閱讀理解之研究報(bào)告類-2025年新高考英語模擬試題分類匯編（解析版）

2025年新高考優(yōu)秀英語模擬試題優(yōu)選分類匯編

閱讀理解之研究報(bào)告

分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（新素材）

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研究報(bào)告類說明文經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在英語試題中的CD篇，難度適中上。本資料選取了全國模擬；

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試題中的研究報(bào)告素材進(jìn)行了匯編，以滿足廣大師生的需求。

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Picturethis:Yourcomputercouldsenseyouremotionsasyouworked-feelingyourjoyatcompletingatask,your

boredomduringrepetitivedataentry,oryourfrustrationwhenanerrormessagekeepsemerging.Thismightsoundlike

sciencefiction,butresearchersarebringingthisvisionclosertorealitybydevelopingadvancedcomputationalmodelsthat

canpredicthumanemotionsduringcomputerinteractions.

AttheforefrontofthiseffortisateamofFinnishscientistswhohavecreatedamodel.Themodelessentiallyputs

itselfintheuser'sshoes,simulating（模擬）theseriesofactions,outcomes,andcognitiveappraisals（認(rèn)知評估）that

ultimatelygiverisetoemotionslikehappiness,boredom,orfrustration.

Totesttheirmodel,theresearchersdesignedaseriesofinteractivecomputertasksmeanttocausespecificemotions.

Inthe"happiness"task,usersansweredaseriesofquestionsandreceivedpositivefeedbackforcorrectresponses.The

“boredom“taskinvolvedaseriesofrepetitivequestions.Inthe“frustration"task,thesystemwasintentionallyprogrammed

todisplayerrormessagesandultimatelyfail,regardlessoftheuser'sanswers.

Asstudyparticipantsworkedthroughthesetasks,theemotionalreactionspredictedbythemodelcloselymatchedthe

emotionsreportedbytheusersthemselves.Themodelwasevenabletodiscoversmallchanges,suchasasteadyincreasein

frustrationoverthecourseoftheerror-riddentask.

Theresearchersbelievetheiremotion-predictingmodelcouldpavethewayforanewgenerationofemotionally

intelligentcomputersthatcantailortheirbehaviortotheuser'spsychologicalstate.Aneffectivesystemmightoffera

stressedusercomfortingwordsofencouragement,livenupaboringtaskwithhumor,orprovideemotionalassistancewhen

frustrationmounts."Bycreatinginteractionsthataremoreemotionallyattuned,designerscouldboostuserengagement,

productivity,andoverallwell-being,,,theyadd.

However,themodelisstillinprogressandneedstobeextendedtorecognizeawiderrangeofemotionsacrossmore

complex,real-worldcomputerinteractions.Theresearchersalsoemphasizetheimportanceofgatheringmorediverse

trainingdatatoensurethemodelcanaccuratelypredictemotionsforusersofallbackgrounds.

32.Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopicofthetext?

A.Bymakingacomparison.B.Bycreatinganimaginaryscene.

C.Bytellingareallifestory.D.Bysharingapopularbook.

33.Whatwerecomputerusersaskedtodointhestudy?

A.Comforteachother.B.Reporttheirfeelings.

C.Getridofboredom.D.Staydisconnectedonline.

34.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?

A.Greatimprovementsonthemodel.B.Characteristicsoffuturecomputerusers.

C.Researchers5expectationoftheirmodel.D.Computerusers'responsestothemodel.

35.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.SmartComputersMayReplaceHumans

B.InteractionswithComputersAreEnjoyable

C.ComputersMightUnderstandOurEmotions

D.AnEmotion-predictingModelMeetsChallenges

【答案】32.B33.B34.C35.C

【解析】本文是一篇說明文。芬蘭科學(xué)家設(shè)計(jì)了能夠預(yù)測人類在使用計(jì)算機(jī)過程中所展現(xiàn)的情緒的計(jì)算機(jī)模型。這

一模型有望為新一代的情感智能計(jì)算機(jī)鋪路。

32.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Picturethis:Yourcomputercouldsenseyouremotionsasyouworked—feelingyour

joyatcompletingatask,yourboredomduringrepetitivedataentry,oryourfrustrationwhenanerrormessagekeeps

emerging.（想象一下：你的電腦可以在你工作時(shí)感覺到你的情緒一感覺到完成任務(wù)的快樂，重復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)輸入時(shí)的無

聊，或者當(dāng)錯(cuò)誤消息不斷出現(xiàn)時(shí)的沮喪。）”可知，作者通過創(chuàng)造一個(gè)想象中的場景來引入文本的主題，即計(jì)算機(jī)能

夠感知用戶的情緒。故選B項(xiàng)。

33.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Inthe"happiness"task,usersansweredaseriesofquestionsandreceivedpositive

feedbackforcorrectresponses.The“boredom“taskinvolvedaseriesofrepetitivequestions.Inthe“frustration"task,the

systemwasintentionallyprogrammedtodisplayerrormessagesandultimatelyfail,regardlessoftheuser'sanswers.（在“幸

?！比蝿?wù)中，用戶回答了一系列問題，并收到了正確答案的積極反饋。“無聊”任務(wù)涉及一系列重復(fù)的問題。在“挫折”

任務(wù)中，系統(tǒng)被有意編程為顯示錯(cuò)誤消息并最終失敗，而不管用戶的答案如何。）”可知，參與者在不同任務(wù)中被要

求回答問題、接受反饋等任務(wù)，而這些任務(wù)設(shè)計(jì)的目的是引發(fā)特定的情緒，即計(jì)算機(jī)使用者在研究中需要告知他們

的感受。故選B項(xiàng)。

34.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Theresearchersbelievetheiremotion-predictingmodelcouldpavethewayforanew

generationofemotionallyintelligentcomputersthatcantailortheirbehaviortotheuser'spsychologicalstate.（研究人員相

信，他們的情緒預(yù)測模型可以為新一代情緒智能計(jì)算機(jī)鋪平道路，這些計(jì)算機(jī)可以根據(jù)用戶的心理狀態(tài)調(diào)整他們的

行為。）”可知，本段主要介紹了研究人員對這個(gè)模型的期待一希望它能為新一代的情感智能計(jì)算機(jī)鋪路，而不是

模型本身的改進(jìn)、未來計(jì)算機(jī)用戶的特點(diǎn)或計(jì)算機(jī)用戶對模型的反應(yīng)。故選C項(xiàng)。

35.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中的"Picturethis:Yourcomputercouldsenseyouremotionsasyouworked一feelingyour

joyatcompletingatask,yourboredomduringrepetitivedataentry,oryourfrustrationwhenanerrormessagekeeps

emerging.（想象一下：你的電腦可以在你工作時(shí)感覺到你的情緒一感覺到完成任務(wù)的快樂，重復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)輸入時(shí)的無

聊，或者當(dāng)錯(cuò)誤消息不斷出現(xiàn)時(shí)的沮喪。）"和第二段"Attheforefi-ontofthiseffortisateamofFinnishscientistswho

havecreatedamodel.Themodelessentiallyputsitselfintheuser'sshoes,simulating（模擬）theseriesofactions,outcomes,

andcognitiveappraisals（認(rèn)矢口評估）thatultimatelygiverisetoemotionslikehappiness,boredom,orfrustration.（這項(xiàng)工作

的最前沿是一個(gè)芬蘭科學(xué)家團(tuán)隊(duì)，他們創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)模型。該模型本質(zhì)上是設(shè)身處地地為用戶著想，模擬一系列最終

導(dǎo)致幸福、無聊或沮喪等情緒的行為、結(jié)果和認(rèn)知評估。”'可知，本文主要介紹了芬蘭科學(xué)家設(shè)計(jì)的能夠預(yù)測人類

在使用計(jì)算機(jī)過程中所展現(xiàn)的情緒的計(jì)算機(jī)模型，這說明計(jì)算機(jī)也許能夠理解人類的情緒了。故選C項(xiàng)。

2.（2025?甘青寧三省多校高三九月聯(lián)考）

Mammoths,themassivepre-historiciceagecousinsofthemodern-dayelephant,havealwaysbeenunderstoodto

haveinhabitedpartsofBritishColumbia,butthequestionofwhenhasalwaysbeenwoolly.Now,anewstudyfromSimon

FraserUniversityhasgivenscientiststheclearestpictureyetofwhenthegiantmammals（巨型哺孚L動(dòng)物）walkedon

VancouverIsland.

AspartofSFUresearcherLauraTermes9PhDandpublishedearlierthismonthintheCanadianJournalofEarth

Sciences,thestudyexamined32suspectedmammothsamplescollectedonVancouverIsland.Ofthosesamples,just16

wereconsideredfitforradiocarbondating.

Theyoungestsamplewasfoundtobearound23,000yearsoldandtheoldestturnedouttobebeyondtherange

radiocarbondatingcouldmeasure,meaningitwasolderthan45,000years.

Priortothestudy,onlytwomammothremainsfoundonVancouverIslandhadeverbeendatedbefore.Bothlived

around21,000yearsago,sothisstudyprovidesagreaterunderstandingofwhenthemassivemammalslivedinthearea.

Termessays,"Wewereexpectingsimilarresultstothetwosamplespreviouslydated,butwhatwefoundwere

mammothsthatweremucholder.Itisfantasticthattheycouldbepreservedforthatlong.”

TermessayshavingthesupportattheRoyalBCMuseumandtheCourtenayandDistrictMuseumandPalaeontology

Centreallowingaccesstotheircollectionsisinvaluabletothestudy.

“Thisresearchhighlightstheimportantroleofmuseumcollectionsforunderstandinghowlifehasevolvedand

changedinBritishColumbia'sdeephistory,9,saysVictoriaArbour,whoworksattheRoyalBCMuseum."It'sgreattosee

mammoths9relativesintheRoyalBCMuseum'scollectionsinthespotlightthroughthisresearch.^^

""Researchersneedallthehelptheycangetbecausewhilemammothswereenormous,findingcompletesamplesin

BritishColumbiaisactuallyquiterare,“saysTermes.

28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“woolly“inparagraph1mostprobablymean?

A.Certain.B.Attractive.C.Confusing.D.Understandable.

29.Whatcanweknowaboutradiocarbondatingaccordingtothetext?

A.Mammothremainswerenotdatedbyit.

B.32suspectedmammothsampleswerefitforit.

C.Itcanexactlydatetheoldestmammothsample.

D.Itmeasuressamplesnoolderthan45,000years.

30.HowdoesTermesfeelabouttheresearchresults?

A.Excited.B.Regretful.C.Worried.D.Calm.

31.Whyaremuseumcollectionsmentionedinthetext?

A.Todiscussawaytopopularizelocalmuseums.

B.Topointoutthelimitationsofsamplingmethods.

C.Toshowcompletemammothsampleswereenormous.

D.Tostressresearchonmammothscallsforjointefforts.

【答案】28.C29.D30.A31.D

【解析】本文是一篇說明文。猛嗎象是現(xiàn)代大象的史前冰河時(shí)代的表親，人們一直認(rèn)為它們居住在不列顛哥倫比亞

省的部分地區(qū)，但時(shí)間問題總是模糊不清。如今，研究人員有了新發(fā)現(xiàn)。

28.詞句猜測題。由文章第一段"Mammoths,themassivepre-historiciceagecousinsofthemodern-dayelephant,have

alwaysbeenunderstoodtohaveinhabitedpartsofBritishColumbia,butthequestionofwhenhasalwaysbeenwoolly.Now,

anewstudyfromSimonFraserUniversityhasgivenscientiststheclearestpictureyetofwhenthegiantmammals（巨型哺

乳動(dòng)物）walkedonVancouverIsland.（猛雞象是現(xiàn)代大象在史前冰河時(shí)代的表親，人們一直認(rèn)為它們在不列顛哥倫比

亞省的部分地區(qū)有棲息地，但具體是什么時(shí)候的問題一直很woolly?，F(xiàn)在，西蒙弗雷澤大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)新研究為科學(xué)家

們提供了迄今為止最清晰的畫面，即巨型哺乳動(dòng)物何時(shí)在溫哥華島行走。）”可知，關(guān)于猛雞象何時(shí)在溫哥華島生存

的問題一直是模糊的，因此woolly在此處表示“令人困惑的”。A.Certain當(dāng)然；B.Attractive吸引人的；C.Confusing

令人困惑的；D.Understandable可以理解的。故選C。

29.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段“Theyoungestsamplewasfoundtobearound23,000yearsoldandtheoldestturnedoutto

bebeyondtherangeradiocarbondatingcouldmeasure,meaningitwasolderthan45,000years.（最年輕的樣本大約有

23000年的歷史，而最古老的樣本超出了放射性碳測年法可以測量的范圍，這意味著它的歷史超過了45000年。戶

可知，通過放射性碳定年法可以測量到的樣品最老不會(huì)超過45,000年。故選D。

30.推理判斷題。由文章第五段中的"Termessays,“Wewereexpectingsimilarresultstothetwosamplespreviouslydated,

butwhatwefoundweremammothsthatweremucholder.Itisfantasticthattheycouldbepreservedforthatlong.^^（特爾梅

斯說：“我們期待與之前確定日期的兩個(gè)樣本的結(jié)果相似，但我們發(fā)現(xiàn)的是更古老的猛嗎象。它們能被保存這么長

時(shí)間真是太棒了?？芍?，他對研究結(jié)果感到非常興奮，認(rèn)為能夠保存這么長時(shí)間的猛雞象是非常了不起的。故選

Ao

31.推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第三段中的"TermessayshavingthesupportattheRoyalBCMuseumandtheCourtenayand

DistrictMuseumandPalaeontologyCentreallowingaccesstotheircollectionsisinvaluabletothestudy.（特爾梅斯說，得

到皇家不列顛哥倫比亞省博物館、考特尼和地區(qū)博物館以及古生物學(xué)中心的支持，允許他們訪問他們的藏品，對這

項(xiàng)研究來說是無價(jià)的可知，博物館的藏品對于這項(xiàng)研究非常重要，因?yàn)椴┪镳^提供了支持和訪問其藏品的機(jī)會(huì)。

因此，博物館藏品在文章中被提及是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)猛嗎象的研究需要各方的共同努力。故選D。

3.（2025?福建省寧德市蕉城區(qū)寧德第一中學(xué)高三一模）WhenIteachresearchmethods,amajorfocusispeer

review.Asaprocess,peerreviewevaluatesacademicpapersfortheirquality,integrityandimpactonafield,largely

shapingwhatscientistsacceptas“knowledge”-Byinstinct,anyacademicfollowsupanewideawiththequestion,€tWas

thatpeerreviewed?^^

AlthoughIbelieveintheimportanceofpeerreviewandIhelpdopeerreviewsforseveralacademicjournals-Iknow

howvulnerabletheprocesscanbe.

IhadmyfirstencounterwithpeerreviewduringmyfirstyearasaPh.Dstudent.Oneday,myadviserhandedmean

essayandtoldmetohavemy-writtenreviewbacktohiminaweek.Butatthetime,Icertainlywasnota"peer"-Iwas

toonewinmyfield.Manipulateddata（不實(shí)的數(shù)據(jù)）orsubstandardmethodscouldeasilyhavegoneundetected.

Knowledgeisnotself-evident.Onlyexpertswouldbeabletonoticethem,andeventhen,expertsdonotalwaysagreeon

whattheynotice.

LefssayinmylifeIonlyseewhiteswans.MaybeIwriteanessay,concludingthatallswansarewhite.Anda"peer”

says,"Waitaminute,I'veseenblackswans."Iwouldhavetorefinemyknowledge.

Thepeerplaysakeyroleevaluatingobservationswiththeoverallgoalofadvancingknowledge.Forexample,ifthe

abovestorywerereversed,andpeerreviewerswhoallbelievedthatallswanswerewhitecameacrossthefirststudy

observingablackswan,thestudywouldreceivealotofattention.

Sowhywasafirst-yeargraduatestudentgettingtostandinforanexpert?Whywouldmyreviewcountthesameas

anexperfsreview?Oneanswer:Theprocessreliesalmostentirelyonunpaidlabor.

Despitethefactthatpeersareprofessionals,peerreviewisnotaprofession.Asaresult,thesameover-worked

scholarsoftenreceivemassesofthepeerreviewrequests.Besidesthelaborinequity,asmallpoolofexpertscanleadtoa

narrowedprocessofwhatispublishableorwhatcountsasknowledge,directlythreateningdiversityofperspectivesand

scholars.Withoutalargeenoughreviewerpool,theprocesscaneasilyfallvictimtobiases,arisingfromasmallcommunity

recognizingeachother5sworkandcompromisingconflictsofinterest.

Despitethesechallenges,Istilltellmystudentsthatpeerreviewoffersthebestmethodforevaluatingstudiesand

advancingknowledge.Asaprocess,peerreviewtheoreticallyworks.Thequestioniswhethertheissueswithpeerreview

canbeaddressedbyprofessionalizingthefield.

32.Whatcanwelearnaboutpeerreviewinthefirstparagraph?

A.Itgeneratesknowledge.B.Itiscommonlypracticed.

C.Itisamajorresearchmethod.D.Itisquestionedbysomescientists.

33.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheexampleofswans?

A.Complexityofpeerreviewensuresitsreliability.

B.Contradictionsbetweenscientistsmaybebalanced.

C.Individualscanbelimitedbypersonalexperiences.

D.Expertsshoulddetectunscientificobservationmethods.

34.Whatistheauthor'smajorconcernaboutpeerreview?

A.Workloadforscholars.B,Toughnessoftheprocess.

C?Diversificationofpublications.D.Financialsupporttoreviewers.

35.Thepassageismainlyabout

A.whatfuelspeerreviewB.whypeerreviewisimperfect

C.hownewhandsadvancepeerreviewD.whetherpeerreviewersareunderrated

【答案】32.B33.C34.D35.B

【解析】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是作者對于同行評議不完美的原因的分析。

32.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段"Byinstinct,anyacademicfollowsupanewideawiththequestion,atWasthatpeer

reviewed?”（出于本能，任何學(xué)者在提出新想法后都會(huì)問：“這個(gè)想法經(jīng)過同行評議了嗎？"廣可知，從第一段中我們

可以了解到同行評議是普遍的做法。故選B。

33.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段"Let'ssayinmylifeIonlyseewhiteswans.MaybeIwriteanessay,concludingthatallswans

arewhite.Anda"peer"says,“Waitaminute,Tveseenblackswans."Iwouldhavetorefinemyknowledge.（比方說，在我

的生活中，我只看到白天鵝。也許我可以寫一篇文章，總結(jié)說所有的天鵝都是白色的。一個(gè)“同伴”說，“等一下，我

見過黑天鵝?！蔽业猛晟莆业闹R(shí)。）”可知，從天鵝的例子可以推斷出個(gè)人可能會(huì)受到個(gè)人經(jīng)歷的限制。故選C。

34.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Theprocessreliesalmostentirelyonunpaidlabor.（這個(gè)過程幾乎完全依賴于無償勞

動(dòng)力o）”和倒數(shù)第二段“Asaresult,thesameover-workedscholarsoftenreceivemassesofthepeerreviewrequests.（結(jié)果，

同樣是那些過度勞累的學(xué)者經(jīng)常收到大量的同行評審請求。）”可知，作者對同行評議的主要擔(dān)憂是對評審的財(cái)政支

持。故選D。

35.主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第二段“AlthoughIbelieveintheimportanceofpeerreviewandIhelpdopeerreviews

forseveralacademicjournals-Iknowhowvulnerabletheprocesscanbe.（雖然我相信同行評議的重要性，我也為幾家學(xué)

術(shù)期刊做同行評議，但我知道這個(gè)過程有多脆弱。）”可知，本文主要講的是作者對于同行評議不完美的原因的分析，

因此B選項(xiàng)“whypeerreviewisimperfect（為什么同行評議是不完美的）”是本文的主旨。故選B。

4.（2025?全國名校協(xié)作體高三上學(xué)期10月聯(lián)考）Inhighereducation,wheremeritocracy（任人唯賢）and

objectivityarehighlyvalued,onemightassumethatthealphabeticalorderofstudents5surnamesplaysnorolein

determiningtheiracademicsuccess.However,recentresearchsuggestsotherwise.

AstudyconductedbyresearchersattheUniversityofMichigan,analyzingover30milliongradingrecords,revealsa

surprisingfinding:studentswithsurnamesthatappearearlierinthealphabettendtoreceivehighergradescomparedtotheir

counterpartswithlateralphabeticalplacements.Thisbiasisparticularlystrikinginlargeclassesorcourseswhere

assignmentsaresubmitteddigitallythroughplatformslikeCanvas,awidelyusedonlinelearningmanagementsystem.

Systemslikethistypicallyarrangestudentsubmissionsalphabeticallybydefault（系統(tǒng)默認(rèn)）.Asaresult,studentswith

surnamestowardstheendofthealphabet,suchasthosestartingwithYorZ,tendtoreceivelowergradesonaverage

comparedtotheirpeerswithsurnamesfromthebeginningofthealphabet.

Thisphenomenonisattributedtoaneffectknownas"'sequentialgradingbias”,whichreferstoanunintentional

advantageordisadvantagethatstudentsmayfaceduetotheorderinwhichtheirworkisevaluated.Forexample,job

interviewcandidateswhoareinterviewedlaterinthedaymayberatedmoreharshlycomparedtothosewhowentearlier.In

thecontextofalphabeticalordering,instructorsoftenbegingradingfromthetopofthelist,wheresurnamesstartingwith

letterslikeAorBappear.Thisinitialadvantagecanunintentionallyinfluencegradingpatterns,whereearlypapersmight

receivemorefavorableassessmentscomparedtothoseevaluatedlater.However,theexamsthataregradedinthereverse

orderinwhichtheyaresubmittedmayshowanoppositetrend.

Educationalinstitutionsandpolicymakersareencouragedtoexplorealternativegradingstrategiesthatmitigate

alphabeticalbiases.Suggestionsincluderandomizedgradingorders,namelesssubmissions,ordeliberateeffortsto

counteractfirstimpressionsthroughdiverseevaluationcriteria.Byaddressingthesebiasesproactively,institutionscan

fosterfairerandmoreinclusivelearningenvironmentswherestudentperformanceisevaluatedimpartiallybasedonmerit

ratherthansurnameplacement.

32.WhydoestheauthormentionCanvasinthecontextofthestudy?

A.Topromotetheuseofdigitalplatformsforacademicpurposes.

B.Tohighlightthepopularityofonlinelearningmanagementsystems.

C.Toemphasizetheimpactofdigitallearningplatformsongradingbiases.

D.Todemonstratethediversegradingstandardsofdigitallearningplatforms.

33.Inthelastparagraph,whatdoestheunderlinedword“mitigate"mean?

A.Complicate.

B.Simplify.

C.Fuel.

D.Reduce.

34.Accordingtothetext,onesuggestedalternativegradingstrategyshouldbebasedon.

A.thestudenfssurname

B.randomgradingsequence

C.randomfirstimpression

D.thestudenfssubmissiontime

35.Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleforthispassage?

A.InequalityIssuesviaDigitalLearningSystems

B.StrategiesforOvercomingBiasinGradingSystems

C.UnintendedConsequencesofAlphabeticalGrading

D.TheCauseofSequentialGradingonStudentPerformance

【答案】32.C33.D34.B35.C

【解析】這是一篇說明文。研究人員驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)：與按字母順序排列較晚的學(xué)生相比，姓氏在字母表中出現(xiàn)較早的

學(xué)生往往獲得更高的成績。

32.推理判斷題。由文章第二段“Thisbiasisparticularlystrikinginlargeclassesorcourseswhereassignmentsare

submitteddigitallythroughplatformslikeCanvas,awidelyusedonlinelearningmanagementsystem.Systemslikethis

typicallyarrangestudentsubmissionsalphabeticallybydefault（系統(tǒng)默認(rèn)）.Asaresult,studentswithsurnamestowardsthe

endofthealphabet,suchasthosestartingwithYorZ,tendtoreceivelowergradesonaverage（這種偏見在通過Canvas等

廣泛使用的在線學(xué)習(xí)管理系統(tǒng)以數(shù)字方式提交作業(yè)的大班或課程中尤為明顯。默認(rèn)情況下，這樣的系統(tǒng)通常按字母

順序排列學(xué)生提交的內(nèi)容。因此，姓氏在字母表末尾的學(xué)生，如以Y或Z開頭的學(xué)生，平均成績往往較低戶可知，

作者在研究中提到了Canvas,以強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)字學(xué)習(xí)平臺(tái)對評分偏差的影響。故選C項(xiàng)。

33.詞句猜測題。由最后——段“Educationalinstitutionsandpolicymakersareencouragedtoexplorealternativegrading

strategiesthatmitigatealphabeticalbiases.（鼓勵(lì)教育機(jī)構(gòu)和政策制定者探索_字母偏差的替代評分策略。）”以及上文可

知,現(xiàn)在在線學(xué)習(xí)管理系統(tǒng)存在評分偏差問題，所以這里希望有新的平臺(tái)可以“減少”這種字母偏差。所以猜測mitigate

表“減少”的意思。故選D項(xiàng)。

34.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章最后一段"Suggestionsincluderandomizedgradingorders,namelesssubmissions,ordeliberate

effortstocounteractfirstimpressionsthroughdiverseevaluationcriteria.（建議包括隨機(jī)評分順序、匿名提交或通過不同

的評估標(biāo)準(zhǔn)刻意抵消第一印象。廠可知，一種對現(xiàn)在評分策略替代的建議是按照隨機(jī)序列評分。故選B項(xiàng)。

35.主旨大意題。由第二段“AstudyconductedbyresearchersattheUniversityofMichigan,analyzingover30million

gradingrecords,revealsasurprisingfinding:studentswithsurnamesthatappearearlierinthealphabettendtoreceive

highergradescomparedtotheircounterpartswithlateralphabeticalplacements.（密歇根大學(xué)的研究人員進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)研究

分析了3000多萬條評分記錄，揭示了一個(gè)令人驚訝的發(fā)現(xiàn)：與按字母順序排列較晚的學(xué)生相比，姓氏在字母表中

出現(xiàn)較早的學(xué)生往往獲得更高的成績。）”以及上下文可知，文章主要講研究人員驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)與按字母順序排列較晚

的學(xué)生相比，姓氏在字母表中出現(xiàn)較早的學(xué)生往往獲得更高的成績。所以C項(xiàng)UnintendedConsequencesof

AlphabeticalGrading（按字母順序評分的意外結(jié)果）符合文意。故選C項(xiàng)。

5.（2025?貴州遵義市高三第一次適應(yīng)性）

Formillionsofyears,bees,mothsandotherpollinatorshaveusedscents（香氣）tolocateflowersandtransferpollen（花

粉）toanyflowerstheylatervisit.Butsomethingischangingtoday.Whenthescentsofflowersinteractwithcertainair

pollutants（污染物）atnight,keyscentsaredestroyed.Mothsandothernighttimepollinatorsmayfindithardtorecognizethe

flowerstheywereseeking,researchersshow.

TheSeattleteamconductedfieldandlabtestswithaplant——thepaleeveningprimrose.EcologistJeremyChanputbags

overpaleeveningprimrosestotraptheflowers5scent.Thenhetookthescentbacktothelab,alongwithsomemoths.They

releasedtheprimrosescentandmothsintoawindtunnelthatcouldmimicconditionsinanoutdoorfield.Atonce,they

watchedthemothseasilyflyingstraightupwindandtrackingthescent.Butitwasdifferentwhenpollutants,likeozoneand

nitrogendioxide,wereaddedtothemix.Now,themothsflewinaline.Theyseemedtobeseekingthescent-often

withoutsuccess.

Theteamthendecidedtotestitsfindingsinnatureatnight.Theresultwasthesame.Whenthisscentwasmixedwiththe

pollutants,moths'visitsdropped.Somemothsevenneverfoundasingleflowerduringthetests.Besides,thesamereactions

couldhurtflowers5scentsbyday.Butbecausesunlightcanbreakdownozone,theproblemisHkelymoreseriousfornight

pollinators.

AsEarth'sclimatewarms,ifslikelythatamixofpollutantswillcontinuetoclimb.Suchconditionscouldworsenthe

pollutionthreattoflowers9scentsandplantpollination.C6Asweknow,pollinationisimportanttofoodgrowers”,notedJoel

Thornton.He'sanatmosphericscientistintheteam.Hesaidpollutioncouldposeanewtypeofthreattofarming.

8.Whydomothshavetroublefindingoutflowerstoday?

A.Flowers5scentsinterruptmoth.B.Pollutantsaffectflowers9scents.

C.Flowersarenotavailableatnight.D.Flowersarechangingtheirscents.

9.Howdidtheresearchersgetthefindings?

ABymonitoringmoths'behaviors.B.Bydetectingtheprimrosescent.

C.Byanalyzingthetypesofpollutants.D.Bycomparingscentswithpollutants.

10.WhatdidJoelThorntonthinkofthefindings?

A.Amusing.B.Promising.C.Satisfying.D.Worrying.

11.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Pollinators:LostinPollutantsB.Scents:GonewiththeWind.

C.Pollinators:MasterofaGarden.D.Scents:Nature'sSecretLanguage.

【答案】8.B9.A10.D11.A

【解析】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了最新的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，空氣中的污染物會(huì)對花的香味造成一定的影響,

從而影響蜜蜂、飛蛾等授粉者尋找花源。調(diào)查研究者認(rèn)為該現(xiàn)象同時(shí)會(huì)對農(nóng)業(yè)造成一定的影響。

8.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第——段“Whenthescentsofflowersinteractwithcertainairpollutants（污染物）atnight,keyscents

aredestroyed.（當(dāng)花朵的氣味在夜間與某些空氣污染物相互作用時(shí)，關(guān)鍵的氣味就會(huì)被破壞）”可知，某些空氣污染物

與花香相互作用后，一些關(guān)鍵的香氣就會(huì)受損，從而導(dǎo)致使授粉者很難找到花源。故選B?

9.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Atonce,theywatchedthemothseasilyflyingstraightupwindandtrackingthescent.Butit

wasdifferentwhenpollutants,likeozoneandnitrogendioxide,wereaddedtothemix.（他們立亥!］看至（J飛蛾輕松地逆風(fēng)飛行，

追蹤氣味。但當(dāng)臭氧和二氧化氮等污染物加入到混合物中時(shí)，情況就不同了）”以及“Now,themothsflewina"Z”line.

Theyseemedtobeseekingthescent—oftenwithoutsuccess4現(xiàn)在，飛蛾排成"Z"字形飛行。它們似乎在尋找氣味，但

往往沒有成功）”可知，研究者們通過觀察在有無污染物的環(huán)境中，飛蛾飛行行為的變化，從而確定污染物對飛蛾授

粉的影響。故選A。

10.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“"Asweknow,pollinationisimportanttofoodgrowers”,notedJoelThornton.He'san

atmosphericscientistintheteam.Hesaidpollutioncouldposeanewtypeofthreattofarming4“我們知道，授粉對糧食種

植者很重要，”喬爾?桑頓指出。他是團(tuán)隊(duì)里的大氣科學(xué)家。他說，污染可能對農(nóng)業(yè)構(gòu)成一種新的威脅）”可知，研究

團(tuán)隊(duì)擔(dān)心空氣中的污染物質(zhì)會(huì)對農(nóng)業(yè)造成威脅，從而影響收成。故選D。

11.A主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Formillionsofyears,bees,mothsandotherpollinatorshaveusedscents（香氣）tolocate

flowersandtransferpollen（花粉）toanyflowerstheylatervisit.Butsomethingischangingtoday.Whenthescentsofflowers

interactwithcertainairpollutants（污染物）atnight,keyscentsaredestroyed.Mothsandothernighttimepollinatorsmayfind

ithardtorecognizetheflowerstheywereseeking,researchersshow.（數(shù)百萬年來，蜜蜂、飛蛾和其他傳粉媒介利用氣味

來定位花朵，并將花粉傳遞給它們以后訪問的任何花朵。但今天有些事情正在發(fā)生變化。當(dāng)花朵的氣味在夜間與某

些空氣污染物相互作用時(shí)，關(guān)鍵的氣味就會(huì)被破壞。研究人員表示，飛蛾和其他夜間傳粉媒介可能很難識(shí)別它們正

在尋找的花朵）”結(jié)合這篇文章中的研究對象為授粉者，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)空氣中的污染物會(huì)對花的香味造成一定的影響，從

而影響蜜蜂、飛蛾等授粉者尋找花源。A選項(xiàng)“傳粉者：消失在污染物中”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選A。

6.（2025?貴州遵義市高三第一次適應(yīng)性）

Inthelastfewdecades,scientistshavemadeenormousbreakthroughsinunderstandinghowourbrainsworkby

monitoringtheminrealtimewithfMRIandPETscanners.Whenpeoplearehookeduptothesemachines,tasks,suchas

readingordoingmathproblems,eachhavecorrespondingareasofthebrainwhereactivitiescanbeobserved.Butwhen

researchersgottheparticipantstolistentomusic,theysawfireworks.Someareasoftheirbrainswerelightingupatonce,as

theyprocessedthesound,tookitaparttounderstandelementslikemelodyandrhythm,andthenputitallbacktogetherinto

combinedmusicalexperience.

Yetwhenscientiststurnedfromobservingthebrainsofmusiclistenerstothoseofmusicians,thelittlebackyard

fireworksbecameamassivecelebration.Itturnsoutthatplayingmusicissimilartoafull-bodyworkout.Playingamusical

instrumentengagespracticallyeveryareaofthebrainatonce,especiallythevisual,auditory,andmotorcortices（大月齒皮層）.

Themostobviousdifferencebetweenlisteningtomusicandplayingit