（高考英語作文煉句）第23篇譯文老師筆記

PAGEPAGE11.自古以來,太空旅行的想法就一直引起人們的想象.在20世紀(jì)50年代和60年代,太空旅行最終成為現(xiàn)實,并且發(fā)展極其迅速.Sinceancienttimes

(1.自古以來)theconceptofspacetravelhas

capturedpeople'simagination(2.引起人們的想象).Duringthe1950sand60sspacetravelfinallybecamearealityandprogresswasmade

atbreakneckpace(3.極其迅速).

1-Sinceancienttimes詞典釋義：time37.

PERIODINHISTORY

歷史階段,C

also

timespl.aparticularperiodinhistory〔歷史上的〕時代,時期：?Mankindhasused

thehorse

sinceancienttimes

.人類從古時候起就開始使用馬匹了.?Inearliertimes,

servantswouldusethebarewoodenstairsatthebackofthehouse.過去,仆人只能走房子后面光光的木樓梯.at/in/duringetcthetimeofsth?Helivedatthe

timeoftheNapoleonicwars.他生活在拿破侖戰(zhàn)爭時期.ourtime(s)(=thepresentperiodinhistory)我們的時代,當(dāng)代?Airpollutionhasbecome

oneofthemostsignificanthealthproblemsofourtime.空氣污染成了我們這個時代最重大的健康問題.

外刊例句：Sinceancienttimes,medicshave

reliedontheirsenseofsmelltohelpthemworkoutwhatiswrongwiththeir

patients.

()醫(yī)生自古以來一直依靠嗅覺來輔助他們診治病人.

替換表達：from/sincetimeimmemorial,

sinceantiquity

學(xué)生錯誤表達：(1)

Sinceancient

time點評：ancienttimes是一個固定說法,不能寫成ancienttime2-capturepeople'simagination

詞典釋義：captureUK

['k?p.t??r]

US

[-t??]

verb

transitive

INTEREST

關(guān)注

■Ifsomethingcapturesyourimaginationorattention,youfeelveryinterestedandexcitedbyit

喚起(想像);引起(關(guān)注)?TheAmericandrivetolandamanontheMooncapturedtheimagination/attention

ofthewholeworld.美國的載人登月行動引起了全世界的遐想／關(guān)注.

外刊例句：

"Brands

willneedtocommunicateinamoresophisticated,strategicwayto

capturepeople’simagination,”says

Liddell."Thisstartswithknowingwhennottosharegoodworkthatpeople

expectyoutobedoinganyway,andbeingmorerigorousaboutcommunicating

thethingsthatreallyaddvalue.”()利德爾說："品牌要想使顧客對其著迷,就得以更精細和富有策略的方式來傳達其品牌信息.這首先得明白什么時候不去宣揚那些大眾認(rèn)為你理所當(dāng)然該做的事情,并且在傳遞一些真正富有意義的東西時要更加縝密.”

替換表達：fire/stimulatepeople’simagination

學(xué)生錯誤表達：(1)

causepeople

toimagine點評：causepeopleto

imagine含義是"導(dǎo)致人們?nèi)ハ胂蟆?意思表達不準(zhǔn)確.(2)

acauseof

imagination點評：表達不準(zhǔn)確,causeof

something一般指"造成……的原因”,例如：It'sourjobtoestablish

thecauseofthefire.找出起火原因是我們的責(zé)任.Causeof不能與imagination搭配.

3-atbreakneckpace這個詞組現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)中性,而不是僅僅用于貶義.

詞典釋義：breakneck1.ADJ

形容詞

(速度)極快的

Ifyousaythatsomethinghappensortravels

at

breakneck

speed,youmeanthatithappensortravelsveryfast.

【搭配模式】：ADJn?JackdrovetoMayfairatbreakneckspeed.杰克駕車向梅費爾疾駛.

外刊例句：Atbreakneckpace,itbuiltthe

GlobalCentreforCombatingExtremistIdeologyinRiyadh,whereMrTrumpand

MBS’s81-year-oldfather,KingSalmanbinAbdelAzizAlSaud,performeda

weirdinaugurationceremonyinvolvingaglowingglobe.

()它在利雅得以驚人速度建造了打機極端恐怖主義的國際中心.而特朗普與默罕穆德·本·薩勒曼81歲的父親薩勒曼·本·阿卜杜勒一同出席了該建筑物的奇異建成慶典(該慶典上有著一個發(fā)光的球體).

替換表達：atbreakneckspeed

Q：極其迅速今天用atbreakneckpace,昨天用atabreathlesspace,到底pace可數(shù)還是不可數(shù)呢?A：pace既是可數(shù)名詞,也是不可數(shù)名詞,因此我們可以說atahighspeed,也可以說athighspeed,但對于atbreakneckpace/atabreathlesspace這兩個短語可以當(dāng)成固定搭配記住.

Q：在20世紀(jì)50年代和60年代,這句話我的答案是In1950sand1960s,是否可以呢?A：需要改成in

the

1950sand1960s

Q：captured,是否可以換成其他的詞,比如arouse呢?A：可以,除了capturepeople’simagination,也可以說arouse/catchpeople’simagination

Q：請問,此處用atbreakneckpace來形容太空事業(yè)的發(fā)展是否合適?畢竟他的釋義是extremelyandoftendangerouslyfast,里頭有dangerously的含義在里頭.太空事業(yè)現(xiàn)在發(fā)展的很危險嗎?A：atabreakneckpace是一個中性詞,它可以用來指某事物的發(fā)展很快,我們可以在朗文詞典中找到例句：Cirrus,knownmostlyformultimediachips,hadbeen

growingatabreakneckpace

untillastyear.

2.考慮到空間探索與國家安全密切相關(guān),那么對于財政資源豐富的國家來說,放棄空間計劃,而其他國家繼續(xù)在空間探索上迅速發(fā)展,這是很不明智的.Giventhatspaceexplorationis

inextricablylinkedto

(1.與……密切相關(guān))nationalsecurity,itwouldbe

imprudent

(2.不明智的)fora

financiallywell-off

(3.財政資源豐富)countrytoabandonitsspaceprogramwhileothernationscontinueto

forgeahead(4.迅速發(fā)展).

1-beinextricablylinkedto

詞典釋義：inextricably

●○○○○1.ADV-GRADED

副詞

分不開地;解不開地;緊密地

Iftwoormorethings

are

inextricably

linked,theycannotbeconsidered

separately.

【搭配模式】：ADVwithv

【語域標(biāo)簽】：FORMAL正式?Religionwasforher

inextricably

linkedwithlifeitself.

宗教對她來說是與生活本身緊密聯(lián)系在一起的.

外刊例句：ForSakiMacozoma,businessandpolitics

areinextricablylinked.

()在薩奇·馬克左瑪看來,商業(yè)與政治密不可分.

替換表達：becloselylinkedto

學(xué)生錯誤表達：(1)

haveclose

relationshipwith點評：relationship在這里是可數(shù)名詞,應(yīng)該改為haveacloserelationshipwith

2-imprudent

詞典釋義：imprudent[?m'pru：.d?nt]

formal

adjective

■unwise,byfailingtoconsiderthelikelyresultsofyour

actions

不明智的;不謹(jǐn)慎的,輕率的?Thereportcriticizesthebanksforbeing

imprudent

intheirlending.該報告批評銀行在貸款方面不謹(jǐn)慎.

外刊例句：Malcolm'sview,however,wasthesensibleandsoundone：

giventhecatastrophicpotentialconsequencesofclimatechangeasforecast

bymostscientists,itwouldbe

imprudent

todonothing,inthesamewaythatitwouldbe

imprudent

toignoremostoncologists'warningthatyouhavea

tumour.

()然而,馬爾科姆的觀點其實有理有據(jù)：鑒于科學(xué)家大部分都預(yù)測了氣候變化可能帶來毀天滅地般的影響,若我們?nèi)詿o動于衷無異是不明智的;同理,若腫瘤專家大多提醒你,你已經(jīng)患上了腫瘤,而你卻置之不理,這樣子顯然過于輕率.

替換表達：notsensible/unwise

3-financiallywell-off

詞典釋義：well-off1.havingalotofmoney,orenoughmoneytohave

agoodstandardofliving有錢的,富裕的;ANT

badly-off

?childrenfrom

well-offfamilies富裕家庭的孩子?Manypensioners

arelesswell-off(=havelessmoney)thantheyusedtobe.許多退休人員生活都不如以前富裕了.2.

bewell-offforsthhaving

plentyofsomething,orasmuchofitasyouneed有充裕的某物,有夠多的某物：?We'rewell-offfor

publictransporthere.我們這里公共交通發(fā)達.

financial

●●●●●1.ADJ

形容詞

財政的;金融的;財務(wù)的

Financial

means

relatingtoorinvolvingmoney.

【搭配模式】：usuADJn?Thecompanyisin

financial

difficulties.公司目前財政困難.?...thegovernment's

financial

advisers.政府的財政顧問financially?Shewouldliketobemore

financially

independent...她想在經(jīng)濟上更加獨立.?She'sbeenstruggling

financially

foryears...她多年來一直生活拮據(jù).?Financially,thingsareabittight.經(jīng)濟上情況有點吃緊.

外刊例句：However,thesemotherstendedtobethemore

financiallywell-off

oradmitted

theirpartnershadopenedtheaccounts.

()然而,這些媽媽將變得更富有,或者承認(rèn)她們的父母早已給她們存了錢到銀行.

替換表達：rich/wealthy/affluent/withabundantfinancialresources

4-forgeahead

詞典釋義：UK

[f?：d?]

US

[f?：rd?]

verb

Phrasal

Verbs

forgeahead

■tosuddenlymakea

lotofprogresswithsomething

突然進展神速;迅猛發(fā)展

?Theorganizersare

forging

aheadwitha

programmeofpublicevents.組織者搞的一個公共活動計劃進展神速.

forge

ahead

[intransitive]

[presenttense

I/you/we/they

forgeahead

he/she/it

forgesahead

presentparticiple

forgingahead

pasttense

forgedahead

pastparticiple

forged

ahead]

phrasal

verb

1.

tomakestrongsteady

progress

Exportsalescontinuetoforgeahead.

Heforgedaheadwithhisplans.

外刊例句：Asgovernmentscontinueto

forgeahead

withreforms,theyshouldmakegreateruseofthe

behaviouralinsightsexpertiseattheirdisposal.()隨著政府繼續(xù)堅持改革,向前邁進,他們該更好地利用其所掌握的行為洞察知識.

替換表達：makeprogressquickly

Q：financiallywell-off的welloff是名詞還是?A：well-off在這里是形容詞,可以參考詞典里面的說明.

Q：請問老師：查了詞典forge本身就要突然向前的意思,用了ahead會不會重復(fù)了?謝謝老師!A：forgeahead是一個固定表達,可以記住.

Q：請問老師financial與fiscal兩者有什么區(qū)別嗎?A：financial可以指與金融相關(guān)的東西,它的范圍比較廣,而fiscal會更加具體,它僅僅指"(政府)財政的”.我們可以說：Organic

farmersshouldbeencouragedwith

financial

incentives.對實行有機栽培的農(nóng)民應(yīng)當(dāng)在經(jīng)濟上給予鼓勵.但不可以說：Organic

farmersshouldbeencouragedwithfiscalincentives.

Q：您好老師,考慮到為什么要用giventhat呢?considering

可以嗎?A：這里用considering(that)也可以.

3.太空探索的實際好處確實很難找到.有少數(shù)為了太空飛行而研發(fā)的技術(shù)在隨后找到了更廣泛的應(yīng)用.然而,這些發(fā)展進步很難被認(rèn)為是革命性的,而且它們也當(dāng)然不能為太空項目龐大的開銷正名.Itiscertainlytruethat

tangible

(1.實際的)benefitsofspaceexplorationaredifficulttofind.Thereareasmallnumberoftechnologieswhichweredevelopedforspaceflightthathavesince

foundamoregeneraluse(2.找到更廣泛的應(yīng)用).However,suchdevelopmentscanhardlybeconsideredrevolutionaryandcertainlydonot

justify

(3.是……的正當(dāng)理由)theenormouscostofaspaceprogramme.

1-tangible

詞典釋義：tangible['t?n.d??.bl]

adjective

■realornotimaginary;abletobeshown,touchedor

experienced

真實的;非想像的;可觸摸的;可感知的?Weneed

tangible

evidence

ifwe'regoingtotakelegalaction.如果我們要采取法律行動,就需要有實實在在的證據(jù).?Other

tangible

benefits

includeanincreaseinsalaryandshorterworkinghours.其他實實在在的好處包括加薪和縮短工作時間.

外刊例句：Arerisingbillsatthesupermarketcheckoutturningoutto

bethefirst

tangible

impactof

climatechangeonthedailylivesofallBritons?Itverymuchseemsso.()超市貨物漲價將是英國人在日常生活中最先真實感受到的氣候變化影響嗎?看起來就是這樣.

替換表達：concrete/real

2-findamoregeneraluse

詞典釋義：general4.ADJ-GRADED

能被表示程度的副詞或介詞詞組修飾的形容詞

廣泛的;普遍的

Youuse

general

to

describesomethingthatinvolvesoraffectsmostpeople,ormostpeopleina

particulargroup.

【搭配模式】：ADJn?Theprojectshouldraise

generalawarenessaboutbullying.這個項目將會提高民眾對恃強凌弱行徑的認(rèn)識.

外刊例句：However,Fryerassumedshootingsarenotnecessarilylinked

to

amoregeneraluse

ofpolice

force.

()但弗耶認(rèn)為,槍擊案與警察更頻繁的出動無必然聯(lián)系.

替換表達：bewidelyemployed/applied

學(xué)生錯誤表達：(1)

Haveawider

applications點評：application在這里是不可數(shù)名詞,應(yīng)該改為havewiderapplication

3-justifysomething

詞典釋義：justify['d??s.t?.fa?]

verb

transitive

IMPROVER

■togiveortobeagoodreasonfor

為…辯護;證明…正當(dāng)(或有理、正確);是…的正當(dāng)理由?[+

-ing

verb]Ican'treally

justify

taking

anotherdayoffwork.我真的找不出理由再多休一天假了.?Areyousurethatthesemeasuresarejustified?

你確定這些措施合理嗎?

外刊例句：Andcorporatejetsarehardto

justify

whensqueezingcostselsewhere.

()再者,在其他開支都緊縮的情況下,很難給公司私人飛機的使用找到正當(dāng)理由.

替換表達：warrant

學(xué)生錯誤表達：(1)

excuse點評：excuse是指"(辯解的)理由,借口”,例如：He'dbetterhaveagoodexcuseforbeinglate.他遲到最好有正當(dāng)?shù)睦碛?而語境中是要說明航空計劃高花費的正當(dāng)性,用excuse不太合適.

Q：Thereareasmallnumberoftechnologieswhichwere

developedforspaceflightthathavesincefoundamoregeneraluse.這句話中為什么加了一個since呢?不太懂.A：since在這里是一個副詞,含義是"自……以后”,have

sincedonesomething這種用法在英文中很常見,例如：Ireturnedhometo

Sussexandhavesinceworkedasasolicitor.我回到了家鄉(xiāng)薩塞克斯郡,之后就一直做事務(wù)律師.

Q："Thereareasmallnumberoftechnologieswhich

weredevelopedforspaceflightthathavesincefoundamoregeneral

use."中which和that后面接的都是修飾technologies的定語從句嗎?A：是的,這里which和that指代的都是前面的technologies

Q：fly也可以做名詞,和flight有什么不同?A：fly作為名詞時是指"蒼蠅”,不能用來指"太空飛行”.

Q：theenormouscostofaspaceprogram能不能寫成theenormouscostofspaceprograms?A：可以,這里aspaceprogram和space

programs都泛指"太空項目”.

Q：請問什么時候用program什么時候用programme?看了一下字典感覺都是可以共用的,對嗎?A：是的,兩個單詞是一樣的,program是美式拼法,programme是英式拼法.

4.人類一直都有一種探索和求知的欲望,而太空絕對是充滿了未知的一個地方.這種好奇心使人類和動物得以區(qū)別,也是智人(Homosapiens)如此繁盛的主要原因之一.如果人類喪失了對于拓展疆界、發(fā)掘未知的興趣,那么進步和發(fā)展就會迅速停滯不前.Humanshavealwayshadadesiretoexploreandunderstand,andspaceisabsolutely

brimmingwith(1.充滿)theunknown.ThiscuriosityiswhatdifferentiateshumansfromanimalsandisoneofthemainreasonswhyHomosapienshave

flourished

(2.繁盛)tosuchanextent.Ifhumanslostinterestin

pushingbacktheboundaries

(3.開拓疆界)anddiscoveringthepreviouslyundiscovered,thenprogressanddevelopmentwouldquickly

stagnate(4.停滯不前).

1-brimwith注意是主動語態(tài).

詞典釋義：brim[br?m]

verb

intransitive

(-mm-)

■tobecomefullof

something,especiallyaliquid

注滿,裝滿(尤指液體)

?Hereyesbrimmed

withtears

whensheheardthathewasalive.當(dāng)她聽說他活著時,眼里噙滿了淚水.?figurative

Hisrecenttriumphshaveleftthetennisace

brimming

(over)with

(=fullof)confidenceandenergy.最近的幾次勝利使這位網(wǎng)球高手充滿信心和活力.

外刊例句：MessrsHarbathandMeserveboth

brimwith

pridewhentheydescribetheirhigh-purityaluminium.

()哈爾巴夫與莫瑟夫先生滿懷自豪地介紹他們的"純種”校友會.

替換表達：befullofsomething

2-flourish

詞典釋義：flourishUK

['fl?r.??]

US

['fl?：-]

verb

SUCCEED

成功

intransitive

■togrowordevelopsuccessfully

茁壯成長;繁榮;蓬勃發(fā)展?Mytomatoesare

flourishing

thissummer-itmust

bethewarmweather.今年夏天我的番茄長勢很好——這一定是天氣暖和的原因.?Watercolourpaintingbeganto

flourish

inBritain

around1750.1750年左右,水彩畫開始在英國興盛起來.

外刊例句：Allred,likebedbugs,isastrangephenomenonwhocould

verywellexistinothercountriesbutseemsto

flourish

inAmerica–

flourish

tothepointofubiquity.()Allred就像臭蟲那樣,是種奇怪現(xiàn)象,它在其他國家也的確存在,但似乎只在美國蓬勃發(fā)展,遍布全國.

替換表達：thrive/prosper

3-pushbacktheboundaries

詞典釋義：

usuallyplural

thelimitsofanactivityorexperience

acommunityinwhichclassboundaries

areveryclearlydrawn

pushback/extendtheboundariesof

something：

newresearchthatpushesback

theboundariesofgeneticscience

cutacrossboundaries：

Theparty’ssupportcutsacross

religiousboundaries

(=isnot

influencedbydifferencesamongreligions)

.

外刊例句：ThewarmthintheArcticthatthisarrangementhasbrought

maydiminishtheregenerationofseaiceoverthecourseofthiswinter,

meaningthatnextsummer'ssuncan

push

backtheboundaries

further.

()該協(xié)定導(dǎo)致北極升溫,這可能會使本年冬季重新結(jié)冰的海冰融化,導(dǎo)致海岸線于下個夏天在陽光的影響下升得更高.

替換表達：extendtheboundaries

4-stagnate

詞典釋義：stagnateUK

[st?g'ne?t]

US

['st?g.ne?t]

verb

intransitive

■tostaythesameandnotgrowordevelop

停滯不前;不發(fā)展?Theelectronicsindustryisshowingsignsof

stagnating

after15yearsoftremendousgrowth.電子產(chǎn)業(yè)在經(jīng)過15年的飛速發(fā)展之后出現(xiàn)了停滯不前的跡象.

外刊例句：Asthecostoflivingrisesandwages

stagnate,formanyfoodisbecominghardertoafford.We’re

returningtoanerawhereahealthydietisaspirational.()(我們)因為生活開銷增加和工資滯脹,很多食物都買不起了.我們正回到人人都渴望吃得健康的日子.

替換表達：becomestagnant/cometoastandstill/beboggeddown/get

boggeddown

Q：好像沒有查到’pushback‘有開拓的意思呀?push

back本身不是撤退,使回到原處的含義嗎?為什么pushingbacktheboundaries會是開拓疆界的含義呢?雖然我查到了例句Scientistscontinuetopushbacktheboundariesofhuman

knowledge.A：pushbacktheboundaries是一個固定搭配,含義是"開拓疆界”,例如：newresearchthatpushesbacktheboundariesofgeneticscience擴大人們對基因科學(xué)知識的研究,關(guān)于短語的更多知識可以查看朗文詞典中的解釋.

Q：最后一句,可不可以不用虛擬語氣?A：這里必須要用虛擬語氣,因為"人類失去好奇心”只是一個不太可能發(fā)生的假設(shè),要用虛擬語氣來表達.

Q：curiosity[U,sing.]~(aboutsth)|~(todosth)astrong

desiretoknowaboutsth好奇心;求知欲：為什么這里用this??this后可以用不可數(shù)名詞嗎??A：thiscuriosity是指前面提到的Humans

havealwayshadadesiretoexploreandun