初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法-形容詞、副詞課件

-1形容詞、副詞初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法稻田一中李培軍-2形容詞是修飾名詞或代詞，說(shuō)明事物或人的性質(zhì)或特征的詞。例如:long,empty,cheap,hungry,etc.什么叫形容詞?形容詞在句中作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等成分.形容詞-3形容詞的用法-41.Heisagoodstudent.2.Sheisabeautifulgirl.3.Ihaveacleverpetdog.形容詞作定語(yǔ)1)單個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞或代詞時(shí)順序:直接放名詞或代詞前面-52)多個(gè)形容詞做定語(yǔ)時(shí)的排列順序:口訣:冠代數(shù)形大,新色國(guó)材名注釋:冠----冠詞；代----代詞；數(shù)----數(shù)詞；形----形狀、性質(zhì)；大----大小、長(zhǎng)短；新----新舊;色----顏色；國(guó)----國(guó)家、產(chǎn)地；材----材料、用途；名-----名詞anoldbigbrownwoodenbox一個(gè)舊而大的棕色木箱子twotallyoungJapanesegirls兩位高個(gè)、年輕的日本姑娘-6例題1)Tonyisgoingcampingwith___boys.A.littletwootherB.twolittleotherC.twootherlittleD.littleothertwo

2)Onedaytheycrossedthe____bridgebehindthepalace.

A.oldChinesestoneB.ChineseoldstoneC.oldstoneChineseD.Chinesestoneold

答案點(diǎn)撥:C由"限定詞--數(shù)詞--描繪詞--(大小，長(zhǎng)短，形狀，新舊，顏色)--性質(zhì)--名詞"的公式可知數(shù)詞，描繪詞，性質(zhì)依次順序，只有C符合答案。答案點(diǎn)撥:A.幾個(gè)形容詞修飾一個(gè)名詞，他們的排列順序是:年齡，形狀，大小+顏色+來(lái)源+質(zhì)地+用途+國(guó)家+名詞。

-7當(dāng)形容詞修飾由something/somebody,anything/anybody,nothing/nobody,everything/everybody等不定代詞時(shí),形容詞要放在這些不定代詞的之后.1.Isthereanythinginterestingintoday’snewspaper?2.Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.3.)修飾不定代詞時(shí)常后置“不+形”-81.Samishungry,he’dliketoeat____delicious.A.someB.anyC.somethingD.somewhere2.Don’tworry.Thereis____aboutyourillness.A.serioussomethingB.anythingseriousC.nothingseriousD.something3.Thereis____intoday’snewspaper.It’sboring.A.somethingnewB.interestingnewC.nothingnewD.newnothing4.--Whocanhelpus?--___.we’lldoitourselvesA.EveryoneelseB.ElseeveryoneC.NobodyelseD.Elsenobody要點(diǎn):不定代詞修飾形容詞，位置為“不形”CCCC-9Thetreesturngreeninspring.Wearealoneontheisland.只能作表語(yǔ)，不能作定語(yǔ)的形容詞。你能說(shuō)出幾個(gè)？aloneafraidawakeasleepaliveable形容詞作表語(yǔ)-10所謂表語(yǔ)形容詞即指只用于連系動(dòng)詞后作表語(yǔ)，而不能用于名詞前作定語(yǔ)的形容詞。這類(lèi)形容詞常見(jiàn)的有:

某些以a-開(kāi)頭的形容詞:

afraid害怕的alive活著的alone單獨(dú)的asleep睡著的awake醒著的Don’tbeafraid.別怕。

Nowthebabyisasleep.現(xiàn)在孩子睡著了。

Hewasaloneinthehouse.他獨(dú)自一人在家里。

-111.Shewas_____________(luck)tolosehermoneywhenshewentshoppinglastweekend.[04西寧]2.Thiskindofskirtlooks______andsells______.[04天津]A.nice;wellB.nice;goodC.well;wellD.good;niceunluckyA3.—WhatdoyouthinkofthestorywrittenbyMarkTwain?—Itis______.Ilikeit.[04昆明]A.boringB.boredC.interestedD.interestingD

4.Youranswersounds_____.A.correctB.correctlyC.correctnessD.correcting5.Theywatchedamovieandfeltquite_____.A.sadB.sadlyC.sadnessD.sadyAA-12某些動(dòng)詞如make，paint，keep，find，like，want等后接名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)，再接形容詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)、特征等。形容詞和賓語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ).有的已構(gòu)成固定詞組。形容詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1.Hemadeushappy.2.Youmustkeeptheclassroomclean.你應(yīng)保持教室清潔。-13形容詞的構(gòu)成-14形容詞的構(gòu)成forget—forgetfulhelp—helpfulwonder—wonderfuluse—usefulcare—carefulbeauty—beautifulthank－thankfulcolour----colourful1.+ful2.＋edexcite—excitedworry—worried

surprise—surprisedclose—closedinterest—interestedfrighten—frightened-153.+inginterest—interestingexcite—exciting

surprise—surprisingfollow—followingsun—sunnysnow—snowywind—windyrain-rainycloud—cloudyhealth—healthy4.+y所有表示天氣狀況的的形容詞-16wool-woolenwood--wooden5.+en6.+ern(東西南北)east--easternwest--westernsouth-southernnorth--northernfriendly,daily,weekly,sillylively,lonely,lovely7.由“名詞+ly”構(gòu)成-178.復(fù)合形容詞aneight-year-oldboy一個(gè)八歲的男孩一段10分鐘的步行路程aten-minutewalkatenminutes’walk放七天假haveaseven-dayholidayhaveasevendays’holidayhavesevendaysoff-18形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)構(gòu)成和用法-19形容詞的比較等級(jí)構(gòu)成，有三個(gè)等級(jí):①原級(jí)；②比較級(jí)；③最高級(jí)。-20形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)構(gòu)成規(guī)則變化-21詞尾變化原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)單音節(jié)詞在詞尾加-er(比較級(jí))或-est(最高級(jí))以字母e接尾的詞加-r或-sttallhardlargewide以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母應(yīng)雙寫(xiě)輔音字母再加er或estbighotthinfatwet以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞變?yōu)閕再加-er,或-esthappydryearly

narrowclever多音節(jié)詞和多數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞在其前面加more和mostdifficultpopularslowlytallerharderlargerwidertallesthardestlargestwidestbiggerhotterfatterwetterbiggesthottestfattestwettesthappierdrierearlierhappiestdriestearliestnarrowercleverernarrowestcleverestmoredifficultmorepopularmoreslowlymostdifficultmostpopularmostslowly少數(shù)以-er,-ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞可加-er或-est-22原級(jí)goodwellbadillmanymuchlittlefarold比較級(jí)最高級(jí)betterbestworseworstlessmoremostfarther/furtherolder/elderleastfarthest/furthestoldest/eldest不規(guī)則變化-23注意:在含有形容詞的比較級(jí)句子中，對(duì)兩個(gè)相比較的內(nèi)容為了避免重復(fù)，我們常常用that,those來(lái)代替前面的詞。例如:TheweatherinBeijingiscolderthanthatinGuangdong.Thewindowsofourclassroomarecleanerthanthoseoftheirs.-24形容詞原級(jí)的常用句型TomisastallasMike.

1.as+形容詞原形+asThereareasmanystudentsinourschoolasyours.

否定notas+形容詞原形+as“和…不一樣”或notso+形容詞原形+as“不及／不如…

TomisnotastallasMike.-25Thistruckisbigenoughtocarry5tons.

2.so+形容詞原級(jí)+that叢句such+名詞＋that叢句Heissobigthathecan’tentertheroomby

thedoor.3.…too+原級(jí)+todosth.Heistooyoungtojointhearmy.4.形容詞原級(jí)+enoughtodosth.-261、兩者之間的比較，句中有明顯的標(biāo)志詞thanTomistallerthanJohn2、Which/Whois+比較級(jí),AorB?Whichiseasier,mathsorEnglish?3.能修飾比較級(jí)的副詞及短語(yǔ)：much(…的多)、alot(…的多)、even(更…)、still（更…）、abit/alittle(…一點(diǎn)兒)ThiscityismuchmorebeautifulthanthatoneTodayisevenhotterthanyesterday.形容詞比較級(jí)的常用句型注意:very不能修飾比較級(jí)。More可構(gòu)成比較級(jí)，但不能修飾比較級(jí)-274、…isthe+比較級(jí)+ofthetwo.Tomisthetallerofthetwoboys.5、…數(shù)量+比較級(jí)than…Heisthreeyearsolderthanhisbrother.6.比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)，“越來(lái)越…”Nowitishotterandhotter.現(xiàn)在越來(lái)越熱7、The+比較級(jí)…，the+比較級(jí)…“越…，就越…”Themore,thebetter.越多越好。Themoreyoueat,thefatteryouwillbecome.你吃得越多，你就越容易變胖-281.…oneofthe+最高級(jí)+名詞復(fù)數(shù)形容詞最高級(jí)的常用句型2.…最高級(jí)+of(in)…(三者及以上范圍的)3.Thisis/wasthe最高級(jí)+名詞+that定語(yǔ)從句LuXunisoneofthegreatestwriterslastcentury.

ThisistheworstfilmthatIhaveseentheseyears.

Ofallthemoviestars,IthinkZhangZiyiisthebest.

-295.、the+序數(shù)詞+最高級(jí)+名詞+in/ofTheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina4.Which/Whoisthe+最高級(jí),A,BorC?Whichisthebiggest,themoon,theearthorthesun?注意:用the+形容詞最高級(jí)形式+in接單數(shù)名詞用the+形容詞最高級(jí)形式+of接復(fù)數(shù)名詞或表示復(fù)數(shù)的代詞。Whoisthetallestintheclass?Whoisthetallestofthestudents。-30使用形容詞比較級(jí)時(shí)1.可用“比較級(jí)形式+thananyother+單數(shù)名詞來(lái)表達(dá)最高級(jí)的意思Heistallerthananyotherstudentintheschool。注意2.形容詞比較級(jí)前一般不加the。但可用the+比較級(jí)形式+ofthetwo…來(lái)表達(dá)兩者之間的比較。Heisthebetterofthetwo.Ofthetwojobs,hechosetheharder.Marywasthemorebeautifulofthetwo.OfthetwoboysMikeisthetallerone.-31注意區(qū)別下列兩個(gè)句子:加拿大和澳大利亞，哪個(gè)國(guó)家更大?Whichisthelargercountry,CanadaorAustralian?Whichislarger,CanadaorAustralian?注意-32使用形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)1.可用“oneof+the最高級(jí)形式+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”表示“是最……之一者。oneofthemostbeautifulcitiesisshanghai上海是最美的城市之一。注意:2.最高級(jí)前可以有序數(shù)詞來(lái)修飾。Whichisthefirstmostusefulinvention?哪一個(gè)是第一個(gè)最有用途的發(fā)明？3.如果形容詞最高級(jí)前有物主代詞，指示代詞，名詞所有格時(shí)，則不必加定冠詞the。Yesterdaywasmybusiestday.昨天是我最忙碌的一天。-33用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、其它副詞、全句或名詞詞組及句子的詞。什么叫副詞?very,early,out,soon,quickly,等等.副詞-34副詞根據(jù)所表達(dá)的不同意義可將其分為以下幾種：1、時(shí)間和頻度副詞：now,then,often,always,early,today,already,soon,ago,yesterday等.2、地點(diǎn)副詞：here,there,everywhere,out,in,home,upstairs,above,below,inside等.3、方式副詞：carefully,politely,fast,well,extremely,等.4、程度副詞：much,little,very,rather,too,rather,almost,so等.5.疑問(wèn)副詞：how,where,when,why（放在特殊疑問(wèn)句前）副詞的種類(lèi)6.關(guān)系副詞：when,where,why（通常引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句）7、連接副詞：how,when,where,why,whether（通常引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句）-35副詞的比較等級(jí)構(gòu)成和用法1.副詞的比較等級(jí)構(gòu)成。有三個(gè)等級(jí)：①原級(jí)；②比較級(jí)；③最高級(jí)。單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞構(gòu)成方法原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)一般在詞尾加-er或-estfasthardlongsoonfasterharderlongersoonerfastesthardestlongestsoonest以字母e結(jié)尾的副詞，加-r或-stlatelaterlatest以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的副詞，先把y變?yōu)閕，再加-er或-estearlyearlierearliest-362.不規(guī)則變化原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)wellbadlymuchlittlefarbetterworsemorelessfarther較遠(yuǎn)(表示距離)further較遠(yuǎn)，進(jìn)一步(表示程度)bestworstmostleastfarthestfurthest-37

副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成和形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成基本相同.

形容詞的最高級(jí)前要用定冠詞the,副詞的最高級(jí)前可用可不用定冠詞the.注意:MountQomolangmaisthehighestintheworld.Jimjumped(the)highestoftheall.fast-faster-fastestslowly-moreslowly–mostslowly-38注意：1、副詞very可以修飾形容詞、副詞，但不能修飾動(dòng)詞。例如：Thisflowerisverybeautiful.IlikeEnglishverymuch.(但不能說(shuō)：IverylikeEnglish.)2.enough作副詞時(shí)，用在形容詞、副詞之后；enough用作形容詞時(shí)，放在名詞前或后都可以。例如：Heisstrongenoughtolifttheheavybox.Themanhasgotenoughmoney(or:moneyenough)tobuyacar.中考英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)形容詞和副詞-393.頻度副詞的比例表：always——100%,usually——80%,often——70%~60%,sometimes,attimes——30%~40%,seldom,hardlyever——5%,never——0%4.quite/rathera+形容詞+名詞a+very+形容詞+名詞一個(gè)相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)的女孩quite/ratheragoodgirlaverygoodgirl-405.good&wellgood(形容詞)well(副詞)

只有表身體好才用作形容詞6.…thananyother+單數(shù)，比較級(jí)表最高級(jí)的意思Davidjumpshighestinourclass.=Davidjumpshigherthananyotherstudentinourclass.ThepopulationofChinaislargerthananyothercoutryintheworld.=ThepopulationofChinaisthelargestintheworld.-417、the+比較級(jí)…,the+比較級(jí)…表“越…就越…”Themoreyoustudy,themoreyouknow.你學(xué)得越多,就懂得越多你讀得越多,你的英語(yǔ)就會(huì)越好。________________youread,________yourEnglishwillbe.8、比較級(jí)+and+同一比較級(jí),表“越來(lái)越…”越來(lái)越重越來(lái)越熱越來(lái)越重要heavierandheavierhotterandhottermoreandmoreimportantThemorethebetter-42形容詞變副詞1.一般加-lycareful--slow--2.輔音字母加-y結(jié)尾，變y為i再加-lyhappily注意：名詞+ly，構(gòu)成形容詞，不是副詞！weekly,monthly,friendlycarefullyslowlyhappy--heavy--heavily3.以e結(jié)尾的形容詞：true-trulyterrible-terriblypossibe--possibly,comfortabe-comfortablywide–widelypolite-politelyshy-shyly-43注意:下列詞既是形容詞也是副詞early–earlylate-latehigh–highhard-hardwell–wellfar–farfast–fastdeep–deephardly,幾乎不lately最近,近來(lái)（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志）highly高度地,贊許地speakhighlyof高度評(píng)價(jià)

deep與deeply區(qū)別:deep意思是"深"，表示空間深度；deeply時(shí)常表示感情上的深度，"深深地"

-44練習(xí)鞏固-451.Whata_____cough!Youseem___ill.A.terrible,terriblyB.terribly,terribleC.terrible,terribleD.terribly,terribly2.Thecarisrunning____.Itseemstobeflying.A.moreandfasterB.moreandfastC.fastandfastD.fasterandfaster3.Ifeeleven____now.A.badB.wellC.worseD.worst4.Shewasveryhappy.Sheran___ofalltherunners.A.fastestB.thequickestC.slowestD.quicklyADCA-465.Keepquiet,please.It's___noisyhere.A.manytooB.toomanyC.muchtooD.toomuch6.—Haveyou__spokentoaforeigner?—No,____.A.already,neverB.ever,neverC.yet,alreadyD.ever,ever7.Heistallerthan_______inhisclass.A.anyboyB.anyboysC.anyotherboyD.someotherboyCBC-478.I'llgoandvisityou______nextweek.A.sometimeB.sometimesC.sometimeD.sometime9.--Whatwastheweatherlikeyesterday?--Itwasverybad.Itrained___.Peoplecould____goout.A.hard,hardB.hardly,hardC.hardly,hardlyD.hard,hardly10.Englishisas______asChinese.Youshouldlearnitwell.A.importantB.moreimportantC.themostimportantD.muchmoreimportantCDA-4811.Musicisnotsousefulasscience.It's_____usefulthanscience.A.fewerB.lessC.moreD.alot12.Helooks______.A.goodB.wellC.happilyD.worriedly13.We'veneverheardof___storybefore.A.suchastrangeB.suchstrangeC.soastrangeD.sostrange14.Youmustwearglasses.Theycankeepyoureyes___A.softB.safeC.safelyD.safety15.Wouldyoupleasespeak___?Istillcan'tfollowyou.A.slowB.muchslowC.muchslowlyD.moreslowlyBBABD-4916.--Ischemistrymoredifficultthanphyscis?--No,chemistryisn’tas___asPhyscis.A.easyB.difficultC.easierD.moredifficult17.Inthispartofthecountry,wateris___oil.A.sodearasB.asdearasC.dearasD.sodear18.Thebreadis____thanthesecakes.A.verydeliciousB.muchdeliciousC.moredeliciousD.asdeliciousCBB19.Inourcityit’s____inJuly,butitiseven___inAugust.A.hotter;hottestB.hot;hotC.hotter;hotD.hot;hotterD-5020.--Didyouloveyourdaytrip?(10’南京)--Yes,weenjoyedtherollercoaster___ofall.A.mostB.littleC.needD.less21.Thoughhisgrandmotherlives___,sheneverfeels____.(10’無(wú)錫)A.alone,aloneB.lonely,lonelyC.alone,lonelyD.lonely,alone22.ThedoctorsinORBIShavedone____animportantjob___thepatientsareallgratefultothem.A.too,toB.so,thatC.such,thatD.as,asABC-5123.Mum!Thefishtastes___!CouldIhavesomemore?(10’南通)A.terribleB.wonderfulC.terriblyD.wonderfully24.Asthesportsmeeting,Simonjumpedas____asDaniel.(10’淮安)A.highB.higherC.slowD.slower25.Mr.Brownalwaysmakeshisclass___andkeepshisstudents___inclass.(10’鎮(zhèn)江)A.alive,interestingB.lively,interestingC.alive,interestedD.lively,interestedBAD-521.TheYellowRiveristhesecond________(long)riverinChina.2.ZhaoLeiisoneof_______________(young)boysinhisschool.3.Whichis___________(big),thesun,theearthorthemoon?longesttheyoungestthebiggest用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空.4.Maryhasthreebrothers.Smithis___________(tall)ofthethree.thetallest5.MountQomolangmais__________(high)intheworld.thehigh