中考英語專項復(fù)習：任務(wù)型閱讀題型（閱讀填表、還原句子、回答問題等）（原卷版）

專題三

中考題型

第15講任務(wù)型閱讀題型

?要點歸納思維導(dǎo)圖

解題口訣及母題典例

任務(wù)型閱讀題型高頻考點I實用解題口訣|

考向1：閱讀填表

高頻考點1：橫縱表頭

解題口訣：橫縱表頭

表格式閱讀橫向表頭是中心，主旨看首尾；縱向表頭是結(jié)構(gòu)，重點需提煉。

口訣識別

表格式任務(wù)型閱讀中，在表頭位置填空時，用此口訣解題。

口訣解題典例：

Hello,everyone.I'mJillGreen.I'mamiddleschoolstudent.Itsnicetomeetyouhere.First,letmetellyou

somethingaboutmyfamily.Therearefivepeopleinmyfamily.Theyaremymother,myfather,mysister,my

brotherandme.

Myfatherisadriver.MymotherisateacherofEnglishatmyschool.Mysisterissixteenandmybrotheris

sixteen,too.Theyaretwins.Iamtwelve.Weallenjoywatchingfootballgames.

MyhomeisonWestStreet.Thereisabigtreeandalotofsmalltreesaroundmyhouse.Thebigoneisapear

treeandthesmallonesareappletrees.Buttherearen'tanypearsorapplesontherm.Thereisaphotoofmyhouse.

Inthephoto,youcanseeacatinmyhouse.It*sblackandwhite.Welikeitverymuch.

JilFs_________

Thereare...peopleinherfamily.Theyareherparents,herbrother,hersisterand...

Herfatherisadriver.

PeopleHermotheris...Englishteacheratherschool.

Herbrotherandsisterarethesame（相同的）..

Children

Theyall...watchingfootballgames.

口訣解題答案解析

根據(jù)原文首段中的“l(fā)etmetellyousomethingaboutmyfamily”可知，表頭應(yīng)該填familyo

解題坑點

常見的概括類表頭詞

原因：reason/cause;方法：way/means/method;觀點：opinion/view

介紹：introduction;舉例：example;種類/類型：types/kinds/sorts

優(yōu)缺點：advantages/disadvantages;建議/提示：advice/suggestion/tip

目的：purpose/aim/goal;影響/結(jié)果：effect/result

問題/解決方法：problem/solution;措施/行動：measure/action

個人信息：age/name/hobbies/personality;總結(jié)：conclusion/summary

特性/特點：characteristics/features;相似/不同：similarity/difference

主題/話題：theme/topic/subject;重要性/意義：importance/meaning

母題

（2023.遼寧錦州.統(tǒng)考中考真題）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容完成短文后的圖表。

Youmayalwayspayattentiontohunger（饑餓）.Hungerhasmanydifferentcauses,accordingtoDr.Monique

Tello,fromHarvardMedicalSchool.

Thefirstcausemaybeamedicalproblem.t4Ifapersonalwaysfeelshungryandcan'tputonweightoreven

losesweight,heshouldgotothehospital.ForpeoplewithTypeIdiabetes（糖尿?。?，theirbodyisn'tabletoprocess

sugar.Theyeatalot,butstillloseweightandtheyfeelterrible.^^Tellosaid.

Ifitisn'tamedicalcause,theproblemscouldbeinthehead.Ifsreasonabletobehungryeverythreetofive

hours.However,it'spossibleforyoutoeatoftenandalotafterwatchingfoodadvertisementsonTVorsocial

media（媒體）.Also,themoreyoueat,thelargeryourstomachgets,andthemoreyouwanttoeat.Aperson's

state（狀態(tài)）ofmindcanplayarole.too.Researchhasshownthatstresscanincreaselevelsofhungerhormones（激

素）Pressureandworrydrivepeopletolookforfoodinthefridgewhenthey'renotrulyhungry.

Anotherreasonmaybethelifestyle.Sometimesthereasonwhyapersonisalwayshungryisthatheeatstoo

little,exercisestoomuch,orboth.

So,howtosolvetheproblem?Therearethreewaystosolveit.First,reduce（減少）yourtimeonwatching

foodadvertisementsonTVandsocialmedia.Inaddition,saynotofoodifyou'renotreallyhungry.Finally,change

yourdietbyeatingmorefoodhighinfiber（纖維），protein（蛋白質(zhì)）andhealthyfats.

Topic:Payingattentionto]

FactSomepeoplealwaysfeelhungry.

Amedicalproblem*Eatingalot,butstill2weight.

"WatchingfoodadvertisementsonTVorsocialmedia.

Theproblemsinthe

Causes*Eatingsomuchfoodthatyourstomachgetslarger.

3____

*Increasinglevelsofhungerhormonesbecauseofstress.

Thelifestyle"Eatingtoolittle,exercisingtoomuch,orboth.

____4*Spending______5_______timeonwatchingfood

advertisements.

*Sayingnotofoodwhenyou'renothungry.

*Changingyourdiet.

【答案】1.hunger2.losing3.head4.Ways5.less

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了饑餓的原因及解決的方法。

1.根據(jù)"Youmayalwayspayattentiontohunger（饑餓）.“可知,你可以注意饑餓。故填hungero

2.根據(jù)"Ifapersonalwaysfeelshungryandcan'tputonweightorevenlosesweight”可知，如果一個人總是感

到饑餓，不能增加體重，甚至減肥。此處與Eating并列，故填losing。

3.根據(jù)"Ifitisn'tamedicalcause,theproblemscouldbeinthehead.”可知，如果不是醫(yī)學(xué)原因，問題可能出在

頭部。故填head。

4.根據(jù)"So,howtosolvetheproblem?Therearethreewaystosolveit.”可知，介紹解決問題的方法，故填Ways。

5.根據(jù)"reduce（減少）yourtimeonwatchingfoodadvertisementsonTVandsocialmedia”可知，減少在電視和

社交媒體上看食品廣告的時間，即花費更少的時間，故填less。

高頻考點2：回定抄

解題口訣:畫定抄

畫：畫空前空后關(guān)鍵詞；

定：定位原文；

抄：對比信息、抄寫答案。

口訣識別

在表格式任務(wù)型閱讀中，非縱橫表頭位置出現(xiàn)填空題，用此口訣解題。

口訣解題典例

Hello,everyone.I'mJillGreen.I'mamiddleschoolstudent.It*snicetomeetyouhere.First,letmetellyou

somethingaboutmyfamily.Therearefivepeopleinmyfamily.Theyaremymother,myfather,mysister,my

brotherandme.

Myfatherisadriver.MymotherisateacherofEnglishatmyschool.Mysisterissixteenandmybrotheris

sixteen,too.Theyaretwins.Iamtwelve.Weallenjoywatchingfootballgames

MyhomeisonWestStreet.Thereisabigtreeandalotofsmalltreesaroundmyhouse.Thebigoneisapear

treeandthesmallonesareappletrees.Buttherearen'tanypearsorapplesonthem.Thereisaphotoofmyhouse.

Inthephoto,youcanseeacatin

myhouse.It*sblackandwhite.Welikeitverymuch.

JilFsfamily

PeopleThereare_________peopleinherfamily

口訣解題答案解析

根據(jù)題干畫出關(guān)鍵詞peopleinherfamily,回到原文中定位"Therearefivepeopleinmyfamily.",可知答案為five?

解題坑點

在表格式任務(wù)型閱讀中，答案并不一定是文中的原文原詞，時常需要對原文信息進行同義改寫或歸納整合。

母題

（2023?遼寧錦州?統(tǒng)考中考真題）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容完成短文后的思維導(dǎo)圖。

TheDifficultSearchforAmericanProductsintheUS

Ifyougotoanothercountry,whatkindofthingswouldyoubuy?WouldyoubuyacamerainJapan,some

beautifulclothesinFrance,orawatchinSwitzerland?Nomatterwhatyoumaybuy,youmightprobablythink

thoseproductsweremadeinthosecountries.However,youcouldbewrong.KangJianisa17-year-oldstudent

fromShanghai.LastyearhewenttovisithisauntanduncleinSanFrancisco.Hefounditinterestingthatsomany

productsinthelocalshopsweremadeinChina.64Iwantedtobuyatoycarformycousin,buteventhoughmostof

thetoyshadAmericanbrands,theyweremadeinChina.^^

ToysarenottheonlythingsmadeinChina."Iwantedtobuyapairofbasketballshoes,“heexplains,4tbutI

hadtovisitfiveorsixstoresbeforefindingapairmadeinAmerica!??HerealizedthatAmericanscanhardlyavoid

buyingproductsmadeinChina."Infact,^^hecontinues,“therearesomanythingsmadeinChina-footballs,

handbags,petfood,mobilephones.EvenAmericanflagsaremadeinChina!?,KangJianthinksifsgreatthatChina

issogoodatmakingtheseeverydaythings.However,hewishesthatinthefutureChinawillalsogetbetterat

makinghigh-technologyproductsthatpeoplecanbuyinallpartsoftheworld.

DifficultsearchforTr?Who:KangJianTrip

“MadeintheUS”ip?Where:SanFranciscointheUS

?Wanttobuy:atoycarfbr6andapairofbasketball

shoesforhimself

?HefoundmosttoyswereAmericanbrands,buttheyweremade

inChina.

7____?Hecouldn'tfindapairofshoesmadeinAmerica____8

hevisited5or6stores.

R

Chinaissogoodatmakingthese9things.

eason

HInthefuture,Chinawilldobetterin_________10

opehigh-technologyproducts.

【答案】6.cousin7.Fact8.until9.everyday10.making

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，介紹中國制造的相關(guān)內(nèi)容。

6.根據(jù)"Iwantedtobuyatoycarfbrmycousin”可知，想給表弟買一輛玩具車，故填cousino

7.根據(jù)表格右欄介紹可知，是事實，用fact,故填Fact。

8.根據(jù)"butIhadtovisitfiveorsixstoresbeforefindingapairmadeinAmerica”可知，在去了五六家店才找到

一雙美國制造的。not...until”直到...才"，故填until。

9.根據(jù)"KangJianthinksifsgreatthatChinaissogoodatmakingtheseeverydaythings.”可知,中國很擅長制造

這些日常用品，故填everyday。

10.根據(jù)“hewishesthatinthefutureChinawillalsogetbetteratmakinghigh-technologyproductsthatpeoplecan

buyinallpartsoftheworld”可知，希望未來中國在制造人們可以在世界各地買到的高科技產(chǎn)品方面也能做得

更好，故填making。

考向2：閱讀還原

高頻考點3：段落標題

解題口訣：段落標題段首段尾優(yōu)先讀，高頻詞常入標題。

口訣識別

閱讀還原中在一個段落前挖空，需要匹配到體現(xiàn)此段主旨的小標題時，可用此口訣解題。

口訣解題典例：

Allowingpetcatstogooutsideisnotjustbadforbirdsandwildlife,it'salsobadforthecatsthemselves.

Outdoorcatscangetsickveryeasily.Theyareindangerfromtrafficandattacks（攻擊）fromotheranimals.Infact,

outdoorcatsusuallydon'tlivepasttheageoffive,whileindoorcatsoftenlivetobe17orolder.

A.Catscanbringillness.

B.Keepingacatisgoodforyou.

C.Youshouldletyourcatinside.

D.Goingoutsideisbadforcats.too.

E.ThebirdsarefewerandfewerinAmerica.

E.Catskillmanybirdsandsmallanimalseveryyear.

口訣解題答案解析

根據(jù)"Allowingpetcatstogooutsideisnotjustbadforbirdsandwildlife,it'salsobadforthecatsthemselves."RT

知，本段圍繞“讓貓咪外出對它們產(chǎn)生的危害”展開論述，故選D。

解題坑點：

段落首尾句通常不和選擇項完全重合，可能以同義轉(zhuǎn)換的方式出現(xiàn)。

母題

（2023?四川雅安?統(tǒng)考中考真題）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后面的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在

答題卡上將該項涂黑。

Thesunisout.Theweatheriscool.Ifsagreatdayforrunning.11

Besafe

12Sopayattentiontowhatishappeningaroundyouwhileyourun.Ifyouarerunningalongaroad,

wearlight-coloredclothessothatdriverscanseeyouclearly.

Listentoyourbody

Runningistiringandcanhurt.Butcontinuous（持續(xù)的）painmeanssomethingiswrong.Maybeyouneedto

changethewayyoumovetoputlesspressureoncertainjoints（關(guān)節(jié)）.13Havingarestwhennecessary

willhelpyougetbacktorunningassoonaspossible.

14

Pickoutcomfortableshoesthatfityourfeet.Thiswillstopstrain（拉緊）onyourfeet,legsandback.

Mixitup

Someexpertssuggestdoingotherphysicalactivitiesbesidesrunning.15Bydoingdifferentkinds

ofexercise,youkeepawayinjuries（傷害）causedbyrepeatedactions.

A.Choosegoodshoes

B.Alwaysremembersafetycomesfirst.

C.Ormaybeyouaretootiredandneedadayoff.

D.Thatcouldmeanbiking,swimmingorplayingasport.

E.Butbeforeyoustartrunning,hereissomeadviceforyou.

【答案】ILE12.B13.C14.A15.D

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，介紹跑步前的一些建議。

11.根據(jù)后文介紹可知，給出跑步前的一些建議，選項E“但在你開始跑步之前，這里有一些建議給你。”

符合語境，故選E。

12.根據(jù)“Besafe”可知，本條建議要注意安全，選項B“永遠記住安全第一。”符合語境，故選B。

13.根據(jù)"Havingarestwhennecessarywillhelpyougetbacktorunningassoonaspossible.”可知，必要的時候

休息一下會幫助你盡快恢復(fù)跑步。選項C"或者你太累了，需要休息一天?！狈险Z境，故選C。

14.根據(jù)“Pickoutcomfortableshoesthatfityourfbet.”可知，挑選適合你腳的舒適的鞋子。選項A“選擇好鞋”

符合語境，故選A。

15.根據(jù)"Someexpertssuggestdoingotherphysicalactivitiesbesidesrunning.“可知，一些專家建議除了跑步外

還做其他的體育活動。選項D“這可能意味著騎自行車、游泳或做運動。”符合語境，故選D。

高頻考點4：指代法

解題口訣：代詞指代代詞指代在前方，看人稱、驗單復(fù)。

口訣識別

選項中出現(xiàn)代詞，需注意代詞指代，用此口訣解題。

口訣解題典例

Oneday,theemperor（皇帝），QinShiHuang,orderedhissoldierstocapture（俘虜）someyoungmen.Hesent

theyoungmentobuildtheGreatWallofChina.

AyoungmannamedFanXiliangdidn'twanttogetcaptured.Hehadnowheretogoanddidn'tknow

wheretohide.Whenheheardthesoldierscomingtowards

him,hewasterrified（感到恐懼的）.

A.LadyMengJiangstayedbythewallandkeptcryingdayandnight.

B.Theyfellinlovewitheachother.

C.Heranawayfromhishomeandplannedtohidesomewhere.

D.Itwasamovinglovestory.

E.LadyMengJiangpreparedsomewarmclothesforherhusband.

口訣解題答案解析

根據(jù)空前"AyoungmannamedFanXiliangdidn'twanttogetcaptured.”可知，所填句的主語是ayoungman,C選

項中的He指代ayoungman,故C正確。

解題坑點

如果上文中出現(xiàn)多人或者多物，需要分清指代關(guān)系。

母題

（2023?遼寧錦州?統(tǒng)考中考真題）還原句子。根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的五個選項中選出能夠填入短文空白

處的最佳選項。

Itis600yearsoldandhasbecomeapopularsnackaroundChina.Youcanbuyiteverymorningatsmallstreet

stalls（攤位）foraround5to10yuaninmostChinesecities.16

Butitiscookedinmanydifferentways.17TheTianjinCateringIndustryAssociation（天津餐飲行業(yè)

協(xié)會）madestandardsforjianbingguozitokeepthetraditionaltasteonMay25,2018.18Accordingtothe

newrules,jianbingguozishouldbemadeofingredients（原料）thatincludegreenbeanflour（面粉）andeggs.It

shouldbe38to40centimetersindiameter（直徑）.

19Theyhavepointedoutthateveryonehasdifferenttastesandthatitisuselesstocreatethestandards

forfood.uThejianbingguoziwithnostandardistheoneIlikeeating.^^OneSinaWeibouserwrote.

Theassociationhasexplainedthatitdoesn'twanttomakeeveryonecookthesnackthesamewayeverytime.

20Itjustaimstobetterregulate（規(guī)范）thecookingprocess,techniques（做法）andfoodsafetythanbefore.

A.Itdependsonwhereyoubuyit.

B.Thereasonofmakingstandardsistopassdownthecookingskills.

C.Thesnackiscalledjianbingguozi.

D.Ifsnotitsaim（目標）tomakeitstandard.

E.Butsomepeoplearewonderingifit'snecessarytocreatesuchstandards.

【答案】16.C17.A18.B19.E20.D

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，介紹煎餅果子的新規(guī)范。

16.根據(jù)“Itis600yearsoldandhasbecomeapopularsnackaroundChina.Youcanbuyiteverymorningatsmall

streetstalls（攤位）foraround5to10yuaninmostChinesecities.”可知，它有600年的歷史，在中國已經(jīng)成為一

種受歡迎的小吃。在中國大多數(shù)城市，每天早上你都可以在街邊小攤上花5到10元買到它。此處介紹一種

小吃，選項C“這種小吃被稱為煎餅果子?！狈险Z境，故選C。

17.根據(jù)“Butitiscookedinmanydifferentways.”可知，它有很多不同的烹飪方法，選項A”這取決于你在哪

里買。”符合語境，故選A。

18.根據(jù)"TheTianjinCateringIndustryAssociation（天津餐飲行業(yè)協(xié)會）madestandardsforjianbingguozito

keepthetraditionaltasteonMay25,2018.”可知，2018年5月25日，天津餐飲行業(yè)協(xié)會制定了煎餅果子保持

傳統(tǒng)味道的標準。此處介紹該規(guī)范，選項B"制定標準的原因是為了傳承烹飪技術(shù)?！狈险Z境，故選B。

19.根據(jù)“Theyhavepointedoutthateveryonehasdifferenttastesandthatitisuselesstocreatethestandardsfor

ibod”可知，他們指出，每個人都有不同的口味，制定食品標準是沒有用的。所以有些人認為這種標準是沒

用的，選項E“但一些人懷疑是否有必要制定這樣的標準?！狈险Z境，故選E。

20.根據(jù)"Itjustaimstobetterregulate（規(guī)范）thecookingprocess,techniques（做法）andfoodsafetythanbefbre."

可知，它只是為了更好地規(guī)范烹飪過程、技術(shù)和食品安全。此處介紹的是該標準的目的，選項D“它的目的

不是使它成為標準。”符合語境，故選D。

高頻考點5：邏輯詞

解題口訣：邏輯詞句意前后有邏輯、注意轉(zhuǎn)折和順序。

口訣識別

閱讀還原中前后文或選項中出現(xiàn)順序詞或邏輯詞，需根據(jù)順序及邏輯關(guān)系進行判斷，可用此口訣解題。

口訣解題典例

First,exercisecanhelpyourmind.Peoplewhogetplentyofphysicalactivitiesmightworrylessandsleep

betteratnight.Youmayevenlearnbetterinschool.Physicalactivitiescanmakeyourbodystrong.Itcan

alsokeepyouatahealthyweight.Buthowcanteensbeencouragedtodomoreexercise?Herearesomegood

suggestions.

A.Second,exercisehelpsyourbody.

B.Stepawayfromthescreen.

C.Exercisewithotherstogether.

D.Exercisehelpsintwoways.

E.Findasportyouareinterestedin.

口訣解題答案解析

上文中的"First,exercisecanhelpyourmind.”和選項中出現(xiàn)的"Second,exercisehelpsyour

body."構(gòu)成第一第二的順序關(guān)系，故選A。

解題坑點

轉(zhuǎn)折和順序是最容易辨認的邏輯關(guān)系，但除此之外還可能會出現(xiàn)因果、讓步、條件等其他邏輯關(guān)系，需要

仔細觀察文章上下文來進行判斷。

母題

（2023?吉林長春?統(tǒng)考中考真題）Choosingajob一somethingyou'rethinkingofdoingfortherestofyour

workinglife一isn'talwayseasybutnecessary.Plansfbryourfuturejobwillhaveagreatinfluenceonyourwhole

life.21

Knowyourselfwell.

Ifstruethatthingslikepayareimportant,butdon'tletmoneyleadyouinthewrongdirection.Firstly,follow

yourheartandyourpersonality-ifyou'renotveryoutgoing,don'tgoforasalesjob,evenifthepay'sgood.

22Ifyoudowellingettingalongwithchildren,tobeateachermaybeafantasticchoice.

23

Generallyspeaking,peoplegetmoresatisfactionoutoftheirjobsiftheyfeeltheyaredoingsomething

valuableforothers.Itdoesn'thavetobecharitywork——itcouldbeajobthathelpsotherpeople,likebeinga

cleaner.Justimaginewhatourcitywouldbelikewithoutcleaners?

Yourfirstdecisionisn'tforever.

Someluckypeoplegetitrightfirsttime——theychooseajob,findtheyloveitandstickatit.24So

remember-you'reallowedtochangeyourmind!There?snoneedtoletitworryyouforyears:maybeyou'vegot

threeorfourpossiblethingsyou'dliketodo,socometoadecisionandtryone-andifyoudon'tlikeit,try

anotherone.

25Thebestpreparationfortomorrowisdoingyourbesttoday.Remembertoberesponsiblefor

yourselfwhenyouareyoung.

閱讀短文，把A-E五個句子填入文中空缺處，使短文內(nèi)容完整。

A.Dosomethingofvalue.

B.Butitisn'talwayslikethat.

C.Herearesomesuggestionsforyou.

D.Secondly,thinkaboutwhatyouaregoodat.

E.Makingaclearplanforyourfuturejobismeaningful.

【答案】21.C22.D23.A24.B25.E

【導(dǎo)語】本文就如何選擇工作給出了一些建議。

21.根據(jù)“Knowyourselfwell."及“Yourfirstdecisionisn'tfbrever.”可知文中給出了一些建議，C項“這里有一

些建議給你。“符合語境。故選C。

22.根據(jù)“Firstly”可知此處要講其次做什么，D項“其次，想想你擅長什么?！狈险Z境。故選D。

23.根據(jù)“Generallyspeaking,peoplegetmoresatisfactionoutoftheirjobsiftheyfeeltheyaredoingsomething

valuableforothers.”可知可以做有價值的工作，A項”做一些有價值的事情?！狈险Z境。故選A。

24.根據(jù)“Soremember—you'reallowedtochangeyourmind!”可知并非所有人都能一次選對工作，B項“但情

況并非總是如此?！狈险Z境。故選B。

25.根據(jù)“Thebestpreparationfortomorrowisdoingyourbesttoday.”可知此處提到了為明天做準備,E項“為

你未來的工作制定一個明確的計劃是有意義的。”符合語境。故選E。

考向3：閱讀回答問題

高頻考點6：特疑回答

任務(wù)型閱讀?問答式閱讀

Why問Because/Todo答Howmany問數(shù)量答

What/Which問名詞/句子答Howmuch問數(shù)量/價格答

Who問人答Howoften問頻率答

When問“介詞+時間”答Howfar問距離答

Where問“介詞+地點”答Howlong問長度/“for+時間段”答

How問Bysth./doing答Howsoon問“in+時間段”答

方法識別

在問答式閱讀理解中，回答特殊疑問句時用此方法解題o

解題典例

Wehavegottwochildren.Jackisseven,andhislittlebrotherNickisfour.They*requitecloseandplayalot

together.Theyquarrelquitealot,too,buttheyenjoyeachother'scompany.

Jackreadswell,buthedidn'tstarttoreadforpleasure.Hethinksreadingisonlysomethingyouhavetodoat

school.Ithinkthemainproblemis:healwayswatchesTV.Healsolikesplayingcardsandcomputergamesand

ridinghisbike.Idon'tlethimrideitonthestreet,butweoftengotothepark,whereit'ssafer.

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，回答下面的問題。

WheredoesJackoftengotoridehisbike?

問答式解題答案解析

根據(jù)口訣"Where問一（介詞+）地點答"并結(jié)合文中"Idon'tlethimrideitonthestreet,butweoftengotothepark,

whereit'ssafer."可知，Jack經(jīng)常在公園騎自行車。故答案為"Inthepark."。

解題坑點

注意此類特殊疑問詞提問時的回答規(guī)范，切勿添詞少詞，并在作答前確認題目是否有詞數(shù)要求。

母題6

（2023?江蘇徐州?中考真題）閱讀短文，回答短文后的五個問題。

mangrovetrees

Before1970,fewlawsprotectedtheenvironment.ThenonApril22thatyear,EarthDaywascreatedto

celebrateourplanet,tellpeopleaboutenvironmentalproblems,andencouragethemtotakeaction.NowEarthDay

iscelebratedallaroundtheworld.Westillfacemanychallenges,suchasclimate（氣候）change,plasticpollution,

anddeforestation（毀林）.Butwecanmakeadifference.HereisanEarth-helpinghero.

AdelineTiffanieSuwanawastwelvewhenherfamily'shomeflooded.Indonesia,herislandnationin

South-eastAsia,isoftenhithardbyfloodsandothernaturaldisasters.

Adelinewantedtohelp.Studyingtheproblem,shelearnedthatmangrovetreesplayanimportantroleinflood

protection.Theirbig,tangled（纏結(jié)的）rootsslowfloodwatersandkeepsoilfromwashingaway.Butthetreeswere

beingcutdown.

Adelinegatheredherclassmatestoplant200mangroveyoungtreesduringaschoolbreak.Theystarteda

groupcalledFriendsofNature,whichworkstokeepthearea'sbiodiversity（生物多樣f生）,fightagainstclimate

change,andhelppeoplerealizetheimportanceoftheenvironment.Theyevenstartedaprojecttogetcleanenergy

toremotevillages.

Today,Adelineattendscollege,studyinghowbusinessescanhelptheenvironment.

Remember:everyoneofuscanbeaherofortheenvironment!

注：每題答案不超過5個詞。

26.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“ourplanef,inParagraph1referto?

27.WhathappenedtoAdeline'shomewhenshewastwelve?

28.HowmanythingsdidAdelineandherclassmatesdotohelpwiththeenvironment?

29.WhatdoesAdelinedonow?

30.Whatisthepropertitleforthepassage?

【答案】26.TheEarth.27.Herfamily^homeflooded.28.Three.29.Sheisacollegestudent.

30.AnEarth-helpinghero.

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文，介紹了一位保護地球環(huán)境的英雄AdelineTiffanieSuwana。文章介紹了她為保

護地球環(huán)境所付出的行動和努力。

26.根據(jù)"ThenonApril22thatyear,EarthDaywascreatedtocelebrateourplanet”可知,人們創(chuàng)造地球日來慶

祝我們的星球，劃線部分指代的是地球。故填TheEarth.

27.根據(jù)"AdelineTiffanieSuwanawastwelvewhenherfamily'shomeflooded.“可知，Adeline12歲時，她的家

被洪水淹沒。故填Herfamily'shomeflooded.

28.根據(jù)“Adelinegatheredherclassmatestoplant200mangroveyoungtrees...TheystartedagroupcalledFriends

ofNature...Theyevenstartedaprojecttogetcleanenergytoremotevillages.“可知，Adeline和同學(xué)們?yōu)楸Ｗo環(huán)

境做了三件事，包括：種植樹木、成立環(huán)境保護組織、開發(fā)向偏遠村莊提供清潔能源的項目。故填Three.

29.根據(jù)"Today,Adelineattendscollege”可知,她現(xiàn)在是一名大學(xué)生。故填Sheisacollegestudent.

30.根據(jù)“HereisanEarth-helpinghero.”及全文可知，本文主要介紹了一位保護環(huán)境，拯救地球的英雄，故

AnEarth-helpinghero可作為文章標題。故填A(yù)nEarth-helpinghero.

高頻考點7：自擬大意

解題口訣：自擬大意文首文尾優(yōu)先讀.能抄就抄首尾句。不符就得換說法，余段首尾要考慮。全文提煉是挑

戰(zhàn)，概括名詞或從句。

口訣識別

題干為"What'sthemainideaofthepassage?"nWhat*sthepassagemainlyabout?""Whatdoesthepassagemainly

talkabout?”等時，考查文章大意，用此口訣解題。

口訣解題典例

DoyouknowwhatpeopleeatonNewYear'sDay?It'soneofthemostimportantfestivalsallovertheworld.

PeopleintheworldeatsomethingspecialforgoodluckonNewYear'sDay.

InSpain（西班牙）andsomeLatinAmericancountries,peopleeattwelvegrapesatmidnightonNewYear's

Eve.Onegrapemeansgoodluckineachmonthofthecomingnewyear.

Chinesepeopleeatdumplings.Peopleusuallyputsomecoins（硬幣）insidethem.Everyonewantstofindthe

coinandtheythinkitcanbringpeoplegoodluckandmoneyinthecomingnewyear.Ofcoursetheydon'teatthe

coin.

JapanesepeopleeatnoodlesonNewYear'sEveandtheirbirthdays.Itissaidthateatingnoodlesmaybring

themgoodluckandlonglife.

What'sthemainideaofthepassage?

口訣解題答案解析

根據(jù)首段中的"PeopleintheworldeatsomethingspecialforgoodluckonNewYear'sDay."以及下文內(nèi)容可知，

本文主要講述了不同國家的人們在慶祝新年時會吃什么，結(jié)合解題口訣“要抄就抄首尾句”可知，此句可作為

此題答案。

解題坑點

當首尾句中沒有出現(xiàn)可作為主旨句的原文原句時，需要換說法，或用名詞或從句提煉全文主旨，另外注意

字數(shù)限制。

母題

（2023?黑龍江綏化?統(tǒng)考中考真題）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，回答下列各題

Youmayknowabout"junkfood^^likeFrenchfries.Butdoyouknowabout"junksleep"?

ABritishsurveyshowsthattherearemanyelectronicproductsinteenagers9bedrooms.Theyareinfluencing

teenagers9sleepbadly.

Thesurveywasdoneamong1,000Britishkidsfrom12to16.Itisfoundthat50%ofthemgotjust4to7

hours9sleepeveryday.Butdoctorssaytheyneed8to9hours.

Almost25%ofthekidssaidtheyoftenfellasleepwhiletheywerewatchingTV,listeningtomusicorusing

otherelectronicproducts.

“Thisisveryworrying,saidDr.Chris,aBritishprofessor（教授），“Wecallit'junksleep9.Itmeansyoudon't

getenoughsleepandthequality（質(zhì)量）ofthesleepislow,too."Thesurveyfoundthatquiteafewofthekidsfelt

tiredeachdaybecauseofthejunksleep,especiallygirlsbetween13and16.Nearlyalltheteenagershaveaphone,

musicplayerorTVintheirbedrooms.Andlotsofthemevenhaveallthethree.

Dr.Chrissuggestedthatparentsshouldhelptheirchildrenkeepawayfromelectronicproducts,andthat

teenagersshouldspendlesstimeontheelectronicproducts.

31.Howmanyofthe1,000Britishkidsfrom12to16getonly4to7hours'sleepadayinthesurvey?

32.Accordingtothepassage,whatwere25%ofthekidsdoingwhentheyfellasleep?

33.Whatdoes"junksleep“meaninthepassage?

34.InDr.Chris'opinion,whatshouldteenagersdo?

35.Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?

【答案】31.500/Fivehundred(kids).

32.TheywerewatchingTV,listeningtomusicorusingotherelectronicproducts.33.It/t6Junksleep”

meansyoudon'tgetenoughsleepandthequalityofthesleepislow,too.34.They/Teenagersshouldspendless

timeontheelectronicproducts./They/Teenagersshouldkeepawayfromelectronicproductsandspendlesstimeon

theelectronicproducts.

35.The/Thispassage/Itis(mainly)about"junksleep9,./The/Thispassage/It(mainly)talksabout"junk

sleep9,./Junksleep.

【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了“垃圾睡眠”，調(diào)查顯示，青少年的臥室里有很多電子產(chǎn)品，它們嚴重影響了青少年

的睡眠。

31.根據(jù)“Thesurveywasdoneamong1,000Britishkidsfrom12to16.Itisfoundthat50%ofthemgotjust4to7

hours9sleepeveryday”可知50%的人每天只睡4到7個小時，即500個孩子。故填500/Fivehundred(kids).

32.根據(jù)"Almost25%ofthekidssaidtheyoftenfellasleepwhiletheywerewatchingTV,listeningtomusicor

usingotherelectronicproducts.”可知近25%的孩子表示，他們經(jīng)常在看電視、聽音樂或使用其他電子產(chǎn)品時

睡著。故填TheywerewatchingTV,listeningtomusicorusingotherelectronicproducts.

33.根據(jù)"Itmeansyoudon'tgetenoughsleepandthequality(質(zhì)量)ofthesleepislow,too"可知"垃圾睡眠"意味

著你睡眠不足，睡眠質(zhì)量也很低。故填I(lǐng)t/"Junksleep"meansyoudon'tgetenoughsleepand