初中英語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：三大從句總結(jié)

1

賓語(yǔ)從句

一、定義

在句子中起賓語(yǔ)作用的從句叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。二、連接詞

that:

Ithinkthatyoucanpasstheexam.Whether/if:Idon’tknowwhatthewordmeans.“Wh”:

Idon’tknowwhatthewordmeans.Idon’tknowwherehefoundthebook.只用whether的情況：1.與ornot連用：Idon’tknowwhetherit’srainingornot.2.與動(dòng)詞不定式連用：Hedoesn’tknowwhethertoaccepttheinvitation.3.連接詞前有介詞時(shí)：Itdependsonwhetherheiscoming.

三、時(shí)態(tài)

1.主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定(各種時(shí)態(tài)均可)Shewantstoknowwhathehasdonefortheexam.2.主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，從句用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài)。1）Shesaidthatshewasastudent.2）ShesaidthatshewouldflytoJapaninaweek.3）Shesaidthatshehadfinishedherhomeworkalready.3.如果賓語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象或事實(shí)時(shí)，這時(shí)賓語(yǔ)從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.

2

定語(yǔ)從句

一、定義

在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞、代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。

二、先行詞

先行詞指人

who/that先行詞指物

which/that定語(yǔ)從句一般緊跟被修飾的名詞或代詞（即先行詞）后

三、關(guān)系代詞

關(guān)系代詞代替先行詞在句子中擔(dān)當(dāng)成分，所以從句中不可再出現(xiàn)其他代替先行詞的代詞

四、翻譯方法

“….的”

Whom:

先行詞指人，則代替先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)（包括介詞的賓語(yǔ)）,與who的區(qū)別是如果前面帶介詞則必須用whom

1.Thisistheteacherwhomwhowelikebest.2.Idon’tliketheboytowhomyouaretalking.Whose:

指人或物，作定語(yǔ)，表示“…的”eg:Harryistheboywhosemotherisourmathteacher.關(guān)系代詞只能that的特殊情況：1.先行詞前有序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)：Thisisthefirstgiftthatmyparentsboughtme.2.先行詞前有形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)：ThisisthemostexcitingfilmthatIhaveeverseen.3.先行詞是不定代詞something,

anything等時(shí).e.g.

Is

there

anything

that

you

want

in

this

shop4.

先行詞是人和物時(shí),用that.e.g.He

talked

about

some

writers

and

books

thatwere

unknown

to

us

all.

5.先行詞被all,little,theonly,thevery(就是，正是),thelast等詞修飾時(shí),只能用thate.g.

ThisisthelastplacethatIwanttovisit.6.特殊疑問句以who或which開頭，只能用that引導(dǎo).Whoisthegirlthatismakingaspeechontheplatform?當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前使用介詞時(shí)：

物+介詞+which;

人+介詞+whom當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前使用介詞時(shí)：e.g.

1.ThisisthetrainbywhichwewenttoBeijing.2.Thisistheteachertowhommymotheristalking.

3

狀語(yǔ)從句

一、定義

在復(fù)合句中由從句表示的狀語(yǔ)稱作狀語(yǔ)從句，它可以用來(lái)修飾謂語(yǔ)（包括非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）、定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)，或是整個(gè)句子。

二、狀語(yǔ)從句一般分為八大類

時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句原因狀語(yǔ)從句

目的狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句

條件狀語(yǔ)從句方式狀語(yǔ)從句

讓步狀語(yǔ)從句1.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句When

---當(dāng)……時(shí)候,

通常指某一特定的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，主句與從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。WhenIopenedthewindow,Isawhimcomeup.When

---

正在……的時(shí)候，突然…。通常主句是進(jìn)行時(shí)或

beaboutto時(shí)，在翻譯的時(shí)候，when可以譯成沒想到或突然。Iwaswalkingalongthestreet,whenImethim.When當(dāng)從句是進(jìn)行時(shí)，主句是一般時(shí)，往往表示不滿。SomeoneknockedatthedoorwhenIwashavingbreakfast.When=afterWhenthechildrenhadgonetobed,shebegantoprepareherlessons.While

---在……期間，往往指一段時(shí)間。WhilewewereinAmerica,wesawhimtwice.While---表示一種不滿情緒，意思是這邊在干某種重要的事，而另一邊在享受等。Wearecleaningtheclassroomwhiletheyareplayingthefootball.As

---一邊……一邊,隨著Shewasdoingherhomeworkasshewaslisteningtothemusic.As---當(dāng)……時(shí)，指一個(gè)動(dòng)作緊接著一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生，從句通常用進(jìn)行時(shí)。AsIwasgoingout,itbegantorain.Themoment

---一……就……

=assoonas,immediately,---DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher?---Yes,IgaveherthemomentIsawher.Not…until

---

直到……才Hedidn’tleavetheofficeuntilhefinishedthework.Before

---

在……之前Thepassengersshouldarriveattheairportanhourbeforetheflightdeparts.After

---在……之后Thecustomerlefttheticketcounterafterhehadaquarrelwiththeticketagent.Since

---自從……,通常主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)IhaveneverbeenthereagainsinceIgraduatedfromtheuniversity.Itisjustaweeksincewearrivedhere.

Assoonas

---

一……就……Jackwenttoschoolassoonashegotwell.Nosoonerthan

---

一……就……nosooner…than…用于句首要求倒裝Hardly…when…Scarcely…when…Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain.Once

---

一但……就……Onceyouseehim,youwillneverforgethim.Everytime,eachtime

每次whenever

每當(dāng)Eachtimehecametotown,hewouldvisitourschool.

2.條件狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有：If如果,unless除非,aslongas只要,As(so)faras---據(jù)……所知，incase萬(wàn)一,providedthat假如,onconditionthat若是，以…為條件If

---如果Ifyoudon’thurryup,youwillmisstheplane.Unless

---如果不,除非=ifnotWecan’tgetthereontimeunlesswebooktheearliestflightAslongas

---只要Wewillsucceedaslongaswekeepontrying.As(so)faras

---據(jù)……所知AsfarasIknow,hespeaksEnglishverywell.Incase

---假使,如果Theplanecannottakeoffincaseitrains.Providedthat

如果,有時(shí)省略thatTheplanewillbeingoodconditionprovidedthatitistakencareofcarefully.Onconditionthat

---條件是…Hesaidthathewouldcometothemeetingonconditionthatnooneaskedhimtospeak.注:主從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在將來(lái)時(shí)，則主句用將來(lái)時(shí),從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Ifhearrivestomorrow,Iwillbewaitingforhimattheairport.

3.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句只有兩個(gè)連詞:Where,whereverWhere

---在……地方Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.Wherever

---無(wú)論哪里Whereveryouare,Iwillberighttherewaitingforyou.

4.原因狀語(yǔ)從句because,as,since,nowthat,和consideringthat,seeingthat這六個(gè)連詞都用于表示表示原因,但在語(yǔ)氣上一個(gè)比一個(gè)弱.Because

---因?yàn)?通常從句放在主句后.MrSmithwasveryupsetbecausehecouldn’tfindhisluggage.As

---因?yàn)?通常放在句首Asheishonestandmodest,allhisfriendslikehim.Since

---既然

因語(yǔ)氣較弱,常譯為既然(眾所周知的原因)Sinceeverybodyhascome,wecansetoff.Nowthat

---既然Nowthatyouarehere,youcanjoinus.consideringthat

---顧及到Consideringthattheyarejustbeginners,theyaredoingquiteagoodjob.seeingthat

---由于Seeing(that)quiteafewpeoplewereabsent,wedecidedto

putthemeetingoff.

5.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有：that,sothat,so…that…such…that

So…that

---太……以至于

so后面應(yīng)用形容詞或副詞,有時(shí)省略so只用thatBoeing747issolargethatpeopleliketocallitjetbomb噴氣炸彈.Sothat

---因而，以便，為了有時(shí)so可以省去Speaklouderpleasesothatthepeopleatthebackcanhearyou.Such…that…

---太……以至于

用法與so…that相同，但such后面應(yīng)用名詞。Theforeignvisitorwassuchafastspeakerthatnobodycouldunderstandhim.

6.目的狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句的主要連詞有:that,sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat,lest(So)that---以便,

從句中常常使用一些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如：can,could,may,might,should等Let’stakethefrontseats(so)thatwemayseemoreclearly.inorderthat---為了,

與sothat

相同從句中常常使用一些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如：can,could,may,might,should等Schoolwasclosedearlyinorderthatthechildrenmightgohomeaheadofthestorm.forfearthat

---生怕;為了防止(某事發(fā)生)Hetookthenamedownforfearthatheshouldforgetit.

incase

---萬(wàn)一Youshouldbringadictionaryincaseyouneedit.Lest

---以防萬(wàn)一Themandecidedtotellhisbossthefactlesthewouldbeangrywithhim.

7.

讓步狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有：Although,though,as,evenif,eventhough,nomatter,however,whatever,while,whether.Although,though---雖然

although

和though可以互換，但although常放在句首。Though可以用于倒裝。Althoughitwasraining,theplanemanagedtotakeoff.Thoughhedidhisbest,hedidn’tsucceed.As---盡管

as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，句子通常倒裝。可與though互換。Busyasheis,henevermissesafootballma