Unit 4 《Listening and Speaking Reading and Thinking 知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理》學(xué)案2023-2024學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期英語(yǔ)人教版（2019）必修第一冊(cè)

新人教版高中英語(yǔ)必修第一冊(cè)PAGEPAGE1ListeningandSpeaking&ReadingandThinking〖知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理〗affectvt.影響；(疾病)侵襲；深深打動(dòng)(effectn．影響；效果；作用effectiveadj.有效的)·affectsb./sth.影響某人/某事bedeeplyaffectedby...被……深深打動(dòng)·haveaneffecton/upon...對(duì)……有影響comeintoeffect生效；開(kāi)始實(shí)施takeeffect開(kāi)始起作用，見(jiàn)效；生效，開(kāi)始實(shí)施(1)(2021·全國(guó)甲卷，書(shū)面表達(dá))ThethemeclassmeetingtobeheldinthelecturehallnextSaturdaywillaffectexchangestudentsgreatly.＝ThethemeclassmeetingtobeheldinthelecturehallnextSaturdaywillhaveagreateffectonexchangestudents.下周六在報(bào)告廳舉行的主題班會(huì)將對(duì)交換生有極大的影響。(2)(讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之感動(dòng)心理描寫(xiě))Theaudiencewereaffectedbythemovingstory，withtearswellingupintheireyes.觀眾被這個(gè)感人的故事打動(dòng)了，眼里涌出了淚水。(3)(應(yīng)用文之倡議書(shū))Icallonourschooltotakeeffectivemeasurestobuildalow-carboncampus.Isincerelyhopethatthemeasurescantakeeffect/comeintoeffectassoonaspossible.我呼吁我們學(xué)校采取有效措施創(chuàng)建低碳校園。我真誠(chéng)地希望這些措施可以盡快生效。ruinn．廢墟；毀滅vt.破壞；毀滅；使破產(chǎn)·be/lieinruins成為廢墟；毀滅·ruinone’shope/health/plan...毀掉/破壞某人的希望/健康/計(jì)劃等(1)Whenwereachedthedestination，wesawanoldtemplelyinginruins.當(dāng)我們到達(dá)目的地時(shí)，我們看到了一座成為廢墟的古廟。(2)Theheavyrainruinedourplantohaveamarathon.大雨破壞了我們進(jìn)行馬拉松賽跑的計(jì)劃。shockn．震驚；令人震驚的事；休克vt.(使)震驚(shockingadj.令人震驚的shockedadj.震驚的，驚訝的)·beshockedat/bysth.對(duì)……吃驚beshockedtodosth.做某事很吃驚·agreatshocktosb.對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)是極大的震驚inshock震驚地；吃驚地toone’sshock令某人吃驚的是(1)Rescueworkerswereshockedbythedamagethatthefloodhadcaused.救援人員被洪水造成的損失驚呆了。(2)Janewasshockedtofindthatshewaslostintheforestandshecouldn’thelpcrying.簡(jiǎn)震驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)她在樹(shù)林中迷路了，她忍不住哭了起來(lái)。(3)Hissituationwasagreatshocktousall.他的處境使我們大家都大為震驚。(4)Heexclaimedinshock，“Whatonearthcausedourfailure？”他震驚地喊道，“到底是什么導(dǎo)致了我們的失敗？”(5)Tomyshock，memoryfloodedbackwhenIvisitedthestadiumonceagain.令我吃驚的是，當(dāng)我重游體育館時(shí)，回憶涌上了心頭。trapvt.使陷入困境；使陷入圈套n．陷阱；險(xiǎn)境·betrappedin困在……中；陷在……中trapo(doing)sth.誘使某人(做)某事·setatrapfor給……設(shè)圈套fallintoatrap落入圈套/陷阱(1)Whentravelling，theyweretrappedinthemountain，waitingtoberescued.旅行時(shí)，他們被困在山上，等待救援。(2)Thepolicetrappedhimintotellingthetruth.警察設(shè)圈套使他講出實(shí)情。(3)Thehuntersetatrapforthewolftocatchit.獵人為逮住狼設(shè)了個(gè)圈套。(4)Ifyouchoosethisway，you’relikelytofallintoatrap.如果你選擇這條路，你很有可能會(huì)落入圈套。buryvt.埋葬；掩埋；隱藏buryone’sface/headinone’shands雙手捂臉/抱頭eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(buryoneselfindoingsth.,beburiedindoingsth.))埋頭/專(zhuān)心(做)……(1)Sheburiedherfaceinherhandsandweptwhensheheardthebadnews.當(dāng)她聽(tīng)到那個(gè)壞消息時(shí)，她掩面而泣。(2)(2021·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷，讀后續(xù)寫(xiě))Thetwinsburiedthemselvesin/wereburiedincookingbreakfastandtheydidn’tnoticetheirfatherslideintothekitchen.這對(duì)雙胞胎專(zhuān)心做早飯，他們沒(méi)有注意到爸爸溜進(jìn)了廚房。effortn．努力；盡力；艱難的嘗試sparenoeffortstodosth.不遺余力做某事makeefforts/anefforttodosth.努力做某事makeeveryeffort/alleffortstodosth.盡全力做某事inanefforttodosth.為了做成某事；努力做某事withjointefforts共同努力withouteffort毫不費(fèi)力(應(yīng)用文之申請(qǐng)信)IfIamacceptedasyourteachingassistant，Iwillsparenoeffort(s)toperformmyduties.Firstly，Iwillmakeeffortstohelpyouorganisevariousactivities.Besides，Iwilluniteclassmatesinanefforttodoabetterjob.Afterall，onlywithjointeffortswillwemanagetheclasswell.Lastly，Iwillmakeeveryefforttohelpthosestudentswhoareintrouble.Allinall，youcanteachEnglishinChinawithouteffortwiththehelpofme.如果我被接受為您的助教，我將努力履行我的職責(zé)。首先，我將努力幫您組織各種各樣的活動(dòng)。其次，為了更好地開(kāi)展工作，我將團(tuán)結(jié)同學(xué)。畢竟只有我們共同努力才能管理好班級(jí)。最后，我將盡全力幫助處在困境中的那些同學(xué)。總之，在我的幫助下，您會(huì)毫不費(fèi)力地在中國(guó)教英語(yǔ)。suffervt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等)受苦(sufferingn．痛苦；苦惱；讓人痛苦的事)sufferpain/damage/loss/failure遭受痛苦/破壞/損失/失敗sufferfrom受……的折磨；因……而受苦(1)Thesmalltownsufferedagreatlossfromtheseriousdrought.小鎮(zhèn)因?yàn)閲?yán)重的旱災(zāi)蒙受了巨大的損失。(2)Alotofmoneyhasbeencollectedtohelpthosewhoaresufferingfromthefloods.已經(jīng)籌集了很多錢(qián)來(lái)幫助遭受洪災(zāi)的人們。(3)Thesurvivornevertalkedabouthissuffering(s)inthedisaster.那位幸存者從不談?wù)撍跒?zāi)難中遭受的痛苦。cometoanend結(jié)束；終結(jié)attheendof在……末端bytheendof到……末為止用于完成時(shí)intheend最后；終于bring/putanendto...結(jié)束……(1)Thewarwascomingtoanend，soeveryonebecamemorepositiveaboutlife.這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)快要結(jié)束了，所以每個(gè)人都變得對(duì)生活更樂(lè)觀了。(2)Theaudienceclappedtheirhandsviolentlyattheendofthechampion’sspeech.在這位冠軍演講的最后，觀眾們熱烈地鼓掌。(3)Bytheendoflastmonth，theathletehadwonfivemedals.到上個(gè)月月底為止，這名運(yùn)動(dòng)員已經(jīng)獲得了五枚獎(jiǎng)牌。(4)Intheend，thecaptainadmittedthathehadcheatedinthegame.最終，這個(gè)隊(duì)長(zhǎng)承認(rèn)在比賽中作弊了。(5)Whatshouldwedotoput/bringanendtotheterribledrought？我們應(yīng)該怎么做來(lái)結(jié)束這場(chǎng)嚴(yán)重的干旱？gothrough經(jīng)歷；經(jīng)受goagainst違背goout熄滅goover復(fù)習(xí)(1)Theinjuredpassengertolduswhathehadgonethroughintheaccident.那位受傷的乘客告訴了我們他在事故中經(jīng)歷的事情。(2)Theguywasdeterminednottogoagainsthisfather’swishes.這個(gè)小伙子決心不違背他父親的愿望了。(3)Whenwewereworkingoutinthegym，thelightswentoutsuddenly.我們?cè)诮∩矸垮憻挄r(shí)，燈突然滅了。(4)Ican’tstresstheimportanceofgoingoverwhatwehavelearntintimetoomuch.我怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)及時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)所學(xué)過(guò)的東西的重要性都不為過(guò)。asif/though教材原句Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend！仿佛世界末日即將來(lái)臨！(P50)asif/though“似乎；好像；仿佛”可用來(lái)引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句和方式狀語(yǔ)從句，其用法如下：(1)ItseemsasifyouarereallyinterestedinChineseculture.SoIrecommendyoutoapplyforPekingUniversity，oneofthebestuniversitiesinChina.(真實(shí)情況)好像你真對(duì)中國(guó)文化感興趣，因此我建議你申請(qǐng)北京大學(xué)，中國(guó)最好的大學(xué)之一。(2)ThecaptaintreatsmeasifIwerehisowndaughter.(與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反)隊(duì)長(zhǎng)對(duì)待我好像我是他自己的女兒一樣。(3)Tomandhisnewfriendtalkedasthoughtheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.(與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反)湯姆和他的新朋友說(shuō)起話來(lái)好像他們是多年的朋友一樣。(4)Itseemsasifthemeetingwouldnevercometoanend.(與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反)看起來(lái)好像會(huì)議永不會(huì)結(jié)束。主語(yǔ)＋be＋adj.＋todo教材原句Water，foodandelectricitywerehardtoget.水、食物和電很難獲得。(P50)此句含有“主語(yǔ)＋be＋adj.＋todo”句式，不定式用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義。若不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)在其后面加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。常用的形容詞有：hard，difficult，easy，important，interesting，necessary，pleasant，comfortable。(1)Ifyoufollowtheabovesuggestions，yoursituationisnothardtochange.如果你聽(tīng)從以上建議，你的情況不難改變。(2)(2021·全國(guó)甲卷，書(shū)面表達(dá))Withyourtimelyandgenerousadvice，thethemeclassmeetingiseasytosuitthefore