第10-講-必修一Unit4-詞匯和閱讀-(外研版2019必修第一冊)(原卷版)

第10講Unit4Friendsforever（詞匯與閱讀）【學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)】提前預(yù)習(xí)新外研版必修一Unit4的重點詞匯和閱讀掌握中高考閱讀理解區(qū)別和題型解題技巧掌握常見三種構(gòu)詞法【基礎(chǔ)知識】一．重點詞匯學(xué)習(xí)1.familiaradj.2.prefervt.3.deliverv.4.clickv.5.enablev.6.tendv.7.significantadj.8.advance.9.acquirev.10.provev.11.patiencen.12.unfortunatelyadv.13.inspiringadj.14.passionn.15.generosityn.16humorn.17.qualityn.18.distancen.19.anxious20.postponev.21.strikev.22.scarn.23.scenen.24.unfoldv.25..ordinaryadj.26.hustlev.27.ashamedadj..28.surroundings29.personality30.appointedadj.31.thanksto32.atmosphere33.oughtto34.turnup35.location36.bitterly重點詞匯答案：見教材詞匯表重點詞匯解析考點一：Mean(vt)-meant-meant:意味著，意思是有...的目的，打算(adj):吝嗇的；刻薄的，不善良的Meantodosth:打算做某事Hadmeanttodosth:本打算做某事Bemeantfor...:注定適合...Bemeanttodosth:應(yīng)該做某事；意在做某事Bemeanwith...:在...方面吝嗇Bemeantosb:對某人吝嗇例1．【單句填空】Ididn’tmean(eat)anything,buttheicecreamlookedsogoodthatIcouldn’thelp(try)it.Don’tbemeanfabric(布料),otherwisecurtainswillenduplookingugly.Whilesendingflowersasgifts,wecan’tchooseflowersarbitrarily（任意地）,becausedifferentflowersmaycarrydifferent(mean).Theearthisourhome.Wemusttakecareofit.Thismeans(keep)theland,waterandairclean.Addpicturestoyourjournal.Eventhoughyourjournalismeantwriting,picturesarestillworthathousandwords.考點二：Advance(n):進步，進展；前進，行進(v):前進，行進；發(fā)展，進步；促進，推動Advanced(adj):先進的，高級的;預(yù)先的，事先的advancement(n):發(fā)展，前進；提升Makeanadvance/advancesin...:在...方面取得進展=makeprogressin...Inadvance:預(yù)先，事先=aheadoftimeInadvanceof:在...前面；（發(fā)展上）超前Advanceon/towards:朝向...前進+across/through:前進穿過...Nottoadvanceistogoback:不進則退例2．【單句填空】1.Ihaveworkedhereasatypistforaboutayear,andI’dliketohaveachanceof.2.Therewillbeadiscountonthecostofthe6-weekEnglishcourseifyoupayadvance.3.Chinaisbuildingtheworld’slargestearthquakealertsystemandit’spossiblythemost.4.當(dāng)學(xué)生們在課前得知這一令人興奮的消息時，他們高興得跳了起來。Whenstudentsweretoldtheexcitingnewstheclass,theyjumpedwithjoy.5.看！一群孩子正向動物園前進。Look!Agroupofchildrenthezoo.考點三：Enable(vt):使可能；使發(fā)生；使有機會；使成為可能Disable(vt):使傷殘；使殘廢Enable...todosth:使...能夠/有機會做某事；使...做某事成為可能En--en(v):Enrich:使豐富Endanger:使遭危險Enjoyencourageshortenbroadensharpenstrengthen:加強，增強例3．【單句填空】However,yourwillingnesstodealwiththeseproblemswillfinally(able)youtoworkthemout.Inthepastfewweeks,to(courage)studentsfortheOlympics,alargenumberofuniversitieshavebeguntoofferacademiccredits(學(xué)分).Technologicaldevelopmentsallthroughtheyearshaveenabledus(do)morewithlesseffort.考點四：Remain（系v):仍然是，保持；(vi):逗留，不離去；剩余，遺留（不用進行和被動）；仍需做（或說，處理）Remains(n):剩余物，剩飯菜；遺跡；遺骸例4．【單句填空】Thepalacecaughtfirethreetimesinthelastcentury,andlittleoftheoriginalbuilding(remain)now.remainstobeseenwhetherJimwillbefitenoughtotakepartinthecompetition.Thispaintingwascompletedin1988andisoneoftheonlyfour(remain)piecesintheworld.Whetherwecanraiseenoughmoneytocarryouttheprojectremains(discuss).這聽起來是個好主意，可是它能否成功尚待觀察。Itsoundslikeagoodidea,butwhetheritwillsucceed.考點五：Tend(v):往往會，常常就；趨向，傾向，易于做某事；照料，照管，護理Tendency(n):傾向，趨勢Tendtodosth:常常會做某事Tendto/towardssth:趨向，趨于....Tend(to)sb/sth:照料...=attendtosb/sthHaveatendencytodosth:有做某事的傾向例5．【單句填空】Thereisawidespread(tend)thatmoreandmoreyoungpeoplechooseonlineshoppingratherthangotostorestobuywhattheylike.Wetend(have)abettermemoryforthingsthatexciteoursensesorappealto(吸引)ouremotionsthanforstraightfacts.Somepeoplehaveanaturaltendency(compare)themselveswithotherswiththehopeofgettingsatisfaction.他的工作是照看羊?？键c六：Present(v):展現(xiàn)，顯示；把...交給，頒發(fā)，授予；到場，出現(xiàn)；(n):禮物，贈品；目前；(adj):當(dāng)前的，現(xiàn)存的；出席，在場（后置定語）Presence(n)-absence(n):Presentoneself:展示自己Presentsthtosb/presentsbwithsth:將某物授予/贈與某人Atthepresenttime=atpresent：目前Forthepresent=forthetimebeing:暫且，暫時Bepresentat:出席....beabsentfrom...:缺席In/duringone’spresence=inthepresenceofsb:在某人面前；有某人在場In/duringone’sabsence:某人不在時例6．【單句填空】TheOlympicSportsCenterisbeingbuiltpresentinthecityandissaidtobeopentothepublicin2019.Iwastheonlyoneinourclasspresentthemeetingyesterday.Nomatterwhatcountryhevisited,hecalledontheruleroftheland,presentingvaluablegiftshimtoexpressChina’ssinceredesiretodevelopfriendlyrelations.他把寶劍(sword)捐贈給了博物館?？键c七：Patience(un):耐心，忍耐力；-(adj):patient-(adv):patientlyImpatience:不耐煩，無耐心Be/outofpatiencewith...:對...失去耐心/無法忍受Havenopatiencewith...:對...沒有耐心，無法忍受...Loseone’spatience:失去耐心Withpatience:耐心地Tryone’spatience:考驗?zāi)橙说哪托臉O限Patienceisavirtue.例7．【單句填空】Withenoughtimeand,gainingtrustandchangingwrongbeliefsispossible.Inthefollowingweeks,Sallyworkedout10classrulesandpostedthemonthewallsoftheclassroom.Sheexplainedalltherulestothestudentsandrequiredeveryonetofollowthem.Icalledhimseveraltimes,buteachtimehissecretarytoldmethathewasinameetingandthathewouldcallmelater.SoIwaitedandwaited,andwasgrowingwithnocall.考點八：Anxious(adj):焦慮的，擔(dān)心的；渴望的(adv):anxiously:焦慮地，不安地Anxiety(n):擔(dān)心，憂慮；渴望Withanxiety:焦慮地Anxietyabout/over....:對...的焦慮Anxietyfor...:對...的渴望Beanxiousfors/aboutsb/sth:為...擔(dān)心/擔(dān)憂Beanxiousfor=beeagerfor=bekeenon...:渴望......Beanxioustodosth渴望做某事Beanxiousthat...(should)dosth:渴望..做某事例8．【單句填空】AccordingtoLifeinLikes,aschildrengrew,theybecamemoreanxious(get)morepublicapproval（認可）。Ithasbeenpointedoutthatwhatplaysavitalroleindrivingawayone’s(anxious)isone’ssweetchildhoodmemories.Jackstillcan’thelpbeinganxioushisjobinterview.我進入房間時，她正在電話旁焦急地等待著。WhenIenteredtheroom,shewaswaitingbythephone.(anxiety)考點九：Strike-struck-struck-striking(vt):劃火柴；敲，報時；撞擊，碰撞；打擊；（災(zāi)難，疾?。┣忠u，爆發(fā)；給...印象；打動，把...迷?。皇梗ê畾?，恐懼等）侵入，進入；突然想到(n):罷工Strikesb+介詞+the+身體部位：擊打某人某處Bestruckby...:被...打動Strikesbassth:給某人以...印象Soone’sheart:使...進入某人心中，使某人感到...Sthstrikessb:某人突然想到...Itstrikessbthat/how/what...:某人突然想到......Be(out)onstrike:在罷工Comeouton/goonstrike:舉行罷工例9．【單句填空】1.MrWills,whowashelpedupontotheplatformtotaketheprize,lookedasifhehad(strike)bylighting.ItstruckmewecouldadvertiseourproductsontheInternet.Thenewsthatourteamhadwonthecompetitionstruckexcitementourhearts.Whenhesaidsomethingrudeaboutmymother,Iwantedtostrikehimonfacewiththepeanutbutterandsandwiches.考點十：Distance(vt):使與...保持距離；撇清與...的關(guān)系(n):距離，間距，間隔；冷淡，疏遠Distant(adj):遙遠的，久遠的；遠處的；遠親的-(adv):distantly:遠地；冷淡地；遠親關(guān)系地Distanceyourself(fromsth):撇清你自己（與......)Inthedistance:在遠處，在遠方From/atadistance:從遠處，離一段距離+of:+具體距離Keep...atadistance:與...保持一定距離,疏遠，冷淡Keepone’sdistancefrom...:與...保持距離；疏遠，避免與...親近Keep...atanarm’sdistance:與...保持一臂的距離Bedistantfrom...:離...遠例10．【單句填空】-Canyouseethemanthedistance?-Yes,Ican.heismyneighborMrSmith,whoisdifficulttogetalongwithbecausehealwayskeepseveryoneadistance.Wecouldseenothinginthethickfogadistanceoffivemetres,sowegotlost.Hishousestandsonahillandcanbeseenfromaoftwomileswhilemyhouseistenmilesfromhis,andourtwofamiliesarerelated.(distant)考點11：Alive(adj):活著，有活力；激動興奮（-人/物-可表可后定）living,live,livelyLiving(adj):活著的；在使用的（-人/物-前置定語）Live(adj):活著的；（前置定語）：現(xiàn)場直播的，現(xiàn)場演出的Lively(adj):生氣勃勃的，充滿趣味的（-人/物-可表，定，補語）例11．【單句填空】Attheendofthetwoweeksofthesummercamp,thekidswillperformashow.Airpollutionisstillthemostserious.It’sbadforallthingsintheworld;butitisnottheonlyonekindofpollution.Earlyhumansgotthesalttheyneededtostayfromtheanimalstheykilled.Thiscity-onceasmallfishingvillage-istodayaninternationalbusinesscenter.Theriverwasoncewithfishes,butnowwefindnoneasaresultofpollution.考點12：Worth(adj):（指行動）值得，有價值；（用well修飾）（表，后定）：有...價值，值...錢；(n):價值=value;價值...的東西1：Sthisworth+n/pron:某事值得...Sthis(well)worthdoing:某事（很）值得It’swellworthdoingsth:做某事是很值得的Sthisworthit.:...是值得的2：sth/sbisworthyof+n:某事/某人值得......Sthisworthyofbeingdone:某事值得做Sthisworthytobedone:某事值得做3：itisworthwhiledoingsth:做某事是值得的Itisworthwhiletodosth:做某事是值得的例12．【單句填空】Sometimeswedecidethatalittleunnecessarydangerisworthbecausewhenweweightheriskandthereward(回報),theriskseemsworth(take).Thecarwasbeautiful,andIthoughtitwasworthwhileit.ButmyfriendJacksaiditwasnotworthyof,becauseitwastooexpensive.(buy)Theyoungdesigner,whosedesignforthebuildingwonaninternationalaward,isworthy(respect).參加這樣的活動是值得的。拓展1：Turnup:調(diào)大聲；偶然出現(xiàn)；到達，來到，露面；（尤指失去后偶然）被發(fā)現(xiàn)，被找到Tomhadtoturntheinvitationtothepartylastweekendbecausehewastoobusy.Iturnedandsawapleasantwomanwithabigsmileonherfacewavingtowishmeasafetrip.SuddenlywheatpenniesbeganturningonthesidewalksofNewYorkeverywhere.拓展2：Losetrackof...:與...失去聯(lián)系=losetouchwith..；.忘記；Keeptrackof...:記錄；與...保持聯(lián)系=getintouchwithBeoutoftouchwithsb-(反義)keepintouchwith/beintouchwithsb【真題演練】I.Fillintheblankswiththewordsorphrasesfromtheboxbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.A.volunteerB.routineC.particularD.inspireE.challengeF.sceneG.reflectH.acquireI.typicalJ.uniqueK.domestic1.Thecarvingsrepresentahunting.這些雕刻作品描繪了一幅狩獵的場面。2.Thenewgovernment'sfirstistheeconomy.新政府面臨的第一項挑戰(zhàn)是經(jīng)濟。3.Theoceanwouldmoreheatandlight.海洋會反射更多的光和熱。4.Tedwasveryaboutthecoloursheused.特德對于他使用的顏色是非常挑剔的。5.AuntMarytocleanupthekitchen.瑪麗姨媽主動要求打掃廚房。6.Administrativepersonnelshouldalsosometechnicalskills.管理人員也應(yīng)該學(xué)幾門手藝。7.Thewindowhadbeenreplacedlastweekduringmaintenance.那窗在上星期的例行檢修中已被換掉了。8.Thissuccesswillmetogreaterefforts.這次成功大大地鼓勵了我下次更加努力。9.ThispaintingisaworkofRembrandt(倫勃朗).這幅畫是一幅典型的倫勃朗作品。10.Maryisaveryinterestingpersonwhohasherinterpretationoflife.瑪麗是一個非常有趣的人，她對生活有著獨特的理解?！具^關(guān)檢測】AWillitmatterifyoudon'ttakeyourbreakfast?RecentlyatestwasgivenintheUnitedStates.Thosetestedincludedpeopleofdifferentages,from12to83.Duringtheexperiment,thesepeopleweregivenallkindsofbreakfast,andsometimestheygotnobreakfastatall.Specialtestsweresetuptoseehowwelltheirbodiesworkedwhentheyhadeatenacertainkindofbreakfast.Theresultsshowthatifapersoneatsaproperbreakfast,heorshewillworkwithbettereffortthanifheorshehasnobreakfast.Thisfactappearstobeespeciallytrueifapersonworkswithhisbrains.Ifastudenteatsfruit,eggs,breadandmilkbeforegoingtoschool,hewilllearnmorequicklyandlistenwithmoreattentioninclass.Contrarytowhatmanypeoplebelieve,peoplebecomesohungryatnoonthattheyeattoomuchforlunch,andendupgainingweightinsteadoflosing.Youwillprobablylosemoreweightifyoureduceothermeals.30.Thetitleofthepassageshouldbe________.A.theimportanceofbreakfastB.theresultofatestC.breakfastwillmakeyoucleverD.breakfastismoreimportantthanothermeals31.Duringthetest,thosewhoweretestedweregiven________.A.nobreakfastatall B.veryrichbreakfastC.littlefoodforbreakfast D.differentfoodsornone.32.Thepassagementionsthatmanypeoplebelievethatifyoudon'teatbreakfast,youwill________.A.loseweight B.notloseweightC.behealthier D.gainalotofweightBEveryoneneedsfriends.Weallliketofeelclosetosomeone.Itisnicetohaveafriendtotalk,laughanddosomanythingstogetherwith.Surely,therearetimeswhenweneedtobealone.Wedon'talwayswantpeoplearound.Butwewouldfeellonelyifweneverhadafriend.Notwopeoplearethesame.Sometimesfriendsdon'tgetalongwell.Thatdoesn'tmeanthattheynolongerlikeeachother.Mostofthetimetheywillgoonbeingfriends.Sometimesfriendsmoveaway.Thentheyfeelverysad.Wemissthemverymuch.Butwecancallthemandwritetothem.Maybewewouldneverseethemagain.Andwecanmakenewfriends.Itissurprisingtofindouthowmuchwelikenewpeoplewhenwegettoknowthem.Familiessometimesnametheirchildrenafteraclosefriend.Manyplacesarenamedaftermenandwomen,iftheyarefriendlytopeopleintown.Somelibrariesarenamedthisway.Soaresomeschools.Wethinkofthesepeoplewhenwegototheseplaces.There'smoregoodnewsforpeople,iftheyhavefriends.Thesepeoplelivelongerthanthosewhodon'thavefriends.Why?Itcouldbethattheyarehappier.Beinghappyhelpsyoustaywell.Oritcouldbejustknowingthatsomeonecaresaboutyou.Ifsomeonecaresaboutyou,youtakebettercareofyourself.33.Whichofthefollowingiswhatthewriterdoesn'tsayinthepassage?A.Peoplearehappywhentheirfriendsleavethem.BMaybepeoplewillneverseetheirfriendsaftertheirfriendsmoveaway.C.Peoplecanknowtheirfriendsindifferentways.D.Peopleliketheirfriendsverymuchiftheygettoknowthem.34.Whichofthefollowingisthemostprobableplacepeoplenameafterfriendlypeople?A.Ahouse B.Aroom.C.Avillage D.Alibrary35.Thispassagetellsus________.A.thatpeopleareallfriends B.thatpeopleneedfriendsC.howtogettoknowfriends D.howtonameaplaceCIcametostudyintheUnitedStatesayearago.YetIdidnotknowtherealAmericansocietyuntilIwasinjuredinacaraccidentbecauseaftertheaccidentIhadtoseeadoctorandgotocourt.Aftertheaccident.myroommatecalledadoctorforme.Iwasverygratefulanddeterminedtorepayhimoneday.Butthenextday,heaskedmetopayhim$200forwhathehaddone.Iwasastonished.Hehadgoodreasontochargeme,hesaid.AndifIwantedtocollectmoneyfromthepersonwhowasresponsibleformyinjury,I’dhavetohaveagoodlawyer.Andonlyagooddoctorcanhelpmegetagoodlawyer.Nowthathehadhelpedmefindagooddoctor,itwasonlyfairthatIshouldpayhim.ButeverydayIwenttoseethedoctor,Ihadtowaitabout50minutes.Hewouldseetwoorthreepatientsatthesametime,andoftenstoptreatingonesoastoseeanother.Yethechargedme$115eachtime.Thefinalexaminationreportconsistedoftenlines,anditcostme$215.Mylawyerwasallsmilesthefirsttimewemet.Butafterthatheavoidedseeingmeatall.Heknewverywelltheotherpartywasresponsiblefortheaccident,yethehardlydidanything.Hesimplywaitedtocollecthismoney.HewassoirresponsiblethatIdecidedtodismisshim.Andhemademepayhim$770.NowIhadtoactasmyownlawyer.Duetomyinexperience,ItoldtheinsurancecompanythedateIwasleavingAmerica.Knowingthat,theyplayedfortime…andIleftwithoutgettingacent.36.Theauthor’sroommateofferedtohelphimbecause________.A.hefeltsorryfortheauthorB.hethoughtitwasachancetomakesomemoneyC.heknewthedoctorwasaverygoodoneD.hewantedtheauthortohaveagoodlawyer37.Theword“charge”inthethirdparagraphmeans_________.A.beresponsible B.accuseC.askasaprice D.claim38.Boththedoctorandthelawyerinthispassagearevery__________.A.friendly B.selfishC.professional D.busyDJohnBlanchardwasstudyingthecrowdmakingtheirwaythroughthestation.Hewaslookingforthegirlwhoseheartheknew,butwhosefacehedidn’t,thegirlwiththerose.WhenreadingabookinaFloridalibraryayearbefore,Johnbecameinterestednotinthecontentsofthebook,butinthenotespenciledinthemargin.Thehandwritingreflectedathoughtfulsoulandbeautifulmind.Hediscoveredtheformerowner’snameinthefrontofthebook:MissHollisMaynell.Helocatedheraddressandwrotealetterintroducinghimself.Thenextdayhewasshippedoverseastoserveinthearmy.Duringthenextyear,theygrewtoknoweachotherthroughthemailandtheirfriendshipdeveloped.Johnrequestedaphotograph,butsherefused,sayingifhereallycared,itwouldn’tmatterwhatshelookedlike.Whenthedayfinallycameforhimtoreturnhome,theirfirstmeetingwassuggested—7:00p.m.attheGrandCentralStationinNewYork.Shewrote,“You’llrecognizemebytheredroseIwearonmycoat.”SonowJohnwasinthestationtomeetthegirlwitharose.Asaprettyandslimgirlingreencameover,Johnnoticedherblueeyeslikeflowersinspring.Hewalkeddirectlytowardsher,entirelyforgettingshewasnotwearingarose.AsJohncameclosertoher,hesawanotherwomanwitharedrosestoodnearby.Wellpast40,thiswomanhadgrayinghairdoneunderawornhat.Seeingthegirlingreenwalkquicklyaway,Johnfeltasifheweresplitintwo.Hedesiredtofollowthatgirl,butlongedforthewomanwhosespirithadtrulycompanionedandsupportedhim.Thewomanlookedgentleandsensible.Johnwenttoher,saying,“I’mCaptainJohnBlanchard.YoumustbeMissMaynell.Iamgladtomeetyouhere.MayItakeyoutodinner?”Sherepliedwithasmile,“Idon’tknowwhatthisisabout.Buttheladyingreenwhojustwentby,beggedmetowearthisroseonmycoat.Shesaidifyouaskedmeouttodinner,I’dtellyousheiswaitingforyouinthebigrestaurantacrossthestreet.Shesaiditwassomekindoftest!”39.Johnwaseagertoknowtheformerownerofthebookbecausehe______.A.wasveryinterestedinthecontentsofthebookB.wasimpressedbythenoteswrittenbyitsownerC.wantedtoimprovehishandwritingD.wantedtodiscussthebookwithher40.WhathappenedtoJohnaftergettingintouchwithMissHollisMaynell?A.Heservedinthearmyabroad.B.Hewentoverseasforvacation.C.HewentonabusinesstripinNewYork.D.HevisitedMissMaynell.41.Whatdoweknowaboutthewomanwitharose?A.ShewasMissMaynell’sclosefriend.B.Shewasawaitressinthebigrestaurant.C.Shewas