完形填空說(shuō)明文20篇-2024高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)專練（含答案及解析）（新高考版）

專題20完形填空說(shuō)明文狂刷20篇

基礎(chǔ)版

Passage1

Anxiousexamcandidates5problemistherun-uporpreparation,nottheexamitself.

Examsarealwaystenseandworrying,especiallyforthoseofananxiouspersonality.The

silenceofthehall;the]oftheclock;thecontentexpressionofthepersonatthe

neighbouringdesk.Itthereforeseems2surprisingthatthosewhoworryabouttestsdo

systematically3thanthosewhodonot.Unexpectedly,accordingtoaresearchin

PsychologicalSciencebyMariaTheobald,itisnotthepressureoftheexamwhichcausesthe

problem.Itisthe4pressure.

WhatDrTherobaldfoundwasthat5onthedayofthetestdidnotpredictexam

performanceatall.Whatpredicteditwasthelevelofknowledgeastudent6intheearlier

learningactivitiesanddisplayedinthemock（模擬）exam.Thosewho7wellinthese

alsodidwellintherealthing,8howanxioustheywereontheday.Whatactually9

studentswerehighlevelsofanxietyduringtheweeksbeforetheexamtookplace.Thegreatera

studenfsanxietyinthedaysbeforetheexam,thelowerhisorherknowledge-gainwasduringthat

period,leavingthatstudentwithlessmaterialto10duringtheexamitself.

Thisisapositivediscovery,11itsuggeststheanxiousmightachievebetterresultby

adjustingtheirapproachwhenrevising.Dr.Theobaldnotesthattest-anxietyisatitsworstwhen

studentshavelow12ofsuccessandatthesametimeknowthatpassingtheexamis

13important.Toreducethisanxiety,sheproposesa14forstudentstoconsideras

theyrevise.First,theycanraisetheirbeliefintheirownabilitiesbyremindingthemselvesofjust

howmuchtheyknow.Second,theycan15thesignificanceofthetestbyreminding

themselvesthat,whileitisimportant,itisnotalifeordeathsituation.Itreallyisn't.

1.A.swingingB.tickingC.droppingD.ringing

2.A.slightlyB.basicallyC.hardlyD,completely

3.A.worseB.betterC.lessD.higher

4.A.presentationB.memoryC.revisionD.time

5.A.atmosphereB.expressionC.outcomeD.anxiety

6.A.preparedB.forgotC.gainedD.increased

7.A.performedB.respondedC.behavedD.activated

8.A.becauseofB.asforC.exceptforD.regardlessof

9.A.tookbackB.heldbackC.pushedbackD.broughtback

10.A.recordB.reviewC.reciteD.reproduce

11.A.forB.thoughC.andD.if

12.A.spiritsB.attitudeC.expectationD.ideas

13.A.immediatelyB.anxiouslyC.approximatelyD.extremely

14.A.theoryB.strategyC.planD.decision

15.A.decreaseB.enhanceC.realizeD.recognize

Passage2

Thepartoftheenvironmentalmovementthatdrawsmyfirm'sattentionisthedesignof

buildings.Today,thousandsofpeoplecometo16buildingconferences,andtheideathat

buildingscanbegoodforpeopleandtheenvironmentwillbeincreasingly17inyearsto

come.Backin1984wediscoveredthatmostmanufacturedproductsfordecorationweren't

designedfor18use.The“energy-efficient“sealedcommercialbuildingsconstructed

afterthe1970senergycrisis19indoorairqualityproblemscausedbymaterialssuchas

paint,wallcoveringandcarpet.Sofor20years,we'vebeenlookingforwaystomakethese

materials20forpeopleandtheplanet.

Homebuilderscannowusematerials,suchasgreenpaints,thatreleasesignificantly

21amountsofchemicalcompounds,whichpeoplebelievedon't22thequalityof

theair.23,ourbasicdesignstrategyisfocusednotsimplyonbeing“l(fā)essbad“buton

creating24healthfulmaterialsthatcanbeeithersafelyreturnedtothesoilor25

byindustryagainandagain.Forexample,theworld'slargestcarpetmanufacturerhasalready

26acarpetthatisfullyandsafelyrecyclable.

Lookatitthisway:noone27tocreateabuildingthatdestroytheplanet.Butour

currentindustrialsystemsarebasicallycausingtheseconditions,whetherwelikeitornot.

So28ofsimplytryingtoreducethedamage,weare29apositiveapproach.

We'regivingpeoplehigh-quality,healthfulproductsandanopportunitytomakechoicesthathave

a30effectontheworld.Itisnotjustthebuildingindustry,either.Entirecitiesaretaking

theseenvironmentallypositiveapproachestodesign,planningandbuilding.

16.A.commercialB.greenC.traditionalD.simple

17.A.efficientB.changeableC.influentialD.effective

18.A.relevantB.indoorC.flexibleD.forward

19.A.revealedB.displayedC.exhibitedD.discovered

20.A.carefulB.comfortableC.stableD.safe

21.A.reducedB.revisedC.delayedD.defined

22.A.destroyB.denyC.dissolveD.depress

23.A.AnywayB.BesidesC.AnyhowD.However

24.A.exactlyB.completelyC.partiallyD.superficially

25.A.restoredB.regainC.reusedD.retain

26.A.developedB.stretchedC.researchedD.constructed

27.A.setsoffB.setsaboutC.setsoutD.setsup

28.A.insteadB.becauseC.outD.regardless

29.A.adjustingB.adoptingC.adaptingD.admitting

30.A.functionalB.sensibleC.beneficialD.precious

Passage3

Thehistoryofhumanbeingsisnaturallyaprocesstopursuehappiness,whichistheultimate

purposeoflife.Happinessmakesuscopewithourcareersenergeticallyandharmoniselife

31.However,theword“pursue“evidencesthathappinessislikeahorizon（地平線），whenwe

movefurther,it32away.

Obviously,defininghappinesshas33mankindforthousandsofyearsbecause

individualsallhavetheirown34and,morecritically,humandesiresarealmostlimitless.

35isthecommonstandardforhappinessofmerchants,yettheirdreamsofbeingbillionaires

andevenzillionairesalwaysfollowthefulfilmentsofthedreamsofbeingmillionaires.The

processofstrugglingformay-behappinessalwaysendsinmust-be36.Thus,the

definitionofhappinesscanhardlybe37.

Nevertheless,althoughhappinessisindefinable,itisstilleasyforustofindthe38

examplesofhappypeople,who,infact,sharethreefeaturesincommon:optimisticmentality,

39body,andstableincome.Itisapparentthatmostofthesufferingsare40by

externalsurroundingsandtheyarenearlyunavoidable.Thus,onecanonlychangehismentalityto

41them.Meanwhile,withouthealthonecannotsustainhappinesstoenjoythe42of

life.

Furthermore,toberealistic,abeggar,whilestrugglinginpoverty,canneverbeaspeacefulas

amillionaire43onthePacificocean.Hence,stableincomeisalsosignificantfor

achievinghappiness.

Tosummarise,todefinehappinesswillnotbesohardifhumanscanunderstandhappinessin

astandardwayandeliminate（消滅）their44totally.However,beforetherealisationof

this45,beingoptimistic,healthy,andfinanciallyindependentmaybethe"keys"to

happiness.

31.A.instantlyB.optimisticallyC.permanentlyD.definitely

32.A.givesB.breaksC.backsD.puts

33.A.helpedB.changedC.confusedD.interrupted

34.A.interpretationsB.compositionsC.solutionsD.options

35.A.FameB.HealthC.LibertyD.Wealth

36.A.dissatisfactionB.sacrificeC.motivationD.success

37.A.copiedB.settledC.expectedD.expanded

38.A.uniqueB.walkingC.rareD.running

39.A.weakB.slimC.soundD.large

40.A.broughtaboutB.heldbackC.cutdownD.pulledup

41.A.findB.graspC.testD.clear

42.A.luxuryB.cycleC.outcomeD.sunshine

43.A.singingB.livingC.sailingD.flying

44.A.greedB.fearC.dreamD.poverty

45.A.valueB.goalC.causeD.potential

Passage4

'Guilty'Pleasures?NoSuchThing

Weknowthemwhenweseethem:TheTVshowsandmovieswelove,eventhoughwejust

knowthey5rebad.Thetrashybookswesimplycan't46.Theawfulearwormswehateto

love.

Yes,theseareourguiltypleasures-whatsomepeopleconsiderthe47foodinour

mediadiets.Butifweenjoythem,whyshouldwefeel48?Weshouldbefreetoenjoy

whateverwelike!Andasitturnsout,theseso-called“guilty“pleasurescanactuallybegoodfor

us,solongasthey'reenjoyedin49.

Takingamentalbreakandenjoyingsomethingthatdoesn'trequireintenseintellectual

50getsusoutofproblem-solvingmode,saidRobinNabi,aprofessorofcommunicationat

theUniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara,whospecializesinmediaeffectsandemotion.Itcan

alsoimproveourabilitytoproductivelydealwithstressorsandhelpus51more

positivelywithotherpeople.

Ifthafstrue,thenwhydoguiltypleasuresgetsuchabad52?Well,ifsnotthe

addictionitself,butthe53wehavewhentalkingaboutthem.However,accordingto

expertslikeDr.Nabi,feelingguiltyaboutordisparaging（貶彳氐）activitiesweenjoycan54

thebenefitstheyofferuswhilegettingridofself-imposed（自我強(qiáng)力口的）embarrassmentaboutour

interestscanbeempoweringandenrichoursociallives,whichiswhyit'stimetoremove“guilty

pleasure^^fromourcollective55.

Oneimportantvalueofaguiltypleasureisthebonditcancreatebetweenpeople.t6These

showsareoutthereforareason-they'reresonating（產(chǎn)生共鳴的）Dr.Nabisaid.Headded

thattheconnectionswemakewithotherswhoshareourinterestsinsuchthings"isnottobe

56:'

57,talkingaboutwhatweenjoycaneaseanyremainingguiltandmakesiteasierto

discovermorethingsthatbringuspleasure.Beingabletotalk58aboutwhatweloveis

morethanjustawaytospendthetime.Afterall,ifyoudon'tfeellikeyoucanbehonestabout

whatTVpleasesyou,thenwhatelseareyou59yourselfandothers.

Still,ifsbesttofollowtheage-oldadviceourparentstaughtus:Everythinginmoderation.

Thoughguiltcanenhancepleasureinsomecases,itcanalsopushustoindulge（沉溺）in60

wefeelguiltyaboutinothers.

46.A.turndownB.takeinC.tearapartD.putdown

47.A.junkB.sugaryC.spiritualD.transformative

48.A.relaxedB.guiltyC.helplessD.alert

49.A.massB.moderationC.minimumD.depression

50.A.focusB.superiorityC.qualityD.development

51.A.struggleB.chargeC.engageD.persevere

52.A.breakupB.principleC.conditionD.reputation

53.A.consciousnessB.obligationC.attitudesD.requirements

54.A.switchB.receiveC.claimD.decrease

55.A.vocabularyB.experienceC.recognitionD.target

56.A.establishedB.underestimatedC.foundD.strengthened

57.A.InadditionB.OnthecontraryC.AllinallD.Therefore

58.A.enthusiasticallyB.casuallyC.openly

D.politely

59.A.drivingawayB.insistingonC.pushingforwardD.keepingfrom

60.A.theoriesB.behaviorsC.problemsD.relationships

Passage5

“Challenge-basedlearningisoftenfocusedonthechallengesthathaveglobalimpact.The

students,who61thechallenge,oftendon'tknowwhatthesolutionwillbe.The

facilitatoriskeepingthemfrom62asolutiontooearly,andencouragestoanalyzethe

challengefrommultiplepointsofview,andfromdifferentscientificperspectives,saysVilma

Sukacke,aresearcheratKaunasUniversityofTechnology（KTU）,Lithuania.

Suchalearningapproachisveryfittingtosustainabilityeducation,which,accordingto

variousscholars,63acontextual,problem-oriented,reflective,interdisciplinary（跨學(xué)科）,

collaborative,participatoryandempoweredlearningenvironment.Inotherwords,educatorshave

to64frommoretraditionalteacher-centrededucationtobecominginstructional

designersofstudent-centrededucation.

Aimingtoevaluatethe65ofsuchapproaches,agroupofresearchersfrom

Lithuanian,Danish,German,PortugueseandSpanishuniversitiesconductedasystematic

literaturereview,66thethreeactivelearningmethods,i.e..project,problemand

challenge-basedlearningaccordingtotheADDIE(analysis,design,development,implementation,

andevaluation)framework.

67theeducatorsagreethatproblem-basedlearning(PBL),project-basedlearning

(PJBL)and,morerecently,challenge-basedlearning(CBL)areefficientinteachingthestudents

to68technologyinreal-lifesituationsandimprovingtheirtransversal(橫向)skills,

suchasteamwork,communicationandconflictresolution,theapplicationofthesemethodsinthe

classroommaybechallengingforbothsides.

“Inmypractice,Ihavenoticedthatsometimesstudentsare69innovativelearning

methodsandareconsideringthemasasortofagame.Astheseclassesoftentakeplaceinaplay

fullenvironment,fullofdifferentpencils,colorfulnotesandbuildingblocks,ifsdifficultforthe

studentstotakethem70.Therefore,it'sveryimportantto71themethodsand

thegoalstothelearnersveryclearly,9,saysProfessorSaulePetronienefromKTUFacultyof

SocialSciences,ArtsandHumanities,aco-authorofthestudy.

Accordingtoher,tosuccessfullyapplyunconventionalteachingmethodsisachallengefora

beginningteacher.However,thiseffort72,especiallywhenstudentscontinuetheir

activitiesoutsideschoolandfocusonsolving73socialproblems.

Researchersbelievethatthe74ofCBL,PJBL,andPBLrequiresaparadigm(范式)

shift,whereorganization,staffandstudentschangetheirviewtoeducationandlearning.Inthis

process,bothteachersandstudentsneedtoapplynewskillsand__75rolesthattheymight

nothaveneededbefore.

61.A.allowB.introduceC.acceptD,expect

62.A.carryingonB.focusingonC.applyingforD.inquiringabout

63.A.caresaboutB.tellsofC.turnstoD.callsfor

64.A.shiftB.differC.sufferD.learn

65.A.outcomeB.efficiencyC.impactD.value

66.A.exploringB.applyingC.modifyingD.explaining

67.A.WhetherB.AslongasC.AlthoughD.Because

68.A.developB.includeC.associateD.integrate

69.A.approvingB.questioningC.preventingD.adopting

70.A.affectionatelyB.calmlyC.seriouslyD.coolly

71.A.transferB.changeC.communicateD.express

72.A.paysoffB.goesawayC.givesoffD.breaksdown

73.A.subjectiveB.realC.imaginaryD.virtual

74.A.combinationB.organizationC.realizationD,cooperation

75.A.takeonB.putawayC.sendforD.dealwith

Passage6

Haveyoueverhadasongstuckinyourheadand,nomatterhowhardyoutried,youcould

notgetridofit?Thesongplayedonandon,whetheryouwereloadingthedishwasher,weavingin

andoutoftraffic,orattemptingto76yourmindatthestartofyogaclass.

Havingasongstuckinone'shead,knownasanearworm,isanexperiencethatover90%of

ushaveona77basis.We'remorelikelytocatchanearwormafterwestopfocusing,in

momentswhentheworkingmemoryis78,whenwe'rerelaxed,whenworkisfinishedor

whenwe'reabitsleepy.

Certainsongsare79thanothers,andsomorelikelyto“autorepeat“inyourhead.

Therearecertainmusicalcharacteristicsthatmakesongsmorelikelytobecomeearworms,such

asifthepieceisrepetitive,ifthereisalongerdurationofcertainnotes,if80betweenthe

notesaresmaller.81,weknowthatmoodcanhaveanimpact,withsomepeoplereporting

thattheyalwaysgetthesameearwormwhentheyfeelgood,orpeopleexperiencingafast-tempo

earwormwhentheyare82.Andofcoursefamiliaritywithasongisakey83.

Songsthatyoudon'tknowverywellarelesslikelytopopupasearworms.

Ifyou'vehadenoughofyourearwormandneedtostopitinitstracks,youwouldbewell

warnednottotrytoblockthesongout,butratherto84acceptit.Adeterminedeffortto

blockthesongoutmayresultinthevery85ofwhatyouwant.Accordingto

psychologistDanielWegner,86thesongmaymakeyourbrainkeepplayingitoverand

overagain.Togetridofanearworm,youmaybebestservedbysimply87it,

acceptingit,andleavingitalonetoletthisphenomenonendsupweakeningitselflittlebylittle.

Somepeopletryto88themselvesfromthesong,anditworks.Youcantry

readingabook,listeningtoadifferentsongorevenplayinganinstrument.Others89

thetuneinquestion,becauseitiscommonlybelievedthatearwormsoccurwhenyouremember

onlypartofasong;hearingtheentiresongmaystopit.Neurologists（神經(jīng)學(xué)家）pointoutthatifs

recommendabletochewgumtoreducethe90ofanearwormbecausejawmovement

interfereswithmusicalmemory.However,it'simportanttonotethatthisphenomenonusually

lastslessthan24hours.

76.A.burdenB.clearC.alterD.exploit

77.A.trialB.solidC.voluntaryD.regular

78.A.inactiveB.complicatedC.dynamicD.uncertain

79.A.catchierB.slowerC.harsherD.louder

80.A.phasesB.intervalsC.rhythmsD.sessions

81.A.InsteadB.ThereforeC.OtherwiseD.Additionally

82.A.alertB.pleasedC.remoteD.rigid

83.A.criterionB.consequenceC.conceptD.contributor

84.A.readilyB.constantlyC.passivelyD.critically

85.A.oppositeB.fantasyC.emphasisedD.equivalent

86.A.integratingB.convertingC.resistingD.tolerating

87.A.interruptingB.acknowledgingC.stimulatingD.facilitating

88.A.perceiveB.isolateC.distractD.identify

89.A.seekoutB.actoutC.castoutD.knockout

90.A.proportionB.intensityC.integrityD.preference

Passage7

Hassomeoneevertoldyousomethingthatmadeyoudoubtyourownmemoryorjudgment?

Ifso,youmaybea91ofgaslighting."Gaslighting“isakindofpsychologicalabuseto

gain92overothersbypurposelymakingotherpeoplethinkthey5rewrongevenwhen

they'reright.ThetermcomesfromPatrickHamilton'splayin1938.LeadcharacterJack

ManninghamseekstoconvincehiswifeBellathatsheis93,bysayingsheisimaginingthe

dimming（變?nèi)找簦﹐fthegaslightintheirhome,whenitwasactuallyhewholoweredthebrightness

ofthelight.

Gaslightingisinitiallyusedtotalkaboutwhathappensinromanticrelationships.However,

manyindividualsalsoexperiencegaslightingatwork.94,arecentsurveyhasfoundthat58%

oftherespondentssaidtheyhaveexperiencedgaslightingatwork.It's95sincegaslighting

usuallyinvolvesapowerrelationshipandaneedtocontrolothers.Intheworkplace,the96

betweenabossandhisemployeecanbetheperfectbreeding（滋生的）groundforthistypeof

behavior.Yourbossmighttellyoutohandleanassignmentinacertainway,butwhenyoudo,he

gets97andsaysitwasn'twhathewanted.Itmakesyoufeellikeyourmemoryis98.

Inothersituations,yourbossmayexcludeyoufromameeting99andwhenyouaskhim

aboutit,hemightaccuseyouofbeingtoosensitiveinsteadofansweringyourquestiondirectly.

Inordertofindoutwhetheryourboss'sbehaviorreally100gaslightingorheisjusta

poorcommunicator,youcouldwritedownyourexperiencesandaskyourselfwhatreally

happened,whathismotivesmighthavebeen,andhowyouremotionwas101.Butalways

becarefulbecausegaslightersknowhowtoflyundertheradar（雷達(dá)）.Theyareskilledat

weakeninganemployee'sconfidenceandsenseofrealityinacleverand102way.

Toprotectyourself,attheendoftheconversationwithyourboss,repeatbackwhatyouheard

andfollowupwithane-mailrestatingthemainpoints,103theinteractionsbetweenyou

two.Butdon'tgetyourhopeshighthatthiswillautomaticallysolvetheproblem,RobinStem,

authorofTheGaslightEffect,warns,becauseifshardtogetagaslighterto104his

behaviorpattern.Ifthingsdon'timprove,youmaywanttoconsidergettingoutofthegaslighting

situationbylookingforanewposition.Itmaybeoneofthebestthingsyoucandoforyour

105well-being.

91.A.creatorB.victimC.hostD.scholar

92.A.powerB.wealthC.supportD.experience

93.A.havingfunB.feelingangryC.goingcrazyD.becomingyounger

94.A.Bycomparisons.WorsestillC.AfterallD.Infact

95.A.unsurprisingB.irrelevantC.unnecessaryD.improper

96.A.harmoniesB.dynamicsC.phasesD.replacements

97.A.annoyedB.interestedC.frightenedD.excited

98.A.visualB.painfulC.faultyD.lasting

99.A.atrandomB.forsureC.intimeD.onpurpose

100.A.recommendsB.constitutesC.escapesD.discovers

101.A.facilitatedB.affectedC.representedD.monitored

102.A.hard-to-proveB.easy-to-spotC.safe-to-learnD.tough-to-survive

103.A.interruptingB.overcomingC.abandoningD.documenting

104.A.submitB.attainC.changeD.forgive

105.A.emotionalB.physicalC.virtualD.economic

Passage8

Aninterestingstudyfoundcapuchinmonkeys（僧帽猴），likehumans,areguidedbysocial

emotions.Trypayingonemonkeywithgrapesandanotherwithcucumbersforthe106

amountofworkandyoumaybesurprisedattheresults!Themonkeywhogotthecucumberswill

probably107workingforyou.Hemayeventhrowoutthecucumbers,eventhough

monkeysareusually108toreceivethem,saysSarahBrosnan,apsychologyprofessorat

GeorgiaStateUniversity.

ThatexperimentbyBrosnanandFransdeWallpublishedin2003inNaturewasoneofthe

firsttoshowthatanimalsmayhaveanassessmentfor109一amoralsensethatmany

researcherspreviouslythoughtonlyhumanspossessed.Sincethen,manyresultshavesuggested

thatanimals-particularlythosethatdependon110fortheirsurvivalmayhaveaninborn

senseofjustice.

Socialanimals,whichareinterdependentforaliving,will111sharerewardswith

otherswhoworkedtowardthesamegoal.a4Thebuilt-insensedidn'tdevelopfirstinhumans.It's

possiblysomethingthatbeganinsocialspecies,and112tous."Brosnansaidinan

interview.

Onestudy113thatsomeanimalsparticularlytheonesthathunttogetherdivideupthe

rewards.Anotherstudyevenfindsthatanimalswilloccasionallydeliverabetterrewardtoa

partnerthantheythemselves114.InresearchbyBrosnanandhercolleaguespublishedin

AmericanJournalofPrimatology,twocapuchinmonkeyshadtoworktogethertopullaplateof

foodtotheircages.Butbeforetheybeganpulling,themonkeyshadtodecidewhichonewould

getagrapeandwhichonewouldgetanappleslice.115fightingoverthegrapeoralways

lettingtheleadingmonkeyeatit,theanimalsgenerallyvaryrolesontheway,sotheybothearned

somegrapesandsomeappleslices,Brosnanfound.Incaseswherethe116monkey

alwaysgotthegoodfood,theothermonkeywerelikelytogiveupparticipating.Moreoftenthan

not,itpreferredto117arewardthanbepaidunfairly.

AccordingtoBrosnan,thattendencytosharerewardsfairlyprobablydevelopedasaresultof

thewaycapuchinsworktogethertohunt.4<IfwearehuntingandIamnotgivingyoumuchofthe

kill,youwouldbebetterofffindinganother118Jshesays.

However,interpretinganimalbehaviorthroughhumaneyescanbe119,observes

MarcHauser,aHarvardpsychologyprofessorandevolutionarybiologist.Inthecucumber-grape

study,forexample,themonkeyscouldhave120thecucumberssimplybecausethey

wereannoyedthattheydidn'tgetagrapeoncetheysawit.

106.A.variousB.enormousC.equalD.superb

107.A.riskB.restartC.quitD.fancy

108.A.matureB.contentC.passiveD.shocked

109.A.stabilityB.reputationC.enduranceD.fairness

110.A.necessitiesB.rewardsC.emotionD.cooperation

111.A.naturallyB.barelyC.surprisinglyD.occasionally

112.A.evolvedB.communicatedC.deliveredD.ref