愛爾蘭的教育

TheEducationinIreland---Group82021/6/271CONTENTThesystemofIreland'seducationThescientistsThecharacteristicsofIreland'seducationUniversities2021/6/272AbriefintroductionoftheIrisheducation2021/6/273

religion&education

Traditionally,Irisheducationwasundertakenbyvariousreligiousorders,mostlyRomanCatholic(羅馬天主教).

withtheresultthatfortyyearsago,almostthreequartersofexistingschoolwere”denominational”(教派的).InIrelandtoday,therearemanyschoolofCatholicorientation,farfewerofProtestant;oneJewishandoneMuslimschool.2021/6/2741960TheIrishgovernmentmadeeducatingitsyoungpeoplepriority.Abouthalfeachgenerationemigrated,oftentolow-leveljobsintheUnitedKingdomorAmerica.2021/6/275

instituteasystemofteacherpaymentspercapitagrantsforsectarianor“denominational”schoolthusrenderingthemvirtuallyfreeforstudentswhilemaintainingtheformersectarianstructuresofedcationresultafter1960,theparticipationinsecondleveledcationrosefromabout45%toupto90%2021/6/276

In1996-1997theIrishgovernmentextendedfreeeducationtocoverallpublicuniersities,asiscommoninmostofEuropeancourtries.Asaresult,todaytheIrisheducationsystemisamongthecheapestandbestinEurope-buttheuniversitiesthemselvescomplaintheyarechronically(長期地)starvedforfunding.Itshouldbenotedthat“free”edcationatIrishuniversitiesisopenonlytoestablishedIrishresidents.2021/6/277InIreland,edcationiscompulsory(義務的)forchildrenaged6to15.AllchildrenintheRepublicmustlearntheIrishlanguage.TheeducationsystemisadministeredcentrallybytheDepartmentofEducationwhichprovidesthebulkofcurrentandcapitalfunding.2021/6/278ThreelevelsoftheIrelandeducationFirst-levelSecond-levelThird-level2021/6/279GeographyIrishMathematicsEnglishFrenchArtHistoryMusicPhysicalEducationCraftsSocial

and

Environmental

StudiesFirst-levelSchools2021/6/2710Second-levelSchools12VariousTypes2021/6/2711theLeavingCertificateexamsChineseGaokao

Attheendoftheseniorcycle2021/6/2712Third-levelSchoolsTherearefivepublicuniversitiesintheState.TheRegionalTechnicalCollegeandtheDublinInstituteofTechnologyplaceaheavyemphasisonappliedscienceandontechnologicaleducation,particularlyintheareaofthenewtechnologies.Manyofthesethird-levelinstitutionsexpandedrapidlyinthe1970stomeetthegovernment'sdemandformoreinclusiveuniversityeducationfortheIrishpeople.Sincethemid-1980s,however,theIrishpopulationhasbeguntodecline,withtheresultthattheIrishuniversitysectorisexpandingrapidlyintotheforeignmarket.2021/6/2713TeachingcharacteristicsinIreland2021/6/2714Thebiggestcharacteristicisofall-rounddevelopment,especiallypayattentiontophysicalexercise,everydaytheywillbeorganizedorspontaneousorganizationofextracurricularsportsactivities,fromexerciseteambasketball,football,toenhanceendurancerunning,walking,thisisnotonlytheirlife,buttheyarepartofschoollife.1.Payattentiontophysicalexercise,all-rounddevelopment2021/6/2715TheoutlineoftheprimaryschooleducationinIrelandclearlystipulatesthephysicaleducationcurriculummustincludesixsportsactivities:AthleticsDancegymnasticsGames

Outdoorandadventureactivitiesaquatics2021/6/27162.Respectthedifferencesofstudents,encouragestudentstoworkincooperativelearning2021/6/2717MoststudentswillreadintothenearestforconvenienceandaslongasthereisproofofresidenceinIreland,totheageoftheage,caneasilyadmission.Sotherewillbeaclassofstudentsofdifferentnationalities,differentcolor,disabledchildrenandnormalchildreninthesameclassintheclassisalsoverycommon.2021/6/2718Therefore,itisanimportantstandardtomeasurewhetheraschoolisagoodone.Oneoftheeffectivewayistocarryoutindividualizededucation.2021/6/27193.Campussecurityisatoppriority!2021/6/2720IrelandisanoguncountryandIreland'sschoolsareclosed,donotallowoutsiderstovisit.Ifyouwanttoapplyfortheschooltovisit,inadvanceatleast1monthstosubmitonlineapplications,aftertheschoolgivingapproval,youcanvisittheschool.Studentsarenotallowedtogohomealone,thechild'sschoolhasaschoolbusride,ifyoudonotusetheschoolbus,parentsorguardiansneedtopersonallypick.2021/6/2721Irelandhasaclearanddetaileddescriptionofthelocationofchildren'sfacilities.Ifitispossibletoaffectthechild'shealth,safetyfacilitiesandbuildings,mustbefarawayfromchildren.2021/6/27222021/6/2723Inchildren'sfacilities,Irelandhastwospecializedindependentregulatoryagenciesthatareindependentofthesocialsector.---TuslaInspectionsandPobalComplianceVisits.2021/6/27244.Readasjourney:oneyearinternship2021/6/2725MiddleschoolstudentsinIrelandfor6years,whichwasthreeyearsbeforetheinitialstage,aftertwoyearsofhighschool,inparticularherefourthyears(TransitionYear)istheconversionstagethisyear,thechildrenwillbeappropriatetotakesomecourses,butismorecontactwithsociety,increaseknowledge.2021/6/2726The

NationalUniversityofIreland

(NUI)isa

federaluniversity

systemof

constituentuniversities,previouslycalled

constituentcolleges,and

recognizedcolleges

setupundertheIrishUniversitiesAct

andsignificantlyamendedbytheUniversitiesAct.愛爾蘭國立大學，它是一個大學聯(lián)盟.其聯(lián)盟成員有:國立都柏林大學、國立科克大學、國立蓋爾維大學、國立梅努斯大學，它們分別位于都柏林((Dublin)、科克(Cork)、蓋爾維(Galway)及梅努斯(Maynooth)。2021/6/2727愛爾蘭國立科克大學(UniversityCollegeCork-NationalUniversityofIreland,Cork)2021/6/2728愛爾蘭國立都柏林大學(UniversityCollegeDublin-NationalUniversityofIreland,Dublin)2021/6/2729scientistsRobertBoyle羅伯特·波義耳(1627-1691)《TheScepticalChemist》《懷疑派化學家》Boylewasaleadingintellectualfigureofthe17thcenturyandoneofthefoundersofmodernchemistry，oftencalledthe“fatherofchemistry”.2021/6/2730HewasaprominentAnglo-Irish19th-centuryphysicist.Hisinitialscientificfamearoseinthe1850sfromhisstudyofdiamagnetism(反磁性學).Laterhemadediscoveriesintherealmsofinfraredradiation(紅外線技術)andthephysicalpropertiesofair，describedasTyndalleffect(丁達爾效應).Tyndallalsopublishedmorethanadozensciencebookswhichbroughtstate-of-the-art19thcenturyexperimentalphysicstoawideaudience.From1853to1887hewasprofessorofphysicsattheRoyalInstitutionofGreatBritaininLondon.約翰·丁達爾(JohnTyndall1820~1893年)2021/6/2731LordKelvin(開爾文勛爵1824~1907)LordKelvin,formerlyknownasWilliamThomson,wasbornon26June1824inBelfast.Hewasapioneerinmanydifferentfields,particularlyelectromagnetism(電磁學)andthermodynamics(熱力學).TheKelvinscale(開氏溫標)isnamedafterLordKelvin，whowroteoftheneedforan"absolutethermometricscale"