大學(xué)英語視聽說教程第八單元

AudioTask2CheckingtheFactsListentotheaudioclipagainandfillintheblanksaccordingtowhatyouhaveheard.

Repeatthesentencesafteryouhavecompletedthem.Script1.Anyonewhofeelsdownissufferingfromclinicaldepression.2.Depressioncanbetriggeredbylife-changingevents.3.Depressiononlychangesthewaypeoplethink,notthewaytheybehave.FFT

Everybodyfeelsdownforadayortwo.Thissadnessisanaturalpartofbeinghumanand

feelingthiswayforafewdaysisnormal.Butifthesefeelingslastformorethanacoupleofweeks

andyoustartnoticingthatit’saffectingyourlifeinabigway,youmaybesufferingfromanillness

calleddepression.

Depression,alsoknownasclinicaldepression,isamooddisorderthatwillaffectoneineight

peopleatsomepointintheirlives.Itchangesthewaypeoplefeel,leavingthemwithmentaland

physicalsymptomsforlongperiodsoftime.Depressioncanbetriggeredbyalife-changingevent

suchasthelossofajob,theendofarelationshiporthelossofalovedone,orotherlifestresseslike

amajordeadline,movingtoanewcityorhavingababy.Whiledepressioncanaffectanyone,atany

time,itdoesseemtostrikemostoftenwhenapersonisgoingthroughchanges—changes

likethe

lossofalovedone,startinguniversityortheonsetofanillness.Oneofthemostimportantthingstorememberisthatpeoplewhohaveitcan’tjust“snapoutofit”ormakeitgoaway.It’sarealillness,andtheleadingcauseofsuicide.ScriptVideoTask3CheckingYourComprehensionWatchthispartofthevideoclipandanswerthefollowingquestions.1.Whatdoweknowaboutthebrainsofdepressedpeople?Answer:Theyaredifferentfromthebrainsofthosewhodonotsufferfromdepression.2.WhyarescientistsatNIMHstudyingbrainimagesofdepressedpeople?Answer:Theyaretryingtolearnwhydepressionaffectssomepeoplebutnotothers.3.WhatisthepurposeofNIMH’sstudiesofthevariousfactorsthatinfluencedepression?Answer:Todevelopnewandbettertreatmentsfordepression.4.WhatothertreatmentismentionedbesidesCBT?

Answer:Medications./Anti-depressants.5.Whatarethefirststepsontheroadtorecoveryfromdepression?Answer:Tellingsomeoneyoutrust,andfindingadoctorortherapist.ScriptScriptRODOLFO:Ididn’twanttofaceanyone;Ididn’twanttotalktoanyone.Ididn’treallywanttodoanythingformyselfbecauseIfeltso,IfeltlikeIwassuchanawfulpersonthattherewasnorealreasonformetodoanythingformyself.NARRATOR:Depressionismorethanjustafeelingofbeingdowninthedumpsorblueforafew

days.Itisaseriousillnessthataffectsmanypeople.Symptomscanvary,butmanydepressedpeopleloseinterestinactivitiestheynormallyenjoyed,havefeelingsof

sadness,

guiltandworthlessness,andhavetroubleconcentrating.RODOLFO:[I]couldn’tsitdownforaminutereallytodoanythingthattookdeepconcentration.

ItriedajournalandItriedtodothingsbutIcouldn’tdothat,Icouldn’t.Ididn’t

readabook,didn’t,didn’treallydo…Ibarelywenttoclass.Iwouldn’tgetoutof

thehouse.IwasincollegesoIwouldn’tgotoclassesatall.Igainedalotofweight.NARRATOR:Apersonwithdepressioncanfeelirritableandrestlessandhavesleep

problems.RODOLFO:SometimesI’dsleeplikeonlythreehoursanightor…’causeIcouldn’tsleepforweeks,andthen…Butmostofthetimetheoppositehappened,whereIwould

sleep10,12,15hoursadayeven.NARRATOR:Peoplewhoaredepressedcanfeelnumbandtiredallthetime.Insomecases,itcan

evenleadtothoughtsofsuicide.

ScriptRODOLFO:ItwaslikeIhadbighugeweightsonmylegsandIwastryingtoswimandjustkeptsinking.AndI'dgetalittlebitofair,justenoughtosurviveandthenI'dgobackdownagain.Itwasjustconstantly,constantlyjustfighting,fighting,fighting,

fighting,fighting.

NARRATOR:

Depressionisarealandcomplexillnessthatisnotyetcompletelyunderstood.We

doknowthatthebrainsofpeoplewithdepressionaredifferentfromthosewithouttheillness,butwearen’tsurewhy.ScientistsattheNationalInstituteofMentalHealtharestudyingbrainimagesofpeoplewhosufferfromdepression,tryingtolearnwhyitaffectssomepeoplebutnotothers.Treatmentsfordepressiondowork.OnetypeofeffectivepsychotherapyiscalledcognitivebehavioraltherapyorCBT.CBTcanhelpyouchangewaysofthinkingandbehavingthatmaybedamagingorcontributetodepression.RODOLFO:IhadonereallygoodtherapistandthroughherIthinkIstartedreallythinkingaboutthatIdidhavedepression.

Script

NARRATOR:Medicationscalledanti-depressantscanalsohelp.NIMHresearchersaregettingclosertofiguringoutexactlyhowthesemedicationswork,whobenefitsfromthemthemost,andhowtomakebetter,moreeffectiveones.Formanypeople,acombinationofmedicationandpsychotherapymaybethebestchoice.Depressioncanbesuccessfullytreatedinmanypeople,butsometimestreatmentsfallshort.Forthisreason,NIMHcontinuestostudythegenetic,biologicalandenvironmentalfactorsthatinfluencedepressionsothatnewandbettertreatmentscanbedeveloped.RODOLFO:Withpeopleitbecameeasier.Itotallythinkitisaloteasierwhenpeopleknow.Ithinkthatwasoneofthekeythingsthathelpedmedoit,sothatIwasn’tdoingitallalone.NARRATOR:Ifyouhavedepression,tellingfriends,familyorsomeoneyoutrust,andfindinga

doctorortherapistarethefirststepsontheroadtorecovery.Depressiontreatmentcantaketimetowork,sodon’tgiveup.Readmoreaboutdepressiononthiswebpage.Ifthesystemfit,gethelpnow.

Morethan16millionyoungpeopleattendcollegesanduniversitiesintheUnitedStates.AccordingtotheSuicidePreventionResourceCenter,afifthofcollegestudentsexperienceamental

illness,andmoreandmorestudentsarriveoncampushavingreceivedmentalhealthservicesbefore

startingtheircollegecareers.Also,increasingnumbersofstudentsareseekinghelpforemotional

problemsthatoccuraftertheyarriveatcollege.

College-ageadultsareespeciallyvulnerabletomentalhealthproblems,inpartbecausemanymentalhealthissuesfirstemergeinthelateteensorearly20s.Overall,anestimated27percentof

youngadultsbetweentheagesof18and24havediagnosablementalhealth

problems.

Accordingtoastudyofcollegefreshmen,theirfeelingsabouttheirphysicalandemotionalhealthhitrecordlowsin2001.Forexample,thepercentageoffreshmenwhoreportedfeelingthattherewasaverygoodchancetheywouldseekpersonalcounselingwhileattendingcollegereached6.6percent.Morethan35percentoffirst-yearfemalestudentsreportedfeelingfrequentlyoverwhelmedbywhattheyhadtodo,asdidnearly20percentoffirst-yearmalestudents.Script1.Collegestudentsfeeldepressedonlyinthefirsttwoweeksoftheircollegelife.2.Depressedcollegestudentsaremorelikelytodropoutofschool.3.Collegefreshmen’sstresscomesmainlyfromhomesicknessandloneliness.4.Manyhighschoolseniorsarenotwellpreparedforthestressfulaspectsof

collegelife.5.Ifdepressionlastsformorethanaweek,studentsshouldturntotheirfriendsfor

help.VideoTask2CheckingYourComprehensionWatchtheclipagainanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsareTrue(T)orFalse(F).TTFFTScriptANCHORWOMAN:Anewstudyouttonightshowsthatdepressionisabig

problemoncollegecampuses.Formanystudents,collegeis

thefirsttimethey’reoutontheirown,andtheexperiencecan

quicklybecomeoverwhelming.NARRATOR:Sarahisahighschoolsenior,busynarrowingdowncollege

choicesandwritingapplications.She’sexcitedbutalsoalittle

worried.SARAH:Ithinkit’sgoingtobedifficultto,youknow,makeallthose

newfriendsandadjusttoitsoquickly.NARRATOR:Itmaybemoredifficultthansheknows.Accordingtoanew

AssociatedPressPoll,85percentofcollegestudentsfeel

stressed,42percentsaytheyhavefeltdepressedorhopeless

inthepasttwoweeks,andanother13percentshowedthe

signsofbeingatriskfromdepressionDR.JOHNLOCHRIDGE(apsychiatrist):Theyjustgetthereandthey’resurprisedbyhowmuch

homesicknesstheyhave,howmuchlonelinesstheymayhave

amongstallthesepeople….

KASIMHASAN(acollegestudent):It’salittlestressful,butI’mtryingtoholdit,andholdit

together,youknow,together,sofar.ScriptNARRATOR:AndaccordingtoastudybytheUniversityofMichigan,

collegestudentswhoaredepressedaretwiceaslikelytodrop

outofschool.Manyhighschoolseniorsdon’tanticipatethat

partofthecollegeexperienceandthat’swhyparentsshould

preparethem.DR.JOHNLOCHRIDGE:Youhavetoopenupthatconversationandsay,“Youknow,I

thinkit’sgoingtobeharderthanyouthink.It’sgonna…it’sa

differentkindofstressfromanythingyou’reusedto”.NARRATOR:Letthemknowit’sOKtofeeldownattimesandthatyou’llbetheretolisten.Andencouragethemtotalkabouttheirstruggleswitharoommateornewfriendsbecausethey’reprobablystruggling,too.Sarahrealizesthatstruggleispartofbecominganadult.SARAH:It’sallgoingtofallonme.Ihavetogeteverythingdone,andjusthopefullyIcanbecomeindependentandrelyonmyself.ANCHORWOMAN:Well,expertssayit’snormalforanycollegestudentstofeeldownforadayortwo.Butifthesadnesslastsformorethanaweekandleavesthemunableandunwillingtofunction,itmightbeclinicaldepression,andtheyshouldseea

[professional].HomeListeningIfyouknowapersonwhoisshowingsignsofseveredepression,thebestthingyoucandoisbethereforthemandshowthemyou1)____.Thekeytorememberhereistoprovidesupportandcompanionship,eventhoughtheymayrepeatedlyrefuseyouroffersofhelpandevenseekto2)_______you.Listentowhattheyhavetosay.Suggesttothemthatperhapstheyshouldseek3)___________help.Supportthembygoingwiththemtothedoctor,iftheyfeelyourcompanywillbeahelp.Encouragethemto4)_________inactivitiessuchasgoingtothecinemaortakingawalkinthepark.Iftheydon’twanttodothat,thenperhapssuggestrentingamovietowatchathome.IrememberthatduringmydepressiveboutsI5)__________tostayindoors,soIalways6)_________someonerentingamovieformetoseeathome.AnotherthingthatIwas7)________forduringthosedifficulttimesweretheinspirationalbooksandgiftsthatfriendsgaveme.Manyofthose