2024年高考英語核心考點(diǎn)精講精練（新高考專用）考點(diǎn)10 閱讀理解推理判斷之作者的目的和意圖

考點(diǎn)10閱讀理解

推理判斷之作者的目的和意圖（核心考點(diǎn)精講精練）

考情探究

1.三年真題考點(diǎn)分布

（點(diǎn)

題縱、推理判斷之目的和意圖

2023試卷類型設(shè)問考點(diǎn)

閱讀理解

[2023年1月.浙江28.WhydoestheauthormentionNoaOvadiainthe目的和意圖

卷】firstparagraph?【2023年1月?浙江卷】C

34.Whatisthepurposeofthelawsmentionedin

paragraph4?[2023年1月?浙江卷】D

[2023?新高考全國I26.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinmentioning目的和意圖

卷]Fuzhou?[2023?新高考全國I卷]B

28.Whatisthebookaimedat?[2023?新高考全國

I卷]C

⑵）23?新高考全國n31.Whatdoestheauthorwanttosaybymentioning目的和意圖

卷]thee-reader?[2023?新高考全國II卷]C

[2023?全國甲卷]29.Whydoestheauthorlistgreatphilosophersin目的和意圖

Paragraph4?[2023?全國甲卷]C

[2023?全國乙卷]33.Whatdoestheauthorindicatebymentioning目的和意圖

CaptainCookinParagraph2?[2023?全國乙卷]D

20222022?新高考I卷閱讀B24.Whatdocstheauthorwanttoshowby目的和意圖

tellingthearugulastory?

20212021?英語全國甲卷C篇30.10.Whydidtheauthorliketospendtimein目的和意圖

SouthbankwhenhereturnedtoLondon?

2021?全國高考乙卷C篇29.Whydoestheauthordiscussplasticstraws目的和意圖

inparagraph3?

2021?全國新高考ID篇33.Whydocstheauthormention“doctor”and目的和意圖

“cheater"inparagraph2?

2021?全國新高考IID篇34.WhydoesPeteBondsstillhirecowboysto目的和意圖

卷watchcattle?

2.命題規(guī)律及備考策略

1

【命題規(guī)律】近3年新高考卷對于閱讀理解中寫作目的和意圖題考查了12次。主要考查：

根據(jù)閱讀文章整體或某一段落的內(nèi)容推斷寫作目的和意圖。寫作目的和意圖的方法：1.通過分析文章內(nèi)容，斷定文

章中作者寫某些事實(shí)或例子的目的是什么；2.因?yàn)橐袛嘧髡叩膶懽髂康暮鸵鈭D，所以我們一定要站在作者的角度

看問題，把自己當(dāng)成作者，你這樣寫是為了什么。

【備考策略】系統(tǒng)歸類寫作目的和意圖的方法；熟練掌握閱讀技能。

【命題預(yù)測】

通過閱讀理解中，推斷寫作B的和意圖考查考生的基本的寫作思路，在新高考命題中仍然是考查重點(diǎn)。因此,

推斷寫作目的和意圖的推理判斷題，有可能在2024年高考中將成為高考閱讀理解的重點(diǎn)題型。

考點(diǎn)梳理

【2024年高考命題預(yù)測】

推理判斷之目的和意圖考點(diǎn)是高考中的必考點(diǎn)。一篇發(fā)表的文宣總有其作者的寫作目的和用意，他一定是為了

說明和第述一個觀點(diǎn)或說服讀者同意某個立場或觀點(diǎn)。做這類題時，我們一定要站在作者的角度上看問題，把自己

當(dāng)成作者。預(yù)測在2024高考中，F(xiàn)I的和意圖會繼續(xù)在高考閱讀理解中呈現(xiàn)。

【推理判斷之目的和意圖考點(diǎn)指南】

規(guī)律方法：

常見的設(shè)問方式：

Whatisthemainpurposeoftheauthorwritingthetext?

Thepurposeofthetextistogetmorepeopleto.

Thewriterofthestorywantstotellusthat.

Thefact...ismentionedbytheauthortoshow.

Theauthorwritersthelastparagraphinorderto.

寫作意圖推斷題要求考生根據(jù)文章的論述，揣測作者的寫作意圖及作者運(yùn)用某種寫作手法的目的。作者一般不

直接表明自己的意圖，而是通過文章所提供的事實(shí)，客觀地使讀者信服某種想法或觀點(diǎn)。這種題型要求考生不但能

理解文章的大意，同時還要具備對作者闡述問題的方法進(jìn)行分析和歸納總結(jié)的能力。

一般來說，我們可以通過分析文章的文體特點(diǎn)，理解作者的詞句選擇和識別文章的語氣來推斷出作者的寫作意

圖。

☆典例弓I領(lǐng)

1.【2023年1月?浙江卷】C

Amachinecannownotonlybeatyouatchess,itcanalsooutperformyouindebate.Lastweek,inapublicdebatein

SanFrancisco,asoftwareprogramcalledProjectDebaterbeatitshumanopponents,includingNoaOvadia,Israel'sformer

nationaldebatingchampion.

Brilliantthoughitis.ProjectDebaterhassomeweaknesses.Ittakessentencesfromitslibraryofdocumentsand

prebuiltargumentsandstringsthemtogether.Thiscanleadtothekindsoferrorsnohumanwouldmake.Suchwrinkleswill

nodoubtbeironedout,yettheyalsopointtoafundamentalproblem.AsKristianHammond,professorofelectrical

engineeringandcomputerscienceatNorthwesternUniversity,putit:"There'sneverastageatwhichthesystemknows

2

whatit'stalkingabout.”

WhatHammondisreferringtoisthequestionofmeaning,andmeaningiscentraltowhatdistinguishestheleast

intelligenlofhumansfromthemostintelligentofmachines.Acomputerworkswithsymbols.Itsprogramspecifiesasetof

rulestotransformonestringofsymbolsintoanother.Butitdocsnotspecifywhatthosesymbolsmean.Indeed,toa

computer,meaningisirrelevant.Humans,inthinking,talking,readingandwriting,alsoworkwithsymbols.Butforhumans,

meaningiseverything.Whenwecommunicate,wecommunicatemeaning.Whatmattersisnotjusttheoutsideofastringof

symbols,buttheinsidetoo,notjusthowtheyarearrangedbutwhat(heymean.

Meaningemergesthroughaprocessofsocialinteraction,notofcomputation,interactionthatshapesthecontentofthe

symbolsinourheads.Therulesthatassignmeaninglienotjustinsideourheads,butalsooutside,insocie:y,insocial

memory,socialconventionsandsocialrelations.Itisthisthatdistinguisheshumansfrommachines.Andihal'swhy,

howeverastonishingProjectDebatermayseem,thetraditionthatbeganv/ithSocratesandConfuciuswillnotendwith

artificialintelligence.

28.WhydoestheauthormentionNoaOvadiainthefirstparagraph?

A.Toexplain(heuseofasoftwareprogram.

B.ToshowtheclevernessofProjectDebater.

C.TointroducethedesignerofProjectDebater.

D.Toemphasize(hefairnessof(hecompetition

【答案】28.B

【文章大意】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，主要介紹的是在辯論中戰(zhàn)勝人類的名為ProjectDebater的軟件程序。

28.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Lastweek,inapublicdebateinSanFrancisco,asoftwareprogramcalledProjectDebater

beatitshumanopponents,includingNoaOvadia,Israel'sformernationaldebatingchampion.(上周，在I日金山的——場公開

辯論中，一個名為ProjectDebater的軟件程序擊敗了它的人類對手，其中包括以色列前全國辯論冠軍NoaOvadia。r

可知，作者在第一段提到NoaOvadia的目的是展示ProjectDebater的聰明。故選B。

2.【2023年1月?浙江卷】D

AccordingtotheSolarEnergyIndustryAssociation,thenumberofsolarpanelsinstalled(安裝)hasgrownrapidlyinthe

pastdecade,andithastogrowevenfastertomeetclimategoals.Butallofthatgrowthwilltakeupalotofspace,and

thoughmoreandmorepeopleaccepttheconceptofsolarenergy,fewlikelargesolarpanelstobeinstallednearthem.

Solardeveloperswanttoputuppanelsasquicklyandcheaplyaspossible,sotheyhaven'tgivenmuchthoughttowhat

theyputunderthem.Often,they'llendupfillingtheareawithsmallstonesandusingchemicalstocontrolweeds.The

resultisthatmanycommunities,especiallyinfarmingregions,seesolarfarmsasdestroyersofthesoil.

“Solarprojectsneedtobegoodneighbors,MsaysJordanMacknick,theheadoftheInnovativeSitePreparationand

ImpactReductionsontheEnvironment(lnSPIRE)project.4tTheyneedtobeprotectorsofthelandandcontributetothe

agriculturaleconomy."InSPIREisinvestigatingpracticalapproachesto“l(fā)ow-impact”solardevelopment,whichfocuseson

establishingandoperatingsolarfarmsinawaythatiskindertotheland.Oneoftheeasiestlow-impactsolarstrategiesis

providinghabitatforpollinators(傳粉昆蟲).

Habitatloss,pesticideuse,andclimatechangehavecauseddramaticdeclinesinpollinatorpopulationsoverthepast

coupleofdecades,whichhasdamagedtheU.S.agriculturaleconomy.Over28stateshavepassedlawsrelatedtopollinator

habitatprotectionandpesticideuse.Conservationorganizationsputoutpollinator-friendlinessguidelinesforhomegardens,

businesses,schools,cities—andnowthereareguidelinesforsolarfarms.

Overthepastfewyears,manysolarfarmdevelopershavetransformedthespaceundertheirsolarpanelsintoashelter

3

thattreatedsewage（污水）fromL600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterin

Fuzhou.acityinsoutheastChina.”可知，多年來,約翰做了許多重要的T作。他開發(fā)了一個類似溫室的設(shè)施，可以處理南

伯靈頓1600個家庭的污水。他還設(shè)計(jì)了一種生態(tài)機(jī)器來清潔中國東南部城市福州的運(yùn)河水,由此可知，作者提及福

州的FI為是展示約翰的想法的應(yīng)用。

4.［2023?新高考全國［卷］

C

Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksand

whyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit'srightfbryou.

Todoso.Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism,

startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthatarcmakingsomanypeople'sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,before

movingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.

Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldccluttcr.This

processrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthen

addbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethings

youvalue.

Inthefinalchapterofpartone,1'Hguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso,Tildrawon

anexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.You'llheartheseparticipants'

storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellfbrthem,andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.

Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserlookatsomeideasthatwillhelpyoucultivate（培養(yǎng)）asustainabledigital

minimalismlifestyle.Inthesechapters,Iexamineissuessuchastheimportanceofsolitude（獨(dú)處）andthenecessityof

cultivatinghigh-qualityleisuretoreplacethetimemostnowspendonmindlessdeviceuse.Eachchapterconcludeswitha

collectionofpractices,whicharcdesignedtohelpyouactonthebigideasofthechapter.Youcanviewthesepracticesasa

toolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatworksfbryourparticularcircumstances.

（）28.Whatisthebookaimedat?

A.Teachingcriticalthinkingskills.

B.Advocatingasimpledigitallifestyle.

C.Solvingphilosophicalproblems.

□.Promotingtheuseofadigitaldevice.

【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一本有關(guān)數(shù)字極簡主義的書的具體內(nèi)容。

28.B布理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段"Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefbrdigitalininimalism,includingadetailed

explorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit'srightfbr

you”可知，這本書的目標(biāo)是為數(shù)字極簡主義辯護(hù)，包拈詳細(xì)探索它的要求和為什么有效，然后如果你認(rèn)為它適合你，教

你如何采用這種哲學(xué)，即這本書旨在倡導(dǎo)一種數(shù)字極簡生活方式。

542023?新高考全國II卷］

C

ReadingArt:AnforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject-thebook,representedhereinalmostthree

hundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.Theimageofthereaderappearsthroughouthistory,inartmadelong

beforebooksaswcnowknowthemcameintobeing.Inartists'representationsofbooksandreading,weseemomentsof

sharedhumanitythatgobeyondcultureandtime.

Inthis“bookofbooks”,artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetween

5

differenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadalhomeoratschool,withthebookasafocusfor

relationsbetweenthegenerations.Adultsareportrayed（描繪）aloneinmanysettingsandposes—absorbedinavolume,

deepinthoughtorlostinamomentofleisure.Thesescenesmayhavebsenpaintedhundredsofyearsago,buttheyrecord

momentswecanallrelateto.

Booksthemselvesmaybeusedsymbolicallyinpaintingstodemonstratetheintellect（才智），wealthorfaithofthe

subject.Beforethewideuseoftheprintingpress,booksweretreasuredobjectsandcouldbeworksofartintheirownright.

Morerecently,asbookshavebecomeinexpensiveoreventhrowaway,artistshaveusedthemastherawmaterialfor

artworks—transformingcovers,pagesorevencompletevolumesintopaintingsandsculptures.

Continueddevelopmentsincommunicationtechnologieswereoncebelievedtomaketheprintedpageoutdated.From

a21st-centurypointofview,theprintedbookiscertainlyancient,butitremainsasinteractiveasanybattery-powered

e-reader.Toserveitsfunction,abookmustbeactivatedbyauser:thecoveropened,thepagesparted,thecontentsreviewed,

perhapsnoteswrittendownorwordsunderlined.Andincontrasttoourincreasinglynetworkedliveswheretheinformation

weconsumeismonitoredandtracked,aprintedbookstilloffersthechanceofawhollyprivate,“ofMine“activity.

（）31.Whatdoestheauthorwanttosaybymentioningthee-reader?

A.Theprimedbookisnottotallyoutofdate.

B.Technologyhaschangedthewayweread.

C.Ourlivesinthe21stcenturyarenetworked.

D.Peoplenowrarelyhavethepatiencetoread.

【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了一本關(guān)于書本的書，該書通過來自世界各地博物館的藝術(shù)作品展現(xiàn)了讀書場

景在歷史中的呈現(xiàn)和超越文化和時間的人性共同點(diǎn)。

31.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Continueddevelopmentsincominunicationtechnologieswereoncebelievedto

makeIkeprintedpageoutdated.Froma21sl-centurypointofview,theprintedbookiscertainlyancient,butitremainsas

interactiveasanybattery-powerede-reader."（過去曾經(jīng)認(rèn)為持續(xù)發(fā)展的通訊技術(shù)將使印刷頁面過時。從21世紀(jì)的角度

來看，印刷書籍確實(shí)是古老的，但它仍然像任何電池供電的電子閱讀器一樣具有互動性。）可推知，作者提到電子閱讀器

是為了說明印刷的書并沒有完全過時。故選A項(xiàng)。

6.[2023?全國甲卷]

C

Iwasabout13whenanunclegavemeacopyofJosteinGaardersSophiesWorld.Ilwasfullofideasthatwerenew

tome,soIspentthesummerwithmyheadinandoutofthatbook.Itspoketomeandbroughtmeintoaworldof

philosophy（哲學(xué)）.

ThatloveforphilosophylasteduntilIgottocollege.Nothingkillstheloveforphilosophyfasterthanpeoplewhothink

theyunderstandFoucault,Baudrillard.orConfuciusbelterthanyou—and（hentrytoexplainthem.

EricWcincrLsTheSocratesExpress:InSearchofLifeLessonsfromDeadPhilosophersreawakenedmylovefor

philosophy.Itisnotanexplanation,butaninvitationtothinkandexperiencephilosophy.

Weinerstartseachchapterwithasceneonatrainridebetweencitiesandthenframeseachphilosophersworkinthe

context（背景）ofonethingtheycanhelpusdobetter.TheendresultisareadinwhichwelearntowonderlikeSocrates,see

likeThoreau,listenlikeSchopenhauer,andhavenoregretslikeNietzsche.This,morethanabookaboutunderstanding

philosophy,isabookaboutlearningtousephilosophytoimprovealife.

Hemakesphilosophicalthoughtanappealingexercisethatimprovesthequalityofourexperiences,andhedoesso

withplentyofhumour.Weinerentersintoconversationwithsomeofthemostimportantphilosophersinhistory,andhe

6

becomespartofthatcrowdintheprocessbydecoding（解讀）theirmessagesandaddinghisowninterpretation.

TheSocratesExpressisafun,sharpbookthatdrawsreadersinwithitsapparentsimplicityandgraduallypullsthemin

deeperthoughtsondesire,loneliness,andaging.Theinvitationisclear:Weinerwantsyoutopickupacoffeeorteaandsit

downwiththisbook.Iencourageyoutotakehisoffer.Itsworthyourtime,eveniftimeissomethingwedonUthavealot

of.

（）29.WhydoestheauthorlistgreatphilosophersinParagraph4?

A.TocompareWeinerwiththem.

B.Togiveexamplesofgreatworks.

C.Topraisetheirwritingskills.

D.TohelpreadersunderstandWeiner：sbook.

【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。作者向讀者介紹了EricWeiner的哲學(xué)書TheSocratesExpress。

29.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Weinerstartseachchapterwithasceneonatrainridebetweencitiesandthen

frameseachphilosopherQsworkinthecontexl（背景）ofonethingtheycanhelpusdobetter.Theendresultisareadin

whichv/elearn（owonderlikeSocrates,seelikeThoreau,listenlikeSchopenhauer,andhavenoregretslikeNietzsche.This,

morethanabookaboutunderstandingphilosophy,isabookaboutlearningtousephilosophytoimproveali電”可知，韋納

書中的花一章都以城市之間的火車旅行場景開始，然后他介紹每個哲學(xué)家的作品和一件他們可以幫助我們做得更好

的事情，最終的結(jié)果是，我們學(xué)會了像蘇格拉底?樣思考,像梭羅?樣看待事情，像叔本華一樣傾聽，像尼采那樣沒有遺

憾。這不僅僅是一本關(guān)于理解哲學(xué)的書，更是一本關(guān)于學(xué)習(xí)使用哲學(xué)來改善生活的書。由此可推知，作者列出偉大的

哲學(xué)家是為了幫助讀者理解Weiner的書。故選D。

7.[2023全國乙卷]

D

Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdo

itthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,has

not.WritingisoneofhumanityIslaterachicvcmcnts.anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate（有文字的）societies

recordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.

Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareabletodojustthat,butin

manycaseswesimplycanLt.Theclearestexampleofthisbetweenliterateandnon-literatehistoryisperhapsthefirst

conflict,atBotanyBay,betweenCaptainCooksvoyageandtheAustralianAboriginals.FromtheEnglishside,wehave

scientificreportsandthecaptainIsrecordofthatterribleday.FromtheAustralianside,wchaveonlyawoodenshield（盾）

droppedbyamaninflightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.Ifwewanttoreconstructwhatwasactuallygoingonthat

day,theshieldmustbequestionedandinlerpreledasdeeplyandstrictlyasthewrittenreports.

Inadditiontotheproblemofmiscomprehensionfrombothsides,therearevictoriesaccidentallyordeliberatelytwisted,

especiallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite.ThosewhoareonthelosingsideoftenhaveonlyIheirthingstotell

theirstories.TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhom

appearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistory

toldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact（聯(lián)系）betweenliterateandnon-li（eratesocieties

suchasthese,allourfirst-handaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalf

ofthatconversation,wchavetoreadnotjustthetcxts,buttheobjects.

（）33.Whaidoes（heauthorindicatebymentioningCaptainCookinParagraph2?

A.Hisreportwasscientific.

7

B.Herepresentedthelocalpeople.

C.HeruledoverBotanyBay.

D.Hisrecordwasone-sided.

【文章大意】本文出自一本書的節(jié)選，探討了歷史記錄中文本與物品之間的關(guān)系,指出僅憑文本無法全面記錄歷史，

文章提到了物品記錄歷史的重要性，它在提供雙方信息平衡方面具有重要意義。

33.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中"FromtheEnglishside,wchavescientificreportsandthecaptainsrecordofthat

terribleday.FromtheAustralianside,wehaveonlyawoodenshield（盾）droppedbyamaninflightafterhisfirstexperience

ofgunshot.”可知，從英國方面，我們有科學(xué)報(bào)告和船長對那個可怕的日子的記錄。從澳洲方面，我們只有一個被一個人

在初次經(jīng)歷了槍擊后逃跑時扔下的木盾。由此可推知，作者在第二段提及庫克船長是為了說明他的記錄只是單方面的。

故選D項(xiàng)。

8.B【2022?新高考I卷】

Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.Thearugula（芝麻菜）wastomakeanicegreensalad,

roundingoutaroastchickendinner.ButIendedupworkinglate.Thenfriendscalledwithadinnerinvitation.Istuckthe

chickeninthefreezer.Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;I

couldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.

Inaworldwherenearly800millionpeopleayeargohungry,44foodwastegoesagainstthemoralgrainJasElizabeth

Roytewritesinthismonth'scoverstory.It'sjaw-droppinghowmuchperfectlygoodfoodisthrownaway—fiom“ugly”

（butquiteeatable）vegetablesrejectedbygrocerstolargeamountsofuneatendishesthrownintorestaurantgarbagecans.

Producingfoodthatnooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,andotherresourcesusedtogrowit.Thatmakesfoodwastean

environmentalproblem.Infact,Roytewrites,“iffoodwastewereacountry,itwouldbethethirdlargestproducerof

greenhousegasesintheworld.”

Ifthat'shardtounderstand,let'skeepitassimpleasthearugulaatthebackofmyrefrigerator.MikeCurtinseesmy

arugulastoryallthetime—butforhim,it'smorelike12bonesofdonatedstrawberriesnearingtheirlastdays.Curtinis

CEOofDCCentralKitcheninWashington,D.C.,whichrecoversfo（xland（urnsitintohealthymeals.Lastyearit

recoveredmorethan807,500poundsoffoodbytakingdonationsandcollectingblemished（有瑕疵的）producethat

otherwisewouldhaverottedinfields.Andthestrawberries?Volunteerswillwash,cut,andfreezeordrythemfbrusein

mealsdowntheroad.

Suchmethodsseemobvious,yetsooftenwejustdon'tihink."Everyonecanplayapartinreducingwaste,whetherby

notpurchasingmorefoodthannecessaryinyourweeklyshoppingorbyaskingrestaurantstonotincludethesidedishyou

won'teat,“Curtinsays.

4.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingthearugulastory?

A.Wepaylittleattentiontofoodwaste.B.Wewastefoodunintentionallyattimes.

C.Wcv/astcmorevegetablesthanmeat.D.Wchavegoodreasonsforwastingfood.

【答案】4.B

【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪械氖澄锢速M(fèi)現(xiàn)象以及華盛頓DC中央廚房的首席執(zhí)行官科

廷為解決食物浪費(fèi)而采取的努力。

4.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowasle.（像我們大多數(shù)人

一樣，我努力關(guān)注那些被浪費(fèi)的食物廠及"Butasdayspassed,theanigulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkingly

boughtwaytoomuch;couldhavemadesixsaladswithwhat1threwout.（但隨著時間的推移，芝麻菜變壞了。更糟糕的

是，我不假思索地買了太多東西；我扔掉的東西可以做六份沙拉廠可推知，作者想通過講述芝麻菜的故事來表明我

8

們有時會無意間浪費(fèi)食物。故選B。

9.C【2020?全國新高考I山東卷】

Inthemid-1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.Heleftaftersevenmonths,physically

brokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticle

aboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.

Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook.ChasingtheSea:LostAmongtheGhosts

ofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsofliveshavebeen

destroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland,andofthepeoplehe

meetsonhisway:Rustam,histranslator,alovely24-year-oldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglishinCalifornia,Olegand

Natasha,hishostsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.

ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.In

Samarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethods

whensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral(葬禮)followedbyastrangedrinkingparty.And

inKarakalpakstan,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmilesfromthesea.

MrBissellskillfullyorganizeshistoricalinsightsandculturalreferences,makinghistaleawell-roundedpictureof

Uzbekistan,seenfromWesterneyes.HisjudgmentandreferencesaredecidedlyAmerican,aswellashisdelicatestomach.

Astheauthorexplains,thisisneitheratravelnorahistorybook,orevenapieceofreportage.Whateveritis,theresultisa

fineandvividdescriptionofthepurestofCentralAsiantraditions.

11.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?

A.Tointroduceabook.B.Toexplainaculturalphenomenon.

C.Torememberawriter.D.lbrecommendatraveldestination.

【答案】11.A

【解析】本文是記敘文。文章講述了Bissell寫的《追逐大海:迷失在中亞帝國的幽靈》這本書。這本書是Bissell在

烏茲別克斯坦做志愿者后寫的，是對烏茲別克斯坦人生活的一個快速觀察。

II.推理判斷題。文章第一段提到書的作者的烏茲別克斯坦之行，引出他寫的書，接下來三段講述了他的書《追逐

大海:迷失在中亞帝國的幽靈》的故事內(nèi)容，是烏茲別克斯坦生活的一個快速觀察。因此推斷本文的寫作H的是介紹

一本書°故選A。

即時檢測

1.12023屆福建省福州市普通高中畢業(yè)班5月質(zhì)量檢測】

Duringthesummerof2021,BeverlyWaxhadanexperiencethatfilledherwithawe.Itwasthesightofherson,Justin,

dragginga36-kilogramportableairconditionerupstairs.Beverly'scentralairconditioninghadstoppedworkinginthe

middleofa32℃heatwave.Shehadmentionedtohersonandhe'dshownupasasurprise.Asshewatchedhimsweatand

strugglewhilefixingit,shefeltawaveofgratitudeandappreciation.

Aweisthatfeelingwegetwhensomethingissovastthatitstopsusinourtracks.Often,itchallengesorexpandsour

thinking.Researchshowsthataweexperiencesdecreasestressandincreaseoverallsatisfaction.Itcanalsohelpour

relationships,makingusfeelmoresympatheticandlessgreedy,moresupportedbyandmorelikelytohelpothers.

Mostofusassociateawewithsomethingrareandbeautiful:nature,musicoraspirilualexperience.Butpeoplecan

bringaboutawe,andnotjustpublicheroes.Often,thisinterpersonalaweisaresponsetolife'sbig,sweepingchanges.We

canbeawedbyournearestanddearest—(hepeoplesittingnexttousonthesofa,orchattingon(hephone.Butithappens

9

insmallermoments,loo.JohnBargh,apsychologist,saidhewastrulyawestruckbyhisthen-five-year-olddaughie匚When

sheheardanotherchildcrying,shegrabbedhertoy,walkedovertotheboyandhandedittohim.

Unfortunately,wecan'tmakesomeoneelsebehaveinawaythafsawesome.Butwecanprepareourselvestonoticeit

whentheydo—andtakestepstoboosttheemotion'spositiveeffects.

4.WhydoesthewritertellBeverly'sstory?

A.Toshowsympathyforher.B.Tociteanexampleofawe.

C.Toexpressappreciationtoherson.D.Tostartadiscussionaboutawe.

5.Whatisthebenefitofawe?

A.Itstopsouranxiety.B.simplifiesourthinking.

C.Itsatisfiesregularneeds.D.Itpromotespositiveemotions.

6.Inwhichsituationcanwefeelawedbetweenthenearest?

A.Admiringsceneryinanationalpark.

B.Enjoyingclassicmusicinaconcerthall.

C.Receivingacallfromalong-lostfriend.

D.Gettingthesignatureofafamousathlete.

7.Whatcanbeimpliedfromthelastparagraph?

A.Ariseinlimeoftrouble.

B.Behaveinanawesomeway.

C.Senseamazementindailylife.

D.Increasechanceoffindingawe.

【答案】4.B5.D6.C7