第03講-定語從句(外研版2019選擇必修1)(解析版)

第03講定語從句復(fù)習(xí)定語從句中關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法。掌握定語從句在閱讀寫作的運用。定語是什么？基本概念：(1)定語從句：在主從復(fù)合句中用作定語的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般緊接在先行詞后面。(2)先行詞：被定語從句修飾的成份。先行詞可以為一個詞，短語，或整個主句。(3)關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系詞的作用：A.引導(dǎo)定語從句，連接主句和從句，相當(dāng)于一個連詞；B.必在從句中作某個句子成份C,指代先行詞關(guān)系詞指代人或物定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞株P(guān)系代詞that人或物主語、賓語、表語which物或主句內(nèi)容主語、賓語who人主語或賓語whom人賓語whose人或物定語關(guān)系副詞when時間狀語where地點狀語why原因狀語定語從句三步曲：第一找出先行詞；第二找出定語從句第三看先行詞在定語從句中的語法功能（做主語、賓語或狀語）；結(jié)構(gòu)：名詞/代詞（先行詞）+關(guān)系代詞/副詞+定語從句考點一：關(guān)系代詞+不完整從句考向1：關(guān)系代詞基本用法指人時可以用who，也可用that。Themanwho/thatlivesnexttousisapoliceman.Doyouknowthegirlwho/thatisinred?指物時可以用which，也可用that。Ilikemusicthat/whichIcandanceto.Whatdoyouthinkofthemoviethat/whichwasshownlastnight?活學(xué)活用：Ilovesingers.Singerswritetheirownsongs.改寫：who在從句中用作主語。Heistheman.Imetthemanyesterday.改寫：考向2：關(guān)系代詞的特殊用法1：先行詞是人，只能用who,不能用that的情況。指人的不定代詞做先行詞時，只能用who.Weshouldhelpanyonewhoisinneed.非限制性定語從句中，逗號與指人的先行詞隔開的句子，只能用who.I’mLiHua,whoisstudyinginLondonduringthesummervacation.2：先行詞是物，只能用which，不能用that的情況。介詞+whichTherearetwochairsintheroom,bothofwhicharebroken.非限制性定語從句中，逗號與指物的先行詞隔開的句子，只能用whichTheywonthegame,whichwehadn’texpected.3：先行詞是人或物，只能用that，不能用which或who的情況。（1）先行詞被形容詞最高級、序數(shù)詞及only、any、few、little、no、all、oneof等修飾時。1)Iwilltellhimallthatyoutoldmeattheball.2)Theonlythingthatwecoulddowastowait.3)ThefirstplacethatwevisitedwastheGreatWall.（2）先行詞為all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything,everything等不定代詞時。Thegirlhandedeverythingthatshehadpickedupinthestreettothepolice.（3）先行詞中既有人又有物時。Hewaslookingpleasantlyatthechildrenandbooksthatfilledhisbus.（4）先行詞在主句中作表語,關(guān)系詞在從句中作表語時。Thevillageisnolongertheonethatitwas5yearsago.（5）當(dāng)主句中含有疑問詞which時。Whicharethebooksthatyouboughtforme?例1．1.Itissuchabigstone_____nobodycanlift.2.Itissuchabigstone_____nobodycanliftit.3.______isknowntoall,heisthebeststudent.4.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,_____surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.5.Lookout!Don'tgettooclosetothehouse_______roofisunderrepair.考點二：關(guān)系副詞+完整從句關(guān)系副詞有when,where,why三個，在定語從句中一般作狀語。關(guān)系副詞的作用關(guān)系詞指代人或物定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞株P(guān)系副詞when時間狀語where地點狀語why原因狀語例2．Thereason__________hediditisnotclear.Thereason__________hegavetotheteacherisunbelievable.Iwillneverforgettheday_________Imet.Iwillneverforgettheday___________wespenttogether.考點三：非限制性從句判斷下面兩個句子是限制性定語從句還是非限制性定語從句。Ilostallthemoneyyoulentmeyesterday.Ilostallthemoney,withoutwhichIhadtowalkhome.例3．1.Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,isnotgoodforthehealth.

2.ButSarah,hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.

3.MyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter.

【答案與解析】1.which分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,且從句中缺少主語,故填which。2.who先行詞是Sarah,從句中缺少主語,所以應(yīng)該用who。3.when由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以判斷空格處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,先行詞是表示時間的mid-1980s,從句中缺少狀語,因此填關(guān)系副詞when?？键c四：介詞+關(guān)系代詞which/whomThisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.Thebabies(whom/who/that)thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy.Heloveshisparentsdeeply,allofwhomareverykindtohim.例4．【針對練習(xí)】1.

Doyoulikethebook___________shespent$10?2.

Doyoulikethebook___________shepaid$10?3.

Doyoulikethebook___________shelearnedalot?4.

Doyoulikethebook______________sheoftentalks?5.

Hebuiltatelescope______________hecouldstudytheskies.6.Thereisatalltreeoutside,_____________standsourteacher.7.

Chinahasalotofrivers,thesecondlongest___________istheYellowRiver.8.Thetower_____________peoplecanhaveagoodviewisonthehill.9.Theman____________Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwriting.10.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most________hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.11.Hegavemesomenovels___________Iamnotveryfamiliar.12.Istillremembertheday________IfirstgottoParis.答案：1.onwhich2.forwhich3.fromwhich4.aboutwhich5.throughwhichonwhich7.ofwhich8.onwhich9.towhom10.ofwhichwithwhich12.onwhich1.(2022年新高考全國Ⅰ卷)TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies____65____livewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.【答案】that考查定語從句關(guān)系詞。句意：該計劃旨在為生活在GiantPandaRange的所有物種提供更有力的保護(hù)，并顯著改善該地區(qū)的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康。設(shè)空處為關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，先行詞等于關(guān)系詞，設(shè)空處在從句中作指物的主語，先行詞為species，且先行詞前為all修飾，只能用關(guān)系代詞that。故填that。2.(2022年全國甲卷)Onthe1,100.Kilometerjourney,themanCaoShengkang,___62___losthiseyesightattheageofeightinacaraccident,crossed40citiesandcountiesinthreeprovince.【答案】who考查定語從句。句意：在1100公里的旅程中，8歲時因一次車禍?zhǔn)鞯哪凶硬苁⒖荡┻^了三個省的40個城市和縣。分析句子結(jié)合句意可知，此處是非限定性定語從句，先行詞為CaoShengkang，指人，在從句中作主語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)。故填who。3.(2021新高考Ⅰ,39)The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,formedthecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseumopenedin1759.

【答案】which/that4.(2021課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ,63)Becausethemoonsbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe,ChinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspotitcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.

【答案】where5.(2020課標(biāo)全國Ⅲ,61)InancientChinalivedanartistpaintingswerealmostlifelike.

【答案】whose6.(2020江蘇,21)Manylessonsarenowavailableonline,fromstudentscanchooseforfree.

【答案】which7.(2020天津,6)Dr.Rowan,secretaryresignedtwoweeksago,hashadtodoallhisowntyping.

【答案】whose8.(2021·北京市·期末考試)Itwasallhappeningtooquickly,

???????mademanypeoplefeelnervous.9.(2021·北京市·期末考試)Theuniversity,

manytopstudentsstudy,iscuttingitsenrollmentinhalfnextterm.10.(2023·安徽省·單元測試)Someoftheroadswereflooded,______madeourjourneymoredifficult.11.(2022·全國·月考試卷)Occasionsarequiterare______Ihavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.12.(2020·全國·模擬題)Mygrandmawasbornatatime______mobilephoneswerenoteveninpeople'simaginations.13.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown______hegrewupasachild14.Accordingtohistorians,therehasn'tbeenacountrywithsuchalargepopulationinhumanhistory______hasmadesuchprofoundchangesandimprovementswithinsuchashortspanoftime.15.(2022·江蘇省南京市·期末考試)Alotoflanguagelearning,______hasbeendiscovered,ishappeninginthefirstyearoflife,soparentsshouldtalkmuchtotheirchildrenduringthatperiod．8.【答案】which【知識點】關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句【解析】句意：一切發(fā)生得太快，這使許多人感到緊張。分析結(jié)構(gòu)，此處是非限定性定語從句，先行詞是前面整個句子，在非限制性定語從句中作主語，用關(guān)系代詞which.故填：which.9.【答案】where【知識點】關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句【解析】句意：這所大學(xué)有許多尖子生在那里學(xué)習(xí)，下學(xué)期將減半招生。分析結(jié)構(gòu)，此處是非限定性定語從句，先行詞university在非限制性定語從句中作地點狀語，表示在這個大學(xué)里，用關(guān)系副詞where.故填：where.10.【答案】which【知識點】關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句【解析】句意：一些道路被淹，這使我們的旅程變得更加困難。分析句子可知，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，從句中缺少主語，且先行詞為前面整個句子，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。故填which。11.【答案】when【知識點】關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句【解析】句意：我有時間和我的孩子們一起度過一天的時候很少見。根據(jù)句意和結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這里是定語從句，先行詞是occasions，定語從句中不缺成分，缺少時間狀語，用when引導(dǎo)定語從句。故填when。12.【答案】when【知識點】關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處需填入一個關(guān)系副詞來引導(dǎo)定語從句；本句中先行詞time表時間，在定語從句充當(dāng)時間狀語，要用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)，故填when。13.【答案】where【知識點】關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句【解析】句意：在巴黎住了五十年后，他回到了他小時候長大的那個小鎮(zhèn)。本句是關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)的定語從句，先行詞是thesmalltown，作地點狀語，相當(dāng)于inthesmalltown。故填where。14.【答案】which/that【知識點】關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句、關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞country，指物，在從句中作主語，所以用關(guān)系代詞which/that。故填which/that。15.【答案】as【知識點】關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句【解析】句意：正如人們所發(fā)現(xiàn)的那樣，許多語言學(xué)習(xí)是在生命的第一年進(jìn)行的，所以在那個時期父母應(yīng)該多跟孩子說話。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處為非限制性定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，先行詞為一個句子（Alotoflanguagelearningishappening…），先行詞在定語從句中作主語，當(dāng)定語從句為被動語態(tài)時，常用as作主語來引導(dǎo)定語從句；如果從句中行為動詞是主動語態(tài)，一般用which作主語。故填as。語法填空InChina,fooddeliverymenarealwaysinarushbetweentrafficregardlessofwindorrain.____1____theymakeourlifemoreconvenient,thiscancomeat____2____costforthem.Onfooddeliveryserviceplatforms,thetimelimitiscalculatedbyanalgorithm（算法）.Butitdoesn'tconsiderreal-life____3____（situation）,suchasredlightsandspeedlimits.Fordeliverymen,delaymeansadecreaseinpay.Sotheyspeedupandoftenbreaktrafficrules,____4____（put）notonlytheirownlivesatrisk,butalsothelivesofothers.Manypeoplescoldedandaskedtheplatformstoimprovetheregulationsondelivery.____5____response,Elemeannounceditwouldaddabuttontotheapp,____6____allowscustomerstoextendthetimelimit.Butthiscreatedmore____7____（heat）debate,assomefeltthecompanywasdistractingattention.TheShanghaiCustomerCouncilcommentedthatthemovewasnotreasonable,addingthattheproblemsshould____8____（settle）betweenthecompaniesandtheiremployees.Also,evenwiththeability____9____（allow）moretimefordelivery,someusersfeltthiswouldnot_____10_____（full）addresstheproblems.Although/Though/While2.a3.situations4.putting5.In6.which7.heated8.besettled9.toallow10.fully【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述快遞員由于受平臺時間限制經(jīng)常違反交通規(guī)則，威脅自己和他人的生命，許多人批評并要求快遞平臺完善規(guī)則，Eleme宣布將在應(yīng)用程序中添加一個按鈕，允許用戶延長時間限制，引起更多熱議。1.考查讓步狀語從句。句意：雖然他們使我們的生活更方便，但他們要付出很大代價。分析句子可知，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)的是讓步狀語從句，設(shè)空處為引導(dǎo)詞，故填A(yù)lthough/Though/While。2.考查固定短語。句意：同上。分析句子可知，短語atacost，意為“以......為代價”，根據(jù)句意，故填a。3.考查名詞。句意：但它沒有考慮現(xiàn)實生活中的情況，如紅燈和限速。分析句子可知，設(shè)空處為consider的賓語，應(yīng)用名詞，描述的是各種現(xiàn)實情況，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填situations。4.考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：所以他們加速，經(jīng)常違反交通規(guī)則，不僅把自己的生命置于危險之中，也把他人的生命置于危險之中。分析句子可知，設(shè)空處為非謂語動詞，作狀語，和主語之間是主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用put的現(xiàn)在分詞，故填putting。5.考查固定短語。句意：作為回應(yīng)，Eleme宣布將在應(yīng)用程序中添加一個按鈕，允許用戶延長時間限制。短語inresponse，意為“作為回應(yīng)”，根據(jù)句意，故填I(lǐng)n。6.考查定語從句。句意：同上。分析句子可知，____6____allowscustomerstoextendthetimelimit為非限制性定語從句，設(shè)空處為引導(dǎo)詞，指代前面的句子，故填which。7.考查形容詞。句意：但這引發(fā)了更激烈的爭論，因為一些人認(rèn)為該公司分散了人們的注意力。分析句子可知，設(shè)空處修飾名詞，應(yīng)用heat的形容詞作定語，故填heated。8.考查語態(tài)。句意：上?？蛻魠f(xié)會評論說，此舉不合理，并補(bǔ)充說，問題應(yīng)該在公司和員工之間解決。分析句子可知，設(shè)空處為謂語，接在情態(tài)動詞should后，應(yīng)用動詞原形，主語和謂語之間是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，故填besettled。9.考查不定式。句意：此外，即使有能力允許更多的時間投遞，一些用戶認(rèn)為這不能完全解決問題。theabilitytodosth“有做某事的能力”，故填toallow。10.考查副詞。句意：同上。分析句子可知，設(shè)空處修飾動詞address，應(yīng)用full的副詞形式作狀語，故填fully。單句填空11.Hewrotealongletterheexplainedwhathadhappenedintheaccident.

12.WearehopingforsupportfromMrWebster,withoutsupportwecan’tmakeit.

13.SomeoftheteachersatthecollegeaskedDrNaismithtoinventagamecanbeplayedindoors.

14.SierraLeoneisacountrybasichealthfacilitiesarelackingandmanypeoplearestrugglingwithpoverty.

15.Thosemotorcycles,ahugeumbrellaisfixed,areahugethreattopeoplewalkinginthestreet.

16.I’msorrynottohaverepliedtoyourletterearlier,for,Imustsay,Iapologize.

17.Almosteveryteenagerwillexperienceaperiodintheirlifetheyaren’tcontentwiththeirparents.

18.Oncetherelivedarichmanwantedtodosomethingforthepeopleofhistown.

19.We’vereachedtheNullaborPlainstretchesfor1,000kmandiscompletelyflat.

20.Withoutthinkingtoomuchaboutit,IwenttotheStudentAffairsOffice,IknewIcouldfindclothesinthe“LostandFound”box.

11.where先行詞是letter,從句意思完整,不缺少成分,所以此處填關(guān)系副詞where,表示“在信中”。12.whose先行詞是MrWebster,作support的定語,所以用whose。13.that/which先行詞為game,關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語,且指物,故用that或which引導(dǎo)。14.where先行詞為country,關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中作地點狀語,故答案為where。15.where先行詞為motorcycles,關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中作地點狀語,故用where引導(dǎo),表示“在摩托車上”。16.which從句中Imustsay為插入語,可忽略不計。分析定語從句可知,關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞for的賓語,故答案為which。17.when先行詞為period,將先行詞代入從句后為“Theyarentcontentwiththeirparentsinaperiod.”。由此可見,關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中作時間狀語,故答案為when。18.who根據(jù)設(shè)空處前后的結(jié)構(gòu)分析可知,空格處引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾man,由于先行詞指人且從句缺少主語,故用who。19.which/that分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,設(shè)空處后面的句子是NullaborPlain的定語,所填詞引導(dǎo)該從句并在從句中作主語,先行詞表示物,故用which或that。20.where分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾表示地點的theStudentAffairsOffice,從句缺少地點狀語,故填where。不同語境中長難句定語從句的使用邀請信I‘mwritingtoinviteyoutoparticipateinahikingorganizedbyme，whichsomeofourclassmateswilltakepartin.翻譯：____________________________________________________________________________________________我寫信邀請你參加下周六在我們學(xué)校舉辦的音樂節(jié)。仿寫：____________________________________________________________________________________________申請信1IhavetakenupChinesepaintingsinceIwasfiveyearsoldandIhaveagoodknowledgeofit,whichmakesitpossibleformetointroducetheexhibitionwell.翻譯：____________________________________________________________________________________________我英語很熟練，這使得我與外國人自由交談成為可能。仿寫：____________________________________________________________________________________________申請信2I'mwritingtoapplytoworkasavolunteerthatyouadvertisedinyesterday’snewspaper.翻譯：____________________________________________________________________________________________(2)我寫信申請我們學(xué)校英語協(xié)會所提供的職位。仿寫：____________________________________________________________________________________________通知1(1)ThemovieGrowingTogether,whichisaboutthedevelopmentofourschool,willbeshownintheschoolhallfrom2:00to4：00intheafternoononJune17th.翻譯：__________________________________________________________________________________________