全國用高考英語二輪復習與增分策略專題二七選五第一節(jié)四大解題技巧講義

第一節(jié)四大解題技巧專題二七選五欄目索引一、掃讀全文，確定關鍵詞二、語意判斷三、黃金三步驟四、代入復讀

(2017·全國Ⅰ)IfanyonehadtoldmethreeyearsagothatIwouldbespendingmostofmyweekendscamping，Iwouldhavelaughedheartily.Campers，inmyeyes，werepeoplewhoenjoyedinsectbites，ill-cookedmeals，anduncomfortablesleepingbags.Theyhadnothingincommonwithme.36

一、掃讀全文，確定關鍵詞典例1Thefriendswhointroducedmetocampingthoughtthatitmeanttobeapioneer.37.(C.Thetriptheytookmeonwasaroughone.)Wesleptinatent，cookedoveranopenfire，andwalkedalongdistancetotaketheshowerandusethebathroom.ThisbriefvisitwithMotherNaturecostmetwodaysofffromwork，recoveringfromabadcaseofsunburnandthedoctor’sbillformyson’sfoodpoisoning.Iwas，nevertheless，talkedintogoingonanotherfun-filledholidayinthewilderness.38.(A.Thistimetherewasnotent.)Instead，wehadapop-upcamperwithcomfortablebedsandanairconditioner.Mynature-lovingfriendshadrememberedtobringallthenecessitiesoflife.39．(F.Afterthetrip，myfamilybecamequiteinterestedincamping.)Wehavedonealotofitsince.Recently，weboughtatwenty-eight-foottraveltrailercompletewithabathroomandabuilt-inTVset.Thereisaseparatebedroom，amodernkitchenwitharefrigerator.Thetrailerevenhasmatchingcarpetandcurtains.40．(E.ImustsaythatIhavecertainlycometoenjoycamping.)Itmustbetruethatsoonerorlater，everyonefindshisorherwaybacktonature.Irecommendthatyoufindyourwayinstyle.A.Thistimetherewasnotent.B.Thingsaregoingtobeimproved.C.Thetriptheytookmeonwasaroughone.D.Iwastolearnalotaboutcampingsincethen，however.E.ImustsaythatIhavecertainlycometoenjoycamping.F.Afterthetrip，myfamilybecamequiteinterestedincamping.G.Therewasnoshadeasthetreeswerenomorethan3feettall.解析掃讀全文可知本文是一篇記敘文，關鍵詞是露營(camping)。根據(jù)前文可知三年前作者認為露營和自己無關，而后文中表明作者熱愛露營，暗示此處作者對待露營的情感態(tài)度應該出現(xiàn)轉變。D選項中的however表示轉折，且sincethen“自從那時候起”和前文時間吻合。故選D?！檀鸢附馕鳇c津七選五是一篇短文，因此多數(shù)閱讀技巧對此適用。掃讀全文，尤其是首尾段、首尾句以及獨立成段的句子和文章中帶轉折詞的句子等，目的是找出主題詞并掌握文章的主要內容。正確答案往往與主題詞有高度的重合性：“形似、意似”。(2016·全國Ⅰ)Secretcodes(密碼)keepmessagesprivate.Banks，companies，andgovernmentagenciesusesecretcodesindoingbusiness，especiallywheninformationissentbycomputer.Peoplehaveusedsecretcodesforthousandsofyears.36.(D.Aslongastherehavebeencodes，peoplehavetriedtobreakthem.)Codebreakingneverlags(落后)farbehindcodemaking.Thescienceofcreatingandreadingcodedmessagesiscalledcryptography.牛刀小試1Therearethreemaintypesofcryptography.37.(E.Youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspellitout.)Forexample，thefirstlettersof“Myelephanteatstoomanyeels”spelloutthehiddenmessage“Meetme.”38.(G.Anotherwaytohideamessageistousesymbolstostandforspecificlettersofthealphabet.)Youmightrepresenteachletterwithanumber，forexample.Let’snumberthelettersofthealphabet，inorder，from1to26.Ifwesubstituteanumberforeachletter，themessage“Meetme”wouldread“135520135.”Acodeusessymbolstoreplacewords，phrases，orsentences.Toreadthemessageofarealcode，youmusthaveacodebook.39.(F.Withacodebook，youmightwritedownwordsthatwouldstandforotherwords.)Forexample，“bridge”mightstandfor“meet”and“out”mightstandfor“me.”Themessage“Bridgeout”wouldactuallymean“Meetme.”

40However，itisalsohardtokeepacodebooksecretforlong.Socodesmustbechangedfrequently.A.Itisveryhardtobreakacodewithoutthecodebook.B.Inanylanguage，somelettersareusedmorethanothers.C.Onlypeoplewhoknowthekeywordcanreadthemessage.D.Aslongastherehavebeencodes，peoplehavetriedtobreakthem.E.Youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspellitout.F.Withacodebook，youmightwritedownwordsthatwouldstandforotherwords.G.Anotherwaytohideamessageistousesymbolstostandforspecificlettersofthealphabet.√答案解析解析

掃讀全文可知本文是一篇說明文，向讀者介紹了密碼(code)在生活中的作用及密碼學(cryptography)的三種主要類型。分析語境可知，該處仍在談論密碼本，且與下句構成轉折，由此可鎖定A項為正確答案。

(2017·全國Ⅰ，片段)Wesleptinatent，cookedoveranopenfire，andwalkedalongdistancetotaketheshowerandusethebathroom.ThisbriefvisitwithMotherNaturecostmetwodaysofffromwork，recoveringfromabadcaseofsunburnandthedoctor’sbillformyson’sfoodpoisoning.Iwas，nevertheless，talkedintogoingonanotherfun-filledholidayinthewilderness.38Instead，wehadapop-upcamperwithcomfortablebedsandanairconditioner.Mynature-lovingfriendshadrememberedtobringallthenecessitiesoflife.二、語意判斷典例2解析

根據(jù)前文“Wesleptinatent...”可知作者第一次露營時住帳篷，而后文中“Instead，wehadapop-upcamperwithcomfortablebedsandanairconditioner.”說明作者這次露營有床有空調。由此可知，這次沒有帳篷了。故選A。A.Thistimetherewasnotent.B.Thingsaregoingtobeimproved.C.Thetriptheytookmeonwasaroughone.D.Iwastolearnalotaboutcampingsincethen，however.E.ImustsaythatIhavecertainlycometoenjoycamping.F.Afterthetrip，myfamilybecamequiteinterestedincamping.G.Therewasnoshadeasthetreeswerenomorethan3feettall.√答案解析點津七選五解題時要讀懂前后文的句子，弄清楚前后的邏輯關系，然后選取正確答案，因此正確理解設空前后文是解題的關鍵，拿到試題后要瞻前顧后，科學解題。(2016·全國Ⅰ，片段)Peoplehaveusedsecretcodesforthousandsofyears.36Codebreakingneverlags(落后)farbehindcodemaking.A.Itisveryhardtobreakacodewithoutthecodebook.B.Inanylanguage，somelettersareusedmorethanothers.C.Onlypeoplewhoknowthekeywordcanreadthemessage.D.Aslongastherehavebeencodes，peoplehavetriedtobreakthem.E.Youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspellitout.F.Withacodebook,youmightwritedownwordsthatwouldstandforotherwords.G.Anotherwaytohideamessageistousesymbolstostandforspecificlettersofthealphabet.牛刀小試2√答案解析解析聯(lián)系下一句“創(chuàng)設密碼和破譯密碼總是相伴而生的”，可以推斷此處意思是“只要有密碼存在，人們總是千方百計地進行破譯”。故選D項。

(2017·全國Ⅰ，片段)37Wesleptinatent，cookedoveranopenfire，andwalkedalongdistancetotaketheshowerandusethebathroom.A.Thistimetherewasnotent.B.Thingsaregoingtobeimproved.C.Thetriptheytookmeonwasaroughone.D.Iwastolearnalotaboutcampingsincethen，however.E.ImustsaythatIhavecertainlycometoenjoycamping.F.Afterthetrip，myfamilybecamequiteinterestedincamping.G.Therewasnoshadeasthetreeswerenomorethan3feettall.三、黃金三步驟典例3√答案解析解析

由空后“Wesleptinatent，cookedoveranopenfire，andwalkedalongdistancetotaketheshowerandusethebathroom.”可知作者第一次露營的條件很艱苦，C選項“Thetriptheytookmeonwasaroughone.”中的rough暗示了這一點，符合語境。故選C。點津步驟一：從原文設空的前后尋找關鍵詞；步驟二：閱讀各個選項，標記關鍵詞；步驟三：把兩類關鍵詞進行匹配，迅速鎖定正確答案。(2016·全國Ⅰ，片段)Therearethreemaintypesofcryptography.37Forexample,thefirstlettersof“Myelephanteatstoomanyeels”spelloutthehiddenmessage“Meetme.”A.Itisveryhardtobreakacodewithoutthecodebook.B.Inanylanguage，somelettersareusedmorethanothers.C.Onlypeoplewhoknowthekeywordcanreadthemessage.D.Aslongastherehavebeencodes，peoplehavetriedtobreakthem.E.Youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspellitout.F.Withacodebook,youmightwritedownwordsthatwouldstandforotherwords.G.Anotherwaytohideamessageistousesymbolstostandforspecificlettersofthealphabet.牛刀小試3√答案解析解析由空后舉例可知，這里講的是選取每個單詞的首字母(thefirstletters)這一方法來隱藏信息，與E“hideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspellitout”內容相對應。

(2017·全國Ⅰ，片段)39.(F.Afterthetrip，myfamilybecamequiteinterestedincamping.)Wehavedonealotofitsince.Recently，weboughtatwenty-eight-foottraveltrailercompletewithabathroomandabuilt-inTVset.Thereisaseparatebedroom，amodernkitchenwitharefrigerator.Thetrailerevenhasmatchingcarpetandcurtains.40Itmustbetruethatsoonerorlater，everyonefindshisorherwaybacktonature.Irecommendthatyoufindyourwayinstyle.四、代入復讀典例4A.Thistimetherewasnotent.B.Thingsaregoingtobeimproved.C.Thetriptheytookmeonwasaroughone.D.Iwastolearnalotaboutcampingsincethen，however.E.ImustsaythatIhavecertainlycometoenjoycamping.F.Afterthetrip，myfamilybecamequiteinterestedincamping.G.Therewasnoshadeasthetreeswerenomorethan3feettall.√答案解析解析

將39題答案帶入原文可知作者全家都喜歡上了露營；根據(jù)40題空后的“Itmustbetruethatsoonerorlater，everyonefindshisorherwaybacktonature.Irecommendthatyoufindyourwayinstyle.”可知，作者希望每個人都能找到適合自己的回歸自然的方法。E選項(我必須得承認我真的開始享受露營了)既是對上段中作者態(tài)度轉變的一個總結，也很好地銜接了后文。故選E。

點津重新閱讀相關詞句，重點做沒做出的或不確定的題，此時可將已選出的答案代入原文，利用排除法。同時檢查核實已選出的答案，看文章從內容上是否語義連貫合理，語篇結構上是否通順、合乎邏輯，寫作思路是否清晰，格式及用語是否恰當貼切。如果所選的答案可以滿足上述標準，則表明所選的答案基本正確。

(2016·全國Ⅰ，片段)Therearethreemaintypesofcryptography.37.(E.Youcanhideames