建筑識圖與房屋構造下 Architectural Draw

建筑識圖與房屋構造（下）ArchitecturalDrawingReadingandBuildingStructure(II)第六章建筑工程圖的基本知識Chapter6BasicKnowledgeofArchitecturalEngineeringDrawings工程項目建設流程ConstructionProcedureofEngineeringProject建筑設計的兩個階段：Twostagesofarchitecturaldesign:1.初步設計階段1PreliminaryDesignStage2.施工圖設計階段2ConstructionDrawingDesignStage工程項目建設流程ConstructionProcedureofEngineeringProject初步設計階段PreliminaryDesignStage簡略的總平面布置圖及房屋的平、立、剖面圖；設計方案的技術經(jīng)濟指標；設計概算和設計說明等。Abriefgenerallayoutplan,plans,elevations,sectionviews,technicalandeconomicindicatorsofthedesignscheme,designbudgetestimatesanddesignspecifications.施工圖設計階段ConstructionDrawingDesignStage指導工程施工的所有專業(yè)施工圖、詳圖、說明書、計算書及整個工程的施工預算書等Allprofessionalconstructiondrawings,details,instructions,andcalculationsforguidingtheengineeringconstructionandconstructionbudgetstatementsforthewholeproject.施工圖建筑施工圖結構施工圖設備施工圖建筑施工圖主要表達建筑物的外部形狀、內(nèi)部布置、裝飾構造、施工要求等。Architecturalconstructiondrawingsmainlyshowtheexternalshape,internallayout,decorationstructureandconstructionrequirementsofbuildings.結構施工圖主要表達承重結構的構件類型、布置情況以及構造作法等。Structuralconstructiondrawingsmainlyshowthemembertype,layoutandconstructionmethodoftheload-bearingstructure.設備施工圖主要表達房屋各專用管線和設備布置及構造等情況。Equipmentconstructiondrawingsmainlyshowthelayoutandstructureofspecialpipelinesandequipmentinbuildings.房屋施工圖的圖示特點Thegraphiccharacteristicsofconstructiondrawingsareasfollows(1)按正投影原理繪制(1)Drawnaccordingtotheprincipleoforthographicprojection.

(2)繪制房屋施工圖采用的比例(2)Scaleusedfordrawingtheconstructiondrawingsofbuildings.

(3)房屋施工圖圖例、符號應嚴格按照國家標準繪制(3)LegendsandsymbolsofbuildingconstructiondrawingsshallbedrawninstrictaccordancewithNationalStandards4）標準圖集4)Standardcollectivedrawings圖6-2定位軸線及編號方法Fig.6-2PositioningAxisandNumberingMethod1定位軸線和編號Positioningaxisandnumber附加軸線的編號Numberingofadditionalaxes表6-1索引符號與詳圖符號Table6-1IndexandDetailSymbols名稱

Description符號

Symbol說明

Description詳圖的索引符號Indexsymbolfordetails細實線單圓圈直徑應為10mm，詳圖在本張圖紙上剖開，從上往下投影

Thediameterofasinglecirclewiththincontinuouslineshallbe10mm,anddetailsshallbesectionedonthisdrawingandprojectedfromtoptobottom詳圖不在本張圖紙上剖開，從下往上投影

Detailsarenotcutonthisdrawing,butprojectedfrombottomtotop2索引符號和詳圖符號2INDEXANDDETAILSYMBOLS名稱Description符號Symbol說明Description詳圖的索引符號Indexsymbolfordetails標準詳圖STANDARDDETAIL詳圖的符號Symbolsfordetails粗實線單圓圈直徑應為14mm被索引的在本張圖紙上ThicksolidlineSinglecirclediametershallbe14mmIndexedonthissheet被索引的不在本張圖紙上

Indexisnotonthissheet6.3.2索引符號和詳圖符號6.3.2IndexandDetailSymbols圖6-5符號及標高數(shù)字的注寫

Fig.6-5MarkingofSymbolsandElevationNumbers3

標高Elevation圖6-7引出線Fig.6-7LeaderLine4引出線LeaderLine圖6-9多層構造引出線Fig.6-9LeaderLineforMulti-LayerStructure6.3.4引出線6.3.4LeaderLine圖6-10圖形的折斷Fig.6-10BreakingofGraphs5折斷符號5Breakingsymbol圖6-11對稱符號Fig.6-11Symmetricalsymbols6

對稱符號6Symmetricalsymbols圖6-14指北針Fig.6-14Northarrow7

指北針7Northarrow8變更云線

8Changecloudlines圖紙中局部修改宜使用云