標(biāo)準(zhǔn)解讀

《GB/T 45088-2024 林木采伐技術(shù)規(guī)程》是一項(xiàng)國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，旨在規(guī)范林木采伐過程中的技術(shù)要求與操作流程，確保森林資源的合理利用及生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)。該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)覆蓋了從采伐前準(zhǔn)備到作業(yè)實(shí)施、直至后續(xù)處理的一系列環(huán)節(jié)。

在采伐準(zhǔn)備階段，強(qiáng)調(diào)了對目標(biāo)區(qū)域進(jìn)行全面調(diào)查的重要性，包括但不限于樹種構(gòu)成、生長狀況以及生物多樣性等信息的收集，以此為基礎(chǔ)制定科學(xué)合理的采伐計(jì)劃。同時(shí)，還需考慮如何最小化對非目標(biāo)植被的影響，并采取措施保護(hù)珍稀瀕危物種及其棲息地。

進(jìn)入實(shí)際操作時(shí)，《GB/T 45088-2024》規(guī)定了詳細(xì)的采伐方法和技術(shù)參數(shù)，比如根據(jù)不同樹種特性選擇合適的砍伐工具和技巧；對于特定類型的樹木（如古樹名木），則有更加嚴(yán)格的保護(hù)措施。此外，還特別關(guān)注安全問題，要求所有參與人員接受專業(yè)培訓(xùn)并穿戴適當(dāng)?shù)姆雷o(hù)裝備。

關(guān)于木材搬運(yùn)與集材，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提出了效率與環(huán)境保護(hù)相結(jié)合的原則，鼓勵(lì)采用低影響度的方法進(jìn)行運(yùn)輸，減少土壤壓實(shí)和水土流失的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。同時(shí)，提倡使用機(jī)械化設(shè)備代替人力，在提高工作效率的同時(shí)降低勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度。


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ICS65.020.01

CCSB65

中華人民共和國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

GB/T45088—2024

林木采伐技術(shù)規(guī)程

Codeofpracticeforforesttreeharvesting

2024?11?28發(fā)布2024?11?28實(shí)施

國家市場監(jiān)督管理總局

國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化管理委員會發(fā)布

GB/T45088—2024

目次

前言··························································································································Ⅲ

1范圍·······················································································································1

2規(guī)范性引用文件········································································································1

3術(shù)語和定義··············································································································1

4總則·······················································································································4

5林木采伐程序···········································································································5

6森林采伐類型與方式確定····························································································6

7森林采伐更新·········································································································11

8伐區(qū)調(diào)查設(shè)計(jì)·········································································································13

9林木采伐作業(yè)·········································································································16

10作業(yè)安全和保護(hù)措施·······························································································19

11伐區(qū)檢查驗(yàn)收········································································································21

12檔案管理··············································································································22

附錄A（規(guī)范性）林木或林分生長的有關(guān)要求····································································24

附錄B（資料性）主要樹種林木擇伐起伐胸徑····································································26

附錄C（資料性）采伐作業(yè)小班外業(yè)調(diào)查表樣式·································································28

附錄D（規(guī)范性）不同集材方式的適用條件和主要技術(shù)參數(shù)··················································30

附錄E（規(guī)范性）主要采伐類型和采伐方式伐區(qū)調(diào)查設(shè)計(jì)表··················································31

附錄F（規(guī)范性）伐區(qū)勞務(wù)用工和機(jī)械設(shè)備設(shè)計(jì)·································································37

附錄G（規(guī)范性）伐區(qū)生產(chǎn)成本費(fèi)用················································································38

附錄H（規(guī)范性）林木采伐作業(yè)操作和安全要求·································································39

附錄I（規(guī)范性）采伐作業(yè)檢查驗(yàn)收評價(jià)···········································································50

參考文獻(xiàn)····················································································································52

Ⅰ

GB/T45088—2024

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作導(dǎo)則第1部分：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化文件的結(jié)構(gòu)和起草規(guī)則》的規(guī)

定起草。

請注意本文件的某些內(nèi)容可能涉及專利。本文件的發(fā)布機(jī)構(gòu)不承擔(dān)識別專利的責(zé)任。

本文件由國家林業(yè)和草原局提出。

本文件由全國森林資源標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化技術(shù)委員會（SAC/TC370）歸口。

本文件起草單位：國家林業(yè)和草原局林草調(diào)查規(guī)劃院、東北林業(yè)大學(xué)、中國林業(yè)科學(xué)研究院資源信

息研究所、中國林業(yè)科學(xué)研究院林業(yè)研究所、國家林業(yè)和草原局西北調(diào)查規(guī)劃院、國家林業(yè)和草原局中

南調(diào)查規(guī)劃院、廣西壯族自治區(qū)林業(yè)局。

本文件主要起草人：劉克勇、蔣三乃、王鶴智、雷相東、白衛(wèi)國、李杰、賈煒瑋、張?jiān)卢?、劉兆剛、董利虎?/p>

袁耀、翁國慶、鄒全程、陳東升、張大為、閆哲、徐健楠、晁碧霄、卞斐、胡中岳、李宏韜、黃發(fā)、吳詠臻。

Ⅲ

GB/T45088—2024

林木采伐技術(shù)規(guī)程

1范圍

本文件確立了林木采伐的程序，規(guī)定了森林采伐類型與采伐方式、森林采伐更新、伐區(qū)調(diào)查設(shè)計(jì)、

林木采伐作業(yè)、作業(yè)安全和保護(hù)措施、伐區(qū)檢查驗(yàn)收和檔案管理等技術(shù)要求。

本文件適用于林地上各類林木的采伐，非林地上的林木采伐參考執(zhí)行。

2規(guī)范性引用文件

下列文件中的內(nèi)容通過文中的規(guī)范性引用而構(gòu)成本文件必不可少的條款。其中，注日期的引用文

件，僅該日期對應(yīng)的版本適用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改單）適用于

本文件。

GB/T144原木檢驗(yàn)

GB14192木材采伐運(yùn)輸安全通則

GB/T15163封山（沙）育林技術(shù)規(guī)程

GB/T15776—2023造林技術(shù)規(guī)程

GB/T15781—2015森林撫育規(guī)程

GB/T26424森林資源規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)調(diào)查技術(shù)規(guī)程

LY/T2408重大自然災(zāi)害林業(yè)災(zāi)損調(diào)查與評估技術(shù)規(guī)程

LY/T2908主要樹種齡級與齡組劃分

3術(shù)語和定義

下列術(shù)語和定義適用于本文件。

3.1

林木foresttree

胸徑5cm以上的喬木和2cm以上的竹子。

3.2

林分stand

內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)和特征相同或相近，且與鄰近地段有明顯區(qū)別的森林地段。

3.3

林木采伐foresttreeharvesting

依據(jù)森林資源經(jīng)營管理相關(guān)法律法規(guī)和政策規(guī)定，結(jié)合森林、林木的生長發(fā)育狀況，伐除部分或全

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