第08講-必修一Unit2-詞匯和閱讀-(外研版2019必修第一冊(cè))(解析版)

第08講Unit2ExploringEnglish（詞匯與閱讀）【學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)】提前預(yù)習(xí)新外研版必修一Unit2的重點(diǎn)詞匯和閱讀掌握中高考閱讀理解區(qū)別和題型解題技巧掌握常見三種構(gòu)詞法【基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)】一．重點(diǎn)詞匯學(xué)習(xí)1.seasickadj.2.sculptvt.3.titlen.4.behaviorn.5.confusev.6.alarmn.7.uniqueadj.8.creativityn.9.windup10.comeacross11.belikelytodo12.entrancen.13.contactv.14.remindv.15.additionn.16.resourcen.17.commentn.18.bootn.19.說話困難20.intendv.21.beawareof22.sectionn.23.organizationn.24.typen.25.contextn.26.recognizevt.27.oddadj..28.bebasedon29.recognizev.30.wickedadj.31.beopposedto32.burndown33.ratherthan34.beunfamiliarwith35.beconfusedabout36.actually=重點(diǎn)詞匯答案：見教材詞匯表重點(diǎn)詞匯解析考點(diǎn)一：Opposite(prep):在...對(duì)面(adv):在對(duì)面(adj):對(duì)面的，相反的；(n):對(duì)立面，對(duì)立的人/物Opposing(定語(yǔ)adj)opposed（表語(yǔ)adj）Oppose(v):反對(duì)，抵制Opposition反對(duì)，反抗opposedoing/sth:=beopposedtosthAsopposedtosth:與某事物相反，而非某事物Justtheopposite.:正好相反例1．【單句填空】1.Wethinkhighlyoftheteamwesupport,whilewemayaddnegativecommentsaboutanteam.2.(樂山市調(diào)研)Finally，thepairovercametheirparents’________andwereallowedtomarry.3.(江蘇無錫期中)Noteverybodyagreetotheplan.Somesupportit,whileIamoneofthosewhoaretoit.4.Thetwinshaveattitudestowardslife.Thus,oneislivinghappilyandtheotherisjustthe.5.結(jié)果令人非常不滿意，和我們所期望的恰恰相反。Theresultwasratherunsatisfactory,whatwehadexpected.當(dāng)時(shí)，大多數(shù)村民反對(duì)在村莊附近建一個(gè)化工廠。Atthattime,mostvillagersachemicalplantneartheirvillage.我們都希望老師多給我們點(diǎn)時(shí)間，但事實(shí)正好相反。Wehadallexpectedourteacherwouldgiveusmoretime,butthefactwas.答案：opposite2,opposition3,opposed4,opposing,opposite5,asopposedto6,wereopposedto7,justtheopposite考點(diǎn)二：Behaviour(un):行為，舉止；表現(xiàn)方式behave(v):表現(xiàn)，表現(xiàn)得體，有禮貌Well-behaved表現(xiàn)好的behavewell/badlybehaveoneself:守規(guī)矩，行為檢點(diǎn)例2．【單句填空】(廣東期末)MycousinJimdidn’tbehave(he)atthepartyandthusleftabadimpressionontheguests.Theboy(behave)wellatthebanquet(宴會(huì))andeveryonepraisedhisproper.(behave)Asateacher,youshouldn’tlookdownuponthosestudentswhobehave(bad)inschool.Whatyoushoulddoishelpandlovethem.湯姆因在課堂上的惡劣行為被懲罰了。答案：1，himself2,behaved,behavior3,badly4.Tomwaspunishedforthebadbehaviorinclass.考點(diǎn)三：Confusing(adj):令人困惑的，難以理解的，不清楚的Confuse(v):使迷惑，使糊涂；混淆Confusion困惑confuseAwith/andBconfusesbBeconfusedabout...Inconfusion:困惑地，困窘地辨析Bewilder(v):使困惑，使茫然，通常表現(xiàn)為心理和智力紊亂Puzzle(v):使迷惑，強(qiáng)調(diào)不理解或解決不了(n):puzzlementConfuse(v):一般用語(yǔ)；強(qiáng)調(diào)因混淆使人產(chǎn)生混亂Embarrass(v):使困窘，尷尬Perplex(v):使雜亂，疑慮，使不安eg.Thenewtaxlawsperplexme.例3．【單句填空】Wecanconcludefromhislookthatthisproblemreallyhim.(confuse)Becarefulnottoconfuse”abroad”“aboard”.Thetwowordsareverysimilar.Helookedatmein(confuse)anddidnotanswerthequestion.Whenyouareconfusedsomewordsinreading,youcanreferthedictionary.答案：Confused，confusing2，with/and3,confusion4,about,to考點(diǎn)四：Alarm(un):驚恐，驚慌(cn):警報(bào)器，警報(bào)。鬧鐘=alarmclock（v）：使擔(dān)心，使害怕，使驚恐Alarming(adj):使人驚恐的，令人驚謊的,令人擔(dān)憂的Alarmed害怕的Be/feelalarmedat/bysth:Bealarmedtosee/hear......Inalarm:驚慌地Raise/soundthealarm:發(fā)出警報(bào)Afire/smokealarm:防火/煙霧警報(bào)器Analarmsystem:報(bào)警系統(tǒng)例4．【單句填空】Therainforestsaredisappearingatan(alarm)rate,whichshouldarouse(引起)thegovernment’sattention.Hearingaloudnoiseoutsidehisdoor,hejumpedupalarm.People(因...感到擔(dān)心)aseriesofcampusfiresinrecentyears.Ineachoftheseaccidents,manydeathswerereported.Besureto(發(fā)起警報(bào))whenyouseeabuildinginonfire.Heturnedoffthealarmclockandwentbacktosleepagain.(翻譯)答案：1，alarming2，an3,werealarmedat4,soundthealarm5,關(guān)掉鬧鐘考點(diǎn)五：reflectReflectsb./sthinsth:在...里映出.....Bereflectedin....：被映照在...,被反映在....Reflecton/upon....：認(rèn)真思考......Inreflection:例5．【單句填空】Ourschoolmotto(reflect)theimportanceweplaceongoodmannershardwordandsuccess.Thelakeiscalmandclear,andoneofthethingsthatarereflectedthewateristhefamoustower.Ithinkyoushouldstopforamomentandreflectyoursuccessandfailure.（河南信陽(yáng)模考）Whatonecultureconsidersaconfusingorawkwardpausemaybeseenbyothersasavaluablemomentof(reflect)andasignofrespectforwhatthelastspeakerhassaid.答案：reflects2,in3,on/upon4,reflection考點(diǎn)六：Add...to...:把...加到...里(addedto...:后置定語(yǔ))Addto:增加，增添=increase(賓語(yǔ)常為抽象名詞）--decreaseAddsthup=addupsth:把...添加起來Addupto:總共是，總計(jì)為=cometoAddthat...增加說到，，，Add(v)-(n)addition:加，增加；附屬--(adj):additional:額外的inaddition=besidesInadditionto......例6．【單句填空】By2020,ChinesewillbeaddedthelistoflanguagesinIreland’snationalexams.Ifyouaddthosefourfigures,itcomestoover$500.Applyingtofourcompaniesforaposteverymonth,asfarasIknow,hasaddedthechancesofmybrother’sbeingemployed.Heexplainedthetaskwefacedand（補(bǔ)充說）thatallthemoneywecollectedsofaronly（總共是）halfofwhatweneededandthecomingcoldweatherwoulddefinitely（肯定）（增加）ourdifficulty.答案：1，to2,up3,to4,addedaddeduptoaddto考點(diǎn)七：Beincontact/touchwith...:與...有聯(lián)系Beoutofcontact/touchwith...Keepincontact/touchwith...Losecontact/touchwithHave/makecontactwith...:與...取得聯(lián)系例7．【單句填空】Contact1.Weourformerneighboursaftertheymoved.(失去了聯(lián)系)2.Ifeelstronglythatreadingdoesuslotsofgood.Itcan(broad)ourhorizonsandmakeusmoreintelligent.3.Somenarrowstreetshavebeen(broaden)sofar,sotherearefewertrafficjams.答案：1，lostcontactwith2,broaden3,broadened考點(diǎn)八：remind----reminderRemindsbofsth:使某人想起某事Remindsbaboutsth:提醒某人某事Remindsb(not)todosthRemindsbthat....:提醒某人......例8．【單句填空】Heremindedme(turn)offthelightswhenIgoout.ItremindsmemydayswhenIjoinedinthemilitarytrainingafterIenteredtheseniorhighschool.Thecoldservedasa(remind)thatwinterwasn’tquitefinished.老師經(jīng)常提醒我在考試中要保持冷靜。考點(diǎn)九：Makecomments/acommenton/about...:對(duì)...發(fā)表評(píng)論Commenton/upon...:對(duì)...進(jìn)行評(píng)論Commentthat...:評(píng)論說...Nocomment:無可奉告例9．【單句填空】（山西晉中期末）WhenI’mtiredofwordingonthestories,IcangoonlineandfindmyreaderscommentingmystoriesortellingmewhenImakemistakes.（北京朝陽(yáng)期末）Wethinkhighlyoftheteamwesupport,whilewemayaddnegativecommentsanopposingteam.他評(píng)論說這部電影值得一看。文學(xué)界的所有人都對(duì)他的新詩(shī)做了評(píng)論。(literarycircles)考點(diǎn)11：Intendtodosth/doingsthIntendsbtodosthBeintendedfor...=bemeantfor...:專門為...而設(shè)計(jì)的/專供...使用的例11．【單句填空】YesterdayIfoundabookinthebookstorechancewhichwasintendedbirdlovers.ThisisthewebsitewhichIintend(add)tomyfavouritestohelpmelearnhowtowritepoems.Mostdriverstodayusegesturestoshowtheir(intend).Theywaveacardown,ornodatpassers-byandcycliststoletthemcross.考點(diǎn)12：Comeacross:偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)，偶遇；給人的印象是；被理解Comeabout:發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生Comeupwith:提出Comeon:快點(diǎn)；來吧；開始；進(jìn)步；得了吧Comeout:出來；被出版；開花Cometo:被想到，合計(jì)，得出，作出，達(dá)成（協(xié)議）Comeup:走近；上來；出現(xiàn)，呈現(xiàn)；被提到，被提出；發(fā)芽；Whenitcomesto...:一談到........;就...而論例12．【單句填空】Hehisoldfriendonthestreetyesterday.（偶遇）Whatinhislaterpoetryisagreatsenseofsadness.（給人的印象是...）Hekepttalkingforalongtimebuthisideadidnotreallyintheend.(被理解）Mostofusknowweshouldcutdownonfat.Butknowingsuchthingsisn’tofmuchhelpshoppingandeating.（一談到）【真題演練】Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Theseworkersstruggledbetterworkingconditions.2．Igotupandwalked(calm)outintotheearlyevening.3．Theaccident(concern)withthebusdriver.4．Hehadtocontinuetolearnsomethingtoequiphimselfthestressoflosingajob.5．Thelawyerwassokindthathearguedthepoorman.6．Heis(anxious)waitingfortheresultofthemedicaltests.7．Theincidenthasfurtherincreasedthe(tense)betweenthetwocountries.8．Forsuchayoungman，itisreallyavery(stress)job.9．Thepresident(shoot)intheheadanddiedonthespot.10．Theprogrammeistargetedat(improve)thehealthofwomenofallages.Ⅱ.短語(yǔ)填空seeeyetoeyewithsb.(onsth.)；shootup；keepthepeace；calmdown；fromone'spointofview；thinksth.through；backdown；ontheotherhand1．Atlastthewildwind．2．IwishIcouldbringyoutoseethesituation．3．Youmustalwaysaproblembeforeacting.4．Facedwithourevidence，theothersidehadto．5．Ontheonehand，thisjobdoesn'tpayverymuch，butIcan'tgetanotherone.6．Weeachotherthis.7．Thatboysincewelastsawhim.8．Thepeace-keepingtroopstrytoofthatplace.hasshotup8.keepthepeaceofⅠ.單句語(yǔ)法填空【答案】1.for2.calmly3.wasconcerned4.under5.for6.anxiously7.tension8.stressful9.wasshot10.improvingⅡ.短語(yǔ)填空【答案】1.calmeddown2.frommypointofview3.thinkthrough4.backdown5.ontheotherhand6.seeeyetoeyewith7.hasshotup8.keepthepeaceof【過關(guān)檢測(cè)】ABookscan'tstopaglobalpandemic.But，forashortwhile，theycanletusforgettheworldaroundusandtransportustodifferentplaces，allowingustotravelinspirit.Herearesomepicksforthismonth：RohintonMistry：AFineBalanceMistry'snovelfocusesonthelivesoffourcentralcharacterswhoselivesareonadownwardspiral，frompovertytooutrightdestitutionand，ultimately，death.MistrydoesnotwhitewashtherealityofurbanpovertyinIndia.Butasreaders，webecomeabsorbedinhischaractersliveswehopewiththem，wefearforthemand，attheend，wecryforthem.ElenaFerrante：MyBrilliantFriendElenaFerrante'snovelstakeusstraighttotheItaliancityofNapoliStartingwithMyBrilliantFriend，thefournovelscharttheintensiverelationshipbetweentwogirl，ElenaGreco(Lenù)andRaffaellaCerullo(Lila)whogrowupinapoorneighborhoodinthe1950s.ReadingFerrante'sdescriptioncallsforthimagesofNapoliandmakesusfeellikewearestandinginthePiazzadelPlebiscito.Wecanfeel，hearandsmellNapoliaroundus.PatrickModiano：TheSearchWarrantTheSearchWarrantpiecestogetherthereal-lifestoryofDoraBruder，ayoungJewishgirlwhowentmissinginParisinDecember1941.ModianoattemptstoretraceDora'smovementsacrossParisandhisbookisfullofevocativedescriptionsofquietsquaresandstreets.BytracingDora'spossiblesteps，ModianoevocativelyrecreatesthetwilightatmosphereofParisunderoccupation.KazuoIshiguro：TheRemainsoftheDayTheRemainsoftheDaytellsthestoryofStevens，theagedbutlerofDarlingtonHall，andhisilljudgedlifechoicesthatsawhimbeinginvolvedwithBritishfascismintheinterwaryears.ThisallusiontoBritishfascisminparticularissomethingthatmakesthisnovelstandout；itisasubjectmatternotoftendiscussedoreventaught.1．WhichbookissetinIndia?A．AFineBalance.B．MyBrilliantFriend.C．TheSearchWarrant.D．TheRemainsoftheDay.2．WhatdoMyBrilliantFriendandTheSearchWarranthaveincommon?A．Bothnovelstellreallifestories.B．BothnovelstakeplaceinItaly.C．Botharerelatedtointerpersonalrelationship.D．Bothgiveavividdescriptionofthesurroundings.3．WhatisspecialaboutTheRemainsoftheDay?A．Itsmovingstory.B．Itsmiserablecharacter.C．Itsrarelymentionedsubject.D．Itsskillfultechniquesofdescription.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。書籍不能阻止全球性的流行病。但是，在短時(shí)間內(nèi)，它們可以讓我們忘記周圍的世界，把我們帶到不同的地方，讓我們?cè)诰裆下眯小Ｎ恼轮饕榻B了四本書的相關(guān)信息。1【答案】A[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“MistrydoesnotwhitewashtherealityofurbanpovertyinIndia.”可知Mistry并沒有掩飾印度城市貧困的現(xiàn)實(shí)。由此可知，AFineBalance是以印度為背景的。故選A。]2【答案】D[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“ReadingFerrante'sdescriptioncallsforthimagesof...Wecanfeel，hearandsmellNapoliaroundus.(讀到Ferrante的描述，我們會(huì)聯(lián)想起那不勒斯的景象，感覺自己仿佛站在了PiazzadelPlebiscito廣場(chǎng)上。我們可以感受到，聽到，聞到那不勒斯的味道)”以及倒數(shù)第四段中的“ModianoattemptstoretraceDora'smovementsacrossParisandhisbookisfullofevocativedescriptionsofquietsquaresandstreets.(Modiano試圖追溯Dora在巴黎的活動(dòng)，他的書中充滿了對(duì)寧?kù)o廣場(chǎng)和街道的令人回味的描述)”可知，MyBrilliantFriend與TheSearchWarrant二者的共同點(diǎn)是兩者都生動(dòng)地描述了環(huán)境。故選D。]3【答案】C[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“ThisallusiontoBritishfascisminparticularis...itisasubjectmatternotoftendiscussedoreventaught.”可知，尤其是對(duì)英國(guó)法西斯主義的提及使這部小說脫穎而出；這是一個(gè)很少被討論甚至被教授的主題。由此可知，TheRemainsoftheDay的特別之處在于它有很少被提及的主題。故選C。]BForthebraveinthearmedforces，beingsentawayfromhomeformonthsatatimeisjustpartoftheduty.However，it'sneveraneasyonetoperformespeciallyforthosewithchildren.SowhenIfoundoutIwasgoingtobestationedinSouthKoreaforayear，Iwasnervousabouthowmyfivechildren，particularlymyeldestdaughterAbigail，wouldtakethenewssinceitmeantIwouldn'tbehometoseehergraduatefromhighschool.Incredibly，AbigailtoldmenottoworryandevensuggestedwelivestreamtheeventamongfamilymemberswhenIleakedthenews.“We'vebeenluckyyouhaven'thadtobesentabroadyet.AnywaywecangetconnectedthroughtheInternet.Seemeonyourphoneonmyspot，”Abigailsaid.ShesteppedintomanyofmyroleswhenIwasgone.IwantedtofindawaytothankherandshowherhowproudIwasofher.IstartedplanningthespecialsurprisewhenmyrequesttoreturnhomeafewweeksearlytoattendAbigail'sgraduationceremonywasapproved.WhenmytimeinSouthKoreafinallycametoanend，Iflewhome，rentedacar，andstayedinahotel.AndonAbigail'sgraduationday，IhidinanofficebehindthestagewaitinguntilIheardmydaughter'snamecalled.Ijustkeptthinking“Don'tcry.Don'ttripinyourheels.Don'tfallover.”Atlast！Abigailwasuponstage.Islippedupbehindher，whisperedinherear，andaroundsheturned！“Iwasjustthinking，like，‘Youaren'tsupposedtobehere.What？What？How？’Itwasthebiggestshock...I'mprettysuremydadmadepeoplehedidn'tevenknowcry.Emotionalforeveryone，”Abigailcried.Youknowwhatfollowed：embraces，kisses，tears，laughs，flowers，wishes...；aren'tthesewhatafamilyhasinstore?4．Whatworriedtheauthormost?A．HisdutyinSouthKorea.B．Hisfivechildren'ssafety.C．Hiseldestdaughter'sstudy.D．Hisabsencefromabigevent.5．Whatistheprobablemeaningoftheunderlinedphrase“l(fā)ivestream”？A．Plan. B．Celebrate.C．Prepare. D．Broadcast.6．HowdidAbigailfeelwhenmeetingherfather?A．Embarrassed. B．Overjoyed.C．Nervous. D．Satisfied.7．Whatdoestheauthormainlyintendtoexpressbytellingthestory?A．Asoldier'spersonalsacrifice.B．Afather'sloveforhisfamily.C．Themeaningoffamilybond.D．Thewaytoplanabigsurprise.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。作者在得知要離家執(zhí)勤后，擔(dān)心孩子們尤其是大女兒接受不了這個(gè)消息，因?yàn)檫@意味著作者不能參加大女兒的畢業(yè)典禮。但是，他卻得到了孩子的理解和家人的支持。最后在得到允許后及時(shí)趕到大女兒的畢業(yè)典禮，給了她一個(gè)驚喜。4【答案】D[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Iwasnervousabouthowmyfivechildren，particularlymyeldestdaughterAbigail，wouldtakethenewssinceitmeantIwouldn'tbehometoseehergraduatefromhighschool.”可知，作者擔(dān)心他不能參加大女兒的高中畢業(yè)典禮。畢業(yè)典禮是一個(gè)大事件。]5【答案】D[詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段中的“AnywaywecangetconnectedthroughtheInternet.Seemeonyourphoneonmyspot”可知，不管怎樣作者可以通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)觀看女兒的畢業(yè)典禮。由此可猜測(cè)，livestream意思是“視頻直播”，與broadcast意義相近。]6【答案】B[推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“What？What？How？”和“Itwasthebiggestshock...I'mprettysuremydadmadepeoplehedidn'tevenknowcry.Emotionalforeveryone”可知，女兒見到作者時(shí)非常興奮。故選B。]7【答案】C[寫作意圖題。通讀全文并根據(jù)文章最后一段可知，作者想通過這個(gè)故事來表達(dá)親情的意義。]COnFebruary6，2020，AmericanastronautChristinaKocharrivedbackonEarthafter328daysinspace.Hertimeinspaceisjustoneoftherecordssetbyherself.That'sthelongestspaceflightevermadebyawoman，andjustoneofthemanythingsMs.Kochachievedinspace.Ms.KochtookofffromEarthfortheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)onMarch12，2019.Whileinspace，shemade5，248tripsaroundtheEarth，travelling2，237millionkilometres，whichisroughlythesameas291tripstotheMoonandback.Duringher11monthsontheISS，Ms.Kochtookpartinsixspacewalks，spendingover42hoursinalloutsidethestation.InOctoberof2019，Ms.Kochledthefirsteverall-femalespacewalkwithJessicaMeir.Butformostastronauts，spacetravelisn'taboutsettingrecords.It'saboutdoingscience.Ms.Kochtookpartinawidevarietyofspecialexperiments，includingstudyinghowcrystals(晶體)growinspace，howatoms(原子)behaveinextremecoldandlearningmoreaboutgrowingplantsinlowgravity.Growingplantsinspacecouldbeanimportantwaytoprovidefoodonfuturetrips.Shealsotestedanewwayofseparatingliquidsfromgases.Thisexperimentcouldleadtosimplemethodsofcleaningwaterandairinspace，whichcouldbeveryimportantforfuturespacetravel.Ms.Kochisn'tjustascientistandanastronaut.Sheisalsobeingstudied.She'spartofaNASAprogramstudyinghowastronautsareaffectedbybeinginspaceforlongperiodsoftime.Hertripwasonly12daysshorterthantheAmericanrecordsetbyScottKellyin2016.AstheydidwithMr.Kelly，NASAscientistsarelookingcarefullyatwaysMs.Koch'sbodyhasbeenaffectedbyhertimeinspace.ThatresearchisimportantforthelongerspacetripsNASAhopestomakeinthefuture，suchasforabaseonthemoonoratriptoMars.8．WhichofthefollowingisanachievementMs.Kochhasmade?A．Makingthelongestspaceflightbyherself.B．Leadingthefirstwomen-onlyspacewalk.C．Cleaningwaterandairsuccessfullyinspace.D．StayingoutsidetheISScontinuouslyfor42hours.9．WhatdoestheauthorwanttotelluswithsomanydetailedfiguresinParagraph2?A．Kochmadehistoricbreakthroughsinspace.B．Kochwentthroughalife-threateningspacetrip.C．Kochcompletedadmirabletasksinthespacetravel.D．KochisthemostexperiencedastronautinNASA.10．Whichstatementagreeswiththetext?A．Astronautsarecompetingtosetnewrecords.B．Koch'steamproducedtheirownfoodinspace.C．NASAhasfoundedascientificbaseonthemoon.D．Koch'sresearchissignificantforspaceexploration.11．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Record-SettingAstronautKochReturnstoEarthB．USAstronautsCarriedoutExperimentsinSpaceC．SpacewalksHaveSuccessfullyBeenDoneontheISSD．NASAIsStudyingAstronautsforLongerSpaceTripsC【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。主要介紹了美國(guó)宇航員Koch女士做了創(chuàng)記錄的太空飛行之后返回了地球，以及她為太空飛行所做出的巨大貢獻(xiàn)。8【答案】B[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“InOctoberof2019，Ms.Kochledthefirsteverall-femalespacewalkwithJessicaMeir.”可知，在2019年10月，Koch女士與JessicaMeir一起領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了第一次只有女性的太空旅行。故選B。]9【答案】C[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“That'sthelongestspaceflightevermadebyawoman，andjustoneofthemanythingsMs.Kochachievedinspace.”可知，這次最長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的太空旅行只是Koch女士在太空中完成的任務(wù)之一。然后在接下來的第二段就用大量的數(shù)字列舉了她在太空旅行中完成了很多令人敬佩的任務(wù)。故選C。]10【答案】D[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thisexperimentcouldleadtosimplemethodsofcleaningwaterandairinspace，whichcouldbeveryimportantforfuturespacetravel.”可知，Koch女士的實(shí)驗(yàn)可以導(dǎo)致一種簡(jiǎn)單的清洗太空中的水和空氣的方法，所以她的研究對(duì)于未來的空間探索具有重要意義。故選D。]11【答案】A[標(biāo)題歸納題。本文主要介紹了美國(guó)宇航員Koch女士做了創(chuàng)記錄的太空飛行之后返回了地球，以及她為太空飛行所做出的巨大貢獻(xiàn)。所以最佳題目：創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的宇航員Koch返回地球。故選A。]DItissaidthatmanybraintrainingproductsisabletokeepusmentallyfit.Someproductsevenclaimthatbraintrainingcanpreventdementia(癡呆)inoldage.Manysuchproductsareonlymoney-makingrubbish.Also，thereisnoscientificproofthatgamesorotherbrainexercisescanhavethiseffect.ThatiswhattheGermanInstituteforQualityandEfficiencyinHealthCare(IQWiG)pointedout.Aswegetolder，ourthinkinggetssloweranditisharderforustolearnnewthings.Manypeopletrytostaymentallyfitby，forexample，learninganewlanguageordoingcrosswordpuzzles.Computergamesthataimtokeepthebrainactivearealsobecomingincreasinglypopular.“Doingexercisesliketryingtofindsymbolsonacomputerscreenasfastaspossiblecanactuallyimproveyourreactiontime，”explainsProfessorPeterSawicki，theInstitute'sDirector.“Butscientificstudieshaveshownthatbraintrainingonlyleadstoanimprovementinoneaspectthatitisaimedat.Soifyoulearntofindsymbolsquickly，itdoesnotmeanthatyouwillbeabletoimproveyourmemory.”Researchhasnotshownthatbraintrainingcankeepuporenhance(加強(qiáng))people'soverall(全面的)mentalabilitiesascommonlythought.“Sothereisnoneedtofeelbadifyoudonotenjoybraintraining：therearenohealthreasonsfordoingit，”saysSawicki.“Butifyouthinkbraintrainingexercisesareinteresting，youcantryoutdifferentthings.Forexample，completingtheorderofletterscanimproveyourlogicskills.Andpracticingwordassociationtechniquescanhelpyoutorememberthingsbetter.Youcandoallofthesethingsathomeonyourown.”12．Whatcanwelearnaboutthebraintrainingproductsaccordingtothepassage?A．Theyareexpensive.B．Theyareeffective.C．Theyareharmfultothebrain.D．Theyareunreliable.13．AccordingtoPeterSawicki，braintrainingexercisescan．A．onlyimproveacertainabilityofpeopleB．helpallpeopleimprovetheirmemoryC．keepthebrainactiveforalongertimeD．onlyimproveyourreactiontime14．Thelastparagraphshowsthatbraintrainingexercisesshouldbedone．A．whenyoucan'tlearnnewthingsB．inarelaxingwayC．understrictinstructionsD．whenyourthinkinggetsmuchslower15．Onthewhole，researchersthinkthatbraintrainingexercises．A．a(chǎn)ren'taseffectiveascommonlythoughtB．a(chǎn)rejustdesignedforyoungpeopletohavefunC．maybenefitpeopleinsomeindirectwaysD．shouldn'tbeencouragedD【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述研究發(fā)現(xiàn)大腦訓(xùn)練并不會(huì)像人們認(rèn)為的那樣提高人的大腦能力。12【答案】D[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Manysuchproductsareonlymoney-makingrubbish.Also，thereisnoscientificproofthatgamesorotherbrainexercisescanhavethiseffect.(很多這樣的產(chǎn)品都是只為了賺錢的垃圾。而且，沒有可以科學(xué)證據(jù)可以證明這些游戲或大腦鍛煉有這種功效)”可知，本文作者認(rèn)為大腦訓(xùn)練產(chǎn)品是不可靠的，因?yàn)闆]有科學(xué)證據(jù)證明它們有用。Theyareunreliable(它們不可靠)符合以上說法，故選D項(xiàng)。]13【答案】A[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Butscientificstudieshaveshownthatbraintrainingonlyleadstoanimprovementinoneaspectthatitisaimedat.Soifyoulearntofindsymbolsquickly，itdoesnotmeanthatyouwillbeabletoimproveyourmemory.(但研究表明：大腦訓(xùn)練只能使其所針對(duì)的一個(gè)方面得到改善，所以，如果你學(xué)會(huì)了快速尋找圖像，這并不意味著你就能提高你的記憶能力)”可知，PeterSawicki認(rèn)為大腦訓(xùn)練只能改善人的某一項(xiàng)能力。onlyimproveacertainabilityofpeople(只能改善人的某一項(xiàng)能力)符合以上說法，故選A項(xiàng)。]14【答案】B[推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“‘Sothereisnoneedtofeelbadifyoudonotenjoybraintraining：therearenohealthreasonsfordoingit，’saysSawicki.‘Butifyouthinkbraintrainingexercisesareinteresting，youcantryoutdifferentthings...”(Sawicki說：“所以，如果你不喜歡大腦訓(xùn)練，也沒有必要感覺糟糕：這樣做沒有任何健康方面的理由。”“但如果你認(rèn)為大腦訓(xùn)練很有趣，你可以嘗試不同的東西?！?可推測(cè)，Sawicki認(rèn)為做大腦訓(xùn)練時(shí)應(yīng)該放松，不要想太多，如果覺得有趣就做，如果覺得不喜歡就不做。inarelaxingway(用放松的方式)符合以上推測(cè)，故選B項(xiàng)。]15【答案】A[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Researchhasnotshownthatbraintrainingcankeepuporenhance(加強(qiáng))people'soverall(全面的)mentalabilitiesascommonlythought.(研究還沒有表明大腦訓(xùn)練可以像通常認(rèn)為的那樣保持或加強(qiáng)人們的整體智力)”可知，研究人員認(rèn)為大腦訓(xùn)練沒有人們通常認(rèn)為的那樣有效。aren'taseffectiveascommonlythought(不是像通常認(rèn)為的那樣有效)符合以上說法，故選A項(xiàng)。]Ⅱ.閱讀七選五(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。HowtoStayOutofTroubleSometimesitmayseemlikeyou'realwaysgettingintotroublewithyourteachersoryourparents.16Thebestthingtodoistostoptroublebeforeitstarts.It'salwayspossibletoturnoveranewleaf.17Joiningasportsteamisagreatwaytostayoutoftrouble.Whetheryou'replayingsoccerorbaseball，teamsportsareagreatwaytofindsomethingtodoratherthangetintotrouble.Joinaclub.Ifsportsaren'tyourthing，youcanalwaysjoinaclub.Youcanjoinanartclub，chessclub，F(xiàn)renchclub，cookingclubandsoon.18Therefore，youwon'thavetimetoannoyyourteachersorparents.Govolunteering.19Ifyou'retooyoungtodoitonyourown，gowithaparenttoavolunteeringevent.Youcanhelppeoplelearntoread，cleanupalocalpark，orworkinasoupkitchen.Findsomethingthatismeaningfultoyouandcommittoitatleastonceaweek.Readasmuchasyoucan.Readingcanhelpyouimproveyourvocabularyandcomprehensionskills.20Gettingtrulyinterestedinstoriescanhelpyouforgetthehourspassingby.Readingforjust20minutesbeforebedtimeeverynightcanhelpyoudevelopanaddictinglifelonghabit.A．Joinasportsteam.B．Playsoccerorbaseball.C．Thenyoucanhaveagoodtimewithyourfriends.D．Volunteeringisanothergreatwaytostayoutoftrouble.E．Theseclubscanhelpyoufocusonsomethingyoucareabout.F．What'smore，ifyou'rereading，thenyou'renotgettingintotrouble.G．Andnomatterwhatyoudo，youjustcan'tseemtogetthingsright.Ⅱ.閱讀七選五(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章就如何避免麻煩向讀者提供了四條建議。主要有參加運(yùn)動(dòng)隊(duì)，加入俱樂部，多讀書等。16．【答案】G[前句“Sometimesitmayseemlikeyou'realwaysgettingintotroublewithyourteachersoryourparents.”意為有時(shí)你似乎總是和老師或父母發(fā)生沖突，選項(xiàng)G對(duì)上句進(jìn)行了進(jìn)一步的說明，同時(shí)也引出了下句解決麻煩的迫切性，故選G。]17．【答案】A[根據(jù)文章篇章結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是對(duì)本段主題的考查，且為祈使句，本段主要講加入運(yùn)動(dòng)隊(duì)，故選A。]18．【答案】E[本段主要講加入社團(tuán)。選項(xiàng)E中的Theseclubs與上句中的“anartclub，chessclub，F(xiàn)renchclub，cookingclubandsoon”互應(yīng)，故選E。]19．【答案】D[本段主要講參加志愿活動(dòng)，選項(xiàng)D中的Volunteering與主題句“Govolunteering”互應(yīng)，故選D。]20．【答案】F[本段主要講多讀書可以使你避免麻煩，選項(xiàng)F中的“ifyou'rereading，thenyou'renotgettingintotrouble”與本段主旨互應(yīng)，故選F。]Ⅲ.完形填空(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。LesBrownisoneoftheworld'sgreatestspeakers.Heisalsoathoughtleaderonself-improvementand21.However，Lesfounditdifficulttolearnknowledgewhenhewasa22．Duringhisschooldays，hewasthoughtas“23tolearnwell”bytheteachersandplaced24from6thgradeto5thgrade.Tomakethingsworse，hehadatwinbrotherwhowasratherbrightand25，soLeswas26byhisclassmates.Onedayateacheraskedhimto27aproblemonthebl