醫(yī)學(xué)英語單詞大題

alveolar肺泡的amelioration改善好轉(zhuǎn)anastomose吻合antiinflammatory抗炎的artifact人工產(chǎn)物atelectasis肺膨脹不全attenuate減弱autogenous自體的barotrauma氣壓傷bronchopneumonia支氣管肺炎bypass分流術(shù)cardiopulmonary心肺的cerebrospinal腦脊髓的cistern腦池coagulation凝結(jié)cohort隊(duì)列comorbidity合并癥concomitant伴發(fā)的conduit導(dǎo)管管道contusion挫傷cortical皮質(zhì)的corticotropin促腎上腺皮質(zhì)激素cryopreserve低溫貯藏distal遠(yuǎn)端的exacerbation加重extravasation外滲fibrillation纖維性顫動fibrosis纖維化ganglia基底的gastrin胃泌素gastroepiploic胃網(wǎng)膜的glial神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)的glutaraldehyde戊二醛grafting移植術(shù)helicobacter螺旋菌數(shù)hemodynamics血液動力學(xué)histamine組胺homograft同種移植hyaline透明的hydrocephalus腦積水hyperemia充血hypodense低密度的hypothermia低溫的integration結(jié)合interleukin白細(xì)胞介素intravascular血管內(nèi)的kinins激肽lacunar腔隙的leukocyte白細(xì)胞macrophage巨噬細(xì)胞membrane膜metabolic代謝的morphological形態(tài)學(xué)的nasal鼻的neurological神經(jīng)學(xué)的neurotoxicity神經(jīng)中毒obviate避免occlusion閉塞oedema水腫operant自發(fā)性的patency開放pepsinogen胃蛋白酶原perforate穿孔permeability滲透petechial瘀斑狀的platelet血小板pons腦橋prophylaxis預(yù)防proteus變形桿菌psychoneuroimmunologic心理神經(jīng)免疫的pulmonary肺部的pylori幽門radial橈骨的radioisotope放射性同位素regurgitation回流reticuloendothelial網(wǎng)狀內(nèi)皮的retrievable可恢復(fù)的saphenous隱靜脈的septal中隔得serotonin血清素subclavian鎖骨下的susceptibility易感性throe劇痛thrombolytic溶解血栓的thyrotropin促甲狀腺素toxaemia毒血癥tracheostomy氣管造口術(shù)transmural透壁的vasodilator血管舒張藥vasogenic血管源性的ventilator呼吸機(jī)ventriculography心室造影術(shù)virulent有毒的Whatapproacheshastheauthormentionedtotreatcoronaryarterydisease?surgicaltreatmentofcoronaryheartdiseasebycoronaryarteryby-passgrafting(CABG)isanimportanttherapyforpatientswithacuteandchronicsyndromesofischemicheartdisease.Balloonangioplasty(PTCA)isnowgenerallyindicatedforlessserveanatomicmanifestationsofobstructedcoronarylesionsforsingle-vesseldiseasebutisusedinsomepatientswithmorethanonecoronarylesion,especiallytwo-vesseldisease.Whatfactor,accordingtotheauthor,aretheprerequisitesforsuccessinCABG?theincreasinglywidespectrumofoperativeindicationsrequiresconsiderableingenuity,betteroperativetechniquesincludingcoronarybypassconduits,markedlyimprovedmyocardialprotection,andsophisticatedtechniquesforlife-supportduringandaftersurgery.Whatclinicalmanifestationsdoeschronicstableanginashow?WhydothepatientsinthiscategoryneedCABGmost?thesepatients,predominantlymeninthesixthdecadeoflife,haveeffortanginaorstress-relatedanginathatismoreorlesscontrolledbymedicaltherapybutattheexpenseofaconsiderablereductioninactivity.Thesepatientsrequiredrugswhichmayproduceaconsiderablenumberofuntowardeffects.WhyisitsuspectedthatAlexandermighthavediedfromaperforatedpepticulcer?Alexanderthegreatdiedattheageof32,withacuteabdominalpainthatbeganafterseveraldaysofdrinking.Soitissuspectedthat…Whydidresearchintostresseffectsonulcerfalloff?afterHelicobacterpyloriprovedtobeakeyandcurableelementintheulcerdiathesis,manyconcludethattherealcausehadbeenfoundandhadnothingtodowithpsychology.Sotheresearchinto…IsusingHpyloriandnonsteroidalanti-inflammatorydrugstheonlyetiologicfactorofulcer?morethat80%ofHpylori-infectedpeopleneverdevelopanulcer,whileatleast10%ofpatientswithnon-NSAID-relatedpepticulcershavenoHpyloriinfection.Thistestifiestotheroleoffactorsadditionaltoinfectioninpepticulceration.ThefiledisthereforeopenforotherfactorsworkinginconjunctionwithHpyloriorcausingulcersthroughalternativepathways.Whatarethebehaviorriskfactorforulcer?Howdotheyaffectthehealingofulcer?amongpotentialmediators,severalknownbehavioralriskfactorsforulcers—smoking,alcoholabuse,andlackofsleep—haveclearassociationswithreal-lifestressandareknowntoimpairwoundhealingthroughtheireffectsonimmunefunction.Whataretheothernamesofrespiratorydistresssyndromeofshockandtrauma?itgoesbymanyothernames,includingshocklung,post-traumaticpulmonaryinsufficiency,wetlung,daNanglungs,adulthyalinemembranediseaseandhemorrhagiclungsyndrome.WhydotheauthorspreferthetermRDSofshockandtrauma?wepreferthetermRDSofshockandtraumabecausewebelievethatthesyndromeoccursonlyaftersevereshockandtraumaandbecausethistermbyitselfdoesnotdenoteaspecificetiologyHowsoonwillsomepatientsdeveloprespiratoryfailure?insomepatients,therespiratoryfailureisfullydevelopedwithin48hours,wellbeforeinfectionhashadachancetoestablishitself.Inotherpatients,therespiratoryfailuremayworsen4ormoredaysaftertheinjuryormayinitiallymanifestitself4ormoredaysaftertheinjury.WhendothepathologicalchangesofRDSdevelop?pathologicalchangesdevelopaftertheinjury.WhatcomplicationsarethemostcommononesofRDSofshockandtrauma?secondarybacterialcolonizationforthelungandpersistentpulmonaryinfectionarethemostcommoncomplicationsoftheRDSofshockandtrauma.Whatfactorsshouldbeconsideredindefiningacertainlesionasaninfarction?apartfromclinicalcriteria,severalCTaspectshavetobeconsideredtodefinethatacertainlesionisandinfraction:locationsanddistributionofthelesion,densitychangesandtheirevolutioninserialscans,andmodificationsofthelesionafterintravenouscontrastadministration.Whyisthebestevidenceofthelesionintheearlyphaseonthe3rdand4thdayafterthestroke?thehypodensityisinitiallymildandpoorlydefined;within2or3daystheattenuationvaluesbecomelower,themarginsofthelesionbecomebetterdefined,andthelesionclearlyappearstoinvolvedb