英文精神病學(xué)

英文精神病學(xué)演講人：日期：IntroductiontoPsychologyBasicConceptsinPsychologyCommonMentalDisordersTreatmentApproachesinPsychiatrySpecialConsiderationsinPsychiatricCareManagementofPsychiatricEmergencies目錄01IntroductiontoPsychologyDefinitionandHistoryofPsychologyPsychologyisthescientificstudyofthemindandbehavior,encompassingawiderangeoftopicsincludingcognition,emotion,motivation,perception,andinterpersonalrelationshipsDefinitionThefieldofpsychologyhasevolvedovertime,withsignificantcontributionsfromphilosophers,pathologists,andearlypathologistsKeymilestonesincludethedevelopmentofstructure,functionalism,behavior,andcognitivepsychologyHistoricalDevelopmentVSPsychiatryencompassedmultiplebranches,includingchildrenandadultpsychology,forensicspsychology,geriatricpsychology,andadditionpsychologySpecialtiesWithinpsychology,therearenumericalspecialtiessuchasmooddisorders,anxietydisorders,psychologicaldisorders,andeatingdisordersPsychiatristsoftenspecializeintreatingspecificconditionsorpopulationsBranchesBranchesandSpecialtieswithinPsychiatryDiagnosisandTreatmentPsychiatristsplayaclinicalroleindiagnosisandtreatingmentalhealthconditionsTheyconductcomprehensiveassessments,developtreatmentplans,andsubscribemedicinewhennecessaryCollaborationandTeamworkPsychiatristsofcollaborationwithothermentalhealthprofessionals,suchaspsychologists,socialworkers,andnurses,toprovidecomprehensivecareforpatientsTheymayalsoworkcloselywithprimarycarephysicianstocoordinatecareforpatientswithphysicalandmentalhealthconditionsRoleofPsychiatristsinMentalHealthCareAdvocacyandEducationPsychiatristsadvocatefortheneedsoftheirpatientsandworktoeducatethepublicaboutmentalhealthissuesTheymayalsobeinvolvedinresearchandthedevelopmentofnewtreatmentsandinterventionsRoleofPsychiatristsinMentalHealthCare02BasicConceptsinPsychologyMentalHealthReferstoastateofwellbeinginwhichanindividualrealizeshisorherownabilities,canscopewiththenormalstressesoflife,canworkproductivelyandfreely,andisabletomakeacontributiontohisorhercommunityMentalIllnessAwiderangeofconditionsthataffectmood,thinking,andbehaviorTheycanrangefrommilltosevereandcanaffectpeopleofallages,races,andrevenuesCommonTypesofMentalIllnessCompression,AnxietyDisorders,Schizophrenia,BipolarDisorder,EatingDisorders,Addition,etcMentalHealthandMentalIllnessBiologicalFactorsGeneticpredisposition,brainchemistry,andphysicalillnesscanallcontributetothedevelopmentofmentalillnessPsychologicalFactorsTraumaticexperiences,use,single,andotherstressfullifeeventscanincreasetheriskofmentalillnessSocialandEnvironmentalFactorsPoverty,discrimination,socialisolation,andotherenvironmentalfactorscanalsocontributetothedevelopmentofmentalIllnessCausesofMentalIllnessDiagnosisandClassificationofMentalDisordersDiagnosticCriteriaMentaldisordersaretypicallydiagnosedbasedonacombinationofsymptoms,signs,andimprovementinsocial,occupational,orotherimportantareasoffunctionalityClassificationSystemsThemostcommonlyusedclassificationsystemformentaldisordersistheDiagnosticandStatisticalManualofMentalDisorders(DSM),whichispublishedbytheAmericanPsychiatricAssociationDifferentialDiagnosisTheprocessofdifferentiationonementaldisorderfromanotherthatmighthavesimilarsymptomsThisisanimportantstepinensuringthatindividualsreceiveappropriatetreatmentComfortThepresenceoftwoormorementaldisordersoccurringsimultaneouslyThisiscommonandcanbecombinedfordiagnosisandtreatmentDiagnosisandClassificationofMentalDisorders03CommonMentalDisordersCompressionAmooddisordercharacterizedbypersistentfeelingsofsafety,lossofinterest,anddiverseenjoymentlifeSymptomsmayalsoincludechangesinappearance,sleep,andconcentration0102BipolarDisordersAcategoryofmooddisordersthatinvolveextremeshiftsinmood,energy,andactivitylevelsTheseshiftscanrangefromperiodsofextremehappinessandhighenergy(knownasmanicepisodes)toperiodsofextremesadnessandlowenergy(knownasdepressiveepisodes)WoodDisorders(e.g.,Compression,BipolarDisorders)Aconditioncharacterizedbyexceptional,uncontrolled,andoftenirrationalwordsabouteverydaythingsPeoplewithGADmayfeelrelieved,fatigued,andhavediversityconcentratingGeneralizedAnxietyDisorder(GAD)Ananxietydisorderinwhichpeoplehaverecursive,unwantedthoughts(observations)and/orrepetitivebehaviors(calculations)thattheyfeeltheneedtoperform.TheseobservationsandcalculationsnegotiatewithdailyactivitiesandcausesignificantstressObsessiveComprehensiveDisorder(OCD)AnxietyDisorders(e.g.,GeneralizedAnxiety,OCD)SchizophreniaAchronicandseverementaldisorderthataffectshowapersonthinks,feels,andbehavesPeoplewithschizophreniamayexperiencehallucinations,deletions,anddisorganizedspeechandbehaviorPsychologicalDisordersAbroadcategoryofmentalillnessesthatinvolvesalossofcontactwithrealityThiscanmanifestashallucinations,deletions,and/ordisorderedthinkingandbehaviorOtherexamplesofpsychologicaldisordersincludeschizoactivedisorderandcumulativedisorderSchizophreniaandOtherPsychologicalDisordersPersonalityDisordersAgroupofmentalillnessescharacterizedbyendingpatternsofinnerexperienceandbehaviorthatdevelopmarketfromtheexpectationsofthecultureoftheindividualwhoexhibitsthemThesepatternsareflexibleandpermanentacrossarangeofsituationsandcancausesignificantstressandimprovementinsocial,occupational,orotherimportantareasoffunctionalityExamplesofpersonalitydisordersincludeborderlinepersonalitydisorder,logisticpersonalitydisorder,andantagonisticpersonalitydisorderPersonalityDisorders04TreatmentApproachesinPsychiatryCognitiveBehavioralTherapy(CBT)AwidelyusedpsychologythathelpsindividualsidentifyandchangenegativethoughtsandbehaviorsPsychodynamicTherapyFocusesonunderstandingtheunconsciousmindandresolvingdeepseatedconflictsFamilyTherapyAddressesissueswithinthefamilysystemtoimprovecommunicationandresolveconflictsGroupTheoryInvolvesmultipleindividualswithsimilarissuescomingtogethertoshareexperiencesandlearncopingstrategiesPsychotherapyandCounselingUsedtotreatdepressionandsomeanxietydisordersbybalancingchemicalsinthebrainAntidepressantsHelpstoreducesymptomsofanxietyandpanicattacksAntianxietyMedicationsTreatspsychologicalsymptomssuchashallucinationsanddeletionsAntipsychoticsUsedtotreatbipolardisorderandcancertypesofdepressionbystabilizingmoodswingsMoodStabilizersPharmaceuticalwithPsychiatricMedicationsAlternativeandComprehensiveTreatmentsMindfulnessandMedicationPracticesthathelpindividualsfocusonthepresentationmomentandreducestressandanxietyArtTherapyUsecreativeprocessessuchasdrawing,painting,andsculpturetoexpressfeelingsandpromotehealingMusicTherapyUtilizemusictoimprovemood,reducestress,andenhancecognitivefunctionsYogaandExerciseIncorporatesphysicalactivityandbreakingexercisestoimprovementalwellbeing05SpecialConsiderationsinPsychiatricCareDevelopmentalstagesUnderstandingtheuniquepsychological,emotional,andsocialdevelopmentstagesofchildrenandadultsarecriticalinprovidingappropriatepsychologicalcareFamilyDynamicsFamilyrelationshipsanddynamicsplayasignificantroleinthementalhealthofchildrenandadultsConsideringfamilyfactorsintreatmentplanningcanleadtomoreeffectiveoutcomesTraumaandAbuseChildrenandadultsmayexperiencetraumaorabuse,whichcanhavefoundeffectsontheirmentalhealthItisimportanttoscreenfortheseexperiencesandprovideappropriatesupportandinterventionChildandAdolescentPsychologyTreatmentmodalitiesArangeoftreatmentmodalities,includingplaytherapy,cognitivebehavioraltherapy,andfamilytherapy,maybeusedtoaddressthementalhealthneedsofchildrenandadultsChildandAdolescentPsychologyGeriacPsychiatryAgeRelatedChangesUnderstandingthephysiologicalandpsychologicalchangesassociatedwithagingisessentialinpromotingpsychologicalcaretoolderadultsCoOccurringMedicalConditionsOldadultsoftenhavemultiplemedicalconditionsthatcaninteractwithandexaggeratementalhealthissuesItisimportanttoconsiderthesefactorsintreatmentplanningMedicalManagementOlderadultsmaybemoresensitivetotheeffectsofmedicine,anditisimportanttocarefullymonitorandadjustdosagesasneededSocialandEmotionalIssuesIsolation,loneliness,andgritarecommonemotionalissuesfacedbyolderadultsAddressingtheseissuescanimprovementalhealthoutcomesGeriacPsychiatryCulturalCompetenceItisimportantforpsychologiststobeculturallycompetentandawareoftheuniquebeliefs,values,andpracticesofdifferentculturalgroupsLanguageBarriersLanguageba