土木工程專業(yè)英語模擬考卷三

PAGE4PAGE土木工程專業(yè)英語模擬考卷三（考試時間：90分鐘）Part1.VocabularyPleasetranslatethefollowingtechnicaltermsintoEnglish（15X1’）1.預應力混凝土結構2.承載力3.型鋼4.有限元分析5.集中荷載6.傳感器7.剪力墻8.信號處理9.曲率10.隨機變量11.自重12.彎矩圖13.相對位移14.優(yōu)化方法15.簡諧運動PleasetranslatethefollowingtechnicaltermsintoChinese（15X1’）1.vibrationcontrol2.steamcuring3.structuraldamping4.modulusofelasticity5.momentofinertia6.moderateearthquake7.interstorydrift8.constantmoment9.well-designed10.strengthorsafetymargin11.jacks12.unitstrain13.internalforces14.neutralposition15.sustainedloadsPart2.TranslationPleasetranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese(5X3’)Itscompressivestrength,likethatofnaturalstones,ishigh,whichmakesitsuitableformembersprimarilysubjecttocompression,suchascolumnsandarches.Inthefrequency-domainmethod,itisassumedthattheloadingisperiodicandhasbeenresolvedintoitsdiscreteharmoniccomponentsbyFouriertransformation.Itmaybeevidentthatforanyarrangementofappliedloads,atendonprofilecanbeselectedsothattheequivalentloadsactingonthebeamfromthetendonarejustequalandoppositetotheappliedloads.Thestructuralframeworkdesignistheselectionofarrangementandsizesofstructuralelementssothatserviceloadsmaybesafelycarried,anddisplacementsarewithinacceptablelimits.Thetermimpactasordinarilyusedinstructuraldesignreferstothedynamiceffectofasuddenlyappliedload.PleasetranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish(5X3’)1.偏心預應力通常比同心預應力更有效。因為結構生命周期里可能出現(xiàn)的最大荷載不確定，因此它可以被考慮為一個隨機變量。設計一個給定的橋梁中，要么是將一個卡車的荷載加到整個結構上，要么是將車道荷載施加到結構上。作用在一個結構上的活荷載在設計時應該考慮將其布置在最大效應處，必要時應考慮包括部分布置，隔跨布置或者全跨布置的情況。被動系統(tǒng)包括許多可以增強結構阻尼、剛度、強度的材料和裝置。Part3.ParagraphTranslationPleasetranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese(3X8’)1.Liveloadsconsistchieflyofoccupancyloadsinbuildingsandtrafficloadsonbridges.Theymaybeeitherfullyorpartiallyinplaceornotpresentatall,andmayalsochangeinlocation.Theirmagnitudeanddistributionatanygiventimeareuncertain,andeventheirmaximumintensitiesthroughoutthelifetimeofthestructurearenotknownwithprecision.Theminimumliveloadsforwhichthefloorsandroofofabuildingshouldbedesignedareusuallyspecifiedinthebuildingcodethatgovernsatthesiteofconstruction.2.Structuraldesignmaybedefinedasamixtureofartandscience,combiningtheexperiencedengineer’sintuitivefeelingforthebehaviorofastructurewithasoundknowledgeoftheprinciplesofstatics,dynamics,mechanicsofmaterials,andstructuralanalysis,toproduceasafeeconomicalstructurethatwillserveitsintendedpurpose.3.Deadloadisafixed-positiongravityserviceload,socalledbecauseitactscontinuouslytowardtheearthwhenthestructureisinservice.Theweightofthestructureisconsidereddeadload,aswellasattachmentstothestructuresuchaspipes,electricalconduit,air-conditioningandheatingducts,lightingfixtures,floorcovering,roofcovering,andsuspendedceilings;thatis,allitemsthatremainthroughoutthelifeofthestructure.Pleasetranslatethefollowingparagraphsinto