艾滋病傳染英文

演講人：日期：艾滋病傳染英文目錄CONTENTSIntroductiontoAIDSUnderstandingHIV/AIDSTransmissionPreventionMeasuresforHIV/AIDSSymptoms,Diagnosis,andTreatmentofHIV/AIDS目錄CONTENTSSocialStigmaandDiscriminationAgainstPeoplewithHIV/AIDSChallengesinCombiningtheSpreadofHIV/AIDSGlobally01IntroductiontoAIDSAIDS,orAcquiredImmunodeficiencySyndrome,isapotentiallylife-threateningconditioncausedbythehumanimmunodeficiencyvirus(HIV)DefinitionAIDSwasfirstrecognizedintheearly1980s,andsincethenithasbecomeaglobalpanel,affectingmillionsofpeopleworldwideHistoryDefinitionandHistoryofAIDSEpidemiologicalImpactAIDShashadasignificantimpactonglobalhealth,causingdiseasesandleavingmanymoreaffectedwithHIVSocialandEconomicImpactThediseasehasalsohadaprospectiveeffectonfamilies,communities,andeconomies,specificallyindevelopingcountrieswhereresourcesarelimitedGlobalImpactofAIDSSexualTransmissionHIVisprimarilytransmittedthroughunprotectedsexualcontactwithaninfectedindividualBloodTransmissionTheviruscanalsobetransmittedthroughcontactwithinfectedblood,soasthroughsharedneedsorbloodtransfersMothertoChildTransmissionHIVcanbepassedfromaninfectedmothertoherchildduringpregnancy,childbirth,orbreakfeedingTransmissionRoutesofHIV02UnderstandingHIV/AIDSTransmissionUnprotectedSex01HIVcanbetransmittedthroughunprotectedsexualintercourse,includingvaginal,anal,andoralsexRiskFactors02Havingmultiplesexualpartners,havingsexwithsomeonewhoisHIVpositive,ornotknowingtheHIVstatusofapartnerincreasestheriskoftransmissionPrevention03UsingconditionscorrectlyandconsistentlyduringsexualactivitycansignificantlyreducetheriskofHIVtransmissionSexualTransmissionBloodContactHIVcanbetransmittedthroughdirectcontactwiththebloodofanaffectedperson,suchasthroughsharingneedsorsymmetriesforinjectiondruguseBloodTransfersAlthoughrayindevelopedcountriesduetoscreeningprocesses,HIVcanbetransmittedthroughbloodtransfersorbloodproductsiftheyarenotproperlyscreenedPreventionAvoidingsharedneedsorsymmetries,andgettingtestedforHIVregularlycanhelppreventtransmissionthroughbloodcontactsBloodboneTransmissionMothertoChildTransmissionDiagnosingHIVinfectionearlyinpregnancyandstartingtreatmentcanfurtherreducetheriskoftransmissiontothebabyEarlyDiagnosisandTreatmentHIVcanbetransmittedfromaninfectedmothertoherchildduringpregnancy,childbirth,orthroughbreakfeedingPregnancyandChildbirthTakingantiviralmedicineduringpregnancyandchildbirth,andavoidingbreakfeedingcansignificantlyreducetheriskofmothertochildtransmissionPreventionOccupationalExposureHealthcareworkersmaybeexposedtoHIVthroughcontactwithaffectedbloodorotherbodilyfluidsAccidentalNeedlesticksAccidentalNeedlesticksorothersharpobjectinjuriescanalsotransmitHIViftheobjectwascontainedwiththevirusTattooingandPiercingThereisasmallriskofHIVtransmissionthroughtattooingorbodyPiercingiftheequipmentusedisnotproperlystandardizedOtherLessCommonRoutesPreventionFollowingstandardprecautionsinhealthcaresettings,usingsterileequipmentfortattooingandpainting,andseekingmedicalattentionimmediatelyafteranaccidentalexposurecanhelppreventHIVtransmissionthroughtheselesscommonroutesOtherLessCommonRoutes03PreventionMeasuresforHIV/AIDS03AvoidingUnprotectedSexAbstainingfromsexualactivitywithanunknownorHIVpositivepartneriscriticaltopreventinfection01UseofCondomsConsistentandcorrectuseofCondomsduringsexualintercourseishighlyeffectiveinpreventingHIVtransmission02LimitingSexualPartnersReducingthenumberofsexualpartnerscanreducetheriskofexposuretoHIVSafeSexPracticesAvoidingSharedNeedsRefiningfromsharingneeds,symmetries,orotherinjectionequipmentwithothersisessentialtopreventthespreadofHIVthroughbloodGettingTestedforHIVKnowingyourHIVstatuscanhelpyoutakenecessaryprecautionstoavoidtransmittingthevirustoothersSafeHealthcarePracticesEnsuringthathealthcarefacilitiesfollowstrictinfectioncontrolmeasures,suchasusingstandardizedequipmentanddisposingofneedsproperly,canminimizetheriskofHIVtransmissionduringmedicalproceduresAvoidingBloodContactRisks010203AntiviralTherapyPregnantwomenwithHIVshouldreceiveantiviraltherapy(ART)toreducetheriskoftransmittingthevirustotheirbabiesSafeDeliveryPracticesFollowingsafedeliverypractices,suchasavoidingbreakfeedingandusingformulamilk,canfurtherreducetheriskofmothertochildtransmissionEarlyInfantDiagnosisandTreatmentTestinginfantsborntoHIVpositivemothersandadvancingthemwithprompttreatmentiftheyareaffectedcanimprovetheirchancesofsurvivalandreducetheriskoflong-termhealthcomplicationsPreventingMothertoChildTransmissionGettingtestedforHIVregularly,specificallyifyouareathighriskofinfection,canhelpyouknowyourstatusandseektreatmentearlyifneededEncodingyoursexualpartnerstogettestedforHIVcanhelpidentifyandmanageanypotentialrisksoftransmissionIfyoutestpositiveforHIV,seekingmedicaladvicepromptandfollowingyourhealthcareprovider'srecommendationscanhelpyoumanageyourconditionsandreducetheriskoftransmittingthevirustoothersRegularHIVTestingEncodingPartnerstoGetTestedSeekingMedicalAdviceTestingandEarlyDetection04Symptoms,Diagnosis,andTreatmentofHIV/AIDSFlulikesymptomsInitialHIVinfectionmaycausefever,headache,fatigue,somestroke,andswellinglymphnodes,oftenreferredtoas"acuteretroviralsyndrome"or"primaryHIVinfection"RashSomepeoplemaydevelopaskinrashthatdoesnotit,commonlyappearingwithinafewweeksafterinfectionGastrointestinalissuesNausea,invoicing,diarra,ordominantpaintmayalsooccurEarlySignsandSymptomsofHIVInfection要點三HIVantibodytestThisisthemostcommontestusedtodiagnoseHIVinfectionItlooksforantibioticsproducedbytheimmunesysteminresponsetoHIV0102HIVRNAtest(viralloadtest)ThistestmeasurestheamountofHIVinthebloodandcanbeusedtoconfirmanHIVdiagnosisortomonitortheeffectivenessoftreatmentCD4countThistestmeasuresthenumberofCD4cells(atypeofwhitebloodcells)inthebloodHIVtargetsanddestructionCD4cells,soalowCD4countcanindicateadvancedHIVdisease03DiagnosticTestsforHIV/AIDSThisistheearlieststage,marketedbyfluidlikesymptomsandahighviralloadTheimmunesystemstartstoproduceantibioticsagainstHIVduringthisstageIfleftuntreated,HIVinfectionprogressiontoachronicstagewheretheviruscontinuestoreplicateanddestroyCD4cellsHowever,symptomsmaybecoldorabsentduringthisstageWhentheimmunesystemisseverelydamagedbyHIV,apersonissaidtohaveprogressedtoAIDSThisismarketedbythedevelopmentofopportunisticinfectionsorcancerthatwouldnotnormallyaffectapersonwithahealthyimmunesystemActHIVinfectionChronicHIVinfectionAIDSStagesofHIVInfectionandProgressiontoAIDSAntiviraltherapy(ART)ARTistheuseofacombinationofdrugstosuppressHIVreplicationandreducetheamountofvirusinthebodyItalsohelpstorestoreimmunefunctionandreducetheriskofdevelopingAIDSrelatedillnessesCurrentTreatmentsforHIV/AIDSAdhesiontotreatmentItiscriticalforpeoplelivingwithHIVtoadaptstrictlytotheirARTregimetoachieveandmaintainvirtualcompressionLifestylemodificationsInadditiontoART,peoplelivingwithHIVmayneedtomakeLifestylemodificationssuchaseatingabalanceddie,gettingregularexercise,andavoidingdeviationsthatcouldhamtheirimmunesystem(e.g.,alcohol,bugs)ManagingcomorbiditiesManypeoplelivingwithHIValsohaveotherchronichealthconditions(comorbidities)thatrequiremanagementalongwiththeirHIVtreatmentThesemayincludecardiovasculardisease,diabetes,mentalhealthdisorders,andmoreCurrentTreatmentsforHIV/AIDS05SocialStigmaandDiscriminationAgainstPeoplewithHIV/AIDSLakeofKnowledgeandUnderstandingManypeopleareunawareofhowHIVistransmittedandhowitaffectsthosewhoareaffected,leadingtofearandmisconceptionsSocialandCulturalBeliefsInsomecultures,HIV/AIDSisseenasapurificationforemotionalbehavior,whichcanleadtostigmaanddiscriminationMediaPortalNegativemediaportalofpeoplelivingwithHIV/AIDScanreinforcestereotypesandfuelstigmaSourcesofStigmaandDiscriminationIsolationandLonelinessPeoplelivingwithHIV/AIDSmayexperiencesocialisolationandlonelinessduetofearofdisclosureandrejectionLossofIncomeandEmploymentOpportunitiesStigmaanddiscriminationcanleadtolossofincomeandemploymentopportunitiesforpeoplelivingwithHIV/AIDSPoorMentalHealthThe