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2022年中考英語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)6介詞

(-)知識(shí)概要

介詞在英語(yǔ)中用法很活,也無(wú)一定規(guī)律可循。在初中范圍內(nèi)還應(yīng)學(xué)一個(gè)記住一個(gè),特別

是那些和動(dòng)詞的特殊搭配。這樣長(zhǎng)期下去不斷學(xué)習(xí)自然會(huì)總結(jié)出一套自己的規(guī)律來(lái)。下面是

一般的規(guī)律,可幫助學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)參考,千萬(wàn)不要作為定律去背誦,照搬。

介詞表示時(shí)間表示地點(diǎn)方位表示原因方式其他

about大約在...時(shí)間aboutfiveo'clock在周圍,大約多遠(yuǎn)aboutfivekilometres關(guān)于、

涉及

talkaboutyou

above高出某一平面

abovesealevel

across橫過(guò)walkacrossthestreet對(duì)面acrossthestreet

after在...之后

aftersupper

跟……后面

oneafteranother

追趕

runafteryou

against背靠逆風(fēng)

againstthewall,againstthewind

反對(duì)

beagainstyou

among三者以上的中間

amongthetrees

at在某時(shí)刻

atten

在小地點(diǎn)

attheschoolgate

表示速度

athighspeed

向著,對(duì)著

atme

before在...之前

beforelunch

位于……之前

sitbeforeme

behind位于...之后

behindthetree

below低于...水平

belowzero

不合格

belowthestandard

by到……時(shí)刻,在……時(shí)刻之前

byfiveo'clock

緊挨著

sitebysite

乘坐交通工具byair,bybick被由

wasmadebyus

during在...期間duringtheholidays

for延續(xù)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間

forfiveyears

向……去

leaveforShanghai為了,對(duì)于

begoodforyou

from從某時(shí)到...某時(shí)frommorningtillnight來(lái)自何方

fromNewYork

由某原料制成bemadefrom

來(lái)自何處

whereareyoufrom

in在年、月、周較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間內(nèi)inaweek在里面

intheroom

用某種語(yǔ)言inEnglish穿著

inred

into進(jìn)入...里面

walkinto

除分

divideinto

變動(dòng)

turnintowater

near接近某時(shí)nearfiveyears在...附近nearthepark

of用某種原料制成

bemadeof

amapofU.S.A

on某日、某日的上下午onSundayafternoon在...上面

onthedesk靠吃...為生liveonrice關(guān)于abookonPhysics

over渡過(guò)一整段時(shí)間workovernight在上方

overthedesk

超過(guò),高于overfivepairs

past超過(guò)某一時(shí)刻

tenpastfive

經(jīng)過(guò)某地

since從某時(shí)以來(lái)

since1980

原因

Sinceyouwereill

through經(jīng)過(guò)某一時(shí)期throughhislife通過(guò)、穿過(guò)某地

throughtheforest

tilluntil直到某時(shí)為止tillfiveotlock

to差多少時(shí)間

fivetoten

問(wèn),到,去往

toShanghai

面對(duì)面

facetoface

給予giveabooktome

under在...下面

underthedesk

少于

underten

在...管制之下undertherule

with用某種工具withapen帶著,具有

withme

without沒(méi)有

withoutair

(二)正誤辨析

[誤]Wegottothetopofthemountainindaybreak.

[正]Wegottothetopofthemountainatdaybreak.

[析]at用于具體時(shí)亥U之前,如:sunrise,midday,noon,sunset,midnight,night。

[析]in要用于較長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間之內(nèi),如:inthemorning/afternoon,或intheweek/month

/year.或inspring/supper/autumn/winter等等。

[誤]WevisitedtheoldmaninSundayafternoon.

[正]WevisitedtheoldmanonSundayafternoon.

[析]inthemorning,intheafternoon如果在這兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)中參加任何修飾詞其前面的介詞都

要改為on,如:onacoldmorning,onthemorningofJuly14th

[誤]Hebecameawritterathistwenties

[正]Hebecameawritterinhistwenties

[析]這句話應(yīng)譯為:他在20多歲時(shí)就成了作家。在某人的一段生活時(shí)間段中要用介詞in

來(lái)表示,而在具體歲數(shù)時(shí)用at來(lái)表示。

[誤]HewenttoNewYorktofindajobinsixteenyearsold.

[正]HewenttoNewYorktofindajobatsixteen.

[析]在具體年歲前用at,如:attheageof12,atyourage,等等。

[誤]Wewenttoswimintheriverinaveryhotday.

[正]Wewenttoswimintheriveronaveryhotday.

[析]具體某一天要用介詞on,又如:onNewYear'sDay

[誤]I'mlookingforwardtoseeingyouonChristmas.

[正]I'mlookingforwardtoseeingyouatChristmas.

[析]在節(jié)日的當(dāng)天用。n,而全部節(jié)日期間用at,Christmas是圣誕節(jié)期間,一般要有兩周或

更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。

[誤]Ihaven'tseeyouduringthesummerholidays.

[正]Ihaven'tseenyousincethebeginningofthesummerholidays.

[誤]Atenteringtheclassroom,Iheardthegoodnews.

[正]Onenteringtheclassroom,Iheardthegoodnews.

[析]On加動(dòng)名詞表示”一……就”。本句的譯文應(yīng)是:我一進(jìn)入教室就聽(tīng)見(jiàn)這個(gè)好消息了。

又如:onhearing...一聽(tīng)見(jiàn),onarrival一到達(dá)就...(on表示動(dòng)作的名詞)

[誤]Inthebeginningofthebook,therearesomeinterestingstories.

[正]Atthebeginningofthebook,therearesomeinterestingstories.

[析]atthebegining與attheend都是指某事物的開(kāi)始與結(jié)束局部,均不指時(shí)間范圍,而

inthebeginning那么是指開(kāi)始一段時(shí)間。intheend=atlast是指"最終,終于”之意。

[誤]Tilltheendofnextweek.Iwillhavefinishedthiswork.

[正]Bytheendofnextweek.Iwillhavefinishedthiswork.

[析]by引起的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)表示了動(dòng)作的截止點(diǎn),其意思為”不遲于某一時(shí)刻將工作做完”,

所以主句一般是完成時(shí)態(tài)。當(dāng)然可以有將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài),如:rilbetherebyEveodock湎til^l^

表達(dá)其一動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到某一時(shí)刻,但句中的動(dòng)詞一定要用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,而瞬間的截止性動(dòng)

詞應(yīng)用其否認(rèn)句式,如:Iwon'tfinishthisworktill(until)nextweekend.

[誤]HecametoLondonbeforelastweekend.

[正]HecametoLondontwoweeksago.

[析]before一般要與完成時(shí)連用,而ago那么與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用。

[正]IhavestudiedEnglishforthreeyearssinceIcamehere.

[析]since用來(lái)表達(dá)主句動(dòng)作的開(kāi)始時(shí)間,所以其引出的從句中應(yīng)為過(guò)去時(shí),而不能用完

成時(shí)態(tài)

[正]Icanhelpyourepairthisbike.Youwillgetitintwohours.

[析]中文經(jīng)常講兩小時(shí)之后來(lái)取,兩天內(nèi)會(huì)修好,而這個(gè)介詞在英文中要用in而不要用

aftero其原因有二,①after多用于過(guò)去時(shí),如:IarrivedinNewYork.Afterthreedays,Ifound

ajobinthebank.②after加時(shí)間是表達(dá)一個(gè)不確定的時(shí)間范圍,如:afterthreedays,即三天

之后的哪一天都可以。所以在許諾假設(shè)干時(shí)間內(nèi)會(huì)完成某事時(shí),一定要用介詞in。

[誤]Threedaysafterhedied.

[正]Afterthreedayshedied.

[正]Threedayslaterhedied.

[析]after與later都可以用來(lái)表達(dá)一段時(shí)間之后,但它們所處的位置不同,after在時(shí)間

詞前,而later在時(shí)間詞后。

[誤]Shehidherselfafterthetree.

[正]Shehidherselfbehindthetree.

[析]after多用來(lái)表達(dá)某動(dòng)作之后,所以有的語(yǔ)法書(shū)中稱它為動(dòng)態(tài)介詞,如:Irunafterhim.

Afterfinishingmyhomework,Iwenttoseeafilm,而behind那么多用于靜態(tài)事物之后。

[誤]Thereisabeautifulbirdonthetree.

[正]Thereisabeautifulbirdinthetree.

[析]樹(shù)上長(zhǎng)出的果實(shí),樹(shù)葉要用on,而其他外來(lái)的人、物體均要用inthetree.

[誤]ShanghaiisontheeastofChina.

[正]ShanghaiisintheeastofChina.

[析]在表達(dá)地理位置時(shí)有3個(gè)介詞:in,on,to。in表示在某范圍之內(nèi);on表示與某地區(qū)接

壤;to那么表示不相接。如:JapanistotheeastofChina.

[誤]IarrivedatNewYorkonJuly2nd.

[析]at用來(lái)表達(dá)較小的地方,而in用來(lái)表達(dá)較大的地方。at常用于attheschoolgate,athome,

atabusstop,atthestation,atthecinema,atasmallvillageo

[誤]HelivedinNo.3BeijingRoad.

[正]HelivedatNo.3BeijingRoad.

[析]在門(mén)牌號(hào)碼前要用at,并要注意它的慣用法:attheendofthestreet,atthefootofthe

mountain,atthetopofthepage。

[誤]ThereisacolourTVsetatthecornerofthehall.

[正]ThereisacolourTVsetinthecomerofthehall.

[析]在屋內(nèi)的角落應(yīng)用in,而墻的外角用at,如:Thereisatreeatthecornerofthestreet.

[誤]ThisweekendI'llstayinUncleWang's.

[正]ThisweekendPllstayatUncleWang's.

[析]要注意英文的特殊表達(dá)法,如:atatailor'sshop(裁縫店)=atatailor's,atthedoctor's

(去看?。゛tthebookseller's(在書(shū)店)atuncleWang's(在王叔叔家)

[誤]Doyouknowthereissomegoodnewsontoday*snewspaper

[正]Doyouknowthereissomegoodnewsintoday'snewspaper

[析]在報(bào)紙上的新聞要用in,而在具體某一版上,或某一頁(yè)上那么要用on。

[誤]TheschoolwillbeginonSeptember1st.

[正]SchoolwillbeginonSeptember1st.

[析]這里的school應(yīng)看作不可數(shù)名詞泛指學(xué)校的課程,即開(kāi)學(xué)之意。要注意,有些活動(dòng)

場(chǎng)所當(dāng)表達(dá)正在從事該種活動(dòng)時(shí)不要加冠詞,如:attable(吃飯),WhenIcametoTom'shome,

theywereattable.還有:atdesk(學(xué)習(xí)),atwork(工作)atschool(上學(xué)),inhospital(住醫(yī)院)

atchurch作禮拜如加上定冠詞那么另有他意,如:attheschool即在學(xué)校工作或辦事,inthe

hospital即在醫(yī)院工作或去看望病人。

[析]譯文為:在去車站的路上我買(mǎi)了份報(bào)紙,為的是消磨時(shí)光”在……的路上”應(yīng)用on

one'sway...o而intheway有擋道之意,如:Pleasemovethechairitisintheway。

[誤]Look,thedoorisopen,Maybesomeonebrokeinto.

[正]Look,thedoorisopen,Maybesomeonebrokein.

[正]Look,thedoorisopen,Maybesomeonebrokeintotheoffice.

[析]in是表達(dá)一個(gè)靜止?fàn)顟B(tài),在與break連用時(shí)其后不加介詞賓語(yǔ),而into那么是動(dòng)態(tài)

介詞,與break連用時(shí)要加介詞賓語(yǔ)。

[誤]EllleaveBeijingtoShanghaitomorrow.

[正]IllleaveBeijingforShanghai.

[正]IllleaveforShanghai.

[析]leavefor是離開(kāi)某地去某處的固定搭配,不可將for改為別的介詞。這樣的搭配還

有:startfor動(dòng)身前往某處,setoutfor,sailforo

[誤]I'msorry.Ihavetogetoutthebusatnextstop.

[正]I'msorry.Ihavetogetoutofthebusatnextstop.

[析]getin,與getout是兩個(gè)相反的詞組。getin為上車,而getout為下車,但語(yǔ)法家認(rèn)

為這里的in與out為副詞,所以其后不能接名詞,我們可以講We'dbettergetin.或We'dbetter

getout.還有一組詞組有關(guān)上下車:geton/off(atrain,aship,astruck)getinto/outof(acar,

taxi...)

[誤]BecarefulThetemperatureofthewaterisninetydegreesoverzero.

[正]Becareful.Thetemperatureofthewaterisninetydegreesabovezero.

[析]over與above在作為比某物高?的意思時(shí)有時(shí)可以互換。但在垂直方向上的高矮時(shí),

即正上方時(shí)那么要用above.而泛指上方時(shí)用over.

[誤]Thereisanoldstonebridgeabovetheriver.

[正]Thereisanoldstonebridgeovertheriver.

[析]over還有一意為”跨越,橫跨”。

[誤]TheDeadSeaisunderthesealevel.

[正]TheDeadSeaisbelowthesealevel.

[析]在垂直下方要用below.也就是講above與below互為反意詞,over與under也是反

意詞。

[誤]Thereisabigtreeinthefrontofthehouse.

[正]Thereisabigtreeinfrontofthehouse.

[析]infrontof是在物體外部的前面,而inthefrontof是在物體內(nèi)部的前面,如:Thedriver

sitsinthefrontofthebus.

[誤]Ittookthemtwodaystowalkacrosstheforest.

[正]Ittookthemtwodaystowalkthroughtheforest.

[析]across作為介詞有兩個(gè)主要意思:①橫過(guò),如:Iwanttowalkacrossthestreet.②對(duì)

面,如:Thereisapostofficeacrossthestreet,而through多用于三維空間中的穿越。across

那么多用于平面上的橫過(guò)。如:Thelittlegirlranacrosstheroomtomeethermother.

[誤]Thesunsetstowardthewest.

[正]Thesunsetsinthewest.

[析]towards也可用作toward,它主要表達(dá)朝向某方向運(yùn)動(dòng),但不一定到達(dá),如:Heran

toward(s)themountain.而在表示方位east,west,north,south時(shí),其前面要用in。要注意的是

這4個(gè)詞可以用作副詞,:Iwentsouth.也可用作名詞,如:Iwenttothesouth.也可用作

形容詞,如:IwenttothesouthpartofChina.

[誤]Doyouhavenootherclothesexceptthose

[正]Doyouhavenootherclothesbesidesthose

[誤]CanIwritetheexampaperwithink

[正]CanIwritetheexampaperwithapen

[正]CanIwritetheexampaperinink

[析]with后要加拿得起來(lái)放得下的工具,而墨水、顏料等原料那么要用in。

[誤]I'mearliertoday.Icameherebyhiscar.

[正]I'mearliertoday.Icamehereinhiscar.

[析]在交通工具前加介詞by,但不能再有任何指示代詞或冠詞,否那么要改換相應(yīng)的介

詞obytaxi=inataxi

bytrain=in.atrain

bybicycle=onabicycle

byship=onaship

byboat=inaboat

bybus=onabus

byplane=onaplane

byair空運(yùn)

byland陸運(yùn)

bysea海運(yùn)

onfootonhorseback

byphonebyletterbyradio

byairmailbyhand

[誤]AlotofFrenchwinesaremadeofgrape.

[正]AlotofFrenchwinesaremadefromgrape.

[析]madeof是指由原材料到成品過(guò)程中原材料未發(fā)生質(zhì)地的變化,而發(fā)生了某種變化

那么要用from,如:Thedeskwasmadeofhardwood.

[誤]ThisisagooddictionaryinEnglishgrammar.

[正]ThisisagooddictionaryonEnglishgrammar.

[析]關(guān)于某方面的書(shū)籍、報(bào)告等有兩個(gè)介詞,其中。n表示某專業(yè)用書(shū),about那么為某方

面的普通讀物,如:Thisisabookaboutphysics.即物理科普知識(shí)。

[誤]Doyouhavethekeyofthedoor.

[正]Doyouhavethekeytothedoor.

[析]keytothedoor門(mén)的鑰匙。相同用法還有answertothequestion,entrancetothehighway,

dangertohealth.千萬(wàn)不要用of。

[誤]TodayalotofChinesepeoplehaveinterestofcollectingstamps.

[正]TodayalotofChinesepeoplehaveinterestincollectingstamps.

[析]haveinterestin是在某方面有興趣。

[誤]Ididn'tdomyhomework,sotheteacherwasangrytome.

[正]Ididn'tdomyhomework,sotheteacherwasangrywithme.

[析]beangrywith其后接人,而beangryat其后接事。如:Hewasangryatwhatshesaid.

[誤]Hewasgoodforskating.

[正]Hewasgoodatskating.

[析]begoodat為“擅長(zhǎng)某事",而begoodforsomebody.為對(duì)某人很好。

[誤]Itwasgoodtoyoutohelpmylittleboy.

[正]Itwasgoodofyoutohelpmylittleboy.

[析]這句話應(yīng)譯為:你真太好了,幫助了我的小孩。而begoodtosomebody是對(duì)某人態(tài)

度好。如:Hermotherisgoodtoeveryone.

[誤]Myparentswereverypleasedatme.

[正]Myparentswereverypleasedwithme.

[正]Myparentswereverypleasedatmystudying.

[析]bepleasedwith后力口somebody,而bepleasedat后力口somethingo

[誤]Heisagreewithme.

[正]Heagreeswithme.

[誤]Heagainstsme.

[正]Heisagainstme.

[析]同意agree為動(dòng)詞,而反對(duì)against那么為介詞。在使用中,定要注意。

[誤]Ihaven'theardlettersfromhim.

[正]Ihaven'theardfromhim.

[析]hearfrom即為:從某人處得到信件。不要再加letter了。

[誤]Teacher.MayIcallatyouthisweekend

[正]Teacher.MayIcallonyouthisweekend

[析]作為"拜訪"講callat其后接地點(diǎn),如:MayIcallatyourhomethisweekend而callon

其后接人。

[誤]Doyouknowthegirlonwhite

[正]Doyouknowthegirlinwhite

[析]inwhite為穿一身白。與in有關(guān)的詞組有:inbed(睡覺(jué)),inhospital(住院),inahurry(匆

匆忙忙),indanger(危險(xiǎn)中),injoy(快樂(lè)),ingoodhealth(身體好),inlove(戀愛(ài)),introuble(困

境),與之相反的是outof,如:outoftrouble(擺脫困境),outofdate(過(guò)時(shí)了),outoforder(tB

故障)

[誤]Helookedat.meatsurprise.

[正]HeLookedatmeinsurprise.

[析]surprise的用法一般有三種。①用于句首,Toone*ssurprise,如:Tomysurprisehe

succeeded.②besurprisedat,如:Iwassurprisedatthenews.③用于句尾insurprise.

[析]becauseof后接名詞,如:Thegamewasputoffbecauseoftherain.

(三)例題解析

1-Thankyouthebeautifulflowers!

-Notatall.

AinBonCatDfor

[答案]D.

[析]由于某事向某人道謝應(yīng)用for。

2CanyouanswerthisquestionEnglish

AbyBinCwithDfrom

[答案]B.

[析]in表示用語(yǔ)言、聲音、或材料,如:He.answeredthequestioninalowvoice.

3LookthemapChinathewall,please.

Aafter,of,inBat,of,in

Cafter,in,onDat,of,on

[答案]D.

[析]lookat為“看",而onthewall為”在墻外表掛著",ffijinthewall那么是“在墻內(nèi)”,

如:Thereisholeinthewall.墻上有個(gè)洞。

4-WhendidMrGreenarriveinLondon

-HearrivedtheretheeveningofDecember6th.

AatBinConDto

[答案]C.

[析]intheevening/afternoon這兩個(gè)詞組不管是在其前或后加上任何修飾詞都應(yīng)將介詞換

為on,如:onacoldmorning,onaspringmorning等。

5Wewontherelayrace.Andtherewasabigsmileourteacher*sface.

AoffBnearConDbetween

[答案]C.

6Thetwinsgotonwelltheirclassmates.

AtoBinCwithDabout

[答案]C.

[析]getonwellwith與人相處很好。

AinBatConDfor

[答案]C.

8Let'shurry,orwellbelateschool

AtoBatCwithDfor

[答案]D.

9Theywillhaveamathstesttwodays

AforBatCinDafter

[答案]C.

[析]三天之內(nèi)應(yīng)用in,而不要受中文影響用after,afterthreedays是個(gè)不定的時(shí)間范圍,

即沒(méi)有一個(gè)準(zhǔn)確的時(shí)間。5天、6天、10天全是afterthreedays。

10Mybrotherjoinedthearmy

A1989,MarchBinMarch,1989

CMarch,1989D1989,inMarch

[答案]B.

[析]在月份、年、前用介詞in,而日子前用on。

11Hecouldn'tworkoutthemathsproblemyourhelp

AwithoutBunderCforDwith

[答案]A.

[析]在某人幫助下應(yīng)用with,如:WiththehelpoftheteacherIpassedtheexameasily而

要是沒(méi)有你的幫助那么用withoutyourhelp

12Grannytookonelookatusherglasses

AbyBthroughConDin

[答案]B.

[析]through為穿過(guò)...o

13Wehadourbreakfastaquarterseven

A/,toBin,toCat,toDon,to

[答案]C.

[析]具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)前用at,而差幾分幾點(diǎn)用to,這里應(yīng)譯為:我在差一刻七點(diǎn)吃的早飯。

14IlearnFrenchtheradioeveryday

AonBinCfromDat

[答案]A.

[析]從收音機(jī)中聽(tīng)到某事應(yīng)用詞組ontheradio。

15It*sgoodmannerstowaitline

AinBonCatDwith

[答案]A.

[析]inline為排隊(duì)。

16HowmanyEnglish,wordshadyoulearntlastterm

AbytheendofBattheendof

CtotheendofDtilltheendof

[答案]A.

[析]bytheendof為動(dòng)作的截止時(shí)間,與完成時(shí)態(tài)相配合

17Themanagerwasverysatisfiedhiswork

AinBonCaboutDwith

[答案]D.

[析]besatisfiedwith為固定搭配。

18JohnhitJackface

AontheBintheConhisDinhis

[答案]B.

[析]英文中的某些動(dòng)詞其后要接人,然后加介詞+the+身體部位,如:Hecaughttheboyby

thearmo

19IwasbornthenightSeptember15,1978

Ain,onBat,onCat,inDon,of

[答案]D.

[析]在時(shí)間前加介詞時(shí)應(yīng)以最小的時(shí)間單位為準(zhǔn)。

20It'sabadmannertolaughpeoplewhentheyaretrouble

Aover,inBat,inCin,atDat,for

[答案]B.

[析]laughat嘲笑某人,laughover笑著談?wù)撃橙嘶蚰呈?,introuble陷入困境。

21Ican'tdothisworkwellTom'shelp

AunderBforCwithoutDfrom

[答案]C.

22Don'tshouttheoldwomanoYoushouldbemorepoliteher

Ato,atBat,toCin,forDfrom,for

[答案]B.

[析]shoutat為"沖某人喊叫",而bepolitetosomebody為”對(duì)某人和氣。

23Wemustbestrictourselveseverything

Awith,inBin,withCwith,toDto,of

[答案]A.

[析]bestrictwith對(duì)某人嚴(yán)格要求。

24HewenttothefootballmatchlunchlastSunday

AtoBwithoutCbehindDbetween

[答案]B.

[析]withoutlunch未吃午飯。

25Thepeople'sRepublicofChinawasfounded1949

AwithBonCsinceDin

[答案]D.

[析]在年代前用ino因句子是過(guò)去時(shí)而不是完成時(shí),所以不能用sinceo

26MrBlackgottoHangzhouafewdays

AinBafterConDat

[答案]B.

[析]這句話應(yīng)譯為:幾天之后MrBlack到達(dá)了杭州。而不是在幾天之內(nèi)一定要做完

某事,所以選B。

27-HastheteachergivenyouanyadviceyourEnglishstudy

-Yes,hehas

AfromBwithConDin

[答案]C.

[析]給予某一方面問(wèn)題的忠告其介詞用o

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