土木工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)模擬考卷三

PAGE4PAGE土木工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)模擬考卷三（考試時(shí)間：90分鐘）Part1.VocabularyPleasetranslatethefollowingtechnicaltermsintoEnglish（15X1’）1.預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)2.承載力3.型鋼4.有限元分析5.集中荷載6.傳感器7.剪力墻8.信號(hào)處理9.曲率10.隨機(jī)變量11.自重12.彎矩圖13.相對(duì)位移14.優(yōu)化方法15.簡(jiǎn)諧運(yùn)動(dòng)PleasetranslatethefollowingtechnicaltermsintoChinese（15X1’）1.vibrationcontrol2.steamcuring3.structuraldamping4.modulusofelasticity5.momentofinertia6.moderateearthquake7.interstorydrift8.constantmoment9.well-designed10.strengthorsafetymargin11.jacks12.unitstrain13.internalforces14.neutralposition15.sustainedloadsPart2.TranslationPleasetranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese(5X3’)Itscompressivestrength,likethatofnaturalstones,ishigh,whichmakesitsuitableformembersprimarilysubjecttocompression,suchascolumnsandarches.Inthefrequency-domainmethod,itisassumedthattheloadingisperiodicandhasbeenresolvedintoitsdiscreteharmoniccomponentsbyFouriertransformation.Itmaybeevidentthatforanyarrangementofappliedloads,atendonprofilecanbeselectedsothattheequivalentloadsactingonthebeamfromthetendonarejustequalandoppositetotheappliedloads.Thestructuralframeworkdesignistheselectionofarrangementandsizesofstructuralelementssothatserviceloadsmaybesafelycarried,anddisplacementsarewithinacceptablelimits.Thetermimpactasordinarilyusedinstructuraldesignreferstothedynamiceffectofasuddenlyappliedload.PleasetranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish(5X3’)1.偏心預(yù)應(yīng)力通常比同心預(yù)應(yīng)力更有效。因?yàn)榻Y(jié)構(gòu)生命周期里可能出現(xiàn)的最大荷載不確定，因此它可以被考慮為一個(gè)隨機(jī)變量。設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)給定的橋梁中，要么是將一個(gè)卡車的荷載加到整個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)上，要么是將車道荷載施加到結(jié)構(gòu)上。作用在一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)上的活荷載在設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)應(yīng)該考慮將其布置在最大效應(yīng)處，必要時(shí)應(yīng)考慮包括部分布置，隔跨布置或者全跨布置的情況。被動(dòng)系統(tǒng)包括許多可以增強(qiáng)結(jié)構(gòu)阻尼、剛度、強(qiáng)度的材料和裝置。Part3.ParagraphTranslationPleasetranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese(3X8’)1.Liveloadsconsistchieflyofoccupancyloadsinbuildingsandtrafficloadsonbridges.Theymaybeeitherfullyorpartiallyinplaceornotpresentatall,andmayalsochangeinlocation.Theirmagnitudeanddistributionatanygiventimeareuncertain,andeventheirmaximumintensitiesthroughoutthelifetimeofthestructurearenotknownwithprecision.Theminimumliveloadsforwhichthefloorsandroofofabuildingshouldbedesignedareusuallyspecifiedinthebuildingcodethatgovernsatthesiteofconstruction.2.Structuraldesignmaybedefinedasamixtureofartandscience,combiningtheexperiencedengineer’sintuitivefeelingforthebehaviorofastructurewithasoundknowledgeoftheprinciplesofstatics,dynamics,mechanicsofmaterials,andstructuralanalysis,toproduceasafeeconomicalstructurethatwillserveitsintendedpurpose.3.Deadloadisafixed-positiongravityserviceload,socalledbecauseitactscontinuouslytowardtheearthwhenthestructureisinservice.Theweightofthestructureisconsidereddeadload,aswellasattachmentstothestructuresuchaspipes,electricalconduit,air-conditioningandheatingducts,lightingfixtures,floorcovering,roofcovering,andsuspendedceilings;thatis,allitemsthatremainthroughoutthelifeofthestructure.Pleasetranslatethefollowingparagraphsinto