浙江省金磚高中聯(lián)盟2024-2025學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期11月期中英語試題 含解析

浙江省金磚高中聯(lián)盟2024學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期中聯(lián)考高一年級英語學(xué)科試題考生須知：1.本卷共八頁滿分150分，考試時間120分鐘;2.答題前，在答題卷指定區(qū)域填寫班級、姓名、考場號座位號及準(zhǔn)考證號并填涂相應(yīng)數(shù)字;3.所有答案必須寫在答題卷上，寫在試卷上無效;4.考試結(jié)束后，只需上交答題卷。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whydoesthewomanoffertobuythemanapen?A.Hisbirthdayiscoming.B.Hispenhasbeenbrokenbyher.C.Heusuallyhasnopenstowritewith.2.Whatwilltheboyprobablydonext?A.Stayathome.B.Goswimming.C.Havefunwithhismother.3.Whatkindoffooddoesthegirldislike?A.Onions.B.Tomatoes.C.Carrots.4.Whatdoesthemansayaboutthefootballcoach?A.Heisfair.B.Heisthebest.C.Heisimproving.5.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Friends.B.Motherandson.C.Brotherandsister.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whenwillthespeakersarriveaccordingtotheman?A.At2:25p.m.B.At2:30p.m.C.At2:40p.m.7.Whatmakesthewomanfeelworried?A.Gettingstuckintraffic.B.Seeinganaccident.C.Takingadifferentroad.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whatkindoffireworksdothewoman’skidsprobablylike?A.Simpleones.B.Loudones.C.Quietones.9.WhatwillthewomanbringtotheGuyFawkesNight?A.Salad.B.Hotfood.C.Fireworks.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Atanoffice.B.Athome.C.Atanairport.11.Whatdoesthemanneedtodowiththereport?A.Readit.B.Changeit.C.Translateit.12.Wherewillthemeetingbeheld?A.InParis.B.InLondon.C.InStockholm.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?A.Whatbooksthemanlikestoread.BWhatskillsthemancanimproveupon.C.Whatsubjectsthewomanlikestostudy.14.Howdoesthemanfeelabouthisreadingability?A.Worried.B.Uncertain.C.Confident.15.Whydoesthemanneedtolearnactingskills?A.Tounderstandtheplays.B.Tolearnthecharacters.C.Toknowmoreaboutthewriters.16.WhatdoweknowaboutHannah?A.SheisaTVactress.B.Sheisamemberofthedramaclub.C.Sheiscurrentlystudyingatuniversity.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whathascausedrealchangestotheland?A.Therisingtemperature.B.Thebusinessbuildings.C.Thegrowingnumberofcyclists.18.WhatistheLadybowerLakemainlyusedfor?A.Developingtourism.B.Storingwaterforpeople.C.Protectingtheenvironment.19.WhatisundertheLadybowerLake?A.Anentirevillage.B.Hiddentreasures.C.Damagedbicycles.20.Whencanthechurchbeseen?A.Afteraflood.B.Indryweather.C.Afterastrongwind.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分5分)第一節(jié)(共15個小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卷上將該項涂黑。AChooseYourOne-Day-ToursintheUnitedStates!TourA—NewYorkCity:ImpressyourselfwiththebusycitywithavisittothefamouslandmarksoftheBigApple.ExploreTimesSquare,thecenterofthecitythatneversleeps,andwalkthroughthebeautifulCentralPark.Don’tmissthechancetoseetheworld-famousStatueofLibertyupclose.Price:$50.TourB—GrandCanyon:AppreciatetheamazingbeautyoftheGrandCanyon,oneofnature’sgreatestworks.TakeaguidedtouroftheSouthRimandbeamazedbythebreathtakingviewsofthedeep,colorfulcanyons.Catchunforgettablemomentswithimpressivephotoopportunities.Price:$80.TourC—SanFrancisco:Beginajourneytotheattractivecitybythebay.VisitthesplendidGoldenGateBridgewhereyoucantakebreathtakingphotosandexplorethelivelyFisherman’sWharf,andtakeaboattothehistoricAlcatrazIsland.Enjoyaguidedtourofthecity’slivelyneighborhoodsandsatisfyyourstomachwiththemouth-wateringdishes.Price:$60.TourD—MiamiBeach:Escapetothesunnyparadise(樂園)ofMiamiBeach.Startyourdaybyrelaxingontheunspoiledsandybeaches,batheyourselfinthelivelyenvironmentoftheArtDecoDistrict,andhaveanamazingexperienceinshoppinganddiningalongthefamousOceanDrivewhereyou’llfinduniquegiftstobringbackhome.Price:$45.ChooseyourfavouritetourandstartanunforgettableadventurethroughsomeofthemostfamousdestinationsintheUnitedStates.Clickheretobookyourone-daytournowandcreatememoriesthatwilllastalifetime.Pricesaresubjecttochange,sobookearlytoobtainyourspot!1.Whichtourwillyouchooseifyoulikenaturalwonders?A.TourA. B.TourB. C.TourC. D.TourD.2.WhatcanyouexperienceinbothTourCandTourD?A.Shoppingfortravelgifts.B.Tastingdeliciouslocalfood.C.Appreciatingdifferentkindsofarts.D.Experiencingthecity’shistoricalculture.3.Whatisthepossiblesourceofthistext?A.Anationalnewspaper. B.Amagazine.C.Atravelbrochure. D.Awebsitepage.【答案】1.B2.B3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了四種美國一日游的行程。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“TourB”中“GrandCanyon:AppreciatetheamazingbeautyoftheGrandCanyon,oneofnature’sgreatestworks.TakeaguidedtouroftheSouthRimandbeamazedbythebreathtakingviewsofthedeep,colorfulcanyons.(大峽谷：欣賞大峽谷的驚人之美，它是大自然最偉大的杰作之一。在導(dǎo)游的帶領(lǐng)下游覽南緣，你會被深邃多彩的峽谷的壯麗景色所震撼。)”可知，如果喜歡自然景觀，你會選擇TourB。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“TourC”中“Enjoyaguidedtourofthecity’slivelyneighborhoodsandsatisfyyourstomachwiththemouth-wateringdishes.(您可以在導(dǎo)游的帶領(lǐng)下游覽城市的熱鬧街區(qū)，用令人垂涎欲滴的菜肴來滿足您的胃)”及“TourD”中“Escapetothesunnyparadise(樂園)ofMiamiBeach.Startyourdaybyrelaxingontheunspoiledsandybeaches,batheyourselfinthelivelyenvironmentoftheArtDecoDistrict,andhaveanamazingexperienceinshoppinganddiningalongthefamousOceanDrivewhereyou’llfinduniquegiftstobringbackhome.(在未被破壞的沙灘上放松，沐浴在裝飾藝術(shù)區(qū)的熱鬧環(huán)境中，沿著著名的海洋大道購物和用餐，有一個令人驚嘆的體驗，在那里你會找到獨特的禮物帶回家)”可知，在Tour

C和Tour

D這兩個行程中你都可以品味美味的當(dāng)?shù)厥澄?。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“ChooseyourfavouritetourandstartanunforgettableadventurethroughsomeofthemostfamousdestinationsintheUnitedStates.Clickheretobookyourone-daytournowandcreatememoriesthatwilllastalifetime.(選擇你最喜歡的旅行，在美國一些最著名的目的地開始一次難忘的冒險。現(xiàn)在點擊這里預(yù)訂您的一日游，創(chuàng)造終生難忘的回憶)”可知，這篇文章可能來自一個網(wǎng)頁。故選D。BLamineYamal’sjourneyisnothingshortofextraordinary.HewasborntoaMoroccanfatherandanEquatorialGuineanmother,andhisearlylifewasaffectedbytheseparationofhisparents.Hewasraisedinanot-so-wealthyareainMataró,bytheseainSpain.Eventhoughlifewastough,soccerbecamehiswayoutandeventuallyledhimtobecomewell-known.Atjust15yearsold,hemadehistoryasBarcelona’syoungestplayerevertomaketheirdebut(首秀),evenmoreimpressivethanlegendslikePeléandLionelMessiintermsofrapidriseinthesport.Whenhescoredagoal,hewouldmakeaspecialhandgesturetosignify“304”,whichrepresentedtheneighborhoodhegrewupin.It’seasytoforgetjusthowyoungYamalis.At16,herequiredspecialpermissionunderGermanlawtoplayineveningmatchesandhadaguardian(保衛(wèi)者)withhimatalltimesduetohisage.Buthisagedidn’tholdhimback;instead,itshowedhowtalentedheis.A2-1victoryintheEuro2024finalmadehimastarasSpain’steenagegenius.Heplayedabigpartintheteam’ssuccess;hisgoalwaswhathelpedSpainwinagainstFranceinthesemi-final,andhealsohelpedhisteammateNicoWilliamsscorethefirstgoalinthefinal.Yamal’senergyandthefactthathe’shardtopredictareimportantfortheSpanishteam.Herepresentsabigchangeinsoccer,whereyoungplayersarebreakingtheruleswiththeirtalentanddetermination.Hisstoryservesasaninspiration,remindingusthatgreatnessoftencomesfromthemostunexpectedplaces,andthatwithpassion(熱情)andstrongwill,eventheyoungestamonguscandoamazingthings.4.WhydoestheauthormentionPeléandMessi?A.Tocomparedifferentgreatplayers.B.ToshowYamal’soutstandingtalent.C.TodiscusstheirinfluenceonYamal.D.Tohighlighttheimportanceofpeers.5.WhatcanbeinferredaboutYamalfromthesecondparagraph?A.Hehasstruggledtogainattentionduetohisyoungage.B.Hisagehasstoppedhimfromshowinghisskillstothefullest.C.Hesingle-handedlyensuredSpain’svictoryintheEuro2024final.D.Hewasnotallowedtoplayinnightgameswithoutspecialpermission.6.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeLamineYamal?A.Energeticandhonest.B.Determinedandtalented.C.Passionateandresponsible.D.Traditionalandstrong-willed.7.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.TheInspiringJourneyofLamineYamalinSoccer.B.ThechallengesLamineYamalfacedinhisearlylife.C.ThecomparisonbetweenYamalandotherfootballstars.D.Theimportanceofyouthfulenergyinachievinggreatnessinfootball.【答案】4.B5.D6.B7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇記敘文。文章講述了西班牙球員拉明·亞馬爾的足壇勵志之旅。【4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Atjust15yearsold,hemadehistoryasBarcelona’syoungestplayerevertomaketheirdebut(首秀),evenmoreimpressivethanlegendslikePeléandLionelMessiintermsofrapidriseinthesport.(年僅15歲的他就創(chuàng)造了歷史，成為巴薩史上最年輕的首次亮相的球員，甚至比貝利和萊昂內(nèi)爾·梅西這樣的傳奇人物在足球運(yùn)動中的迅速崛起更令人印象深刻)”可推知，作者提及貝利和梅西是為了展示LamineYamal在足球方面的卓越才能。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“It’seasytoforgetjusthowyoungYamalis.At16,herequiredspecialpermissionunderGermanlawtoplayineveningmatchesandhadaguardian(保衛(wèi)者)withhimatalltimesduetohisage.(人們很容易忘記亞馬爾有多年輕。16歲時，根據(jù)德國法律，他需要特別許可才能參加晚間比賽，而且由于他的年齡，他必須有一名監(jiān)護(hù)人隨時陪同)”可推知，由于年齡太小，沒有特別許可，他是不允許參加夜間比賽的。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Atjust15yearsold,hemadehistoryasBarcelona’syoungestplayerevertomaketheirdebut(首秀),evenmoreimpressivethanlegendslikePeléandLionelMessiintermsofrapidriseinthesport.(年僅15歲的他就創(chuàng)造了歷史，成為巴薩史上最年輕的首次亮相的球員，甚至比貝利和萊昂內(nèi)爾·梅西這樣的傳奇人物在足球運(yùn)動中的迅速崛起更令人印象深刻)”及最后一段“Herepresentsabigchangeinsoccer,whereyoungplayersarebreakingtheruleswiththeirtalentanddetermination.(他代表了足球界的一個巨大變化，年輕球員用他們的天賦和決心打破了規(guī)則)”可推知，Yamal年輕時就表現(xiàn)出了巨大的足球天賦，且在踢球方面充滿了決心和毅力。Determinedandtalented能最好地描述Yamal。故選B。【7題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“LamineYamal’sjourneyisnothingshortofextraordinary.(拉明·亞馬爾的旅程非同尋常)”及“Eventhoughlifewastough,soccerbecamehiswayoutandeventuallyledhimtobecomewell-known.Atjust15yearsold,hemadehistoryasBarcelona’syoungestplayerevertomaketheirdebut(首秀),evenmoreimpressivethanlegendslikePeléandLionelMessiintermsofrapidriseinthesport.(盡管生活很艱難，但足球成為了他的出路，并最終使他出名。年僅15歲的他就創(chuàng)造了歷史，成為巴薩史上最年輕的首次亮相的球員，甚至比Pelé和萊昂內(nèi)爾·梅西這樣的傳奇人物在足球運(yùn)動中的迅速崛起更令人印象深刻)”可知，本文介紹了西班牙球員拉明·亞馬爾的鼓舞人心的踢球天賦、決心和獲得的成就。由此可知，A選項“拉明·亞馬爾的足壇勵志之旅”符合主旨。故選A。CPsychologicalavoidance(心理回避)oravoidingemotions,acommonwaytoescapepainfulanduncomfortablethoughts,feelingsorsituations,canharmtheemotionalwell-beingandpersonalgrowthofhighschoolfreshmen.Actually,psychologicalavoidancecanleadtoincreasedlevelsofanxietyandstress.Avoidingfearsandworriesonlyallowsthemtogrowstronger.Byavoidingchallengingsituations,itpreventsstudentsfromdevelopingimportantskills,limitingtheiropportunitiesforself-discoveryandimprovement.ThefamousauthorJ.K.Rowlingoncesaid,“Itisimpossibletolivewithoutfailingatsomething,unlessyoulivesocarefullythatyoumightaswellnothavelivedatall.”Psychologicalavoidancedirectlyaffectshowwellstudentsdointheirstudies.Freshmenwhoturntoavoidancewillalwaysprocrastinate,orevenmissdeadlines.Byavoidingthenecessaryeffortsandtasksrequiredforlearning,studentsmaystruggletogaininformation,reducingtheopportunitytosucceedingrades.Psychologicalavoidancecanalsocausestressordiscomforttorelationships.Highschoolstudentsmayavoiddiscussingtheirfeelingswithfriendsorfamilymembers,leadingtomisunderstandingsandabreakdownincommunication.Insteadofdealingwiththeiremotions,theyholdbackorhidethemselves.Studentsmissoutonthechancetodeepentheirconnectionswithfriends,familyandpeers(同齡人),makingitharderforthemtoformhealthyrelationships.Psychologicalavoidancemayprovidecomfortforashortperiod,butinthelongrunitcanhavenegativeimpactsonourmentalhealth,personalgrowth,academicperformance,relationshipsandotheraspectsoflife.Breakingfreefromavoidancebehaviorsisimportantforacademicsuccessandself-confidence,andrecognizingtheharmfuleffectsofavoidanceisthefirststep.8.J.K.Rowlingmightagreethatbyavoidingchallengingsituations,______.A.wefailtodiscoverourthoughtsandfeelings.B.wecanavoidfailingatsomethingmoreeasily.C.wemissoutonvaluablelearningexperiences.D.wehaveopportunitiestoavoidfearsandworries.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“procrastinate”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Putofftasks. B.Escapefromreality.C.Missoutonchances. D.Getoutofcontrol.10.Howdoespsychologicalavoidanceaffectstudents’abilitytoformhealthyrelationships?A.Itleadstodifficultdiscussions.B.Itstopstheirconnectionswithothers.C.Itmakesthemfailtomakenewfriends.D.Itcausesthemtoescapefurthercommunication.11.Whatwillthefollowingparagraphprobablytalkabout?A.Theharmfuleffectsofpsychologicalavoidance.B.Theformsofpsychologicalavoidancebehaviors.C.Thestrategiesofovercomingpsychologicalavoidance.D.Theimportanceofbreakingfreefromavoidancebehaviors.【答案】8.C9.A10.D11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文，介紹了心理回避對于新的高中生的危害。【8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Byavoidingchallengingsituations,itpreventsstudentsfromdevelopingimportantskills,limitingtheiropportunitiesforself-discoveryandimprovement.ThefamousauthorJ.K.Rowlingoncesaid,“Itisimpossibletolivewithoutfailingatsomething,unlessyoulivesocarefullythatyoumightaswellnothavelivedatall.”(通過避免具有挑戰(zhàn)性的情況，它阻止了學(xué)生發(fā)展重要的技能，限制了他們自我發(fā)現(xiàn)和提高的機(jī)會。著名作家J.K·羅琳曾經(jīng)說過：“生活中不可能沒有失敗，除非你生活得如此謹(jǐn)慎，否則你還不如根本沒有生活過?！?”可推知，避免挑戰(zhàn)性會阻止學(xué)生自我發(fā)現(xiàn)和提高，因此，會導(dǎo)致錯過寶貴的學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗。故選C。【9題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞前文“Freshmenwhoturntoavoidancewillalways(逃避的新生總是)”及后文“orevenmissdeadlines.Byavoidingthenecessaryeffortsandtasksrequiredforlearning,studentsmaystruggletogaininformation,reducingtheopportunitytosucceedingrades.(甚至錯過最后期限。通過避免必要的努力和學(xué)習(xí)所需的任務(wù)，學(xué)生可能難以獲得信息，減少了在成績上取得成功的機(jī)會。)”可知，逃避的新生總是會拖延或者最終錯過期限，劃線詞表示“拖延任務(wù)”putofftasks。故選A。【10題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Highschoolstudentsmayavoiddiscussingtheirfeelingswithfriendsorfamilymembers,leadingtomisunderstandingsandabreakdownincommunication.Insteadofdealingwiththeiremotions,theyholdbackorhidethemselves.Studentsmissoutonthechancetodeepentheirconnectionswithfriends,familyandpeers(同齡人),makingitharderforthemtoformhealthyrelationships.(高中生可能會避免與朋友或家人討論他們的感受，導(dǎo)致誤解和溝通的中斷。他們不去處理自己的情緒，而是退縮或隱藏自己。學(xué)生們失去了與朋友、家人和同齡人加深聯(lián)系的機(jī)會，這使得他們更難建立健康的關(guān)系。)”可知，心理回避會導(dǎo)致學(xué)生逃避進(jìn)一步的交流，從而難以建立健康的關(guān)系。故選D。11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Breakingfreefromavoidancebehaviorsisimportantforacademicsuccessandself-confidence,andrecognizingtheharmfuleffectsofavoidanceisthefirststep.(擺脫回避行為對學(xué)業(yè)成功和自信心至關(guān)重要，認(rèn)識到回避的有害影響是第一步。)”可推知，文章最后提到如何擺脫回避行為的第一步，因此，后文會說明克服心理回避的策略。故選C。DAsweage,thequalityofoursleepexperiencesgreatchanges,whicharelikelytoincreaseourriskofdevelopingneurodegenerativediseasessuchasdementia(癡呆).Arecentstudyhasshownhowthelossofslow-wavesleep—averyimportantstageforbrainhealth—relatedtoanincreasedriskofdevelopingdementiaovertime.Slow-wavesleep,alsoknownasdeepsleep,isthethirdstageofthesleepcycle.It’sduringthisperiodthatthebrainplaysanactiveroleinrestorativeprocesses(恢復(fù)過程),includingtheclearanceofunwantedormaterialsthatcouldhurt,suchasbeta-amyloidprotein.ThisproteinisespeciallyimportantforustoknowaboutAlzheimer’sdisease,themostcommonformofdementia.InthestudyledbyMatthewP.Pase,anassociateprofessorofpsychologyandneurologyatMonashUniversityinAustralia,researchersdiscoveredthatagingwasrelatedtoanoticeabledecreaseintheamountofslow-wavesleep.Moreover,peopleexperiencinggreaterreductionsinslow-wavesleepovertimeexhibitedahigherriskofdevelopingdementiaoverthenext17yearsoffollow-up.Dr.RichardIsaacson,directorofresearchattheInstituteforNeurodegenerativeDiseasesinFlorida,stressedtheimportanceofthesefindings.Hehighlightedthatslow-wavesleepisconsideredthemostrestorativeperiodforthebrain.Thestudypointsuptheimportanceofnotjustmonitoringthetotalhoursofsleepbutalsofocusingonthequalityofsleeptoreducetheriskofcognitive(認(rèn)知的)declineanddementia.Thisresearchaddstothegrowingbodyofevidencesuggestingthatsleepqualityplaysanimportantroleinmaintainingcognitivehealth.Aswecontinuetouncoverthemysteriesofsleepanditsimpactonthebrain,actionsaimedatimprovingsleepqualitycouldpossiblybecomeakeyfactorinthepreventionandmanagementofdementia.Inconclusion,thestudyservesasapowerfulreminderofthecloseconnectionbetweensleepandbrainhealth.Byhighlightingsleepqualityandseekingmedicaladvicewhenexperiencingsleepissues,peoplecantakepreventativestepstowardssafeguardingtheircognitivewell-beingastheyage.12.Whatisthemainfocusofthestudydiscussedinthepassage?A.Agingandsleepqualityinrelationtoneurodegenerativediseases.B.Theeffectivenessofvarioussleepmedicationsforslow-wavesleep.C.Theroleofdietinpreventingdementiaandothercognitiveproblems.D.Thebenefitsofphysicalexerciseforimprovingsleepqualityinolderadults.13.Whichofthefollowingfactorsmayleadtodementia?A.High-qualitysleep. B.Harmfulmaterials.C.Beta-amyloidprotein. D.Alargeamountofsleep.14.Whatdotheresearcherssuggestreadersdo?A.Peopleshouldmaintainagoodlivingenvironment.B.Peopleshouldtakemeasurestopreventtheagingprocess.C.Peopleshouldbeawareoftheconnectionbetweensleepandbrainwell-being.D.Peopleshouldhighlightseekingmedicalsupportastheynoticehealthproblems.15Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheImpactofAgingonSleepPatterns.B.TheBenefitsofDeepSleepforBrainHealth.C.HighlightingSleepQualitytoPreventAging.D.ImprovingSleepQualitytoGuardAgainstDementia.【答案】12.A13.C14.C15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要闡述了深度睡眠減少與老年人癡呆風(fēng)險增加之間的聯(lián)系，強(qiáng)調(diào)改善睡眠質(zhì)量對預(yù)防認(rèn)知衰退的重要性。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Asweage,thequalityofoursleepexperiencesgreatchanges,whicharelikelytoincreaseourriskofdevelopingneurodegenerativediseasessuchasdementia(癡呆).Arecentstudyhasshownhowthelossofslow-wavesleep—averyimportantstageforbrainhealth—relatedtoanincreasedriskofdevelopingdementiaovertime.(隨著年齡的增長，我們的睡眠質(zhì)量會發(fā)生顯著變化，這些變化可能會增加我們患神經(jīng)退行性疾病(如癡呆)的風(fēng)險。最近的一項研究表明，慢波睡眠——對大腦健康非常重要的一個階段——的喪失與隨著時間推移患癡呆風(fēng)險的增加有關(guān))”可知，這篇文章主要討論的是隨著年齡的增長，睡眠質(zhì)量和神經(jīng)退行性疾病之間的關(guān)系。故選A。【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“It’sduringthisperiodthatthebrainplaysanactiveroleinrestorativeprocesses(恢復(fù)過程),includingtheclearanceofunwantedormaterialsthatcouldhurt,suchasbeta-amyloidprotein.ThisproteinisespeciallyimportantforustoknowaboutAlzheimer’sdisease,themostcommonformofdementia.(在這個階段，大腦在修復(fù)過程中扮演著積極的角色，包括清除可能造成傷害的不需要的物質(zhì)，比如β-淀粉樣蛋白。這種蛋白質(zhì)對于我們了解阿爾茨海默病尤為重要，因為阿爾茨海默病是最常見的癡呆形式)”可知，β-淀粉樣蛋白是導(dǎo)致癡呆的重要因素之一。故選C。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Inconclusion,thestudyservesasapowerfulreminderofthecloseconnectionbetweensleepandbrainhealth.Byhighlightingsleepqualityandseekingmedicaladvicewhenexperiencingsleepissues,peoplecantakepreventativestepstowardssafeguardingtheircognitivewell-beingastheyage.(總之，這項研究有力地提醒了睡眠與大腦健康之間的密切聯(lián)系。通過關(guān)注睡眠質(zhì)量并在遇到睡眠問題時尋求醫(yī)療建議，人們可以在老化過程中采取預(yù)防措施來保護(hù)自己的認(rèn)知健康)”可知，研究人員建議人們應(yīng)當(dāng)意識到睡眠與腦健康之間的聯(lián)系，并在遇到睡眠問題時尋求醫(yī)療建議。故選C?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容及第一段“Asweage,thequalityofoursleepexperiencesgreatchanges,whicharelikelytoincreaseourriskofdevelopingneurodegenerativediseasessuchasdementia(癡呆).Arecentstudyhasshownhowthelossofslow-wavesleep—averyimportantstageforbrainhealth—relatedtoanincreasedriskofdevelopingdementiaovertime.(隨著年齡的增長，我們的睡眠質(zhì)量會發(fā)生顯著變化，這些變化可能會增加我們患神經(jīng)退行性疾病(如癡呆)的風(fēng)險。最近的一項研究表明，慢波睡眠——對大腦健康非常重要的一個階段——的喪失與隨著時間推移患癡呆風(fēng)險的增加有關(guān))”和最后一段“Inconclusion,thestudyservesasapowerfulreminderofthecloseconnectionbetweensleepandbrainhealth.Byhighlightingsleepqualityandseekingmedicaladvicewhenexperiencingsleepissues,peoplecantakepreventativestepstowardssafeguardingtheircognitivewell-beingastheyage.(總之，這項研究有力地提醒了睡眠與大腦健康之間的密切聯(lián)系。通過關(guān)注睡眠質(zhì)量并在遇到睡眠問題時尋求醫(yī)療建議，人們可以在老化過程中采取預(yù)防措施來保護(hù)自己的認(rèn)知健康)”可知，文章主要討論了通過改善睡眠質(zhì)量來預(yù)防癡呆的重要性，包括慢波睡眠(深度睡眠)對于大腦健康的積極作用，以及隨年齡增長慢波睡眠減少與癡呆風(fēng)險增加之間的關(guān)聯(lián)。因此，選項D“提高睡眠質(zhì)量以預(yù)防癡呆”最能概括文章的核心內(nèi)容，是文章的最佳標(biāo)題。故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分。滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后所給的A-G選項中選出能補(bǔ)全短文的最佳選項。其中兩項為多余選項。Recently,smartwatchesandfitnesstrackers(健身追蹤器)aregettingincreasinglypopular,allowinguserstomonitortheirdailyactivitiessuchasstepcountsandheartrates.____16____Ifyes,itmightbeasignthatyou’readdictedtoyourfitnesstracker.____17____Ifyoukeepsettingunrealisticdailygoalsthatinvolveworkingoutfortoolong,andifyoubegintoignorefriendsandresponsibilitiestomaketimeforyourworkout,thenyou’remostprobablyaddictedtoyourfitnesstracker.It’sabigchallengetoovercometheaddictiontofitnesstrackers.Afterall,reachingadailystepcountcanbesoattractive.____18____Ofcourse,failingtomeetyourdailygoalcanbediscouraging.Youmightfocusonyourshortcomingsratherthanyourprogress.____19____Actually,thisaddictiontostepcountcanberisky,mentallyandphysically.Therefore,ifyou’respendingtoomuchtimelookingatyoursmartwatch,limityourdailystepcounttoacomfortablelevel.____20____Forexample,concentratingonyourhobbiesorsocializingwithfriendscanbeagreatwaytokeepyourmindonotherthings.A.Don’toveruseyoursmartwatch.B.Itfailstoexpresswhatyou’rereallyfeeling.C.Howcanyoutellwhetheryou’readdictedtoyourfitnesstracker?D.However,doyoufindyourselfexaminingyourstepcountandheartratetoooften?E.Besides,youcanfindotheractivitiestotakewithoutconstantlycheckingyourfitnesstracker.F.Forexample,thenumberinyoursmartwatchshowinghowfaryou’vecomecangiveyouasenseofachievement.G.Anotherproblemisthatyoumightfindyourselfpayingtoomuchattentiontothestepnumberratherthanhowyourbodyfeels.【答案】16.D17.C18.F19.G20.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了現(xiàn)在人們?nèi)菀讓∩碜粉櫰魃习a，并建議人們戒除對這些健身追蹤器的上癮?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Recently,smartwatchesandfitnesstrackers(健身追蹤器)aregettingincreasinglypopular,allowinguserstomonitortheirdailyactivitiessuchasstepcountsandheartrates.(最近，智能手表和健身追蹤器越來越受歡迎，用戶可以監(jiān)控他們的日?；顒樱热绮綌?shù)和心率)”及下文“Ifyes,itmightbeasignthatyou’readdictedtoyourfitnesstracker.(如果是，這可能表明你對健身追蹤器上癮了)”可知，空處為一般疑問句，且和對健身追蹤器上癮相關(guān)。由此可知，D選項“然而，你是否發(fā)現(xiàn)自己過于頻繁地檢查步伐和心率？”能夠承上啟下，符號語境。故選D項?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Ifyoukeepsettingunrealisticdailygoalsthatinvolveworkingoutfortoolong,andifyoubegintoignorefriendsandresponsibilitiestomaketimeforyourworkout,thenyou’remostprobablyaddictedtoyourfitnesstracker.(如果你一直設(shè)定不切實際的日常目標(biāo)，包括鍛煉太久，如果你開始忽略朋友和責(zé)任來騰出時間鍛煉，那么你很可能對健身追蹤器上癮了)”可知，下文舉例說明如何判斷自己對健身追蹤器上癮。由此推知，空處提問“如何判斷自己對健身追蹤器上癮”。C選項“你如何判斷自己是否對健身追蹤器上癮？”能夠銜接下文，符合語境。故選C項?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Afterall,reachingadailystepcountcanbesoattractive.(畢竟，達(dá)到每天的步數(shù)是如此吸引人)”可知，選項承接上文具體說明是如何吸引人的。由此可知，F(xiàn)選項“例如，智能手表上顯示你走了多遠(yuǎn)的數(shù)字可以給你一種成就感”能夠銜接上文，符合語境。故選F項?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Ofcourse,failingtomeetyourdailygoalcanbediscouraging.Youmightfocusonyourshortcomingsratherthanyourprogress.(當(dāng)然，達(dá)不到每天的目標(biāo)會讓人沮喪。你可能會關(guān)注自己的缺點而不是進(jìn)步)”可知，選項與上文為并列關(guān)系說明出現(xiàn)的另一個問題。由此可知，G選項“另一個問題是，你可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己過于關(guān)注步數(shù)，而不是身體的感覺。”能夠銜接上文，符合語境。故選G項?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Forexample,concentratingonyourhobbiesorsocializingwithfriendscanbeagreatwaytokeepyourmindonotherthings.(例如，專注于你的愛好或與朋友社交是讓你專注于其他事情的好方法)”可知，下文建議我們做一些與健身追蹤器無關(guān)的事情。由此可知，E選項“此外，你可以找其他事情做，而不需要檢查你的健身追蹤器。”能夠銜接下文，符合語境。故選E項。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共四節(jié)，滿分55分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Alicewaseverywhere,untilsuddenly,shewasn’t.Imetheratadinnerparty____21____byRichardwhohadinvitedusalltohishouse.Thatnight,Alice’sdark,shiningeyes____22____mineacrossthetable.“Iknowyoufrom____23____.”Shesaid.Wesattogetherandhadthegetting-to-know-you____24____.Aweeklater,onmymorningrun,I____25____Aliceagainandnowweknew.“ThisiswhereIseeyou!”Webothexclaimed____26____!____27____,wehadunknowinglypassedeachothercountlesstimesonthetrailduringourmorningjog.Soon,webeganjoggingtogethereveryday,andwhatstartedasa____28____exercisebecameanimportantpartofmylife.Overthemonths,AliceandIdiscoveredwehadbeen____29____eachothermoreplacesthanthetrail(小路).Wehadworkedinthesameofficebuilding,attendedthesameevents,and____30____inthesamesocialcirclesbeforewemet.Once,ItoldheraboutDavid,my____31____husband,wholosthislifeinaterribleaccident.Inatwistoffate,AlicetoldmethatDavidhadbeentheERdoctorwhotriedtosaveherfirsthusband.Itfeltlikedestinythatbroughtustogether.Onespringday,whilewewerejogging,Alicefell.Itrieddesperatelytosaveher,butshewas____32____.Herdeath____33____melikeahammer(錘子),leavingaholeIcouldn’tfill.Afewdayslater,Ireturnedtothe____34____,feelingsad.There,ImetamanwhohadhelpedmeduringAlice’scollapse.Westartedwalkingtogether,andaswetalked,IcouldhearAlice’swords:Iamgoingtofindhimforyou,yournextsoulmate.Isuddenlyrealized:Alicehadkepther____35____.21.A.operated B.ran C.conducted D.hosted22.A.met B.caught C.fixed D.flashed23.A.everywhere B.somewhere C.anywhere D.nowhere24.A.discussion B.debate C.conversation D.argument25.A.ranon B.ranat C.raninto D.ranafter26.A.naturally B.secretly C.curiously D.excitedly27.A.Actually B.Finally C.Obviously D.Similarly28.A.simple B.challenging C.physical D.positive29.A.impressing B.passing C.admiring D.tracking30.A.wentout B.hangout C.headedout D.setout31.A.dying B.failed C.late D.last32.A.missing B.lost C.gone D.absent33.A.hit B.defeated C.cut D.left34.A.hospital B.office C.party D.trail35.A.dream B.promise C.goal D.role【答案】21.D22.A23.B24.C25.C26.D27.A28.A29.B30.B31.C32.C33.A34.D35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講的是作者與Alice之間獨特而深刻的緣分與友誼，以及Alice去世后作者生活中的轉(zhuǎn)變?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我是在Richard舉辦的一次晚宴上認(rèn)識她的，他邀請我們所有人去他家。A.operated操作；B.ran跑；C.conduct