andpublicservicecampaignshavetriedawiderangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhentheyarebehindthewheel.Yettheproblem,byjustaboutanymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.Americansarestilltextingwhiledriving,aswellasusingsocialnetworksandtakingphotos.Roadaccidents,whichhadfallenforyears,arenowrisingsharply.Thatispartlybecausepeoplearedrivingmore,butMarkRosekind,thechiefoftheNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration,saiddistracted（分心）drivingwas"onlyincreasing,unfortunately.""Bigchangerequiresbigideas."hesaidinaspeechlastmonth,referringbroadlytotheneedtoimproveroadsafety.Sototrytochangeadistinctlymodernbehavior,lawmakersandpublichealthexpertsarereachingbacktoanoldapproach:Theywanttotreatdistracteddrivinglikedrunkdriving.AnideafromlawmakersinNewYorkistogivepoliceofficersanewdevicecalledtheTextalyzer.Itwouldworklikethis:AnofficerarrivingatthesceneofacrashcouldaskforthephonesofthedriversandusetheTextalyzertocheckintheoperatingsystemforrecentactivity.Thetechnologycoulddeterminewhetheradriverhadjusttexted,emailedordoneanythingelsethatisnotallowedunderNewYork'shands-freedrivinglaws."Weneedsomethingonthebooksthatcanchangepeople'sbehavior,”saidFélixW.Ortiz,whopushedforthestate's2001banonhand-helddevicesbydrivers.IftheTextalyzerbillbecomeslaw,hesaid,"peoplearegoingtobemoreafraidtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone."8.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebanondrivers'textingintheUS?A.Ineffective. B.Unnecessary.C.Inconsistent. D.Unfair.9.WhatcantheTextalyzerhelpapoliceofficerfindout?A.Whereadrivercamefrom. B.Whetheradriverusedtheirphone.C.Howfastadriverwasgoing. D.Whenadriverarrivedatthescene.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"something"inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Advice. B.Data. C.Tests. D.Laws.11.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ToDriveorNottoDrive?ThinkBeforeYouStartB.TextingandDriving?WatchOutfortheTextalyzerC.NewYorkBanningHand-HeldDevicesbyDrivers.D.TheNextGenerationCellPhone:TheTextalyzer-

第02講選擇性必修3~選擇性必修4詞匯考點(diǎn)目錄01模擬基礎(chǔ)練【題型一】易考單詞變形【題型二】核心單詞拼寫02重難創(chuàng)新練【題型一】閱讀詞匯和短語【題型二】完形詞匯和短語03真題實(shí)戰(zhàn)練題型一易考單詞變形1．SinceZhangjiajie(improve)itstransportationandserviceforlong,thecitynowcanreceive36,200touristsperday.【答案】hasbeenimproving【解析】考查謂語動詞時態(tài)及主謂一致。句意：由于張家界長期以來一直在改善其交通和服務(wù)，該市現(xiàn)在每天可以接待36200名游客。所給動詞improve在since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句中作謂語，根據(jù)時間狀語forlong，并結(jié)合主句時態(tài)可知，該空應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時，主語Zhangjiajie為單數(shù)名詞，助動詞應(yīng)使用單三形式。故填hasbeenimproving。2．Chinahasbeenmoreandmore(influence)sincethereformandopening-up.【答案】influential【解析】考查形容詞。句意：改革開放以來，中國的影響力越來越大。提示詞作表語，用形容influential構(gòu)成比較級，表明主語的性質(zhì)和屬性，意為“有影響力的”。故填influential。3．BaJingained(recognize)forwritingataveryyoungage,andtodayheisstillacknowledgedasoneofChina’sgreatestwriters.【答案】recognition【解析】考查名詞。句意：巴金在很小的時候就因?qū)懽鞫@得認(rèn)可，今天他仍然被公認(rèn)為中國最偉大的作家之一。根據(jù)句意及英文提示可知，此處使用名詞recognition“承認(rèn)”，作gained的賓語。故填recognition。4．TheUNESCOWorldHeritageCenterrepeatedlyurgesthatsomeculturalrelicsinEgypt(restore)inordertopreventthemfromcollapse.【答案】(should)berestored【解析】考查虛擬語氣和被動語態(tài)。句意：聯(lián)合國教科文組織(UNESCO)世界遺產(chǎn)中心為了防止埃及的部分文物倒塌，一再敦促對其進(jìn)行修復(fù)?？仗帒?yīng)填謂語動詞，表示建議、要求或命令的動詞urge/advise/suggest/command/demand,etc.其后接賓語從句時，從句謂語動詞應(yīng)用(should)+動詞原形，should可以省略，從句主語someculturalrelics與restore之間為被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。故填(should)berestored。5．Haiku,aJapanesepoetry,hasaformatofthreelines,containing5,7,and5syllables(respective).【答案】respectively【解析】考查副詞。句意：俳句是一種日本詩歌，有三行格式，分別包含5、7和5個音節(jié)。由句意空處應(yīng)填副詞形式，作狀語，修飾containing。故填respectively。6．Itwasthestaff’sresolutionand(persevere)thathelpedthiscorporationcarrythroughitsgoalandsucceedeventually.【答案】perseverance【解析】考查名詞。句意：是員工的決心和毅力幫助這家公司實(shí)現(xiàn)了目標(biāo)并最終取得了成功?？仗幒兔~resolution并列作強(qiáng)調(diào)句的主語，應(yīng)用名詞形式perseverance，perseverance為不可數(shù)名詞，故填perseverance。7．Inmanycountries,ifsomeoneisaccusedofacrime,heorsheisconsidered(innocence)untilthecourtprovesthatheorsheisguilty.【答案】innocent【解析】考查形容詞。句意：在許多國家，如果某人被指控犯罪，在法庭證明他或她有罪之前，他或她被視為無罪。分析句子可知，空處應(yīng)填形容詞innocent“無罪的”在句中作主語補(bǔ)足語。故填innocent。8．Hewasavictimof(race)prejudice.【答案】racial【解析】考查形容詞。句意：他是種族偏見的受害者。修飾名詞prejudice，需用形容詞racial，作定語。故填racial。9．We’llhavereportersthereforyouallweeklongtokeepyou(update)onthestorm.【答案】updated【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：我們將在那里安排記者，為你提供整整一周的有關(guān)風(fēng)暴的最新消息。設(shè)空處作賓語補(bǔ)足語，賓語you與動詞update“給……提供最新信息”之間為邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，設(shè)空處填過去分詞updated。故填updated。10．(nail)thetwoshelvestogether,shewipedawaythesweatandhadarest.【答案】Havingnailed【解析】考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：把兩個架子釘在一起后，她擦了擦汗，休息了一會兒。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)為非謂語動詞作狀語，nail與邏輯主語she之間為主動關(guān)系，且發(fā)生在謂語動詞wiped之前，所以此處使用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式，即havingnailed，且位于句首，having的首字母需大寫。故填Havingnailed。11．Thechefsaidthemenu(adjust)tosuitlocaltastes.That’swhymorecustomerswerefloodingintotherestaurant.【答案】hadbeenadjusted【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：廚師說菜單已經(jīng)調(diào)整以適應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)厝说目谖?。這就是為什么越來越多的顧客涌入餐館?？仗帒?yīng)填謂語動詞，由句意及That’swhymorecustomerswerefloodingintotherestaurant可知themenu與adjust之間為被動關(guān)系且動作發(fā)生在過去的過去，應(yīng)用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。故填hadbeenadjusted。12．Itwasreallycoldoutside,butJethrostayedindoors(wrap)inawarmblanket(毯子)anddrinkinghotchocolate.【答案】wrapped【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：外面真的很冷，但葉忒羅裹著溫暖的毯子呆在家里，喝著熱巧克力。分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空處是非謂語動詞，固定短語bewrappedin表示“被包裹在”，wrap和Jethro邏輯上是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用wrap的過去分詞形式，和drinking并列，作方式狀語，說明謂語行為發(fā)生的方式。故填wrapped。13．Hewentfromdoortodoor(find)apartnerwhocouldhelp.【答案】tofind【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：他挨家挨戶地尋找能夠幫忙的伙伴。分析句子可知，空處應(yīng)填動詞不定式，在句中作目的狀語。故填tofind。14．Onlyinretrospect(回顧)didthevalueofappreciatingamoviewithoutjudging,(accompany)bythejoyofsharingbecomeself-evidenttome.【答案】accompanied【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：只有回顧時，不加評判地欣賞一部電影，伴隨著分享的喜悅，這種價值對我來說才變得不言而喻。分析句子可知，句子使用了部分倒裝，已有謂語動詞，空處是非謂語動詞，accompany“伴隨”和thevalueofappreciatingamovie邏輯上是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用accompany的過去分詞形式，作定語。故填accompanied。15．Togetreallygoodatsomething,oneneedstospendatleast10,000hours(study)andpracticing.【答案】studying【解析】考查動名詞。句意：要想真正擅長某件事，一個人需要花費(fèi)至少10000個小時的學(xué)習(xí)和練習(xí)。固定短語spendtime(in)doingsth：花費(fèi)時間做某事，故填studying。題型二核心單詞拼寫16．Thereport(以……為基礎(chǔ))ontheresearchwaslaunchedlater.【答案】based【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：以該研究為基礎(chǔ)的報告隨后發(fā)布。根據(jù)漢語提示可知，base“以……為基礎(chǔ)”，動詞，和report之間是動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞作后置定語，故填based。17．Shewasforcedtohaveherbaby(領(lǐng)養(yǎng))aftershewassentencedtoprison.【答案】adopted【解析】考查過去分詞。句意：她被判入獄后，被迫讓人收養(yǎng)了她的孩子。根據(jù)提示的漢語，表示“領(lǐng)養(yǎng)”應(yīng)為adopt，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為“have+賓語+賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，herbaby與adopt之間為被動關(guān)系，所以此處使用過去分詞形式。故填adopted。18．(任命)tobemanagerofthecompany,theyoungmanfeltexcited.【答案】Appointed【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：被任命為公司經(jīng)理，這個年輕人感到很興奮?！叭蚊庇脛釉~appoint，與邏輯主語theyoungman之間為被動關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞作狀語。根據(jù)漢語提示及句意，故填A(yù)ppointed。19．Tobeginwith,we’dfeel(榮幸)ifyoucouldmatchusaccordingtoouroralEnglishlevels,ratherthanpairusrandomly.【答案】privileged【解析】考查形容詞。句意：首先，如果您能根據(jù)我們的英語口語水平給我們配對，而不是隨意配對，我們會感到很榮幸。根據(jù)漢語提示“榮幸”可知，此處為形容詞privileged，作表語。故填privileged。20．Shewassoconsideratethatshewalkedtocomfortthegirl(驚慌)bythenews.【答案】panicked【解析】考查動詞。句意：她很體貼，走過去安慰那個被消息嚇壞的女孩。根據(jù)漢語提示可知應(yīng)用動詞panic，與girl構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作定語。故填panicked。21．Whenhecametohimself,hefoundhimself(被鎖在)intheroom.【答案】locked【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：當(dāng)他清醒過來時，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被鎖在房間里了?！氨绘i在”作賓語補(bǔ)足語，用動詞lock，與其邏輯主語himself之間是被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞表被動。故填locked。22．Tofindoutthetruth,thepoliceofficershavetoconducta(詳盡的)reviewofthecase.【答案】thorough【解析】考查形容詞。句意：為了查明真相，警察們必須對這個案件進(jìn)行詳盡的審查?！霸敱M的”修飾名詞review，用形容詞thorough作定語。故填thorough。23．Lastweek,theteacher(布置)anessayaboutenvironmentalprotectiontothem.【答案】assigned【解析】考查動詞。句意：上周，老師布置了一篇關(guān)于環(huán)境保護(hù)的作文給他們。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)為謂語動詞，根據(jù)提示的漢語，表示“布置”應(yīng)為assign，根據(jù)時間狀語lastweek可知，此處應(yīng)為一般過去時，且與主語theteacher之間為主動關(guān)系，所以謂語動詞應(yīng)為assigned。故填assigned。24．Apersonmustshowsome(自制力)toreachthegoalofchange.【答案】discipline【解析】考查名詞。句意：一個人必須表現(xiàn)出一定的自律才能達(dá)到改變的目標(biāo)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為名詞作賓語，根據(jù)提示的漢語，表示“自制力”應(yīng)為discipline，且為不可數(shù)名詞。故填discipline。25．Thereweresomeextraordinarily(逼真的，栩栩如生的)paintingsofEuropeondisplay.【答案】realistic【解析】考查形容詞。句意：有一些非常逼真的歐洲繪畫作品在展出。根據(jù)漢語提示和空后的paintingsofEurope可知，這里應(yīng)用形容詞realistic，作定語。故填realistic。題型一閱讀詞匯和短語閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。A（2024·浙江·二模）Adiethighinproteinisoftenpromotedaspartofahealthylifestyle,andmanydietsencourageconsumerstoreducefatsinfavorofproteintoloseweightandgainleanmuscle.ForthestudyinNatureMetabolism,BettinaMittendorferandcolleaguesfoundthatwhileincreasingtheproportionofproteinindailycalorieintakeisbeneficial,consumingproteintoomuchnotonlydoesn’taddtothedevelopmentofleanmusclebutcancauseunintendednegativehealtheffects.“Consumersarebeingledtobelievethattheycannevergettoomuchproteinintheirdiet,”saysMittendorfer.“However,ourresearchshowsthatspecificaminoacids(氨基酸),whicharethebuildingblocksofprotein,cantriggerheartdiseasethroughasignalingmechanismatthecellularlevelintheblood.”Anaminoacidfoundinanimal-proteinfoods,suchasbeef,eggs,andmilk,wasfoundtoberesponsibleforsignalingactivityincellsthattypicallyclearawayrubbishinbloodvessels.Asconsumptionofdietaryproteinincreases,sodoestheconsumptionofleucine(亮氨酸),thespecificaminoacidresponsiblefortriggeringthiscellularactivityintheblood.Whenfunctioningnormally,thesecellsworktokeepbloodvesselsfreefromplaque(血小板)buildup.Whentheirproductionbecomesoveractive,theresultingaccumulationofspentcellsinthevascularsystemcancausetheplaquebuildupandblockagestheyaresupposedtoprevent.Theresultinghardeningofthearteries(動脈)isaleadingriskfactorforheartattackandstroke.“OurhopeistoeventuallyfindtheGoldilocksapproachformaximizingthehealthbenefitsofdietaryprotein,suchasbuildingleanmuscle,whileavoidingthehealthdrawbacksfromoverconsumption.”saysMittendorfer.Theresearchersfoundthatconsumingmorethan22%ofdailycaloriesfromproteincarriesmoredownsideriskthandietarybenefit.Foranormaladult,20to30gramsofproteinpermeal,or60to90gramsofproteinperdayisadequatetosupporthealth.Thestudycombinedhumantrialswithexperimentsinmiceandcells.1．Whichofthefollowingisthefindingoftheresearch?A．Itisbeneficialtotakeinproteinindailydiets.B．Adiethighinproteinisalwaysconsideredasahealthylifestyle.C．Manyconsumersareinfavorofproteintoloseweightandgainmuscle.D．Consumingproteintoomuchdoesn’tdogoodtotheleanmuscledevelopment.2．Whichofthefollowingismostlikelytocauseheartattackandstroke?A．Theplaquebuildup. B．Animal-proteinfoods.C．Thehardeningofthearteries. D．Overactivecellularactivityintheblood.3．Whatistheproperwaytomakegooduseofprotein?A．Totakeinproperamountofproteinpermeal.B．Toexerciseeverydayinordertobuildleanmuscle.C．Toconsumemorethan22%ofdailycaloriesfromprotein.D．Todomoreexperimentsinmiceandcellstoprovideevidence.4．Whatdoweknowaboutthestudy?A．Itisconductedinarelativelyscientificway.B．Itfinallyfindsaproperapproachtokeepfit.C．Itistotallyagainstwhatpeoplehavebelieved.D．Itoffersadietstandardforpeopleofallagesallovertheworld.【答案】1．D2．C3．A4．A【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要說明了每日攝入過量蛋白質(zhì)將導(dǎo)致心臟病、中風(fēng)等疾病，并提出合理的蛋白質(zhì)攝入量。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“ForthestudyinNatureMetabolism,BettinaMittendorferandcolleaguesfoundthatwhileincreasingtheproportionofproteinindailycalorieintakeisbeneficial,consumingproteintoomuchnotonlydoesn’taddtothedevelopmentofleanmusclebutcancauseunintendednegativehealtheffects.(BettinaMittendorfer及其同事在《自然代謝》雜志上發(fā)表的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，雖然增加每日卡路里攝入量中蛋白質(zhì)的比例是有益的，但攝入過多的蛋白質(zhì)不僅不會促進(jìn)瘦肌肉的發(fā)育，還會對健康造成意想不到的負(fù)面影響。)”可知，攝入過度蛋白質(zhì)對身體健康不利。故選D。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Theresultinghardeningofthearteries(動脈)isaleadingriskfactorforheartattackandstroke.(由此導(dǎo)致的動脈硬化是心臟病發(fā)作和中風(fēng)的主要危險因素。)”可推知，心臟病和中風(fēng)直接的原因是動脈硬化。故選C。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第七段中的“Foranormaladult,20to30gramsofproteinpermeal,or60to90gramsofproteinperdayisadequatetosupporthealth.(對于一個正常的成年人來說，每餐20至30克蛋白質(zhì)，或每天60至90克蛋白質(zhì)足以維持健康。)”可知，為了健康，成年人需要攝入適當(dāng)量（20-30克）的蛋白質(zhì)。故選A。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thestudycombinedhumantrialswithexperimentsinmiceandcells.(該研究將人體試驗(yàn)與小鼠和細(xì)胞試驗(yàn)結(jié)合起來。)”可知，該研究結(jié)合了人類的實(shí)驗(yàn)、和老鼠、細(xì)胞中的結(jié)論。整個研究相對科學(xué)、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。選A。B（2024·湖南·二模）TheCaliforniaseaotter(海獺),oncehuntedtotheedgeofextinction,hasstagedathrillingcomebackinthelastcentury.Now,scientistshavediscoveredthattheotters’successstoryhasledtosomethingjustasremarkable:therestorationoftheirdecliningcoastalmarsh(沼澤)habitat.ElkhornSlough,acoastalmarshwithinMontereyBay,hadbeenexperiencingseveredamage.Therootcausewasagrowingpopulationofshorecrabs,whichfedheavilyonthemarshplants,weakeningthestructuralintegrityofthehabitat.Coastalmarsheslikethesearenotonlynaturaldefensesagainststormwavesbutalsoserveasimportantcarbonstorageareasandwater-cleaningsystems.Theconservation-drivencomebackoftheseaotterhasbeencrucial.California’scoastlineswereoncealivewithseaotters.Sadly,theywerenearlywipedoutatthehandsoffurtraders.Inthe1980s,conservationeffortsaidedtheseottersinre-occupyinglargeareasoftheirformerrange.Now,ElkhornSloughhasthehighestconcentrationofseaottersinCalifornia,withapopulationofabout100.Bynaturallyfeastingoncrabs,theottershavehelpedasignificantregrowthofplantlife.BrentHughes,ascientistworkingalongsideAngelini,ledathree-yearstudy.Theirfindingswereclear:inareaswithseaotters,crabnumbersfellma