福建省龍巖市一級(jí)校聯(lián)盟2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期1月期末考試英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1福建省龍巖市一級(jí)校聯(lián)盟2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期1月期末英語(yǔ)試題第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)。每段對(duì)話(huà)后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。1.Whatistheoriginalpriceofthebag?A.$145.B.$170.C.$200.2.Wherewillthemanprobablygofirst?A.Toahospital.B.Toapostoffice.C.Toasupermarket.3.Whattransportationdoesthemansuggestthewomantake?A.Thebus.B.Thetaxi.C.Thesubway.4.Whatistheman’sattitudetowardsthenewpolicies?A.Disapproving.B.Anxious.C.Supportive.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Anaturaldisaster.B.Newstandards.C.Abuilding.第二節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話(huà)，回答第6和第7兩個(gè)小題。6.WhatisLyon’skeydemandforanapartment?A.Therent.B.Thelocation.C.Theequipment.7.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.Lookforanewjob.B.Ridetoworkeveryday.C.FindinformationontheInternet.聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話(huà)，回答第8和第9兩個(gè)小題。8.WhatwillthemandonextFriday?A.Goonabusinesstrip.B.Attendawedding.C.Createaschedule.9.WhatisDylanremindedtodointheend?A.Prepareforthefamilyevent.B.Upgradethecomputersystem.C.Submitaformalrequest.聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話(huà)，回答第10至第12三個(gè)小題。10.Whatisthewoman?A.Acook.B.Aninterviewer.C.Amusiclover.11.Howdoesthemanrecommendhisheadphones?A.Bygivinganexample.B.Bylistingnumbers.C.Bymakingacomparison.12.Whatwillthewomandotonight?A.Gotoaconcert.B.Takethetrain.C.Buyacooker.聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話(huà)，回答第13至第16四個(gè)小題。13.Whydoesthewomanplantoquit?A.Thepayisdissatisfactory.B.Themanagerishardtogetalongwith.C.Theworkloadistooheavy.14.Inwhichdepartmentdoesthewomanprobablyworknow?A.Accountingdepartment.B.Secretarydepartment.C.Legaldepartment.15.Whatwillthewomandofirstaftershequits?A.Studyabroad.B.Goonatrip.C.Restathomeforamonth.16.Whatistheman’sattitudetowardsthewoman’sdecision?A.Understanding.B.Disappointed.C.Unconcerned.聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話(huà)，回答第17至第20四個(gè)小題。17.HowistheweatheronMonday?A.Rainy.B.Sunny.C.Cloudy.18.WhatarethelistenersadvisedtodoonThursday?A.Carryraincoatswiththem.B.Enjoyabeautifulsky.C.Takeanumbrellaatnight.19.Whichdayissuitableforoutdooractivities?A.Tuesday.B.Friday.C.Saturday.20.WhatisprobablyLisa?A.Ahostess.B.Aweatherwoman.C.Anadventurer.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AThispageprovidesinformationandguidanceabouthands-onlyCPRandCPRwithrescuebreathsforchildrenoveroneyearold.Hands-onlyCPRTocarryoutachestcompression(壓縮):Placetheheelofyourhandonthebreastboneatthecentreoftheperson’schest.Placeyourotherhandontopofyourfirsthandandinterlockyourfingers.Positionyourselfwithyourshouldersaboveyourhands.Usingyourbodyweight(notjustyourarms),pressstraightdownby5-6cm(2-2.5inches)ontheirchest.Keepingyourhandsontheirchest,releasethecompressionandallowthechesttoreturntoitsoriginalposition.Repeatthesecompressionsatarateof100to120timesperminuteuntilanambulancearrivesoryoubecomeexhausted.CPRwithrescuebreathsForchildrenoveroneyearold:Openthechild’sairwaybyplacingonehandonthechild’sforeheadandgentlytiltingtheirheadbackandliftingthechin.Removeanyvisibleobstructionsfromthemouthandnose.Pinchtheirnose.Sealyourmouthovertheirmouthandblowsteadilyandfirmlyintotheirmouth,checkingthattheirchestrises.Givefiveinitialrescuebreaths.Placetheheelofonehandonthecenteroftheirchestandpushdownby5cm(abouttwoinches),whichisapproximatelyone-thirdofthechestdiameter.Thequality(depth)ofchestcompressionsisveryimportant.Usetwohandsifyoucan’tachieveadepthof5cmusingonehand.Afterevery30chestcompressionsatarateof100to120perminute,givetwobreaths.Continuewithcyclesof30chestcompressionsandtworescuebreathsuntiltheybegintorecoveroremergencyhelparrives.1.What’sthefirststepofCPRwithrescuebreathsforchildren?A.Toblowintotheirmouth. B.Todo30chestcompressions.C.Toclearsomethingblockingtheairway. D.Topushhandsdownonthechestby5cm.2.WhatcriticalstepdothetwoCPRshaveincommon?A.Toapplychestcompressionsproperly.B.Tocallanambulancefortreatment.C.Toputoneselfinaparticularposition.D.Toblowsteadilyandfirmlyintothemouth.3.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Abusinessreport. B.Afashionmagazine.C.Anemergencybrochure. D.Atraveljournal.【答案】1.C2.A3.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章提供了一歲以上兒童的人工心肺復(fù)蘇和人工呼吸的信息和指導(dǎo)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)CPRwithrescuebreaths標(biāo)題下第二段“Removeanyvisibleobstructionsfromthemouthandnose.”（清除嘴和鼻子上任何可見(jiàn)的障礙物。）可知，兒童人工呼吸CPR的第一步是清除阻塞呼吸道的東西。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Hands-onlyCPR標(biāo)題下第二段“ Placetheheelofyourhandonthebreastboneatthecentreoftheperson’schest.”（將你的手掌根放在對(duì)方胸部中央的胸骨上。）第五段“Usingyourbodyweight(notjustyourarms),pressstraightdownby5-6cm(2-2.5inches)ontheirchest.及CPRwithrescuebreaths”（利用你的身體重量(不僅僅是你的手臂)，在他們的胸部向下按壓5-6厘米(2-2.5英寸)。）及標(biāo)題下第三段“Placetheheelofonehandonthecenteroftheirchestandpushdownby5cm(abouttwoinches),whichisapproximatelyone-thirdofthechestdiameter.”（將一只手的手掌根放在他們的胸部中央，向下推5厘米(約2英寸)，這大約是胸徑的三分之一。胸外按壓的質(zhì)量(深度)非常重要。）可知，這兩個(gè)CPR的共同之處是需要正確進(jìn)行胸部按壓。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Thispageprovidesinformationandguidanceabouthands-onlyCPRandCPRwithrescuebreathsforchildrenoveroneyearold.”（本頁(yè)提供了一歲以上兒童的人工心肺復(fù)蘇和人工呼吸的信息和指導(dǎo)。）可知，本文出自一本應(yīng)急手冊(cè)。故選C項(xiàng)。BI’m62nowandalwaysplannedtovolunteerwitholderpeoplewhenIretired.TherewassuchabiggapinthecareandsupportthisgenerationreceivesandIfoundthethoughtheartbreaking—nooneshouldhavetofeellonelyandstuckathome.Istartedvolunteeringthreeyearsago.Myteamofvolunteershavesetupsevengroupsinourtown.Wehostteapartiesforthoseaged75andolderwholiveontheirownandregularlyprovidesupport,friendshipandcompanionshipforthemostisolated(孤獨(dú)的)olderpeopleinthecommunity.Workingwithmyolderneighborsisrewarding.Toheartheirstoriesandthehardshipstheyhaveovercomeisinspiring.IfeellikeI’mmakingapositivedifferencetothelivesofolderpeoplebysharingmytimewiththem,helpingthemstayactiveandsocialandmakingcleartothemthattheyarevaluedbyourcommunity.Asanareacoordinator(協(xié)調(diào)人),Ialsohelprecruit(招募)andmanagevolunteers,withoutwhomtheworkwouldbeimpossible.Somanygoaboveandbeyondwhat’sasked,offeringtime,energyandkindness,justbecausetheycare.I’vefoundenthusiasmfrompeoplemakingthelivesofourolderneighborsbetter,andtheyareaconstantsourceofinspirationforme.I’vemetamazingpeoplefromallwalksoflife.It’sthebestthingI’veeverdonethatenrichedmylife.Iwillkeepfocusingonreducinglonelinessandisolationamongtheelderlyandhelpingthemenjoytheoldagetheydeserve.4.Whatinspiredtheauthortobeginvolunteering?A.Lonelinessandisolation. B.Loveforvolunteeringwork.C.Lackofsocialsupportfortheold. D.Olderneighbors’companionship.5.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofhervolunteeringwork?A.Itismeaningful. B.Itgivesherconfidence.C.Itischallenging. D.Itreducesherloneliness.6.Howcanwedescribetheauthor?A.Considerateandspecialized. B.Inspiringandthoughtful.C.Supportiveandinnovative. D.Caringandaccommodating.7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inParagraph4referto?A.Managers. B.Volunteers.C.Coordinators. D.Seniorneighbors.【答案】4.C5.A6.D7.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。作者主要介紹了自己三年前開(kāi)始從事志愿者工作，幫助孤獨(dú)老人，幫助他們保持活躍和社交，作者還招募和管理志愿者，認(rèn)為志愿者工作很有意義?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“I’m62nowandalwaysplannedtovolunteerwitholderpeoplewhenIretired.TherewassuchabiggapinthecareandsupportthisgenerationreceivesandIfoundthethoughtheartbreaking—nooneshouldhavetofeellonelyandstuckathome.(我現(xiàn)在62歲了，一直計(jì)劃退休后為老年人做志愿者。這一代人得到的關(guān)懷和支持有如此大的差距，我覺(jué)得這種想法令人心碎——沒(méi)有人應(yīng)該感到孤獨(dú)，被困在家里)”可知，老年人缺乏社會(huì)支持促使作者退休后開(kāi)始為老年人做志愿者。故選C?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“IfeellikeI’mmakingapositivedifferencetothelivesofolderpeoplebysharingmytimewiththem,helpingthemstayactiveandsocialandmakingcleartothemthattheyarevaluedbyourcommunity.(我覺(jué)得我與老年人分享我的時(shí)間，幫助他們保持活躍和社交，并向他們表明他們被我們的社區(qū)所重視，這對(duì)他們的生活產(chǎn)生了積極的影響)”以及最后一段中“I’vemetamazingpeoplefromallwalksoflife.It’sthebestthingI’veeverdonethatenrichedmylife.(我遇到了各行各業(yè)的了不起的人。這是我做過(guò)的最好的事情，豐富了我的生活)”可推知，作者認(rèn)為自己的志愿者工作是有意義的，不僅豐富了作者自己的生活，而且?guī)椭鷾p少老年人的孤獨(dú)和孤立，對(duì)他們的生活產(chǎn)生了積極的影響。故選A?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“I’m62nowandalwaysplannedtovolunteerwitholderpeoplewhenIretired.TherewassuchabiggapinthecareandsupportthisgenerationreceivesandIfoundthethoughtheartbreaking—nooneshouldhavetofeellonelyandstuckathome.(我現(xiàn)在62歲了，一直計(jì)劃退休后為老年人做志愿者。這一代人得到的關(guān)懷和支持有如此大的差距，我覺(jué)得這種想法令人心碎——沒(méi)有人應(yīng)該感到孤獨(dú)，被困在家里)”、第二段“Istartedvolunteeringthreeyearsago.Myteamofvolunteershavesetupsevengroupsinourtown.Wehostteapartiesforthoseaged75andolderwholiveontheirownandregularlyprovidesupport,friendshipandcompanionshipforthemostisolated(孤獨(dú)的)olderpeopleinthecommunity.(我三年前開(kāi)始做志愿者。我的志愿者團(tuán)隊(duì)在我們鎮(zhèn)上成立了七個(gè)小組。我們?yōu)?5歲及以上的獨(dú)居老人舉辦茶會(huì)，并定期為社區(qū)中最孤獨(dú)的老年人提供支持、友誼和陪伴)”以及最后一段中的“Iwillkeepfocusingonreducinglonelinessandisolationamongtheelderlyandhelpingthemenjoytheoldagetheydeserve.(我將繼續(xù)致力于減少老年人的孤獨(dú)和孤立，幫助他們享受他們應(yīng)得的老年生活)”可知，作者關(guān)心老年人，參加志愿者團(tuán)隊(duì)，為孤獨(dú)的老年人提供支持、友誼和陪伴，減少老年人的孤獨(dú)和孤立，幫助他們享受他們應(yīng)得的老年生活。由此可知，作者是一個(gè)關(guān)心他人，且樂(lè)于助人的人。故選D?！?題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段劃線(xiàn)詞所在句“I’vefoundenthusiasmfrompeoplemakingthelivesofourolderneighborsbetter,andtheyareaconstantsourceofinspirationforme.(我從那些讓老鄰居的生活變得更好的人身上發(fā)現(xiàn)了熱情，他們是我不斷的靈感來(lái)源)”可知，代詞they指代句中的“peoplemakingthelivesofourolderneighborsbetter(讓老鄰居的生活變得更好的人)”，即上文“Ialsohelprecruit(招募)andmanagevolunteers,withoutwhomtheworkwouldbeimpossible.Somanygoaboveandbeyondwhat’sasked,offeringtime,energyandkindness,justbecausetheycare.(我還幫助招募和管理志愿者，沒(méi)有他們，這項(xiàng)工作是不可能的。很多人會(huì)超越要求，提供時(shí)間、精力和善意，只是因?yàn)樗麄冴P(guān)心)”中所提到的volunteers“志愿者”。故選B。CWhenShakespearecalledagoodnight’srestthe“cureofhurtminds,”hewasreallyontosomething.Accordingtoarecentsurvey,“Mostdaysoreveryday”in2020,nearly15percentofAmericanadultshadtroublefallingasleepinthepreviousmonth.Soyou’realittlesleepy—nobigdeal,right?Wrong.A1999articleinthemedicaljournalTheLancetshowedanddecadesofresearchsuggestthat“sleepdebt”canhavesignificantharmfuleffectsonyourhealth.Happinessisthefirsttosuffer.Everyoneknowswhatitfeelsliketorunoninsufficient(不足的)sleep—youcanbefoggy,inattentive,andbad-tempered.ApaperpublishedinthejournalHealthPsychologyin2020foundthattheparticipantswithoutenoughsleepexperiencedalesspositivemoodwhentheycameacrossquiteordinarystress,andsmallerincreasesinpositivemoodfrompleasantevents.Whenlackingsleep,peoplefeltannoyedmoreandeasier,andthingsfeellessfun.Moreseriously,sleeplosscancauseclinicaldepressionandanxiety.In2014,Australianscholarsstudyingyoungwomenfoundthatayearoffrequentsleepdifficultiespredictedtheonsetofdepressionandanxietyinlateryears.Someresearchershaveidentifiedlong-timesleepdebtasadisease—insufficientsleepsyndrome(ISS).Giventhereportedevidenceforhowwidespreadthesyndromeis,itmightevenbeclassedasanepidemic.Althoughnostudyhasyetestablishedaconnection,itseemsreasonabletothinkaboutwhetherthelong-termdeclinesinAmericanhappinessandincreasesinsocialconflictsmaybeconnectedtolossofsleep.Whetheryouareasleep-deprivedstudent,orworkaholic,orjustanold-fashionedinsomniac(失眠癥患者),attendingtosleepisacriticalstrategyforhealthandhappiness.Andadjustingthisaspectofyourlifecouldbeoneofthebestthingsyoudoallyear.8.WhydoestheauthormentionShakespeare?A.ToshowShakespeare’swisdom.B.Tointroducethetopicofsleeploss.C.Tohighlightaserioushealthproblem.D.Togivereportedevidenceofsleepdebt.9.WhatdoesthepaperinHealthPsychologytellusaboutinsufficientsleep?A.Itmadepeoplefeelnegative. B.Itledtopooreyesight.C.Itcauseddepressionandanxiety. D.Itwasnotworthmuchconcern.10.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph4?A.Reductionofhappinessislinkedtosleeploss.B.Long-termlackofsleepisnotadisease.C.Sleepdebtmightaffectbothindividualsandthesociety.D.Insufficientsleepsyndromeisarecognizedepidemic.11.What’stheauthor’spurposeofwritingthetext?A.Toconfirmsleeplossisadisease.B.Toadvocategettingsufficientsleep.C.Totacklewidespreadsleepproblem.D.Toprovehappinesssuffersfromsleepdebt.【答案】8.B9.A10.C11.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了睡眠不足對(duì)人的健康產(chǎn)生重大的有害影響，并提倡充足的睡眠?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“WhenShakespearecalledagoodnight’srestthe‘cureofhurtminds,’hewasreallyontosomething.Accordingtoarecentsurvey,‘Mostdaysoreveryday’in2020,nearly15percentofAmericanadultshadtroublefallingasleepinthepreviousmonth.Soyou’realittlesleepy—nobigdeal,right?Wrong.A1999articleinthemedicaljournalTheLancetshowedanddecadesofresearchsuggestthat‘sleepdebt’canhavesignificantharmfuleffectsonyourhealth.(當(dāng)莎士比亞把睡個(gè)好覺(jué)稱(chēng)為‘治愈心靈創(chuàng)傷’時(shí)，他確實(shí)說(shuō)對(duì)了。根據(jù)最近的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查，在2020年的‘大多數(shù)日子或每天’，近15%的美國(guó)成年人在前一個(gè)月有入睡困難。你有點(diǎn)困，沒(méi)什么大不了的，對(duì)吧？錯(cuò)了。1999年醫(yī)學(xué)期刊《柳葉刀》上的一篇文章顯示，幾十年的研究表明，‘睡眠債’會(huì)對(duì)你的健康產(chǎn)生重大的有害影響)”可推知，作者提到莎士比亞所說(shuō)的話(huà)是為了引出睡眠不足的話(huà)題。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“ApaperpublishedinthejournalHealthPsychologyin2020foundthattheparticipantswithoutenoughsleepexperiencedalesspositivemoodwhentheycameacrossquiteordinarystress,andsmallerincreasesinpositivemoodfrompleasantevents.Whenlackingsleep,peoplefeltannoyedmoreandeasier,andthingsfeellessfun.(2020年發(fā)表在《健康心理學(xué)》期刊上的一篇論文發(fā)現(xiàn)，睡眠不足的參與者在遇到相當(dāng)普通的壓力時(shí)，積極情緒的增加幅度較小，而在愉快的事件中，積極情緒的增加幅度也較小。當(dāng)睡眠不足時(shí)，人們更容易感到煩惱，事情也不那么有趣)”可知，《健康心理學(xué)》上的論文告訴我們，睡眠不足讓人們感到消極。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Someresearchershaveidentifiedlong-timesleepdebtasadisease—insufficientsleepsyndrome(ISS).Giventhereportedevidenceforhowwidespreadthesyndromeis,itmightevenbeclassedasanepidemic.Althoughnostudyhasyetestablishedaconnection,itseemsreasonabletothinkaboutwhetherthelong-termdeclinesinAmericanhappinessandincreasesinsocialconflictsmaybeconnectedtolossofsleep.(一些研究人員認(rèn)為，長(zhǎng)期睡眠不足是一種疾病——睡眠不足綜合癥?？紤]到報(bào)道的證據(jù)表明這種綜合癥是多么普遍，它甚至可能被歸類(lèi)為一種流行病。雖然還沒(méi)有研究確定兩者之間的聯(lián)系，但我們有理由去思考，美國(guó)人幸福感的長(zhǎng)期下降和社會(huì)沖突的增加是否與睡眠不足有關(guān))”可推知，我們可以從第4段中了解到，睡眠不足可能影響個(gè)人和社會(huì)。故選C項(xiàng)。【11題詳析】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是最后一段“Whetheryouareasleep-deprivedstudent,orworkaholic,orjustanold-fashionedinsomniac(失眠癥患者),attendingtosleepisacriticalstrategyforhealthandhappiness.Andadjustingthisaspectofyourlifecouldbeoneofthebestthingsyoudoallyear.(無(wú)論你是一個(gè)睡眠不足的學(xué)生，還是工作狂，或者只是一個(gè)老派的失眠癥患者，注意睡眠都是健康和幸福的關(guān)鍵策略。調(diào)整你生活的這一方面可能是你一年中做的最好的事情之一)”可推知，作者寫(xiě)這篇文章的目的是提倡充足的睡眠。故選B項(xiàng)。DWhatgoesoninourbrainswhenwedecidetohitthesharebutton,andwhatmakessomethinggoviral?SincethedawnoftheInternet,businesses,mediaoutletsandinfluencersalikehavebeentryingtoanswerthesequestions.Now,researchershavecomeonestepclosertocrackingthismysteriousmodelbyshiningalightontheneuroscience(神經(jīng)科學(xué))ofviralcontent.“Ourstudyfindsawaytoobtainbrainsignalsthatwouldpredicthowmuchinformationgetsshared.”saidEmilyFalk,professorofcommunication,psychologyandmarketingandHang-YeeChan,alecturerofcommunication.Theirnewstudy,publishedinProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesonOctober23,investigatedboththeU.S.andtheNetherlandsusingabroaderrangeofnewscategories—includinghealthandclimatechange.“Whenweseegreateractivationofregionsthattrackself-relevance(Isitimportanttome)andsocial-relevance(IsitimportanttopeopleIknow),thenewsarticlesaremorelikelytobesharedwidely,”FalkandChansaid.Bystudyingthesebrainresponses,theteammanagedtobuildavalue-basedmodeltoaccuratelypredicthowwidelythearticleswouldbesharedonline.ThislinkbetweenbrainactivityandsharingwasseeninboththeAmericanandDutchparticipants,suggestingthatthismodelisaccurateacrosscultures.“Seeinghowpeople’sbrainsreactinsidethescannergivesusinsightintowhypeopleultimatelyshareinformationnowadays,”Chansaid.“Ifweunderstandthesesignals,wemightbeabletousethatknowledgetohelpimportantnewsgetsharedandstopmisinformationfromgoingviral.”Itisalsohelpfulforcontentcreatorstomaximizetheirreach.“Ourcurrentstudydemonstrateshowtappingintothebrainwouldhelpcontentcreatorsoptimizetheirmessages’influence,”FalkandChansaid.“Weareinterestedinbuildingontheseresultstodevelopwaystocounterharmfulinformationandfalsenews,inadditiontospreadinghigh-qualitycontent.”“Alotofourmostpressingproblemsinsocietyareinfluencedbythedecisionspeoplemake,andthedecisionswemakeareinfluencedbythenews.Whatyousharematters,andsounderstandingwhyyoushareitmatters,too.”12.Whatdoresearchersintendtodointheirstudy?A.Tofindawaytogetbrainsignals.B.Toworkoutamysteriousmodel.C.Touseabroadrangeofnewscategories.D.Topredicthowmuchinformationgetshared.13.Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?A.Thebasisandprocessofthestudy.B.Thewaytopredictbrainactivation.C.Thepatternofavalue-basedmodel.D.Thereasonwhycertainnewsisshared.14.What’sthepotentialapplicationofthefindingofthestudy?A.Tosolvemosturgentproblems.B.Tounderstandwhyviralnewsmatter.C.Toinfluencethedecisionspeoplewillmake.D.Tobettertheefficiencyofpositivepublicity.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.HowtoShareaViralNewsB.HowtoObtainBrainSignalsC.HowCertainStudiesGetSharedD.HowBrainIdentifiesViralContent【答案】12.B13.A14.D15.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了研究人員通過(guò)神經(jīng)科學(xué)的方法探究人們?cè)诜窒韮?nèi)容時(shí)大腦的反應(yīng)，以及這種反應(yīng)如何影響內(nèi)容的傳播。【12題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Whatgoesoninourbrainswhenwedecidetohitthesharebutton,andwhatmakessomethinggoviral?SincethedawnoftheInternet,businesses,mediaoutletsandinfluencersalikehavebeentryingtoanswerthesequestions.Now,researchershavecomeonestepclosertocrackingthismysteriousmodelbyshiningalightontheneuroscience(神經(jīng)科學(xué))ofviralcontent.(當(dāng)我們決定點(diǎn)擊分享按鈕時(shí)，我們的大腦是怎么想的?是什么讓一些東西像病毒一樣傳播開(kāi)來(lái)?自互聯(lián)網(wǎng)出現(xiàn)以來(lái)，企業(yè)、媒體和有影響力的人一直在試圖回答這些問(wèn)題?，F(xiàn)在，研究人員通過(guò)研究病毒內(nèi)容的神經(jīng)科學(xué)，離破解這個(gè)神秘的模型又近了一步)”可知，研究人員打算在他們的研究中找出一個(gè)神秘的模型。故選B項(xiàng)。【13題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段““Whenweseegreateractivationofregionsthattrackself-relevance(Isitimportanttome)andsocial-relevance(IsitimportanttopeopleIknow),thenewsarticlesaremorelikelytobesharedwidely,”FalkandChansaid.Bystudyingthesebrainresponses,theteammanagedtobuildavalue-basedmodeltoaccuratelypredicthowwidelythearticleswouldbesharedonline.ThislinkbetweenbrainactivityandsharingwasseeninboththeAmericanandDutchparticipants,suggestingthatthismodelisaccurateacrosscultures.(Falk和Chan說(shuō)：“當(dāng)我們看到追蹤自我相關(guān)性(對(duì)我重要嗎)和社會(huì)相關(guān)性(對(duì)我認(rèn)識(shí)的人重要嗎)的區(qū)域更活躍時(shí)，新聞文章更有可能被廣泛分享?！蓖ㄟ^(guò)研究這些大腦反應(yīng)，該團(tuán)隊(duì)成功建立了一個(gè)基于價(jià)值的模型，以準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測(cè)文章在網(wǎng)上分享的范圍。大腦活動(dòng)和分享之間的這種聯(lián)系在美國(guó)和荷蘭的參與者身上都能看到，這表明這個(gè)模型在不同文化中都是準(zhǔn)確的)”可知，本段主要講述了研究的依據(jù)和過(guò)程。故選A項(xiàng)。【14題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Ifweunderstandthesesignals,wemightbeabletousethatknowledgetohelpimportantnewsgetsharedandstopmisinformationfromgoingviral.(如果我們理解了這些信號(hào)，我們也許能夠利用這些知識(shí)來(lái)幫助重要新聞得到分享，并阻止錯(cuò)誤信息的傳播)”以及“Weareinterestedinbuildingontheseresultstodevelopwaystocounterharmfulinformationandfalsenews,inadditiontospreadinghigh-qualitycontent.(我們有興趣在這些結(jié)果的基礎(chǔ)上，開(kāi)發(fā)出對(duì)抗有害信息和虛假新聞的方法，同時(shí)傳播高質(zhì)量的內(nèi)容)”可知，這項(xiàng)研究的潛在應(yīng)用是提高正面宣傳的效率。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Whatgoesoninourbrainswhenwedecidetohitthesharebutton,andwhatmakessomethinggoviral?SincethedawnoftheInternet,businesses,mediaoutletsandinfluencersalikehavebeentryingtoanswerthesequestions.Now,researchershavecomeonestepclosertocrackingthismysteriousmodelbyshiningalightontheneuroscience(神經(jīng)科學(xué))ofviralcontent.(當(dāng)我們決定點(diǎn)擊分享按鈕時(shí)，我們的大腦是怎么想的?是什么讓一些東西傳播開(kāi)來(lái)?自互聯(lián)網(wǎng)出現(xiàn)以來(lái)，企業(yè)、媒體和有影響力的人一直在試圖回答這些問(wèn)題。現(xiàn)在，研究人員通過(guò)研究病毒內(nèi)容的神經(jīng)科學(xué)，離破解這個(gè)神秘的模型又近了一步)”以及縱觀全文可知，本文主要介紹了研究人員通過(guò)神經(jīng)科學(xué)的方法探究人們?cè)诜窒韮?nèi)容時(shí)大腦的反應(yīng)，所以D項(xiàng)“HowBrainIdentifiesViralContent(大腦如何識(shí)別傳播內(nèi)容)”是本文最好的標(biāo)題。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Scientiststesttheirhypothesis(假設(shè))eitherthroughexperimentorfieldworkandtheprocessisfilledwithchanges.Carryoutexperiments____16____.Youmakeasimpler-scaleorsmaller-scaleversionofthepartoftherealworldyouwanttostudy.Inanexperiment,ascientisttriestolookathowjustonethingaffectsthesubjecttheyareworkingon.Thedifficultpartiscreatinganenvironmentinwhichonlythatonethingchanges.Thatiswhyscientistsusetesttubes,andothersmall,enclosedsettingsfortheirexperiment.____17____.ConductfieldworkInfieldwork,ascientistgoesintoanuncontrolledenvironment,aspecificplaceintheworld,andrecordsexactlywhatisobservedthereatthetime.____18____.Sofieldworkisalmostalwaysnewandoriginal.Thedifficultpartwithfieldworkisthatwhileyouarerecordingyourobservations,youmustmakesurethatyouyourselfarenotinterfering(干涉)withyoursubjectsimplybybeingthere.Forinstance,youcannotcountbirdsinatreeifyouscareanyaway.____19____Scientistsarelikedetectives—theytrytosolvemysteries.Experimentsarepartofscientist’sdetectivekit.Whenyouwanttoproveatheorytrueorfalse,createanexperimentthatwilltestonethingyoucanobserve.Youhaveanideathatifyousetupacontrolledsituationandpurposelychangeonlyonething,thischangewillcausesomethingelsetohappen.____20____.Ifyourchangecausessomethingelsetohappen,this“somethingelse”iscalledtherespondingvariable,becauseitisrespondingtothechange.A.CreatevariablesB.WatchtheprocessC.YouarestudyingauniquesituationeverytimeD.ItismucheasiertocontrolthingsinsuchenvironmentsE.AndthethingyoupurposelychangeiscalledthechangingvariableF.Youfocusyourattentiononjustafewthings,insteadofoneverythingG.Experimentalobservationsaremadeinacontrolledenvironmentthatyoucreate【答案】16.G17.D18.C19.A20.E【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了科學(xué)家們驗(yàn)證他們的假設(shè)的一些方法?！?6題詳析】由下文“Youmakeasimpler-scaleorsmaller-scaleversionofthepartoftherealworldyouwanttostudy.Inanexperiment,ascientisttriestolookathowjustonethingaffectsthesubjecttheyareworkingon.Thedifficultpartiscreatinganenvironmentinwhichonlythatonethingchanges.Thatiswhyscientistsusetesttubes,andothersmall,enclosedsettingsfortheirexperiment.(你可以制作一個(gè)你想要研究的現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的更簡(jiǎn)單或更小的版本。在一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)中，科學(xué)家試圖觀察一件事是如何影響他們正在研究的課題的。困難的部分是創(chuàng)造一個(gè)只改變一件事的環(huán)境。這就是為什么科學(xué)家們?cè)谒麄兊膶?shí)驗(yàn)中使用試管和其他小的、封閉的環(huán)境。)”可知，科學(xué)家們會(huì)根據(jù)自己研究的課題，通過(guò)在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里創(chuàng)建一個(gè)自己能夠控制的，比要研究的現(xiàn)實(shí)世界更簡(jiǎn)單或更小的環(huán)境來(lái)開(kāi)展實(shí)驗(yàn)；G選項(xiàng)“Experimentalobservationsaremadeinacontrolledenvironmentthatyoucreate(實(shí)驗(yàn)觀察是在你創(chuàng)造的受控環(huán)境中進(jìn)行的)”符合語(yǔ)境。故選G?！?7題詳析】上文“Thedifficultpartiscreatinganenvironmentinwhichonlythatonethingchanges.Thatiswhyscientistsusetesttubes,andothersmall,enclosedsettingsfortheirexperiment.(困難的部分是創(chuàng)造一個(gè)只改變一件事的環(huán)境。這就是為什么科學(xué)家們?cè)谒麄兊膶?shí)驗(yàn)中使用試管和其他小的、封閉的環(huán)境。)”說(shuō)明做實(shí)驗(yàn)中最困難部分是創(chuàng)造一個(gè)只改變一件事的環(huán)境，因此科學(xué)家們?cè)谒麄兊膶?shí)驗(yàn)中使用試管和其他小的、封閉的環(huán)境；D選項(xiàng)“Itismucheasiertocontrolthingsinsuchenvironments(在這樣的環(huán)境中，控制事情要容易得多)”承接上文，指出科學(xué)家們?cè)趯?shí)驗(yàn)中使用試管和其他小的、封閉的環(huán)境能夠讓事情更容易控制，符合語(yǔ)境；代詞“It”指代上文中的“usetesttubes,andothersmall,enclosedsettingsfortheirexperiment”。故選D。【18題詳析】上文“Infieldwork,ascientistgoesintoanuncontrolledenvironment,aspecificplaceintheworld,andrecordsexactlywhatisobservedthereatthetime.(在實(shí)地工作中，科學(xué)家進(jìn)入一個(gè)不受控制的環(huán)境，世界上一個(gè)特定的地方，并準(zhǔn)確地記錄下當(dāng)時(shí)在那里觀察到的東西。)”可知，在實(shí)地工作中，科學(xué)家進(jìn)入一個(gè)不受控制的環(huán)境，記錄在一個(gè)特定的地方當(dāng)時(shí)觀察到的東西，因此，每次研究的情況都是不同的，獨(dú)特的；C選項(xiàng)“Youarestudyingauniquesituationeverytime(你每次都在研究一個(gè)獨(dú)特的情況)”符合語(yǔ)境，且與下文“Sofieldworkisalmostalwaysnewandoriginal.(因此，實(shí)地工作幾乎總是新穎的、原創(chuàng)的。)”構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系。故選C?！?9題詳析】設(shè)空處為小標(biāo)題；根據(jù)下文中“Whenyouwanttoproveatheorytrueorfalse,createanexperimentthatwilltestonethingyoucanobserve.Youhaveanideathatifyousetupacontrolledsituationandpurposelychangeonlyonething,thischangewillcausesomethingelsetohappen.(當(dāng)你想證明一個(gè)理論是對(duì)還是錯(cuò)時(shí)，創(chuàng)建一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)來(lái)測(cè)試你可以觀察到的一件事。你有一種想法，如果你設(shè)置了一個(gè)可控的環(huán)境，故意只改變一件事，這個(gè)改變會(huì)導(dǎo)致其他事情的發(fā)生。)”以及“Ifyourchangecausessomethingelsetohappen,this“somethingelse”iscalledtherespondingvariable,becauseitisrespondingtothechange.(如果您的更改導(dǎo)致其他事情發(fā)生，則此“其他事情”稱(chēng)為響應(yīng)變量，因?yàn)樗陧憫?yīng)變化。)”可知，本段主要闡述科學(xué)家通過(guò)創(chuàng)建變量來(lái)證明一個(gè)理論是對(duì)還是錯(cuò)，測(cè)試自己觀察到的事情；A選項(xiàng)“Createvariables(創(chuàng)建變量)”能夠概括本段主旨，適合作為小標(biāo)題。故選A?！?0題詳析】上文“Youhaveanideathatifyousetupacontrolledsituationandpurposelychangeonlyonething,thischangewillcausesomethingelsetohappen.(你有一種想法，如果你設(shè)置了一個(gè)可控的環(huán)境，故意只改變一件事，這個(gè)改變會(huì)導(dǎo)致其他事情的發(fā)生。)”說(shuō)明科學(xué)家想證明一個(gè)理論是對(duì)還是錯(cuò)時(shí)，會(huì)在一個(gè)設(shè)置好的環(huán)境中故意只改變一件事，而這個(gè)改變會(huì)導(dǎo)致其他事情的發(fā)生；E選項(xiàng)“Andthethingyoupurposelychangeiscalledthechangingvariable(你故意改變的東西叫做變化變量)”承接上文，告訴讀者科學(xué)家故意改變的東西就是“變化變量”；下文“Ifyourchangecausessomethingelsetohappen,this“somethingelse”iscalledtherespondingvariable,becauseitisrespondingtothechange.(如果您的更改導(dǎo)致其他事情發(fā)生，則此“其他事情”稱(chēng)為響應(yīng)變量，因?yàn)樗陧憫?yīng)更改。)”介紹了由于改變而導(dǎo)致發(fā)生的其他事情則是“響應(yīng)變量（respondingvariable）”。由此可知，E選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。故選E。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。I’vealwaysbeencreativesinceIwasalittlegirl.Everydaywasanexcitingadventureof____21____inmychildhoodfilledwitharts,craftsandmusic.____22____,somewherealongthewayIlosttouchwithmycreativeself.At21,upongraduation,I____23____ajobatacompany.Iwouldgototheoffice,sitatmydeskandrepeatthesamework.Thedayswerelongand____24____.Workingthiswayforoneyearwaspainfulenough.BeforelongIdecidedtomakea____25____.OnethingIhaddevelopedaninterestinwassewing,soI____26____asewingcourseatacommunitycollege.Itwasonlyafive-weekcoursebutit____27____myinterestandgotmyconfidenceup.AsIdreamtbigger,laterI____28____apart-timedesigncourse.Itookclassestwonightsaweek.Althoughexhausting,itgavemeenergy,____29____andhappiness.Asitbecameclearerthat_____30_____waswheremylovelay,workingatthecompanybecameharder.Ifeltbored.Noenergy,no_____31_____andzerofulfillment.Apparently,Ineededabiggerchange._____32_____,Imadeadifficultdecision,—quittingmy_____33_____andstudyingmydesigncoursefulltime.ThelastfewyearswitnessedmysuccessinwhatIlov