2024年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題和答案(第1套)

2024年06月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題和答案（第1套）PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Supposeyouruniversityisseekingstudents’opinionsonwhetheruniversitylibrariesshouldbeopentothepublic.Youarenowtowriteanessaytoexpressyourview.Youwillhave30minutesforthetask.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartⅡListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1.A)Duetoafirealarmintheirapartments.B)Becauseofthesmokeandheatdamage.C)Duetothewaterusedtoextinguishtheflames.D)Becauseofthecollapseofthethree-storybuilding.2.A)Investigatingthecauseoftheincident.B)Helpingsearchforthesuspectofthecrime.C)Rescuingthebusinessmentrappedinthebuilding.D)Checkingtownrecordsforthepropertydeveloper.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3.A)Itplaysalessimportantroleinone’shealththannutrientintake.B)Itimpactspeople’shealthtoalesserdegreethansunexposure.C)Itisassociatedwithpeople’smentalhealthconditions.D)Itislinkedwitholderadults’symptomsofdepression.4.A)Itwasindefinite.B)Itwassystematic.C)Itwasstraightforward.D)Itwasinsignificant.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5.A)Ithashelpedsolveseveralmurdercases.B)IthasbecomeastarpolicedoginBeijing.C)Ithassurpasseditsmotherinperformance.D)Ithasdonebetterthannaturallyborndogs.6.A)Tospeedupinvestigationintocriminalcases.B)Totestthefeasibilityofcloningtechnology.C)Tocutdowntrainingexpenses.D)Toreducetheirtrainingtime.7.A)Cloningistoocomplicatedaprocess.B)Thetechnologyisyettobeaccepted.C)Cloningisethicallycontroversial.D)Thetechnologyistooexpensive.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA），B），C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.A)Hereaditsomewhereonline.B)Heheardaboutitfromacoworker.C)Hereadanarticlereviewingit.D)HewatchedaTVseriesbasedonit.9.A)Hispublications.B)Hisfirstbook.C)Hisaddress.D)Hisname.10.A)Collectalotmoredata.B)Relaxabitlessoften.C)Clarifymanynewconcepts.D)Readmorereferencebooks.11.A)Findouttheshow’smostinterestingepisodes.B)Watchtheseriestogetherwiththewoman.C)Getane-copyofthebooktoread.D)Checktoseewhentheshowstarts.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A)Tocheckthepricesofhisfarmproduce.B)ToaskthewaytotheNewcastleCityHall.C)Toinquireaboutthevegetarianfoodfestival.D)Toseektheman’shelpwithherworkonthefarm.13.A)Bakers.B)Vendors.C)Vegetarians.D)Organisers.14.A)Theissuingofcertificatestovendors.B)Thecompletionofthebakingtask.C)Thefestivaltheyareorganising.D)Thedeadlineforapplication.15.A)Theclosingdateofsubmission.B)Thewebsiteofhiscompany.C)Thedetailsoftheceremony.D)Theorganiser’saddress.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)Mostscenicsiteshavebeenclosed.B)Accesstoofficialcampsitesislimited.C)Healthexpertsadvisegoingoutdoors.D)Peoplehavemoretimeduringthesummer.17.A)Itisstronglyopposedbynearbyresidents.B)Itleadstomuchwasteofpublicmoney.C)Ithascausedenvironmentalconcerns.D)Ithascreatedconflictsamongcampers.18.A)LookforopenlandinScotland.B)Leavenotraceoftheircamping.C)Avoidgettingclosetowilderness.D)Askforpermissionfromauthorities.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A)Theyoutcompetemythicalcreatures.B)Theyusuallymindtheirownbusiness.C)TheytrulyexistintheAmazonregion.D)Theyresemblealarminglylargesnakes.20.A)Scartissuefromdolphins’fighting.B)Skininfectionfromwaterpollution.C)Unhealedwoundsfromsnakebites.D)Swimmingalonginseasonalfloods.21.A)Ithasbeenshrinkingatanastonishingpace.B)Ithasbeenplacedunderinternationalprotection.C)Ithasbeenappealingtobothfreshwaterandseadolphins.D)Ithasbeenabandonedasabattlegroundformaledolphins.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A)About58%ofyoungadultscallparentalsupportthenewnormal.B)Mostadultchildrenenjoyincreasingsourcesoffinancialsupport.C)Afull70%oftheyoungadultscannotaffordtobuyacarbythemselves.D)Mostearlyadultscannotsustaintheirlifestyleswithoutparentalsupport.23.A)Itrendersthemdependent.B)Itcausesthemtolosedignity.C)Itmakesthemmentallyimmature.D)Ithindersthemfromgettingahead.24.A)Itchallengesone’swillpower.B)Itresultsfromeducation.C)Itcallsfordueassistance.D)Itdefinesadulthood.25.A)Currentlifestyles.B)Poorbudgeting.C)Collegeloans.D)Emergencyexpenses.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce．It’swellknownthatphysicalexerciseisbeneficialnotjusttophysicalhealthbutalsotomentalhealth.Yetwhereasmostcountrieshave____26____,evidence-backedguidelinesonthetypeandintensityofexercise____27____forvariousphysicalhealthbenefits,suchguidelinesdonotyetexistforexerciseandmood.Thisis____28____duetoalackofnecessaryevidence.However,anewsystematicreviewbringsususefullyup-to-dateonthecurrentfindingsinthisarea.Before____29____intosomeofthekeytake-aways,animportant____30____madeinthereviewisbetweenaerobicexerciseandanaerobic.Theformer____31____suchthingsaswalking,joggingandcyclingandmeansexercisinginsuchawaythatyourbodyisabletouseoxygentoburnfatforenergy.Incontrast,anaerobicexercise—suchasliftingheavyweights—isofsuch____32____intensitythatyourbodydoesnothavetimetouseoxygentocreateenergyandsoinsteaditbreaksdownglucose(葡萄糖)inyourbloodormuscles.Beginningfirstwiththeinfluenceofexerciseintensityonthemoodbenefitsofaerobicexercise,theresearchers,ledbyJohnChanatShenzhenUniversity,found____33____resultsfrom19relevantstudies.Somefavouredhigherintensity,otherslow,whilesevenstudiesfoundthatintensitymadeno____34____tomoodbenefits.Inrelationtotheintensityofanaerobicexercise,however,theresultswerefarclearer—theoptimum(最佳選擇)forimprovingmoodis____35____intensity,perhapsbecauselowintensityistoodullwhilehighintensityistoounpleasant.A)constitutesB)contradictoryC)decisionD)detailedE)differenceF)dippingG)distinctionH)fallingI)involvesJ)moderateK)notifiedL)partlyM)requiredN)traditionallyO)vigorousSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.WhyDoAmericansWorkSoMuch?A)Howwillweallkeepbusywhenweonlyhavetowork15hoursaweek?ThatwasthequestionthatworriedtheBritisheconomistJohnMaynardKeyneswhenhewrotehisshortessay“EconomicPossibilitiesforOurGrandchildren”in1930.Overthenextcentury,hepredicted,theeconomywouldbecomesoproductivethatpeoplewouldbarelyneedtoworkatall.Forawhile,itlookedlikeKeyneswasright.In1930theaverageworkingweekwas47hoursintheUnitedStates.Butby1970,thenumberofhoursAmericansworkedonaveragehadfallentoslightlylessthan39.B)Butthensomethingchanged.Insteadofcontinuingtodecline,thedurationoftheworkingweekremainedstable.Ithasstayedatjustbelow40hoursfornearlyfivedecades.Sowhathappened?Whyarepeopleworkingjustasmuchtodayasin1970?C)TherewouldbenomysteryinthisifKeyneshadbeenwrongaboutthepoweroftechnologytoincreasetheeconomy’sproductivity,whichhethoughtwouldleadtoastandardofliving“betweenfourandeighttimesashighasitistoday.”ButKeynesgotthatright:Technologyhasmadetheeconomymassivelymoreproductive.AccordingtoBenjaminM.Friedman,aneconomistatHarvard,theU.S.economyisrightontracktoreachKeynes’seight-fold(八倍)multipleby2029.ThatisacenturyafterthelastdataKeyneswouldhavehadaccessto.D)Inanewpaper,Friedmantriestofigureoutwhythatincreasedproductivityhasnottranslatedintoincreasedleisuretime.Perhapspeoplejustneverfeelmateriallysatisfied,alwayswantingmoremoneytobuythenextnewthing.Thisisatheorythatappealstomanyeconomists.“Thisargumentis,atbest,farfromsufficient,”hewrites.Ifthatwerethecase,whydidthedurationoftheworkingweekdeclineinthefirstplace?E)AnothertheoryFriedmanconsidersisthat,inaneraofeverfewersettingsthatprovideeffectiveopportunitiesforpersonalconnectionsandrelationships,peoplemayplacemorevalueonthesocializingthathappensatwork.Thereissupportforthistheory.Manypeopletodayconsidercolleaguesasfriends.ButFriedmanarguesthattheevidenceforthistheoryisfarfromconclusive.Manyworkersreportthattheywouldliketospendmoretimewithfamily,ratherthanatwork.Furthermore,thistheorycannotexplainthechangeintrendintheU.S.workingweekinthe1970s.F)AthirdpossibilityprovesmoreconvincingforFriedman.Thatis:Americaninequalitymeansthatthegainsofincreasingproductivityarenotwidelysharedbyeveryone.Inotherwords,mostAmericansaretoopoortoworkless.UnliketheothertwoexplanationsFriedmanconsiders,thisonefitschronologically(按年代).InequalitydeclinedinAmericaduringtheperiodfollowingWorldWarII,alongwiththedurationoftheworkingweek.Butsincetheearly1970sithasrisendramatically.G)Keynes’spredictionofashorterworkingweekrestsontheideathatthestandardoflivingwouldcontinuerisingforeveryone.ButFriedmansaysthatthisisnotwhathashappened.AlthoughKeynes’seight-foldfigureholdsupfortheeconomyasawhole,itisnotatallthecaseforthemedian(中位數(shù)的)Americanworker.Forthem,outputby2029islikelytobearound3.5timeswhatitwaswhenKeyneswaswriting.Thisisabitbelowhisfourtoeight-foldpredictedrange.H)Thiscanbeseeninthemedianworker’sincomeoverthistimeperiod,completewithashiftin1973thatfitsinpreciselywithwhentheworkingweekstoppedshrinking.AccordingtoFriedman,between1947and1973theaveragehourlywagefornormalworkers(thosewhowerenotinmanagementroles)inprivateindustriesotherthanagriculturenearlydoubledintermsofwhattheirmoneycouldbuy.Butby2013theaveragehourlywageforordinaryworkershadfallen5percentfromthe1973levelintermsofactualpurchasingpower.Thus,thoughAmericanincomesmayhavegoneupsince1973,theamountthatAmericanworkerscanactuallybuywiththeirmoneyhasgonedown.FormostAmericans,then,themagicofincreasingproductivitystoppedworkingaround1973.Thus,theyhadtokeepworkingjustasmuchinordertomaintaintheirstandardofliving.I)WhatKeynespredictedwasaveryoptimisticversionofwhateconomistscalltechnologicalunemployment.Thisistheideathatlesslaborwillbenecessarybecausemachinescandosomuch.InKeynes’svision,theresultingunemploymentwouldbedistributedmoreorlessevenlyacrosssocietyintheformofincreasedleisure.ButFriedmansaysthat,forAmericans,realityismuchdarker.Americansnowhavealabormarketinwhichmillionsofpeople—thosewithfewerskillsandlesseducation—areseekingwhateverpoorlypaidworktheycanget.Thisisconfirmedbyarecentpollthatfoundthat,forhalfofhourlyworkers,theirtopconcernisnotthattheyworktoomuchbutthattheyworktoolittle.Thisismostlikelynotbecausetheyliketheirjobssomuch.Rather,wecanassumeitisbecausetheyneedthemoney.J)Thisexplanationleavesanimportantquestion.Iftheveryrich—theworkerswhohavereapedabove-averagegainsfromtheincreasedproductivitysinceKeynes’stime—canaffordtoworkless,whydotheycontinuetoworksomuch?(Indeed,researchhasshownthatthehighestearnersinAmericatendtoworkthemost.)Friedmanbelievesthatformanytopearners,workisalaboroflove.Theyaredoingworktheycareaboutandareinterestedin,anddoingmoreofitisnotnecessarilyaburden.Forthem,itmayevenbeapleasure.Thesetopearnersderivemeaningfromtheirjobsandworkisanimportantpartofhowtheythinkofthemselves.And,ofcourse,theyarecompensatedforitatalevelthatmakesitworththeirwhile.K)Friedmanconcludesthattheprosperity(繁榮)Keynespredictedishere.Afterall,theeconomyasawholehasgrownevenmorebrilliantlythanheexpected.ButformostAmericans,thatprosperityisnowheretobeseen.And,asaresult,neitherarethoseshorterworkingweeks.36.Somepeopleviewsocializingattheworkplaceasachancetodeveloppersonalrelationships.37.AsordinaryAmericanworkers’averagehourlypayhaddecreaseddespiteincreasingproductivity,theyhadtoworkjustasmanyhoursasbeforetokeeptheirlivingstandards.38.Americanworkers’averageweeklyworkingtimehasnotchangedfornearlyhalfacentury.39.FriedmanbelievesinequalityintheU.S.largelyexplainswhyincreasingproductivityhasnotresultedinreducedworkinghours.40.Manyeconomistsassumepeople’sthirstformaterialthingshaspreventedthemfromenjoyingmoreleisuretime.41.Aneconomist’spredictionaboutashorteraverageworkingweekseemedtobecorrectforatimeinthe20thcentury.42.IntheU.S.labormarket,theprimaryconcernofpeoplewithlessschoolingandfewerskillsistosecureanyemploymentevenifitislow-paid.43.Keyneswasrightinpredictingthattechnologywouldmaketheeconomymuchmoreproductive.44.Manyofthehighestearnershaveakeeninterestinandloveforwhattheyaredoing.45.AccordingtoKeynes,therewouldbeashorterworkingweekwitheveryone’sstandardoflivingcontinuingtorise.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.LaoZioncesaid,“Careaboutwhatotherpeoplethinkandyouwillalwaysbetheirprisoner.”P(pán)eople-pleasing,orseekingself-worththroughothers’approval,isunproductiveandanexhaustingwaytogothroughlife.Whydoweallowwhatothersthinkofustohavesomuchpoweroverhowwefeelaboutourselves?Ifit’struethatyoucan’tpleaseallpeopleallofthetime,wouldn’titmakesensetostoptrying?Unfortunately,senseoftenisn’tdrivingourbehavior.Forsocialbeingswhodesireloveandbelonging,wantingtobeliked,andcaringabouttheeffectwehaveonothers,ishealthyandallowsustomakeconnections.However,wherewegetintotroubleiswhenourself-worthisdependentuponwhetherwewinsomeone’sapprovalornot.Thisneedtobelikedcanbetracedbacktowhenwewerechildrenandwerecompletelydependentonotherstotakecareofus:Smallchildrenarenotjustlearninghowtowalkandcommunicate,theyarealsotryingtolearnhowtheworldworks.Welearnaboutwhoweareandwhatisexpectedofusbasedoninteractionswithothers,so,toafour-year-old,ifMommyorDaddydoesn’tlikehimorher,thereisthedangerthattheywillabandonthem.Weneedtounderstandthatwhenwedesperatelywantsomeonetoapproveofus,it’sbeingdrivenbythatlittlekidpartofusthatisstillterrifiedofabandonment.Asyoubecomemorecapableofprovidingyourselfwiththeapprovalyouseek,yourneedforexternalvalidationwillstarttovanish,leavingyoustronger,moreconfident,andyes,happierinyourlife.Imaginehowmuchtimeweloseeachmomentwerestrainourauthenticselvesinanefforttobeliked.Ifwebaseourworthontheopinionsofothers,wecheatourselvesofthepowertoshapeourexperiencesandembracelifenotonlyforothersbutalsoforourselves,becauseultimately,thereisnodifference.Soembracethecliché(老話)andloveyourselfasit’shighlydoubtfulthatyou’llregretit.46.WhatcanweconcludefromLaoZi’squotation?A)Weshouldseethroughotherpeople’sattempttomakeaprisonerofus.B)Wecanneverreallypleaseotherpeopleevenifwetryashardaswecan.C)Wecanneverbetrulyfreeiftakingtoheartothers’opinionofus.D)Weshouldcareaboutotherpeople’sviewasmuchastheycareaboutourown.47.Whatwillhappenifwebaseourself-worthonotherpeople’sapproval?A)Ourdesiretobelovedwillbefulfilled.B)Ourlifewillbeunfruitfulandexhausting.C)Ouridentityassocialbeingswillbeaffected.D)Oursenseofselfwillbesharpenedandenhanced.48.Whatmayaccountforourneedtobelikedorapprovedof?A)Ourdesperatelongingforinteractionswithothers.B)Ourunderstandingoftheworkingsoftheworld.C)Ourknowledgeaboutthepainofabandonment.D)Ourearlychildhoodfearofbeingdeserted.49.Whatcanwedowhenwebecomebetterabletoprovideourselveswiththedesiredapproval?A)Enjoyahappierlife.B)Exerciseself-restraint.C)Receivemoreexternalvalidation.D)Strengthenourpowerofimagination.50.Whatdoestheauthoradviseustodointhelastparagraph?A)Embracelifeforourselvesandforothers.B)Baseourworthonothers’opinions.C)Seeourexperiencesasassets.D)Loveourselvesasweare.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Somepeoplehavesaidagingismoreaslideintoforgetfulnessthanajourneytowardswisdom.However,agrowingbodyofresearchsuggeststhatlate-in-lifelearningispossible.Inreality,educationdoesanagingbraingood.Throughoutlife,people’sbrainsconstantlyrenovatethemselves.Inthelate1960s,BritishbrainscientistGeoffreyRaismanspiedgrowthindamagedbrainregionsofratsthroughanelectronmicroscope;theirbrainswereforgingnewconnections.Thismeantbrainsmaychangeeverytimeapersonlearnssomethingnew.Ofcourse,thatdoesn’tmeanthebrainisn’taffectedbytheeffectsoftime.Justasheightusuallydeclinesovertheyears,sodoesbrainvolume:Humansloseabout4percenteverydecadestartingintheir40s.Butthatreductiondoesn’tnecessarilymakepeoplethinkslower;aslongaswearealiveandfunctioning,wecanalterourbrainswithnewinformationandexperiences.Infact,scientistsnowsuspectaccumulatingnovelexperiences,facts,andskillscankeeppeople’smindsmoreflexible.Newpathwayscanstrengthenourever-changingmentalstructure,evenasthebrainshrinks.Conventionalfixeslikewordpuzzlesandbrain-trainingappscancontributetomentaldurability.Evensomethingassimpleastakingadifferentroutetothegrocerystoreorgoingsomewherenewonvacationcankeepthebrainhealthy.Adesirefornewlifechallengescanfurtherboostbrainpower.Researchaboutagingadultswhotakeonnewenterprisesshowsimprovedfunctionandmemoryaswellasareducedriskofmentaldisease.Openness—acharacteristicdefinedbycuriosityandadesireforknowledge—mayalsohelpfolkspassbraintests.Somefolksarebornwiththistake-in-theworldattitude,butthosewhoaren’tasgeneticallygiftedaren’tnecessarilyoutofluck.Whilegenescanencourageaninterestindoingnewthings,a2012studyinthejournalPsychologyandAgingfoundcompletingreasoningtaskslikepuzzlesandnumbergamescanenhancethatdesirefornovelexperiences,whichcan,inturn,refreshthebrain.That’swhybrainscientistRichardKennedysays“It’snotthatolddogscan’tlearnnewtricks.It’sthatmaybeolddogsdon’trealizewhytheyshould.”51.Whatdosomepeoplethinkofagingadults?A)Theirwisdomgrowsastimegoesby.B)Theirmemorygraduallydeteriorates.C)Theycanbenefitfromlate-in-lifelearning.D)Theyarelikelytohavementalhealthissues.52.WhatcanweconcludefromGeoffreyRaisman’sfinding?A)Braindamageseriouslyhindersone’slearning.B)Brainpowerweakensslowerthanweimagine.C)Brainscanrefreshandimprovewithlearning.D)Brainsforgeconnectionsundernewconditions.53.Whatisonethingthathelpsmaintainthehealthofourbrainevenasitshrinks?A)Doingdailyroutinesbyconventionalmeans.B)Avoidingworryingaboutourmentaldurability.C)Imitatingolddogs’wayoflearningnewtricks.D)Approachingeverydaytasksinnovelways.54.Whatdoestheauthorsaycancontributetotheimprovementofbrainfunction?A)Beingcuriousanddesiringknowledge.B)Beingeagertopassbraintestsatanoldage.C)Risingtolife’schallengesandavoidingrisks.D)Boostingimmunitytoseriousmentaldisease