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翻譯三級筆譯綜合能力模擬13Section1:VocabularyandGrammarThissectionconsistsof3parts.Readthedirectionsfo(江南博哥)reachpartbeforeansweringthequestions.Part1VocabularySelectionInthispart,thereare20incompletesentences.Beloweachsentence,thereare4choicesmarkedbylettersA,B,C,Drespectively.Choosethewordorphrasewhichbestcompleteseachsentence.ThereisonlyONErightanswer.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletterasrequiredonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.1.

Withoutthefrictionbetweentheirfeetandtheground,peoplewould______beabletowalk.A.innotimeB.byallmeansC.innowayD.onanyaccount正確答案:C[解析]innoway決不,一點也不。A.innotime立刻,馬上;B.byallmeans當然,一定;D.onanyaccount無論如何。

2.

Whiletyping,Helenhasahabitofstopping______togiveherlongandflowinghairasmooth.A.occasionallyB.simultaneouslyC.eventuallyD.promptly正確答案:A[解析]occasionally偶爾,間或。B.simultaneously同時;C.eventually最終,終于;D.promptly立即,迅速地。

3.

OnereasonforthesuccessesofAsianimmigrantsintheU.S.isthattheyhavetakengreat______toeducatetheirchildren.A.effortsB.painsC.attemptsD.endeavours正確答案:B[解析]pains努力,辛苦,可與take搭配,havetakengreatpains意思是“煞費苦心”。A.efforts努力;C.attempts試圖,嘗試;D.endeavours努力,與efforts同義。A、C、D項都不與動詞take搭配。

4.

Thepricesquotedabovedonotincludeanytaxesandlevies______uponthePersonnelbytheGovernmentoftheproject-hostcountry.A.imposedB.importedC.improvedD.impressed正確答案:A[解析]impose征稅。B.import進口;C.improve提高;D.impress蓋印。

5.

Themonopoly-capitalistgroup______manysmallerenterpriseslastyear.A.integratedB.mergedC.combinedD.collected正確答案:B[解析]merge兼并。A.integrate聯(lián)合;C.combine聯(lián)合;D.collect收款。

6.

Thelocalauthority______thecompanyaninterest-freeloantostartupthenewfactory.A.grantedB.allocatedC.financedD.sponsored正確答案:A[解析]grant捐贈。B.allocate贊助;C.finance資助;D.sponsor舉辦。

7.

Myfatherhasbeenonthe______inthisfactoryfornearly20years.A.paypacketB.payoffC.payrollD.payment正確答案:C[解析]payroll工資表。A.paypacket工資袋;B.payoff還清債;D.payment支付。

8.

Customersmayalsobepermittedto______theircurrentaccountsforashortperiodinanticipationofacredititemcomingin.A.overextendB.overdrawC.overvalueD.overpay正確答案:B[解析]overdraw透支。A.overextend貨款過多;C.overvalue估價過高;D.overpay多付款。

9.

Ifyouwanttobuythishouse,thepaymentmaybemadeinfive______.A.installmentsB.piecesC.sharesD.parts正確答案:A[解析]installment分期付款。B.piece部分;C.share份額;D.part部分。

10.

Thepurposeofa______istocutdownimportsinordertoprotectdomesticindustryandworkersfromforeigncompetition.A.taxB.tollC.feeD.tariff正確答案:D[解析]tariff關稅。A.tax稅;B.toll服務費;C.fee費用。

11.

Iftheprofitsinoneyeararenotsufficienttopaythedividend,the______willbepaidfromtheprofitsoflateryear.A.arrearB.debtC.differenceD.margin正確答案:A[解析]arrear欠款。B.debt債;C.difference差額;D.margin價差。

12.

Dozensofscientificgroupsallovertheworldhavebeen______thegoalofapracticalandeconomicwaytousesunlighttosplitwatermolecules.A.pursuingB.chasingC.reachingD.winning正確答案:A[解析]pursue追求,尋求,與goal搭配。B.chase追逐,追趕;C.reach達到;D.win贏得。

13.

Thediscussionwassoprolongedandexhaustingthat______thespeakersstoppedforrefreshments.A.atlargeB.atintervalsC.ateaseD.atrandom正確答案:B[解析]atintervals不時,時時。A.atlarge逍遙法外,未被捕獲;C.atease自在,合適;D.atrandom任意,隨機。

14.

Whentravelling,youareadvisedtotaketravellers'checks,whichprovideasecure______tocarryingyourmoneyincash.A.substituteB.selectionC.preferenceD.alternative正確答案:D[解析]alternative選擇,替換物。A.substitute代用品;B.selection選擇,挑選;C.preference偏愛,優(yōu)先選擇。

15.

InevertrustedhimbecauseIalwaysthoughtofhimassucha______character.A.graciousB.suspiciousC.uniqueD.particular正確答案:B[解析]suspicious疑心的,可疑的。A.gracious寬厚的,優(yōu)美的;C.unique獨特的;D.particular特殊的,個別的。

16.

Changingfromsolidtoliquid,watertakesinheatfromallsubstancesnearit,andthis______producesartificialcoldsurroundingit.A.absorptionB.transitionC.consumptionD.interaction正確答案:A[解析]absorption吸收。B.transition傳遞,過渡;C.consumption消耗,消費;D.interaction相互作用。

17.

Ididn'tsayanythinglikethatatall.Youarepurposely______myideastoproveyourpoint.A.revisingB.contradictingC.distortingD.distracting正確答案:C[解析]distort歪曲,扭曲。A.revise修改;B.contradict反駁,互相矛盾;D.distract打擾,使走神。

18.

Thebankmanageraskedhisassistantifitwaspossibleforhimto______theinvestmentplanwithinaweek.A.workoutB.makeoutC.putoutD.setout正確答案:A[解析]workout制訂。B.makeout辨認出,懂得;C.putout生產,出版,熄滅;D.setout闡述。

19.

Don'trest

on

yourlaurels,______yoursuccess

and

startlookingfornewmarketsnow.A.addupB.followupC.workupD.countup正確答案:B[解析]followup用繼續(xù)行動來加強……的效果。A.addup加起來,合計;C.workup綜合加工,整理;D.countup共計。

20.

Somedisputesamongthesecountriesare______byhistory.A.leftoverB.turnedoverC.handedoverD.takenover正確答案:A[解析]leaveover遺留。B.turnover移交,交給;C.handover移交,交出;D.takeover接管。

Part2VocabularyReplacementThispartconsistsof20sentences.Ineachofthemonewordorphraseisunderlined.Beloweachsentence,thereare4choicesmarkedbylettersA,B,C,Drespectively.Choosethewordorphrasethatcanreplacetheunderlinedwordwithoutcausinganygrammaticalerrororchangingthebasicmeaningofthesentence.ThereisonlyONErightanswer.Blackenthecorrespondingletterasrequiredonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.1.

Byadvocatingmoderatechange,theythinkthattheycankeepconsumercostslow.A.reasonableB.radicalC.immediateD.minimum正確答案:A[解析]A項的意思是“合理的,適中的”與moderate“適中的,適度的”意思相吻合。B項“激烈地,猛烈地”;C項“立刻,馬上”;D項“最少量”。[譯文]他們認為,提出一些適當?shù)恼{整措施,就可以保持消費者的低成本。

2.

Nuclearpower,withallitsinherentproblems,isstilltheonlyoptiontoguaranteeenoughenergyinthefuture.A.solutionB.policyC.choiceD.reason正確答案:C[解析]C項的意思是“選擇”與“option選擇”的意思相吻合。A項“解決”;B項“政策、規(guī)定”;D項“理由,原因”。[譯文]核能雖然有其固有的缺點,但要保障未來的能源供應,它是唯一的選擇。

3.

Thepromisedwageincreaseisbeingheldbackwhileitisexaminedbythegovernmenttoseeifitisgreaterthanthelawallows.A.dismissedB.delayedC.neglectedD.rejected正確答案:B[解析]B項的意思是“拖延,推遲”,該句表達的是政府有關加薪的承諾正在受到阻礙,也就是推遲了,與B項的意思相符合。A項“解雇”;C項“忽略,不管”;D項“拒絕”。[譯文]一方面,加薪的承諾被推遲了,另一方面,政府正對這次工資的增長是否符合法律規(guī)定進行審查。

4.

Safetyofficialshaveearnestlyquestionedwhethertheincreaseduseofsyntheticmaterialsheightenstheriskoffire.A.cautiouslyB.severelyC.accuratelyD.seriously正確答案:D[解析]D項的意思是“認真地”與“earnestly”的意思相吻合。A項“小心地”;B項“嚴重地”;C項“精確地”。[譯文]安全部門的官員已經認真地詢問了增加使用合成材料是否會增大火災風險的問題。

5.

Thebookshiftedheroutlookfromsocialtospiritual,foritsthemewasthatbeforeyouchangeotherpeopleyouhavetochangeyourself.A.viewpointB.vocationC.prospectD.preference正確答案:A[解析]A項的意思是“觀點”與“outlook看法”的意思相吻合。B項“職業(yè)”;C項“前途,景色”;D項“喜歡,喜愛”。[譯文]這本書把她的社會觀點轉變成了一種精神觀點,因為它的主題是你在改變他人之前你必須先改變你自己。

6.

RacingtheclockeverydayissuchanexhaustingeffortthatwhenIactuallyhaveafewfreemoments,Itendtocollapse.A.falldownB.fallillC.falloutD.fallbehind正確答案:A[解析]A項的意思是“掉下,倒下”,與“collapse塌陷”的意思相近。B項“病倒”;C項“吵鬧,爭吵”;D項“落后”。[譯文]每天與時間賽跑是一項令人疲憊不堪的工作,當我確實有時間休息時,我?guī)缀醵家辶恕?/p>

7.

Thesenatoragreedthathissupportofthemeasurewouldjeopardizehischancesforreelection.A.benefitB.endangerC.hinderD.disturb正確答案:B[解析]B項的意思是“處于危險境地,使處于危險”,而“jeopardize”表示“害處,危害,危險”故選B。A項“有利,益于”;C項“阻礙,阻饒”;D項“打攪”。[譯文]參議員承認,對該措施的支持將會降低他再次獲選的幾率。

8.

Themicroscopeenablesscientiststodistinguishanincrediblenumberandvarietyofbacteria.A.unavoidableB.unchangeableC.unbelievableD.unpredictable正確答案:C[解析]C項的意思是“不能相信的”,而“incredible”表示“不能預料的,難以置信的”,二者意思相近。A項“不可避免的”;B項“不能改變的”;D項“不能預見的”。[譯文]顯微鏡使科學家能區(qū)分出的細菌數(shù)量和種類之多,令人難以置信。

9.

HenoticedthatJoanwasstudyinghimclosely,butherexpressiongaveawaynothingofwhatshewasthinking.A.revealedB.disposedC.remindedD.distributed正確答案:A[解析]A項的意思是“泄露秘密”與“giveaway”意思一致。B項“處理”;C項“重新記起”;D項“分發(fā),分配”。[譯文]他注意到瓊正近距離地研究著他,但是從她的表情上看不出她在想什么。

10.

AtlastJohnSmithchosetostepdownasthecompany'schiefexecutiveandreturntohisrootsinsoftwareresearch.A.resignB.removeC.retireD.replace正確答案:A[解析]A項的意思是“辭職”與“stepdown”在本句表示的“離職”意思相近。B項“移動,搬走”;C項“退休”;D項“代替”。[譯文]最終,約翰史密斯選擇了辭去公司首席執(zhí)行官的職務,回到他原先從事的軟件研究領域中。

11.

Readersarerequiredtoabidebytherulesofthelibraryandmindtheirmanners.A.observeB.memorizeC.reviewD.compose正確答案:A[解析]句中詞組“abideby”表示“堅持,遵守”。A項“observe”表示“遵守,觀察”;B項“memorize”表示“記住,記憶”;C項“review”表示“回顧,復習”;D項“compose”表示“組成,寫作”。所以應該選A。[譯文]圖書館要求讀者們遵守規(guī)章制度和注意個人禮貌。

12.

Thecoachexplainedtheregulationsatlengthtomakesurethatnoneofhisplayersworldbecomeviolators.A.atlastB.atlargeC.indetailD.inshort正確答案:C[解析]句中詞“atlength”表示“詳細地”。A項“atlast”表示“最終”;B項“atlarge”表示“普遍”;C項“indetail”表示“詳細地”;D項“inshort”表示“簡而言之”。所以應該選C。[譯文]教練詳細的解釋這個規(guī)則是為了確保不讓任何一個來自世界各地的參賽者成為違規(guī)者。

13.

Thecostofhealthcareandhealthinsuranceremainsthemosturgenthealthproblemfacingthecountrytoday.A.pressingB.importantC.neglectedD.complicated正確答案:A[解析]句中詞“urgent”表示“急迫的,緊急的”。A項“pressing”表示“緊迫的”;B項“important”表示“重大的,重要的”;C項“neglected”表示“被忽視的”;D項“complicated”表示“復雜的,難解的”。所以應該選A。[譯文]現(xiàn)在,醫(yī)療保健和健康保險的花費仍然是國家所面臨的最緊迫的健康問題。

14.

Shebelievesthatsheisnotagoodmotherbecauseshedoesnotfitthestereotypeofawomanwhospendsallhertimewithherchildren.A.popularimageB.commonstandardC.fixedconceptionD.pleasantnotion正確答案:C[解析]句中詞“stereotype”表示“老套,陳詞濫調”。A項“popularimage”表示“流行的典型”;B項“commonstandard”表示“普通的標準”;C項“fixedconception”表示“固定的觀念”;D項“pleasantnotion”表示“令人愉快的觀念”。根據(jù)詞意,所以應該選C。[譯文]她認為自己不是一個好母親,因為她不適合做那些老套的事情,即花費所有的時間陪伴自己的孩子。

15.

ThusthemostlogicalapproachistofocusouranalysisonthetraderelationsofSpainwithotherEuropeancountries.A.reasoningB.conclusionC.positionD.method正確答案:D[解析]句中詞“approach”表示“方法,途徑”。A項“reasoning”表示“推理,論證”;B項“conclusion”表示“結束,結論”;C項“position”表示“位置,立場”;D項“method”表示“方法”。所以應該選D。[譯文]因此,最為合乎邏輯的方法就是把我們分析的焦點集中在西班牙與歐洲其他國家的貿易關系上。

16.

Wenolongerkeepuptheclosefriendshipofafewyearsagothoughwestillvisiteachotheronoccasion.A.ingoodtimeB.uptodateC.nowandthenD.onceandforall正確答案:C[解析]句中詞“onoccasion”表示“有時”。A項“ingoodtime”表示“及時地,迅速地”;B項“uptodate”表示“最近地,最新地”;C項“nowandthen”表示“偶爾”;D項“onceandforall”表示“斷然地,堅決地”。所以應該選C。[譯文]雖然有時我們仍然相互拜訪,但是我們已經不再維持多年前那種親密的友誼了。

17.

Theuniversityofferedseveralmorecoursesforthepurposeoffurtheringthecareeraspirationsofitsstudents.A.ambitionsB.achievementsC.advantagesD.advances正確答案:A[解析]句中詞“aspirations”表示“愿望,渴望”。A項“ambitions”表示“野心,雄心”;B項“achievement”表示“成就,功績”;C項“advantages”表示“優(yōu)勢,利益”;D項“advances”表示“接近,友好的表示”。根據(jù)相近詞的意思,應該選A。[譯文]那所大學為學生們將來所渴望從事的職業(yè)提供了更多的相關課程。

18.

Manywomenprefertousecosmeticstoenhancetheirbeautyandmakethemlookyounger.A.enforceB.magnifyC.improveD.polish正確答案:C[解析]句中詞“enhance”表示“提高,增強”。A項“enforce”表示“強迫,加強”;B項“magnify”表示“放大,擴大”;C項“improve”表示“改善,改進”;D項“polish”表示“擦光,磨光”。根據(jù)詞的意思,所以應該選C。[譯文]許多女人更喜歡使用化妝品來增添她們的美麗和使她們看起來更年輕。

19.

Theleadersofthetwocountriesareplanningtheirsummitmeetingwithapledgetomaintainanddevelopgoodties.A.strategyB.standpointC.promiseD.priority正確答案:C[解析]句中詞“pledge”表示“保證,誓言”。A項“strategy”表示“策略,戰(zhàn)略”;B項“standpoint”表示“立場,觀點”;C項“promise”表示“允諾,答應”;D項“priority”表示“先,前,優(yōu)先權”。根據(jù)詞的意思,所以應該選C。[譯文]兩國領導人是為了維持和發(fā)展兩國良好關系正計劃召開兩國首腦會議。

20.

Manyyoungstershaveheardtheirparentssay"You'llneveramounttoanythingifyoukeepdaydreamingthatway!"A.beequaltoB.accomplishC.adduptoD.pursue正確答案:B[解析]句中詞“amountto”表示“實現(xiàn),完成”。A項“beequalto”表示“勝任,相等,合適”;B項“accomplish”表示“完成,達到,實現(xiàn)”;C項“addupto”表示“合計達”;D項“pursue”表示“追趕,繼續(xù)”。根據(jù)詞的意思,所以應該選B。[譯文]一些年輕人已經聽他們的父母說過“如果你老是像做白日夢那樣,那么將一事無成”。

Part3ErrorCorrectionThispartconsistsof20sentences.Ineachofthemthereisanunderlinedpartthatindicatesanerror.Beloweachsentence,thereare4choicesmarkedbylettersA,B,C,Drespectively.Choosethewordorphrasethatcanreplacetheunderlinedpartsothattheerroriscorrected.ThereisonlyONErightanswer.Blackenthecorrespondingletterasrequiredonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.1.

Jerrysawhisdoglimpingonabloodylegandjumpeduptheconclusionthatithadbeenshot.A.jumpedoverB.jumpedtoC.jumpedforD.jumpedthrough正確答案:B[解析]jumptotheconclusion貿然斷定,過早下結論,輕率地下結論。因此選項B為答案。

2.

Joewillhavehisfather'sgoldwatchbecauseitishandedthroughinthefamily.A.handedupB.handedbelowC.handeddownD.handeddownwards正確答案:C[解析]handup交給上級,呈交;handdown傳下來,宣布。因此選項C為答案。

3.

Ourplandidn'tgetupthegroundbecausenoonecouldcome.A.getoverB.getonC.getoffD.getthrough正確答案:C[解析]getover爬過,克服,熬過,恢復;geton生活,融洽相處,進展;getoff開始,(使)取得進展,出發(fā);getthrough到達,做完,打通。因此選項C為答案。

4.

Theteacherswanttotakeawaywiththecheatinginexaminationsintheirschool.A.doawaywithB.putawaywithC.getawaywithD.turnawaywith正確答案:A[解析]doawaywith廢除,去掉;putaway放好,儲存……備用,處理掉;getawaywith僥幸成功,逃脫處罰;turnaway不準……入內,走開,解雇。因此選項A為答案。

5.

Thenewspaperstoriesdeliberatelyputdowntheactress'sunattractivepast.A.acteddownB.playeddownC.wrotedownD.putdown正確答案:B[解析]playdown降低,貶低,減少;writedown寫下,把……描寫成;putdown放下,拒絕,鎮(zhèn)壓,記下,取締。因此選項B為答案。

6.

Theveryrealandfarreachingimplicationsinherentinthecurrentchangesbeingexperiencedbygovernmentspaceports,withtermsoftheireffectuponthewholeinternationalspacecommunity,arealsohighlighted.A.fortermsofB.astermsofC.intermsofD.fromtermsof正確答案:C[解析]intermsof根據(jù),按照,以……的觀點,在……方面。本句意為:國家太空船發(fā)射降落場目前所具有的現(xiàn)實與深遠的意義,就它們在整個國際太空領域里的作用是突出的。因此C為答案。

7.

Itmustcomplystrictlyinsafetystandardstobeacceptedbythepublic,andatthesametimeitmustdemonstratethatnohealthorenvironmentaldamageoccurs.A.thanB.toC.fromD.with正確答案:D[解析]complywith遵守,服從。本句意為:為了被廣大群眾所接受,必須嚴格遵守安全標準;同時必須證明不會危及健康和環(huán)境。因此D為答案。

8.

Theseincludedesignforreliability,designforserviceability,designformodularityanddesignforquality,whichmustbeappliedintheentiresystem.A.forB.toC.withD.as正確答案:B[解析]applyto將……應用于,產生作用,有直接關系;applyfor請求,申請。而本句意為:這一切包括可靠性設計、適用性設計、模塊性設計以及質量設計且必須將之應用于整個系統(tǒng)。因此B為答案。

9.

Itwillbeemphasizedthatcommercialspaceoperationsareinherentlycomplex,longterm,capital-hungry,andsetbyavarietyofrisks.A.besetbyB.insetbyC.presetbyD.resetby正確答案:A[解析]beset(后面常與by連用)困擾;inset插頁,插入,嵌入(一般不與by連用);preset預先安置,預先調試,事先調整;reset重新安排。后面三個詞大多作及物動詞,而本句意為:需要強調的是民用太空計劃復雜,耗時長,資金缺且風險重重。因此A為答案。

10.

WewillshowhowtheInternationalOlympicshavecommercializedinternationally,andarefinancedfromcorporateandprivatesponsorshipsandhowthisfundingscenariocanbeusedtofundnewprojects.A.withinB.intoC.throughD.than正確答案:C[解析]finance籌措資金。例:financethroughborrowing借債籌資。因此C為答案。

11.

Whenthisagreementissigned,acircularwillbepreparedforgiventoourcustomers.A.givenoutB.givenoffC.dispatchesD.distribution正確答案:D[解析]本題考查詞義辨析和固定搭配。句意為:簽署協(xié)議后,我們會準備一份通知以分配給客戶。由介詞for可知,此處應填名詞,故排除A、B、C三項。本句中的distribution與to搭配。所以,答案為D。

12.

Itisnowclearthatnosuchcreaturesasvampireshavebeenseenandnonebeenfoundintheworld.A.wasfoundB.arefoundC.havebeenfoundD.havebeenfoundout正確答案:A[解析]本題考查時態(tài)。句意為:很清楚的是,沒有人見過吸血鬼這種生物,世界上也沒有人發(fā)現(xiàn)過。發(fā)現(xiàn)這個動作發(fā)生在過去,所以用一般過去時。所以,答案是A。

13.

MycompanyisExcellentKitchenwareCompany,therenearbyisabigmarketforkitchenwareinourcity.A.therenearB.andtherenearC.therenearlyD.andnearbythere正確答案:D[解析]本題考查固定結構。句意為:我們是一家極佳的廚具公司,附近有一個我們城市最大的廚具市場。本句中包括therebe結構。且前后為并列句,故需用連詞連接。Nearby意為“在附近”,符合句意。所以,答案為D。

14.

Thegovernmenthashardlytakenmeasurestocrackdownonthesecrimeswhennewonesoccurred.A.HardlyhadthegovernmenttakenB.ThegovernmenttookhardlyC.HardlythegovernmenthadtakenD.Thegovernmentishardlytaking正確答案:A[解析]本題考查倒裝句的用法。Hardly為否定副詞,當其位于句首時,主句應用部分倒裝。所以,答案為A。

15.

Thegeneralmanagerdemandedthatthejobwillbecompletedbeforethesummerholidays.A.wouldbeB.mustbeC.beD.hadtobe正確答案:C[解析]本題考查虛擬語氣的用法。動詞demand后接名詞性從句時,從句需用虛擬語氣,謂語應用“should+動詞原形”,且should可以省略。所以,答案為C。

16.

Ourcompanywillprovideyouwithfreetransportationasyourequestedandchargetheinstallation.A.installationwithachargeB.intheinstallationC.freelyinstallationD.installationincharge正確答案:A[解析]本題考查并列結構。句意為:應你要求,我們公司會提供免費送貨和付費安裝服務。此處所填部分應和freetransportation并列,均為provide的賓語。所以前后結構應一致。所以,答案為A。

17.

Doctorswarnedsun-starvedtouristswhoreceivedtoomuchsunlightthattheywereatseriousriskthanothersofcontractingskincancer.A.withmoreseriousB.atseriouslyC.atmoreseriousD.seriouslywith正確答案:C[解析]本題考查比較級和固定用法。由連詞than可知,前面的形容詞應用比較級。atrisk為固定用法,意思是“處于……危險中”。所以,答案為C。

18.

Wehavesentanordersliptoallthatwehavereasontobelieveareinterestedinourbooks.A.whoarebelievedbyusB.withwhowehavereasontobelieveC.whowehavereasontobelieveD.withwhomwebelieve正確答案:C[解析]本題考查結構應用。句意為:我們已經向那些我們有理由相信會對我們的書感興趣的人發(fā)了訂單。所以,答案是C。

19.

AsanEnglishmajorstudentatoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesinChina,IstronglybelievethatbusinessEnglishismorepracticalthanotherfields.A.astudentinEnglishB.amajorEnglishstudentC.anEnglishmajorD.anEnglishstudentmajor正確答案:C[解析]本題考查固定用法。句意為:作為在中國最有名的大學之一中就讀的一個英語專業(yè)的學生,我強烈認為商務英語比其他課程更實用?!皩I(yè)+major”表示“某專業(yè)的學生”的意思,為固定用法。所以,答案為C。

20.

Theengineersaregoingthroughwiththeirhighwayproject,inspitethattheexpenseshaverisen.A.justbecauseB.eventhoughC.asthoughD.nowthat正確答案:B[解析]本題考查連詞用法。句意為:工程師正在進行高速公路計劃,即使費用已經增加了。justbecause“正因為”,eventhough“即使”,asthough“仿佛,好像”,nowthat“既然”。根據(jù)句意可知,即使比較符合題意。所以,答案為B。

Section2:ReadingComprehensionInthissectionyouwillfindaftereachofthepassagesanumberofquestionsorunfinishedstatementsaboutthepassage,eachwith4(A,B,CandD)choicestocompletethestatement.Youmustchoosetheonewhichyouthinkfitsbest.Thenblankenthecorrespondingletterasrequiredonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.

AlmosteverydaythemediadiscoversanAfricanAmericancommunityfightingsomeformofenvironmentalthreatfromlandfills,garbagedumps,petrochemicalplants,refineries,busdepots,andthelistgoeson.Foryears,residentswatchedhelplesslyastheircommunitiesbecamedumpinggrounds.

Butcitizensdidn'tremainsilentforlong.Localactivistshavebeenorganizingunderthemantieofenvironmentaljusticesinceasfarbackas1968.Morethanthreedecadesago,theconceptofenvironmentaljusticehadnotregisteredontheradarscreensofmanyenvironmentalorcivilrightsgroups.Butenvironmentaljusticefitssquarelyunderthecivilrightsumbrella.ItshouldnotbeforgottenthatDr.MartinLutherKingJr.wenttoMemphisonanenvironmentalandeconomicjusticemissionin1968,seekingsupportforstrikinggarbageworkerswhowereunderpaidandwhosebasicdutiesexposedthemtoenvironmentallyhazardousconditions.

In1979,alandmarkenvironmentaldiscriminationlawsuitfiledinHouston,followedbysimilarlitigationeffortsinthe1980s,ralliedactiviststostanduptocorporationsanddemandgovernmentintervention.

In1991,anewbreedofenvironmentalactivistsgatheredinWashington,D.C.,tobringnationalattentiontopollutionproblemsthreateninglow-incomeandminoritycommunities.Leadersintroducedtheconceptofenvironmentaljustice,protestingthatBlack,poorandworking-classcommunitiesoftenreceivedlessenvironmentalprotectionthanWhiteormoreaffluentcommunities.ThefirstNationalPeopleofColorEnvironmentalLeadershipSummiteffectivelybroadenedwhat"theenvironment"wasunderstoodtomean.Itexpandedthedefinitiontoincludewherewelive,work,play,worshipandgotoschool,aswellasthephysicalandnaturalworld.Intheprocess,theenvironmentaljusticemovementchangedthewayenvironmentalismispracticedintheUnitedStatesand,ultimately,worldwide.

Becausemanyissuesidentifiedattheinauguralsummitremainunaddressed,thesecondNationalPeopleofColorEnvironmentalLeadershipSummitwasconvenedinWashington,D.C.,thispastOctober.Thesecondsummitwasplannedfor500delegates;butmorethan1,400peopleattendedthefour-daygathering.

"WearepleasedthattheSummitⅡwasabletoattractarecordnumberofgrassrootsactivists,academicians,students,researchers,planners,policyanalystsandgovernmentofficials.Weprovedtotheworldthatourmovementisaliveandwell,andgrowing,"saysBeverlyWright,chairofthesummit.ThemeetingproducedtwodozenpolicypapersthatshowpowerfulenvironmentalandhealthdisparitiesbetweenpeopleofcolorandWhites.1.

InParagraph1,theword"residents"refersto______inparticular.A.ethnicgroupsintheU.S.B.theAmericangeneralpublicC.AfricanAmericansD.theU.S.working-class正確答案:C[解析]根據(jù)文中第一段的內容“AlmosteverydaythemediadiscoversanAfricanAmericancommunityfightingsomeformofenvironmentalthreatfromlandfills,garbagedumps,petrochemicalplants,refineries,busdepots,andthelistgoeson.Foryears,residentswatchedhelplesslyastheircommunitiesbecamedumpinggrounds.”可知,第一句話中出現(xiàn)了anAfricanAmericancommunity,所以第二句中的residents應該指AfricanAmericans,所以C項符合題意。A項“美國的種族”,B項“美國的普通大眾”,D項“美國的工人階級”,這三項在文中第一段沒有出現(xiàn)相關內容。

2.

Theword"squarely"underlinedinParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto______.A.fairlyB.preciselyC.honestlyD.well正確答案:A[解析]根據(jù)文中第二段的內容“Butenvironmentaljusticefitssquarelyunderthecivilrightsumbrella”可知,但環(huán)境公正卻公平地處于民權的保護傘下。選項中的A項為“公平地,公正地”符合文意。B項“準確地”,C項“誠實地”,D項“非常好地”,這三項均不符合題意。

3.

Morethanthreedecadesago,environmentaljusticewas______.A.controversialamonglocalactivitiesB.firstproposedbyMartinLutherKingJr.C.fascinatingtothecivilrightsgroupsD.barelyrealizedbymanyenvironmentalists正確答案:C[解析]根據(jù)文中第二段的內容“Morethanthreedecadesago,theconceptofenvironmentaljusticehadnotregisteredontheradarscreensofmanyenvironmentalorcivilrightsgroups.Butenvironmentaljusticefitssquarelyunderthecivilrightsumbrella.”可知,30多年前,環(huán)境公正卻正當?shù)囟阍诠駲嗟谋Wo傘之下。所以C項符合題意。A項“在當?shù)鼗顒又惺且馉幾h的”,B項“是馬丁·路德金首先提出來的”,D項“幾乎不被環(huán)境保護者意識到”,這三項和文中內容不符合。

4.

Theword"intervention"underlinedinParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto______.A.interpositionB.participationC.involvementD.management正確答案:A[解析]根據(jù)文中第三段的內容“ralliedactiviststostanduptocorporationsanddemandgovernmentintervention”可知,積極分子對抗公司,要求政府干預。選項中的A項為“干預”符合文意。B項“參加”,C項“參與”,D項“管理”,這三項均不符合題意。

5.

In1968,MartinLutherKingJr.wenttoMemphistohelpthegarbageworkers______.A.getrelievedofsomeoftheirbasicdutiesB.knowwhatenvironmentaljusticewasC.fightforbetterworkingconditionsD.recognizetheirdangeroussurroundings正確答案:C[解析]根據(jù)文中第二段的內容“Dr.MartinLutherKingJr.wenttoMemphisonanenvironmentalandeconomicjusticemissionin1968,seekingsupportforstrikinggarbageworkerswhowereunderpaidandwhosebasicdutiesexposedthemtoenvironmentallyhazardousconditions.”可知,馬丁路德金博士前往孟斐斯是為了給工人爭取更高的工資和好的工作環(huán)境,所以C項“力爭好的工作條件”符合題意。A項“減輕一些他們的基本工作”,B項“幫助工人了解環(huán)境公平是什么”,D項“幫助他們認識到他們危險的處境”,這三項和文意不符合。

6.

Theword"protesting"underlinedinParagraph4isclosestinmeaningto______.A.combatB.confirmC.considerD.affirm正確答案:A[解析]根據(jù)文中第四段的內容“protestingthatBlack,poorandworking-classcommunitiesoftenreceivedlessenvironmentalprotectionthanWhiteormoreaffluentcommunities”可知,抗議黑人,窮人和工薪階層受到的環(huán)境保護比白人或富人少很多。選項中的A項為“抗議,反對”符合文意。B項“確認”,C項“認為”,D項“斷言”,這三項均不符合題意。

7.

Paragraph3impliesthat,in1979,______.A.theenvironmentaljusticeissueswerefirstbroughttocourtinHoustonB.environmentalactivistscooperatedindefyingtheU.S.governmentC.thegovernmentinterventionhelpedpromoteenvironmentaljusticeD.environmentalproblemsattractedtheattentionofthegovernment正確答案:D[解析]根據(jù)文中第三段的內容“In1979,alandmarkenvironmentaldiscriminationlawsuitfiledinHouston,followedbysimilarlitigationeffortsinthe1980s,ralliedactiviststostanduptocorporationsanddemandgovernmentintervention.”可知,環(huán)境公平問題需要政府的干預,所以D項“環(huán)境問題引起了政府的關注”符合文意。A項“環(huán)境公平問題在休斯頓第一次被訴諸法律”,文中說這是一個里程碑,但是沒有說是第一次;B項“環(huán)境活動家一起合作對抗美國政府”,文中說的是與公司對抗,不是對抗政府;C項“政府的干預幫助促進了環(huán)境公平”,政府干預起到的效果文中沒有提到,所以這三項都不符合題意。

8.

Theword"grassrot"underlinedinParagraph6refersto______.A.basiclevelB.middleclassC.peasantD.worker正確答案:A[解析]根據(jù)文中第六段的內容“attractarecordnumberofgrassrootsactivists,academicians,students,”可知,吸引大量的草根積極分子,博士,學生等。選項中的A項為“底層人員”符合文意。B項“中產階級”,C項“農民”,D項“工人”,這三項均不符合題意。

9.

Thenewbreedofenvironmentalactivistsdifferedfromthepreviousactivistsinthat______.A.theynoticedenvironmentaldisparitiesbetweentherichandthepoorB.theycriedforgovernmentinterventioninsavingtheenvironmentC.theyknewwhat"theenvironment"reallymeanttotheWhitepeopleD.theypracticedenvironmentalismoutsideaswellaswithintheU.S.正確答案:D[解析]根據(jù)文中第四段的內容“Intheprocess,theenvironmentaljusticemovementchangedthewayenvironmentalismispracticedintheUnitedStatesand,ultimately,worldwide.”可知,在這個過程中,環(huán)境保護運動在全世界范圍展開,而不是局限在美國。所以D項符合題意。A項“他們注重窮人和富人之間環(huán)境差別”,B項“他們懇求政府干預,拯救環(huán)境”,C項“他們知道環(huán)境對白人真正意味著什么”,這三項都不符合題意。

10.

Withrespecttogettingenvironmentaljustice,SummitⅡwasaimedfor______.A.showingtheachievedsuccessB.attractingnationalattentionC.identifyingrelevantissuesD.findingsolutionstotheproblems正確答案:C[解析]根據(jù)文中第五段的內容“Becausemanyissuesidentifiedattheinauguralsummitremainunaddressed,thesecondNationalPeopleofColorEnvironmentalLeadershipSummitwasconvenedinWashington,D.C.,thispastOctober.”可知,第一次會議確認的很多問題沒有被公布,所以,第二次會議召開了。所以C項符合題意。A項“展示所取得的成就”,B項“吸引國家的注意”,D項“找到解決問題的方法”,這三項在文中沒有涉及相關的內容。

Cooperationisthecommonendeavoroftwoormorepeopletoperformataskorreachajointlycherishedgoal.Likecompetitionandconflict,therearedifferentformsofcooperation,basedongrouporganizationandattitudes.

Inthefirstform,knownasprimarycooperation,groupandindividualunite.Thegroupcontainsnearlyallofeachindividual'slife.Therewardsofthegroup'sworkaresharedwitheachmember.Thereisaninterlockingidentityofindividual,group,andtaskperformed.Meansandgoalsbecomeone,forcooperationitselfisvalued.

Whileprimarycooperationismostoftencharacteristicofpreliteratesocieties,secondarycooperationischaracteristicofmanymodernsocieties.Insecondarycooperation,individualsdevoteonlypartoftheirlivestothegroup.Cooperationitselfisnotavalue.Mostmembersofthegroupfeelloyalty,butthewelfareofthegroupisnotthefirstconsideration.Membersperformtaskssothattheycanseparatelyenjoythefruitsoftheircooperationintheformofsalary,prestige,orpower.Businessofficesandprofessionalathleticteamsareexamplesofsecondarycooperation.

Inthethirdtype,calledtertiarycooperationoraccommodation,latentconflictunderliesthesharedwork.Theattitudesofthecooperatingpartiesarepurelyopportunistic;theorganizationislooseandfragile.Accommodationinvolvescommonmeanstoachieveantagonisticgoals;itbreaksdownwhenthecommonmeansceasetoaideachpartyinreachingitsgoals.Thi

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