重慶市2023-2024學(xué)年高三英語上學(xué)期12月期中質(zhì)量檢測試題含解析

Page28英語試題注意事項：1.本試卷由四個部分組成。其中第一、二部分和第三部分的第一節(jié)為選擇題。第三部分的第二節(jié)和第四部分為非選擇題。共150分，共12頁。2.全部答案在答題卡上相應(yīng)區(qū)域內(nèi)完成，在本試卷上作答無效。選擇題請使用2B鉛筆填涂，非選擇題請使用0.5毫米黑色簽字筆作答。要求字體工整、筆跡清晰。3.請在答題卡規(guī)定的地方填寫好個人信息，并認(rèn)真核對答題卡上所粘貼的條形碼是否與本人的信息一致。4.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié);滿分30分)做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatisthewomanmaking?A.Chocolate.B.Cookies.C.Cakes.2.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inalibrary.B.Inabookstore.C.Inaclassroom.3.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Admirethescenery.B.Continuewalking.C.Havearest.4.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Thewoman’shesitationaboutgoingabroad.B.Theadvantageofhomestayaccommodation.C.Thewoman’sfearoftravelingabroad.5.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A.Sheismoresensitivetohotweatherthantheman.B.Shedoesn’twanttobuyanairconditioner.C.Shecooledherselfdownbyafan.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatisthewomanplanningtodonextyear?A.Goonadiet.B.Competeinamarathon.C.Improveherhealth.7.Whatfooddoesthewomanneedmostatpresent?A.Meat.B.Rice.C.Vegetables.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8Whatarethespeakersorganizing?A.Acompanydinner.B.Aweddingcelebration.C.Abirthdayparty.9.Whenwilltheeventtakeplace?AOnJuly10th.B.OnAugust10th.C.OnSeptember10th.聽第8段材料,回答第10至12題。10.Wheredidthewomanknowabouttheadvertisement?A.OntheInternet.B.Fromanewspaper.C.Fromherfriend.11.Whywillthemansellthediningtable?A.Hehasboughtasmallerone.B.Hedoesn’tlikeitanymore.C.Hewillmovehouse.12.Whatwillthewomanprobablydothisafternoon?A.Talkwithherfriend.B.Checkonthediningtable.C.Tidyupherroom.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whatisthemandoing?A.Paintingapicture.B.Admiringamasterpiece.C.Havinghismeal.14.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthefoodatthecanteen?A.Disappointing.B.Acceptable.C.Satisfactory.15.Whatdishesdoesthewomanlikebest?A.Hotdogs.B.Riceandfish.C.Breadandfish.16.Whatdoesthewomansuggestdoingforthetalentshow?A.Singingasong.B.Bringingsomefood.C.Paintingabackdrop.聽第10段材料,回答第17至20題。17.Whatisthespeaker?A.Ateacher.B.Amanager.C.Afilm-maker.18.Howdidthespeakerfeelafterhisfirstproject?A.Joyful.B.Embarrassed.C.Surprised.19.Whendothecoursesend?A.InJuly.B.InAugust.C.InSeptember.20.WhatdoesPowPicturesofferthroughouttheyear?A.Designcourses.B.Languageprograms.C.Workexperience.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié);滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項。ATheBestVolunteerAbroadProgramsinAfricaLookingforthebestvolunteerabroadopportunitiestojoin?HerearethebestvolunteerprogramsinAfrica.VolunteerinZanzibarLookingtounplugfromeverydaylife?Zanzibarprogramisperfectforanimalandnaturelovers.Asavolunteertraveler,youcanliveinabeachsidebungalow(平房)andregeneratewildturtlepopulations.Alternatively,youcanstayinaforestcamptoprotectendangeredspecies,suchassnakes,lizardsandtortoises.VolunteerinVictoriaFallsImaginevolunteeringinasettingwhereyourbackyardhasbreathtakingviewsoverazebra-filledgrassland—VictoriaFallsisjustthat.Itisoneofthebestwildlifeconservationvolunteerprograms,whichhasbeenrecommendedintheLonelyPlanet’sBestinTravelfor2023.Whilethevolunteerworkisphysicallydemanding,you’llberewardedwithnightcampingoutsidethereserve.VolunteerinZambiaForthosewhowanttoexploretheincredibleareaofVictoriaFalls,butalsowanttovolunteerinthecommunity,checkthisout.VolunteerinZambiaincludesconstruction,teachingandmedicalcare.Thankstoitsthrillingactivities,thisisthe“perfectdestinationforadventure-seekers”accordingtoLonelyPlanet!Whetheryouwanttoswimontheledgeofawaterfallortakeawalkingsafari(徒步野生動物觀光),Zambiaistheperfectspottowitnessnatureatitsbestwhilemakingapositiveimpact.VolunteerinGhanaVolunteersontheGhanaprogramconsistentlytalkabouttheimmersiveculturalexperience.Thelocalpeopleyou’llworkwithwillmakeyoufeelathomefromthemomentyoulandinGhana.Asavolunteerhere,you’lldevelopastrongsenseofconnectiontoyourhostcommunityandlocaltraditionsinGhana.1.WhatdoVolunteerinZanzibarandVolunteerinVictoriaFallshaveincommon?A.Theyprovidebeautifulseaviews.B.Theyoffercampinginthereserve.C.Theyaimtoofferwildlifeprotection.D.TheyarerecommendedbyLonelyPlanet.2.Whichprogramisthebestchoiceforsomeonekeenontakingrisks?A.VolunteerinZambia. B.VolunteerinGhana.C.VolunteerinZanzibar. D.VolunteerinVictoriaFalls.3.Whoisthepassageintendedfor?A.Peoplefascinatedbywildlifeconservation.B.Individualsseekingarelaxingtravelexperience.C.Peoplewithenthusiasmfortravelandvolunteering.D.IndividualsinterestedinAfricanculturesandtraditions.【答案】1.C2.A3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹的是非洲最好的海外志愿者項目?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)VolunteerinZanzibar中的“Alternatively,youcanstayinaforestcamptoprotectendangeredspecies,suchassnakes,lizardsandtortoises.(或者，你可以呆在森林營地，以保護瀕危物種，如蛇、蜥蜴和烏龜。)”和VolunteerinVictoriaFalls部分的“Itisoneofthebestwildlifeconservationvolunteerprograms,whichhasbeenrecommendedintheLonelyPlanet’sBestinTravelfor2023.(這是最好的野生動物保護志愿者項目之一，被LonelyPlanet推薦為2023年最佳旅行。)”可知，這兩個項目的共同點是他們的目標(biāo)是保護野生動物。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)VolunteerinZambia部分的“Thankstoitsthrillingactivities,thisisthe“perfectdestinationforadventure-seekers”accordingtoLonelyPlanet!(根據(jù)LonelyPlanet的說法，由于其驚險刺激的活動，這里是“冒險者的完美目的地”！)”可知，對于喜歡冒險的人來說，VolunteerinZambia是最好的選擇，故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段“Lookingforthebestvolunteerabroadopportunitiestojoin?HerearethebestvolunteerprogramsinAfrica.(正在尋找最好的海外志愿者加入機會？這里是非洲最好的志愿者項目。)”可知，本文主要介紹的是非洲最好的海外志愿者項目，因此是寫給熱愛旅游和志愿服務(wù)的人的。故選C。BOnesummernight,aboyfelthimselfliftedfrombedbyhisfather.Dazedwithsleep,hesawstarsflashingacrosstheheavens.“Whatisit?”thechildwhispered.“Shootingstars.TheycomeeveryyearinAugust.”Decadeshavepassed,butIrememberthatnightstill,becauseIwasthefortunateboywhosefatherbelievedanewexperiencewasmoreimportantthananunbrokennight’ssleep.Someparentslikemyfatherhavethegiftofopeningdoorsfortheirchildren.Thisartofaddingdimensionstoachildbringsthereward:themarvelousmomentwhenthesparkburstsintoaflamethatwillburnbrightlyonitsownoneday.AtaGolfAssociationtournament,aten-year-oldgirlplayedcreditably.“Howlonghaveyoubeeninterestedingolf?”someoneasked.“Igotitformyninthbirthday,”shesaid.“Yourfathergaveyouasetofclubs?”“No,”shesaid,“hegavemegolf.”Ihaveafriend,apsychiatrist,whosaystherearetwotypesofpeople:thosewhothinkoflifeasaprivilegeandthosewhothinkofitasaproblem.Thefirsttypeisenthusiasticandenergetic.Theothertypeissuspiciousandself-centered.Andheadds,“TellmeaboutyourchildhoodandIcantellyouwhichtypeyouarelikelytobe.”Therealpurpose,then,oftryingtoopendoorsforchildrenistobuildeagerandoutgoingattitudes,whichisthemostvaluablelegacywecanpassontothenextgeneration.Butwhydon’tweworkharderatit?Probablybecausesometimeswedon’thavetheawarenessortheselflessnessortheenergy.Andyet,forthoseofuswhocarewhatbecomesofourchildren,thechallengeisalwaystherebuttheopportunitiesalsocomerepeatedly.Manyyearshavepassedsincethatnight.Andnextyear,whenAugustcomeswithitsshootingstars,mysonwillbeseven.4.WhydoestheauthormentionthegirlinParagraph2?A.Toshowparentalimpactonchildren’spassion.B.Tosuggesthobbiesalwaysstartfromthesmall.C.Tohighlighttheimportanceofdiverseexperiences.D.Toprovetruepassionusuallyarisesfromthereward.5.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“addingdimensionsto”inParagraph2mean?A.Settinganexamplefor. B.Broadeningthehorizonsof.C.Providingattentivecarefor. D.Narrowingthepossibilitiesof.6.Whatwilltheauthor’spsychiatristfriendagreewith?A.Stabilityinupbringingbuildsconfidence.B.Parentingstylesrequiresprofessionalguidance.C.Childhoodexperiencedeterminesadulthappiness.D.One’spersonalityisrelatedtochildhoodexperiences.7.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?ATheauthorisalwaysaddictedtoshootingstars.B.Itisaonce-in-a-lifetimechancetomotivatekids.C.Theauthorwillgotoseeshootingstarswithhisson.D.Itisimpossibletounlockkids’potentialwithouteagerness.【答案】4.A5.B6.D7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者曾經(jīng)因為父親帶他看美麗的流星而久久不能忘懷，作者認(rèn)為像父親這樣有非凡“天賦”的父母，能夠為孩子們打開一扇門，帶領(lǐng)他們進入輝煌的新領(lǐng)域?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句話“Thisartofaddingdimensionstoachildbringsthereward:themarvelousmomentwhenthesparkburstsintoaflamethatwillburnbrightlyonitsownoneday.

(這種為孩子增加維度的藝術(shù)帶來了回報：當(dāng)火花爆發(fā)成火焰的奇妙時刻，總有一天會自行燃燒)”以及倒數(shù)三句話““Howlonghaveyoubeeninterestedingolf?”someoneasked.“Igotitformyninthbirthday,”shesaid.“Yourfathergaveyouasetofclubs?”“No,”shesaid,“hegavemegolf.”(“你對高爾夫感興趣多久了?”有人問?！斑@是我九歲生日的禮物，”她說。“你父親給了你一套球桿?”“不，”她說，“是他給了我高爾夫?！?”可知，小女孩的夢想就是從父親給她的球桿開始的。由此可推知，第二段提到的小女孩是為了展示父母對孩子激情的影響。故選A。【5題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段第一句話“Someparentslikemyfatherhavethegiftofopeningdoorsfortheirchildren.

(像我父親這樣的一些父母有為孩子敞開大門的天賦)”以及劃線短語后面的句子“themarvelousmomentwhenthesparkburstsintoaflamethatwillburnbrightlyonitsownoneday(當(dāng)火花爆發(fā)成火焰的奇妙時刻，總有一天會自行燃燒)”可知，有些父母在生活中有一種天賦，就是為孩子們敞開大門，開闊他們的視野。給孩子開闊視野就像一簇火花，在將來總有一天會爆發(fā)成火焰。所以劃線短語的意思為“開闊視野”。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句話“Andheadds,“TellmeaboutyourchildhoodandIcantellyouwhichtypeyouarelikelytobe.”(他補充道：“告訴我你的童年，我就能告訴你你可能是哪種類型的人。”)”可推知，作者的精神病學(xué)家朋友會同意一個人的個性與童年經(jīng)歷有關(guān)。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句話“Therealpurpose,then,oftryingtoopendoorsforchildrenistobuildeagerandoutgoingattitudes,whichisthemostvaluablelegacywecanpassontothenextgeneration.(因此，試圖為兒童敞開大門的真正目的是建立渴望和外向的態(tài)度，這是我們可以傳遞給下一代的最有價值的遺產(chǎn))”以及最后一句話“Andnextyear,whenAugustcomeswithitsshootingstars,mysonwillbeseven.(明年，當(dāng)八月的流星來臨時，我的兒子將七歲)”可知，作為父母，我們應(yīng)該試圖為兒童敞開大門，讓他們建立渴望和外向的態(tài)度。由此可推知，作者的兒子七歲了，他也會帶他的兒子去看流星，為兒子敞開一扇門。故選C。CIfsomeoneaskedwhetheryoulikethearts,you’dprobablysayyoudo—atleastintheory.Accordingtoasurvey,morethantwo-thirdsofU.S.adultssaythearts“l(fā)iftmeupbeyondeverydayexperiences.”However,only30percentattendedaconcertofanytypein2017;23percentwenttoanartmuseum.Fewerthanhalfactivelycreatedartofanykind.Themismatchcanboildowntothefactthatweareweigheddownbyourday-to-dayresponsibilities,leavingourschedulepacked.Maybeyouliketoplayalittlebackgroundmusicwhileyouworkordothechores,butevenbeforethepandemic,mostofusrarely,ifever,sawaliveperformance,letalonevisitedagalleryorwatchedaplay.Toooften,weletthedullrealityoflifegetinthewayofthearts.Butthisisamistake.Theartsaretheoppositeofanescapefromreality;theymightjustbethemostrealisticglimpseweevergetintothenatureandmeaningoflife.Ifyoumaketimeforconsumingandproducingart—thesamewayyoumaketimeforworkandexerciseandfamilycommitments—Iassureyouthatyou’llfindyourlifegettingfullerandhappier.Thinkofatimewhenyouheardapieceofmusicandwantedtocry.Ormaybeyourdizzinessasyouemergedfromanarrowsidestreetinanunfamiliarcityandfoundyourselfinabeautifultownsquareasifinafantasy.Theyprobablystimulatedasuddenawakening,muchliketheshockfromalungfulofpureoxygenafterbreathinginsmoggyair.Ifyouareamongthepeoplewhofeelthatartispurepleasuretoexperienceandparticipatein,youmightseeitasaluxuryitem,whileapreferableattitudeistotreatartlesslikeadistractingpleasure,andmorelikeexerciseorsleep,anecessity.Thendrawupascheduleofyourartexposurejourney,andgraduallyweaveartintoyoureverydaylife.8.Whatpreventspeoplefromenjoyingthearts?A.Shortageoftime. B.Avoidanceofduty.C.Lackofinterest. D.Artspaceinaccessibility.9.Whatcanwelearnabouttheroleofartaccordingtothepassage?A.Itexploresmysteriesoflife. B.Itsparksemotionalresponses.C.Itenhancesphysicalwell-being. D.Itoffersagetawayfromdailylife.10.Whatwillbetalkedaboutnextinthepassage?A.Waystointegrateartintoroutine. B.Barrierstocombineartandlife.C.Formsofdistractingpleasures. D.Benefitsofengagingwithart.11.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.ArtJourney:RefreshingSoulB.ArtPursuit:TransformingDullintoFullC.EmbracingArt:FromLuxurytoNecessityD.ConnectingwithArt:FromRealitytoFantasy【答案】8.A9.B10.A11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文。文章主要講述了人們對自己的日常安排滿滿，以致于沒有“藝術(shù)時間”，從而使得藝術(shù)成為“理論上的喜愛”和“奢侈品”。作者論述了藝術(shù)能夠帶來的有益的情緒刺激，希望可以將對藝術(shù)的喜愛真正體現(xiàn)到日常生活中，使其成為生活必需品。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段內(nèi)容“Themismatchcanboildowntothefactthatweareweigheddownbyourday-to-dayresponsibilities,leavingourschedulepacked.(這種不匹配可以歸結(jié)為這樣一個事實：我們被日常的責(zé)任壓得喘不過氣來，把我們的日程安排得滿滿的。)”可知，阻止人們享受藝術(shù)的是安排滿滿的日程，即，缺少享受藝術(shù)的時間。故選A項。【9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段內(nèi)容“Theyprobablystimulatedasuddenawakening,muchliketheshockfromalungfulofpureoxygenafterbreathinginsmoggyair.(它們可能刺激了一種突然的覺醒，很像吸入煙霧彌漫的空氣后，一大口純氧引起的震驚。)”可知，藝術(shù)可能會刺激一種突然的覺醒，給人帶來震驚。由此可推知，藝術(shù)會給人帶來情緒方面的刺激。故選B項?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章末尾段末尾句內(nèi)容“Thendrawupascheduleofyourartexposurejourney,andgraduallyweaveartintoyoureverydaylife.(然后制定一個你的藝術(shù)接觸之旅的時間表，并逐漸將藝術(shù)融入你的日常生活。)”提到了制定一個時間表，將藝術(shù)融入日常生活，由此可推知，后文應(yīng)以這一話題繼續(xù)講述如何設(shè)計這樣的時間表，如何將藝術(shù)融入日常生活規(guī)劃中。故選A項?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。通過閱讀文章內(nèi)容可知，文章最后一段內(nèi)容“Ifyouareamongthepeoplewhofeelthatartispurepleasuretoexperienceandparticipatein,youmightseeitasaluxuryitem,whileapreferableattitudeistotreatartlesslikeadistractingpleasure,andmorelikeexerciseorsleep,anecessity.(如果你認(rèn)為藝術(shù)是一種純粹的體驗和參與的樂趣，你可能會將其視為奢侈品，而更可取的態(tài)度是將藝術(shù)視為一種分散注意力的樂趣，而更像是一種鍛煉或睡眠，一種必需品。)”點明了作者想要表達的核心，即，摒棄掉“對藝術(shù)理論式的喜愛”，將藝術(shù)真正的融入生活，使其成為生活必需品，而非奢侈品。因此，選項C“EmbracingArt:FromLuxurytoNecessity(擁抱藝術(shù)：從奢侈品到必需品)”貼合主旨，可作最佳標(biāo)題。故選C項。DBiodegradable(可降解的)foodpackagingisdesignedtodetecttowhatdegreethefoodhasgonebadbychangingitscolor.Best-beforelabelsareoftenpoorpredictorsofwhenfoodbecomesdangeroustoeat,whichcanleadtowasteandfoodpoisoning,saysBenedettoMarelliattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.Soheandhiscolleaguestriedtocreatethepackagethatcanreacttochangesinfood.Theymadefourfilms(膜)similartoplasticpackage,eachconsistingoftwolayers.Onelayerwasmadefromaproteinextractedfromsilkwormsilk,whiletheotherwasmadeofoneoffourso-calledcovalentorganicframeworks(COFs).Thesematerialscontaincarbonandhydrogen,aswellasatomslikeoxygenornitrogen,allarrangedinanetworkthatallowsairandwatertogothrougheasily.Aftercheckingthefilmswerenon-toxicandstrong,theresearcherstriedtocompost(堆肥處理)them.Forthebestperformingfilm,50percentofitdegradedafterbeingplacedinsoilfor30days,whichiscomparabletoexistingbiodegradableplastics.ThematerialalsochangedcolourwhenimmersedinwaterwithdifferentpHvalues,duetotheCOFlayer’sinteractionwiththeliquid.BecausethepHoffoodincreasesasitspoils,theresearcherstriedtouseapieceofthefilmasacolour-changinglabelattachedtoapacketofrawchicken.Thelabelstartedofforangebutturnedyellowandgot17percentlighterafter20hoursat30℃,indicatingthatthemeathadbeguntospoil.TheresearchersalsoloadedtheCOFlayerwithachemical.After15days,soyabeanspackagedinthefilmandleftinhighheatandhumiditywentbad,butonlyathirdasmuchasbeanswrappedintraditionalplastic.“Forasuccessfulmarketentry,thematerialwillneedtobeaffordableandeasytoproduce.Thestandardforcompetingwithplasticproductionisveryhigh.”saysMarelli.12.WhydidMarellidecidetocreatethepackage?A.Toimprovethebiodegradabilityoffood.BTocompetewithplasticformarketshare.C.Tomakeabreakthroughinbiotechnology.D.Totacklefoodwasteandenhancefoodsafety.13.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Thefunctionsoffilms. B.Thecategoriesoffilms.C.Theapplicationoffilms. D.Thecompositionoffilms.14.Whatisthefeatureofthefilm?A.Itpreventsfoodfromspoiling. B.Itshowssensitivitytochemicals.C.Ithasincomparablebiodegradability. D.Itisunaffectedbyunfavorableconditions.15.WhatisMarelli’sattitudetowardstheprospectofthefilm?A.Realistic. B.Hopeless. C.Optimistic. D.Indifferent.【答案】12.D13.D14.B15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。文章介紹了麻省理工學(xué)的貝內(nèi)代托·馬瑞利和同事們試圖創(chuàng)造一種能對食物變化做出反應(yīng)的包裝?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Best-beforelabelsareoftenpoorpredictorsofwhenfoodbecomesdangeroustoeat,whichcanleadtowasteandfoodpoisoning,saysBenedettoMarelliattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.Soheandhiscolleaguestriedtocreatethepackagethatcanreacttochangesinfood.(麻省理工學(xué)院的貝內(nèi)代托·馬瑞利說，“最佳食用前”標(biāo)簽往往不能很好地預(yù)測食物何時會變得危險，這會導(dǎo)致浪費和食物中毒。因此，他和他的同事們試圖創(chuàng)造一種能對食物變化做出反應(yīng)的包裝。)”可知，他們創(chuàng)造這種包裝的目的是為了處理食物浪費和提高食品安全。故選D?！?3題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Onelayerwasmadefromaproteinextractedfromsilkwormsilk,whiletheotherwasmadeofoneoffourso-calledcovalentorganicframeworks(COFs).Thesematerialscontaincarbonandhydrogen,aswellasatomslikeoxygenornitrogen,allarrangedinanetworkthatallowsairandwatertogothrougheasily.(其中一層是由從蠶絲中提取的蛋白質(zhì)制成的，而另一層是由四種所謂的共價有機框架(COFs)中的一種制成的。這些材料含有碳和氫，以及氧原子或氮原子，它們排列成一個網(wǎng)絡(luò)，讓空氣和水很容易通過。)”可知，本段主要介紹膜的組成。故選D?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“ThematerialalsochangedcolourwhenimmersedinwaterwithdifferentpHvalues,duetotheCOFlayer’sinteractionwiththeliquid.BecausethepHoffoodincreasesasitspoils,theresearcherstriedtouseapieceofthefilmasacolour-changinglabelattachedtoapacketofrawchicken.(由于COF層與液體的相互作用，當(dāng)浸入不同pH值的水中時，材料也會改變顏色。由于食物變質(zhì)后pH值會增加，研究人員嘗試用一片薄膜作為變色標(biāo)簽貼在一包生雞肉上。)”當(dāng)與液體相互作用，加入不同pH值的水，材料顏色會發(fā)生變化，可推知它對化學(xué)物質(zhì)的敏感。故選B。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“‘Forasuccessfulmarketentry,thematerialwillneedtobeaffordableandeasytoproduce.Thestandardforcompetingwithplasticproductionisveryhigh.’saysMarelli.(“為了成功進入市場，這種材料需要價格合理且易于生產(chǎn)。與塑料產(chǎn)品競爭的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)非常高。馬瑞利說。)”根據(jù)馬瑞利說的話，可推知，他對這種包裝膜的前景的態(tài)度是現(xiàn)實的。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。HowtoEaseAIAnxietyRapidadvancesingenerativeartificialintelligence(AI)havebroughtbigchallengesandit’slogicalforhumanstofeelanxiousaboutit.____16____.Thefollowingcanproveitandeaseyouranxiety.RemembercontextiskeyKeepinginmindthatthepresentmomentisfarfromthefirsttimepeoplehavefearedtheriseofanunfamiliartechnology.“Computeranxiety”and“technostress”datebackdecades.Beforethat,therewasuncontrollableworryoverindustrialautomation.____17____.Butmanyoftheworstsci-fipredictionsdidnotcometrue.AddresstheproblemtogetherRatherthanstickingyourheadinthesand,gainnewskillstoprepareforacareerchangeorlearningaboutongoingeffortstoregulateAI.Meanwhile,confrontinganxietyoverAImightbeginwithcomingupwithcollectivesolutionsandfindingcommunity.____18____.SwitchyourattentionAnotherwaytofeelbetteraboutAIistoavoidtoomuchattentiontoit.____19____.Takingbreaksfromtechnologytoreconnectwithnatureorlovedonesinthephysicalworldiscriticalformentalhealth.SteppingawayfromtechcanalsoprovideareminderofallthewaysthathumansaredistinctfromAI.____20____Thecurrenttechnologyisnottrulyproducingnewthingsbutratherimitatingorfollowingwhatpeoplecando.AImaybeabletoanswerquestionsandsolveproblems,butitlacksthepowertoconveyemotions,empathyandcreateoriginalcontent.Therefore,unbiasedjudgmentandcertaintyaboutyourownskillscanhelpwithuneasiness.A.FocusonwhatyoucancontrolB.RemindyourselfofitslimitationsC.MoreattentionshouldbeattachedtoAID.GettinginvolvedinitiscrucialtoseekingsecurityE.ThereismoretolifethanjustprogramsandscreensF.Buthumansaren’tyetheadedforacompletereplacementG.Pastadvancesdidleadtobigsocialandeconomicchanges【答案】16.F17.G18.D19.E20.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。文章講述了生成式人工智能(AI)的快速發(fā)展帶來了巨大的挑戰(zhàn)，介紹了緩解人工智能焦慮的方法?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Rapidadvancesingenerativeartificialintelligence(AI)havebroughtbigchallengesandit’slogicalforhumanstofeelanxiousaboutit.(生成式人工智能(AI)的快速發(fā)展帶來了巨大的挑戰(zhàn)，人類對此感到焦慮是合乎邏輯的)”以及下文“Thefollowingcanproveitandeaseyouranxiety.(下面的方法可以證明這一點，并緩解你的焦慮)”可知，選項F.Buthumansaren’tyetheadedforacompletereplacement(但是人類還沒有找到完全的替代品)與上文形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，符合語境，能夠承上啟下。故選F。【17題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Butmanyoftheworstsci-fipredictionsdidnotcometrue.(但許多最糟糕的科幻預(yù)言并沒有成為現(xiàn)實)”說明的是糟糕的情況沒有成為現(xiàn)實。上文““Computeranxiety”and“technostress”datebackdecades.Beforethat,therewasuncontrollableworryoverindustrialautomation.(“電腦焦慮”和“技術(shù)壓力”可以追溯到幾十年前。在此之前，人們對工業(yè)自動化有著無法控制的擔(dān)憂)”可知，這種糟糕的情況的設(shè)想很久之前就已經(jīng)存在。選項G.Pastadvancesdidleadtobigsocialandeconomicchanges(過去的進步確實帶來了巨大的社會和經(jīng)濟變革)描述客觀事實，與下文形成轉(zhuǎn)折對比，引出下文。故選G?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)本段的主題句“Addresstheproblemtogether(一起解決問題)”以及上文“Meanwhile,confrontinganxietyoverAImightbeginwithcomingupwithcollectivesolutionsandfindingcommunity.(與此同時，面對對人工智能的焦慮，可能要從提出集體解決方案和尋找社區(qū)開始)”可知，選項D.Gettinginvolvedinitiscrucialtoseekingsecurity(參與其中對尋求安全至關(guān)重要)，承接上文，it指的是“提出集體解決方案和尋找社區(qū)開始”，符合語境。故選D。【19題詳解】根據(jù)本段的主題句“Switchyourattention(轉(zhuǎn)移你的注意力)”以及上文“AnotherwaytofeelbetteraboutAIistoavoidtoomuchattentiontoit.(另一種對AI感覺更好的方法是避免過多關(guān)注它)”可知，選項E.Thereismoretolifethanjustprogramsandscreens(生活不僅僅是節(jié)目和屏幕)進一步說明的是轉(zhuǎn)移注意力，承接上文，引出下文，符合語境。故選E?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)下文“AImaybeabletoanswerquestionsandsolveproblems,butitlacksthepowertoconveyemotions,empathyandcreateoriginalcontent.Therefore,unbiasedjudgmentandcertaintyaboutyourownskillscanhelpwithuneasiness.(人工智能也許能夠回答問題和解決問題，但它缺乏傳達情感、同理心和創(chuàng)造原創(chuàng)內(nèi)容的能力。因此，不偏不倚的判斷和對自己技能的肯定有助于消除不安)”說明的是人工智能的弊端，可知選項B.Remindyourselfofitslimitations(提醒自己它的局限性)，符合本段的主題。故選B。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié);滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。IwasonlyelevenyearsoldbutI’dbeenthebestrunner,highjumperandlongjumperinmyschoolsincekindergarten!Buttheonehundredmeterracewasthemost____21____competitionforme.Nothingboostedmyegomorethanmyschoolmates____22____measIsprintedacrossthefinishline.Butthe____23____newscrushedmyspirit--akneeinjurymeantImightnevercompeteagain.Ithitmelikeaknockoutpunchthatleftmyearsringingin____24____.ThenextdayIwas____25____inside,whiletheotherkidswereoutsiderunning.Mr.Lewisencouragedmeto____26____myenergyintothetownpoetrycontest.Determinedtofindcomfortinthisnewendeavor,Idiligentlycraftedpoemseachday,____27____theirrhymeandrhythm.Butthesadnessofbeing____28____fromtrackandfieldwasoverwhelming.Onedaywritingintheclassroom,IcaughtMr.Lewis____29____scoldingtheboysinthenextclassroomwhowereexhaustedanddesiringtoquit.“I’m_____30_____ofyouboys!Atthismomentthere’sagirlinthenextclassroomdreamingaboutcompetingintrackandfield!She’ddoanythingtotakeyour_____31_____,butbecauseofabadknee,shecan’t!Youshouldbeembarrassed!Youshouldbehappyyoucanruneverydaywithout_____32_____!”Forthefirsttime,Ifelt_____33_____andappreciated.Mr.LewisunderstoodhowmuchI’dlostbecauseoftheinjury.Fromthatdayforward,Icreatedmy_____34_____withastrongbeliefthatIwouldwinthecontest,formeandforMr.Lewis!Thatyear,mysmalltown_____35_____mytriumphasIclaimedfirstprize.IowedmysuccesstoMr.Lewis,hissupportfuelingmyinnerfire.21.A.challenging B.frustrating C.promising D.rewarding22.A.cheeringfor B.relyingon C.believingin D.cooperatingwith23.A.hopeful B.sorrowful C.harmful D.powerful24.A.awe B.disbelief C.annoyance D.confusion25.A.inspired B.tended C.stuck D.monitored26.A.rush B.store C.divide D.channel27.A.breaking B.emphasizing C.perfecting D.mastering28.A.saved B.released C.sheltered D.excluded29.A.severely B.constantly C.proudly D.patiently30.A.confident B.ashamed C.guilty D.tolerant31.A.side B.time C.advice D.place32.A.expectation B.pain C.warning D.delay33A.valued B.ignored C.disrespected D.applauded34.A.diaries B.models C.works D.outlines35.A.witnessed B.supported C.secured D.recalled【答案】21.D22.A23.B24.B25.C26.D27.C28.D29.A30.B31.D32.B33.A34.C35.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。講述作者在膝蓋受傷后無法再參加田徑運動，在老師的鼓勵和支持下，把精力投入到詩歌比賽當(dāng)中，最終獲得了第一名?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但對我來說，百米賽跑是最有意義的比賽。A.challenging有挑戰(zhàn)性的；B.frustrating令人沮喪的；C.promising有前途的；D.rewarding有意義的。根據(jù)后文“Nothingboostedmyegomorethanmyschoolmates____2____measIsprintedacrossthefinishline.”可知，對我來說，沖過百米賽跑的終點線會聽到同學(xué)們的歡呼，這是最有意義的。故選D項?！?2題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：當(dāng)我沖過終點線時，同學(xué)們?yōu)槲覛g呼，沒有什么比這更讓我感到驕傲了。A.cheeringfor歡呼；B.relyingon依靠；C.believingin相信；D.cooperatingwith合作。根據(jù)后文“asIsprintedacrossthefinishline”可知，沖過百米賽跑的終點線會聽到同學(xué)們的歡呼。故選A項?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但是這個悲傷的消息使我精神崩潰——膝蓋受傷意味著我可能再也不能參加比賽了。A.hopeful有希望的；B.sorrowful悲傷的；C.harmful有害的；D.powerful有力的。根據(jù)后文“crushedmyspirit--akneeinjurymeantImightnevercompeteagain”可知，我膝蓋受傷，無法再參加比賽，這是一個悲傷的消息。故選B項?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這對我來說就像一記重拳，讓我難以置信地耳鳴。A.awe敬畏；B.disbelief不相信；C.annoyance惱怒；D.confusion困惑。根據(jù)前文“I’dbeenthebestrunner,highjumperandlongjumperinmyschool”及“akneeinjurymeantImightnevercompete”可知作為學(xué)校最好的運動員，無法再參加比賽的事實使我無法接受，不敢相信。故選B項?！?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：第二天，我被困在里面，而其他孩子都在外面跑。A.inspired鼓勵；B.tended趨向于；C.stuck困??；D.monitored監(jiān)控。根據(jù)前文“akneeinjury”及后文“whiletheotherkidswereoutsiderunning”可知，由于我膝蓋受傷，我只能呆在屋里。故選C項。【26題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：Mr.Lewis鼓勵我把精力集中在鎮(zhèn)上的詩歌比賽上。A.rush沖出去；B.store儲存；C.divide分開；D.channel傳送。根據(jù)后文“intothetownpoetrycontest”可知，Mr.Lewis希望我不要再想運動比賽的事，把精力轉(zhuǎn)移到詩歌比賽上。故選D項?！?7題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我決心在這一新的努力中找到安慰，每天勤奮地創(chuàng)作詩歌，完善它們的韻律和節(jié)奏。A.breaking打破；B.emphasizing強調(diào)；C.perfecting完善；D.mastering掌握。根據(jù)前文“Idilige