03-選擇性必修第一冊(cè)Unit-2基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)(人教版2019)

2023年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測(cè)(人教版2019)選擇性必修一Unit2LookingintotheFutureⅠ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.(2020·全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)Idoknowhowupsettheshopstaffcanget,butItrytopersuadethem__________(keep)smiling.

2.(2020·天津高考)Hepullsoutaspecialdevice,pointsitatthesuspect,andswitchesit__________.3.(2020·江蘇高考)Inlooking__________thestoriesofbiologicaldiscovery,Ialsobegantofindsomethingelse,acollectionofscientists,usuallybrilliant,occasionallyhalf-mad,whomadethediscoveries.4.(2020·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Whiletheyoungergenerationsprefer__________(communicate)visually,forthoseusedtoworkingwithtraditionaltoolslikeemail,itmayfeellikealearningcurve(曲線).

5.(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Theresearchersthentestedhowthemonkeys__________(combine)—oradded—thesymbolstogetthereward.Ⅱ.完成句子1.IfyouwanttomasterEnglish,youshould_______________________.

如果你想掌握英語(yǔ),就把學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)當(dāng)成是你的例行公事的一部分。2.We_______________________insixteenminutes.

我們將在16分鐘后在巴黎機(jī)場(chǎng)降落。3.Hehasnoideaof_______________________.

他不知道怎樣回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題。4._______________________,heisanableman,but_______________________hedemandstoomuchofpeople.

一方面,他是個(gè)能干的人,但另一方面,他對(duì)人要求太多了。5.Theanswerseemstobethatwehaveaneedto_______________________.

答案似乎是我們需要與朋友和家人一直保持聯(lián)系。Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空(黑體詞為本單元重點(diǎn)詞匯)Haveyoueverforgotten1.___________(lock)thedoorofyourhouse?Or,haveyoueverforgottentoswitchofftheTVorcomputer?Thesekindsofthingshappentousallthetime,wasteresources,andcansometimeslead2.___________problems.

However,inthenot-too-distantfuture,wewill3.___________(live)insmarthomesthatwilllockthedoorforuswhenweareawayandremembertoswitchofftheTVwhenweforget.

Youwillnolongerhavetothinkaboutturning4.___________(switch)onandoffyourself.Yourhomewillalsolearnyour5.___________(day)routineandpreferences,soeverythingwillbereadyforyouwhenyougethomeeachevening.Yourlightswillcomeon6.___________instantyouenterthedooralongwithyourfavouritemusicorTVprogrammes,andyouwillfindyourdinneralready7.___________(prepare)foryou.Inaddition,yoursmarthomewillbemonitoringyourhealthforyoueveryday.Ifyoustarttohavesleeporweightproblems,itwillsendawarningtoyourphone.Itwillalsogiveyousuggestionsona8.___________(health)dietand9.___________tosleepbetter.Smarttoiletswillbekeepingconstanttrackofyourhealthaswell.Theycanwarnyouearlyonifthereissomething10.___________(normal)orifyouhaveacriticalillness,suchascancer,andpotentiallysaveyourlife.Smarthomeswillbeabletopreventseriousdamagefromaccidents.Nevertheless,itwilltakesomeyearsbeforemostnewhomesbegintousethisnewtechnology.IV.閱讀理解AAsdoctorsperformedsurgeryonDagmarTurner’sbrain,thesoundofaviolinfilledtheoperatingroom.Themusiccamefromthepatientontheoperatingtable.Inavideofromthesurgery,theviolinistwasmovingherbow(琴弓)upanddownassurgeonsworkedtoremoveherbraintumor(腫瘤).TheKing’sCollegeHospitalsurgeonswokeherupinthemiddleoftheoperationinordertoensuretheydidnotdamagepartsofthebrainnecessaryforplayingtheviolinandkeepherhand’sfunctionsintact.Turner,53,learnedthatshehadaslow-growingtumor.Laterdoctorsfoundthatithadbecomemoreaggressiveandtheviolinistdecidedtohavesurgerytoremoveit.“WeknewhowimportanttheviolinistoTurner,soitwasvitalthatwepreservedfunctioninthedelicateareasofherbrainthatallowedhertoplay,”KeyoumarsAshkan,adoctoratKing’sCollegeHospital,saidinapressrelease.BeforeTurner’soperation,Ashkanandhiscolleaguesspenttwohourscarefullymappingherbraintoidentifyareasthatwereactivewhensheplayedtheviolinandthosecontrollinglanguageandmovement.Wakingherupduringsurgerythenalloweddoctorstomonitorwhetherthosepartsweresufferingdamage.BradMahon,anexpertatCarnegieMellonUniversity,saidthebasicfeaturesofan“awakecraniotomy”—thetypeofbrainsurgerywherepatientsareawakeinordertoavoiddamagetocriticalbrainareas—haveremainedlargelyunchangedfordecades.Buthesaidthatdoctorsarenowabletomapthepatient’sbrainactivityingreatdetailbeforethesurgery,usinganimagingtechniquecalledfunctionalMRI.Thatmeanssurgeonsarecomingintotheoperatingroomwithfarmoreinformationaboutaspecificpatient’sbrain.Thatkindofinformationhelpsdoctorstailorteststoapatient’sparticularneeds.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intact”meaninthefirstparagraph?A.Strong. B.Sound.C.Talented. D.Influential.2.WhydidAshkanandhiscolleaguesmapTurner’sbrainbeforeoperation?A.Tokeepherbrainmoreactivewhensheplayedtheviolin.B.Tomonitorwhetherherbrainhadsuffereddamageseverely.C.Torecognizetheareasrelatedtomusicandmovementprecisely.D.Toremovethetumorwhilekeepingallfunctionofherbrain.3.WhatcanweknowaccordingtoBradMahon?A.Doctorsareusinganimagingtechniquetomonitorthesurgery.B.Patientsareasleeptoprotectcriticalbrainareasinasurgery.C.Apatient’slanguageabilitycouldn’tbepreservedbefore.D.Surgeonscanpersonalizeapatient’soperationbymappinghisbrain.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.MusicianjoinedinherownbrainsurgeryB.MappingabrainisrealizedaftersurgeryC.TheviolinistsuffersfromabraintumorD.DoctorsperformsurgeryonabrainBResearcherscontinuetoshowthepowerbehindoursenseofsmell.Recentstudieshavefound,amongotherthings,thatthesmelloffoodslikepizzacancauseuncontrollableangerindriversonroads.Thereviewexplainsthatsmellisuniqueinitseffectsonthebrain.AccordingtoConradKing,“thesenseofsmellgoesthroughthelogicalpartofthebrainandactsonthesystemsconcernedwithfeelings.Thisiswhythesmellofbakingbreadcandestroythebestintentionsofadieter.”Smell,whichdictates(決定)theunbelievablecomplexityoffoodtastes,hasalwaysbeentheleastunderstoodofoursenses.Ournosesareabletodetectupto10,000distinctsmells.Ourabilitytosmellandtastethisextremelylargerangeofsmellsiscontrolledbysomethinglike1,000genes,whichmakeupanamazing3%ofthehumangenome.ResearchersRichardAxelandLindaBuckweretogetherawardedaNobelPrizein2004fortheirground-breakingresearchonthenatureofthisextraordinarysense.Thesetwoscientistswerethefirsttodescribethefamilyof1,000olfactory(嗅覺(jué)的)genesandtoexplainhowourolfactorysystemworks.Accordingtoonestudyintheresearchreview,smellingfreshpizzaoreventhepackagingoffastfoodscanbeenoughtomakedriversfeelimpatientwithotherroadusers.Theyarethenmorelikelytospeedandexperienceuncontrollableangeronroads.Themostreasonableexplanationisthatthesecanallmakedriversfeelhungry,andthereforedesperatetosatisfytheirappetites.Incontrast,thesmellsofpeppermintandcinnamon(肉桂)wereshowntoimproveconcentrationlevelsaswellasreducedrivers’impatience.Similarly,thesmellsoflemonandcoffeeappearedtopromoteclearthinkingandmentalfocus.However,thewaygenesregulatesmelldiffersfrompersontoperson.TheIsraelresearcherssaytheirstudyshowsthatnearlyeveryhumanbeingshowsadifferentpatternofactiveandinactivesmell-detectingreceptors.5.WhatdidRichardAxelandLindaBuckfindout?A.Thetypeoffoodsmells.B.Thelogicalpartofhumanbrain.C.Thenatureofhumanolfactorysystem.D.Therelationshipbetweenfoodandfeelings.6.Whichofthefollowingcanhelppeopleconcentrate?A.Bread. B.Fastfood.C.Pizza. D.Coffee.7.Whatdoweknowfromthelastparagraph?A.Somepeoplecanrecognizeupto50smells.B.Everypersonhasadifferentpatternofgenes.C.Differentpeoplearesensitivetodifferentsmells.D.Therearestillsomeolfactorygenestobefoundout.8.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Logicandbehavior.B.Smellanditsinfluence.C.Senseabilityandfoodtastes.D.Olfactorygenesanditssystem.V.完形填空Haveyoueverbeencaughtindifficulties?Rememberthatself-confidenceis1thanaknife.Youcanuseittofightachallenge.Readtheshortstorybelowto2thepowerofself-confidence.

Amanwastryingtofindhisway3adarkcavewithalightofhopefromalantern(燈籠).Finally,hecouldseesomesunlightinthecave,whichmadehim4.Butashedrewcloser,hewas5toseeabigrockstandingbeforehim.

Hepushedtherock,butitstoodtherefirmlywithout6evenalittle.Hetriedagain,butitpreventedhimfrom7theplace.Themanfeltasifbeingswallowedbyawhalethatwaswaitingtoenjoyhissupper.Hesat8thebigrockinthemouthofthedarkcavelookingbackonhisadventure.Hehadovercomemanydifficultiesand9hewouldovercomethisone,too.

Sohesaidtohimselfwithconfidence,“Iwill10here.”Heencouragedhimselfanditaddedtohispowerandgavehimmore11inpushingthehugerock.

Therockmovedalittle,whichencouragedhimtowork12.Thankstoallhisefforts,slowlytherockmadewayforhim.Hewalkedalongthebrightandevergreenpathbeforehim-with13.

Weallmaymeetdifficultiesinourlife.Somepeopledon’tbelievetheycanovercomethemandchooseto14,butsomechoosetofacethemwithconfidence.Thosewhogiveupwill15succeed.Onlythosewhofacedifficultieswithconfidencewillfindtheirwaysandsucceedinlifeintheend.

1.A.nearer B.fasterC.larger D.sharper2.A.consider B.regainC.understand D.ask3.A.on B.through C.below D.before4.A.smile B.think C.move D.cry5.A.pleased B.surprisedC.sad D.excited6.A.breaking B.refusingC.disappearing D.moving7.A.leaving B.enjoyingC.destroying D.checking8.A.intheheartof B.atthefootofC.inthemiddleof D.ontherightof9.A.doubted B.explainedC.worried D.believed10.A.showup B.lookaroundC.getoutof D.makeuseof11.A.time B.energy C.space D.advice12.A.harder B.longer C.wider D.deeper13.A.courage B.fearC.experience D.pride14.A.lookup B.giveupC.catchup D.cheerup15.A.usually B.alwaysC.sometimes D.neverVI.讀后續(xù)寫閱讀下面的材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Whenatornadotoucheddowninasmalltownnearby,manyfamilieswereleftcompletelydestroyed.Afterwardallthelocalnewspaperscarriedmanyhuman-intereststoriesfeaturingsomeofthefamilieswhosufferedthehardest.OneSunday,aparticularpictureespeciallytouchedme.Ayoungwomanstoodinfrontofanentirelyshatteredmobilehome,adepressedexpressiontwistingherfeatures.Ayoungboy,sevenoreightyearsold,definitelyinlowspirits,stoodatherside,eyesdowncast.Clutching(緊握)atherskirtwasatinygirlwhostaredintothecamera,eyeswidewithconfusionandfear.Thearticlethatwentwiththepicturegavetheclothingsizesofeachfamilymember.Withgrowinginterest,Inoticedthattheirsizescloselymatchedours.Thiswouldbeagoodopportunitytoteachmychildrentohelpthoselessfortunatethanthemselves.Itapedthepictureoftheyoungfamilytoourrefrigerator,explainingtheirdifficultytomyseven-year-oldtwins,BradandBrett,andtothree-year-oldMeghan.“Wehavesomuch.Andthesepoorpeoplenowhavenothing,”Isaid.“We’llsharewhatwehavewiththem,thustheywillsmileagain.”Ibroughtthreelargeboxesdownfromtheroomupstairsandplacedthemonthelivingroomfloor.Meghanwatchedseriously,astheboysandIfilledoneoftheboxeswithcannedgoodsandfoods.WhileIsortedthroughourclothes,Iencouragedtheboystogothroughtheirtoysanddonatesomeoftheirlessfavoritethings.Meghanwatchedquietlyastheboyspiledupdiscardedtoysandgames.“I’llhelpyoufindsomethingforthelittlegirlwhenI’mdonewiththis,”Isaid.TheboysplacedthetoystheyhadchosentodonateintooneoftheboxeswhileIfilledthethirdboxwithclothes.MeghanwalkedupwithLucy,herworn,faded,much-lovedragdollhuggedtightlytoherchest.Shepausedinfrontoftheboxthatheldthetoys,pressedherroundlittlefaceintoLucy’sflat,painted-on-face,gaveherafinalkiss,thenlaidhergentlyonthetopofothertoys.“Oh,honey,”Isaid.“Youdon’thavetogiveLucy.Youlovehersomuch.”Meghannoddedseriously,eyesglisteningwithheld-backtears.“Lucymakesmehappy,Mommy.Maybeshe’llmakethatotherlittlegirlhappy,too.”注意:續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。Theboys,open-mouthed,hadwatchedtheirbabysisterplaceherfavoritedollinthebox.Takingthecuefrommylittleones,Iremovedmyoldjacketfromtheboxofclothes.參考答案Ⅰ.1.Idoknowhowupsettheshopstaffcanget,butItrytopersuadethemtokeep(keep)smiling.

2.Hepullsoutaspecialdevice,pointsitatthesuspect,andswitchesiton.3.Inlookingintothestoriesofbiologicaldiscovery,Ialsobegantofindsomethingelse,acollectionofscientists,usuallybrilliant,occasionallyhalf-mad,whomadethediscoveries.4.Whiletheyoungergenerationsprefertocommunicate(communicate)visually,forthoseusedtoworkingwithtraditionaltoolslikeemail,itmayfeellikealearningcurve(曲線).

5.Theresearchersthentestedhowthemonkeyscombined(combine)—oradded—thesymbolstogetthereward.Ⅱ.1.IfyouwanttomasterEnglish,youshouldmakeEnglishstudyapartofyourdailyroutine.

2.WeshallbelandinginParisinsixteenminutes.

3.Hehasnoideaofhowtoanswerthisquestion.

4.Ontheonehand,heisanableman,butontheotherhandhedemandstoomuchofpeople.

5.Theanswerseemstobethatwehaveaneedtostay/keepintouchwithfriendsandfamily.

Ⅲ.Haveyoueverforgotten1.tolock(lock)thedoorofyourhouse?Or,haveyoueverforgottentoswitchofftheTVorcomputer?Thesekindsofthingshappentousallthetime,wasteresources,andcansometimeslead2.toproblems.

However,inthenot-too-distantfuture,wewill3.beliving(live)insmarthomesthatwilllockthedoorforuswhenweareawayandremembertoswitchofftheTVwhenweforget.

Youwillnolongerhavetothinkaboutturning4.switches(switch)onandoffyourself.Yourhomewillalsolearnyour5.daily(day)routineandpreferences,soeverythingwillbereadyforyouwhenyougethomeeachevening.Yourlightswillcomeon6.theinstantyouenterthedooralongwithyourfavouritemusicorTVprogrammes,andyouwillfindyourdinneralready7.prepared(prepare)foryou.Inaddition,yoursmarthomewillbemonitoringyourhealthforyoueveryday.Ifyoustarttohavesleeporweightproblems,itwillsendawarningtoyourphone.Itwillalsogiveyousuggestionsona8.healthier(health)dietand9.howtosleepbetter.Smarttoiletswillbekeepingconstanttrackofyourhealthaswell.Theycanwarnyouearlyonifthereissomething10.abnormal(normal)orifyouhaveacriticalillness,suchascancer,andpotentiallysaveyourlife.Smarthomeswillbeabletopreventseriousdamagefromaccidents.Nevertheless,itwilltakesomeyearsbeforemostnewhomesbegintousethisnewtechnology.IV.A【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。講述了醫(yī)生在給DagmarTurner的大腦動(dòng)手術(shù)過(guò)程中,喚醒她的大腦,讓她在接受手術(shù)的過(guò)程中,能夠同時(shí)演奏小提琴的奇妙場(chǎng)景。1.【解析】選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)該句TheKing’sCollegeHospitalsurgeonswokeherupinthemiddleoftheoperationinordertoensuretheydidnotdamagepartsofthebrainnecessaryforplayingtheviolinandkeepherhand’sfunctionsintact.所提供的語(yǔ)境“國(guó)王學(xué)院醫(yī)院的外科醫(yī)生在手術(shù)過(guò)程中叫醒了她,以確保他們不會(huì)損害拉小提琴所必需的大腦部分,同時(shí)保證她的手的功能完好。”可知,這里的intact與sound意思相符,相當(dāng)于ingoodcondition,意思是“健康的,健全的”。2.【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段BeforeTurner’soperation,Ashkanandhiscolleaguesspenttwohourscarefullymappingherbraintoidentifyareasthatwereactivewhensheplayedtheviolinandthosecontrollinglanguageandmovement可知,在特納手術(shù)之前,Ashkan和他的同事花了兩個(gè)小時(shí)仔細(xì)繪制她的大腦圖,以識(shí)別她拉小提琴時(shí)活躍的區(qū)域以及控制語(yǔ)言和運(yùn)動(dòng)的區(qū)域。3.【解析】選D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段Buthesaidthatdoctorsare...particularneeds.可以推出“外科醫(yī)生可以通過(guò)(核磁共振)成像個(gè)性化病人的手術(shù)”。故選D。4.【解析】選A。主旨大義題。本文主要講述了醫(yī)生在給DagmarTurner的大腦動(dòng)手術(shù)過(guò)程中,喚醒她的大腦,讓她在接受手術(shù)的過(guò)程中,能夠同時(shí)演奏小提琴的奇妙場(chǎng)景。也就是讓她參與了自己的手術(shù)。故選A。B【文章大意】本文是一篇議論文,主要論述了氣味和它的影響。5.【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干中所提到的兩位科學(xué)家“RichardAxelandLindaBuck”,迅速定位文章的第三段關(guān)鍵句ResearchersRichardAxelandLindaBuckweretogetherawardedaNobelPrizein2004fortheirground-breakingresearchonthenatureofthis