新版譯林高中英語(yǔ)課件教案練習(xí)選擇性必修三Unit 3 Back to the past（A卷·夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)）（原卷版）

Unit3Backtothepast測(cè)試（A卷·夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)）（時(shí)間：90分鐘，滿(mǎn)分：100分）第一部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿(mǎn)分50分)第一節(jié)(共10小題:每小題2分,滿(mǎn)分20分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。A（2020·四川樂(lè)山·高三階段練習(xí)）Lookingaroundyourcity,itmaybehardtoimaginethattheremightbeatimewhenitwilldisappear.Butthat'sexactlywhathappenedtothesecommunities.HashimaIsland,JapanHashimaIslandwasformerlyoneofthemostpopulatedcitiesintheworld.The6hectareislandprovidedjobstomorethan5000people,manyofwhommadetheirlivingattheisland'sunderwatercoalmines.Whenthemineswereclosed,HashimaIslandwasabandoned.Consonno,ItalyConsonnowasatinytownwithapopulationoflessthan300androotsdatingbacktothemiddleages.ThenMarioBagnocamealonganddecidedtoturntheareaintotheLasVegasofItaly.Heknockeddownnearlyeverybuilding.Thenlandslidestruck,buryingtheaccessroadandtheprojectwasneverfinished.Today,Consonnohasbeenabandoned.EasternSettlement,GreenlandEasternSettlementinGreenlandisn'tjustanabandonedcity,it'salsoamystery.OncethemostpopulatedareainGreenland,theareawasabandonedandnooneknowswhy.Thelastknownwritingsfromtheareaappliedtoaweddingin1408andofferednoclues.Itremainsoneofmanyancientmysteriesresearcherscan,texplain.Troy,TurkeyTroywasregardedimmortal（不朽的）inHomer'sepicpoem,TheIliad.Formanyyears,theTroyofAncientGreecewasmerelythestuffoflegendbutinthe1800sitslocationwasdiscoveredinwhatisnowTurkey.Thesitecontainslayersofruinsarchaeologistsarestillstudying.1．Whatdothefourcommunitieshaveincommon?A．Theyweredeserted. B．Theywerecapitalcities.C．Theyweretouristspots. D．Theywerethicklypopulated.2．Whichcommunitysufferedfromanaturaldisaster?A．HashimaIsland. B．Consonno.C．EasternSettlement. D．Troy.3．WhatdoweknowaboutEasternSettlement?A．Itdisappearedfornoobviousreason.B．It'saplacewhereweddingswereheld.C．It'saplaceforvisitorstoexperiencehistory.D．ItexistedasoneoftheoldesttownsinGreenland.B（2020·全國(guó)·高二課時(shí)練習(xí)）ThereweremanybattlesthattookplaceduringtheAmericanRevolutionaryWar(1775—1783),butperhapssoneoftheworstbattlesinvolved.theAmericanContinentalArmyversus(對(duì)抗)thewinteratValleyForgein1777and1778.HeremanypeoplebelievewaswheretheAmericanArmywasborn.ValleyForgeislocatedabout25milesnorthwestofPhiladelphiainthesoutheasterncornerofPennsylvania.GeneralGeorgeWashingtonwasthecommander-in-chiefoftheContinentalArmyandhedecidedtosetupwintercampatValleyForge.ItwasclosetoPhiladelphia,whichwaswheretheBritishhadbeencampingoutforthewinter.Thisallowedhimtokeepawatchfuleyeontheirmovements.TherewerehighareasinMountJoyandMountMiserywherethearmycouldmakefortifications(防御工事).NearbywasalsotheSchuylkillRiver,whichwasusedasabarriertotheNorth.Thearmy'sstayatValleyForgeturnedintoatimeoftraining.BesidesWashington,twootherleadersincludedGeneralFriedrichvonSteubenandGeneralMarquisdeLafayette.SteubenwasborninPrussiaandarrivedatValleyForgewitharecommendationletterfromstatesmanandscientistBenjaminFranklin.HetrainedtheContinentalArmyusingthedailydrill(操練),evenintheextremelycoldweather.Infact,hewasresponsibleforwritingthearmy'sRevolutionaryWarDrillManual,whichservedasthestandardUnitedStatesdrillmanual(手冊(cè))untiltheWarof1812.LafayettewasaFrenchmilitaryleader,workingfornopay,andaskingfornospecialtreatment.Helaterbecameanimportantcommanderinseveralkeybattlesduringthewar.Besidesthefreezingweather,itwasconsistentlycold,wet,andsnowyatValleyForge.Inaddition,foodwaslacking,andtherewereveryfewwarmclothes,shoes,orblankets.Thelogcabinstheylivedinwerecrowded,coldanddamp,andalloweddiseasestoeasilyspread.Ofthe10,000menatValleyForge,2,500diedbeforethebreakofspringmostlyfromdiseases.FollowingthewinteratValleyForge,underWashington'sleadership,abetter-disciplined,trained,andmorepowerfularmy,inhighspirits,leftonJune19,1778.Ninedayslater,theirfirstvictoryagainsttheBritishoccurredattheBattleofMonmouthinNewJersey.4．WhywasValleyForgechosenasthesiteofawintercamp?A．Itwaskeytotheeffectiveconductofwar. B．Itwasanidealplaceformilitarytraining.C．ItwasveryfarfromtheBritishcamp. D．Itwasanareawithadequatesupplies.5．Whowastheauthoroftheimportantdrillmanual?A．BenjaminFranklin. B．GeorgeWashington.C．MarquisdeLafayette. D．FriedrichvonSteuben.6．WhichcanbeusedtodescribetheconditionsatValleyForge?A．Strange. B．Tough. C．Favorable. D．Relaxing.7．HowdidtheContinentalArmychangeafterthewinter?A．ItwastakenoverbytheAmericanArmy. B．Itwonmoresupportfromthepeople.C．Ithadmanymoresoldiers. D．Itbecameastrongerarmy.C（2021·北京·人大附中三模）ItwasasimpleletteraskingforaplacetostudyatScotland'soldestuniversitywhichhelpedstartarevolutioninhighereducation.A140-year-oldletterwrittenbyaladycallingforhertobeledtostudymedicineatStAndrewsUniversityhasbeendiscoveredbyresearchers.WrittenbySophiaJex-Blakein1873,thesevendocument,whichurgedtheuniversitytoallowwomentostudymedicineattheinstitution,wasreleasedyesterdayonInternationalWomen'sDay.Thedocumentwasdiscoveredburiedintheuniversityarchivesbypart-timehistorystudentLisSmith,whoiscompletingherPhDatStAndrewsInstituteofScottishHistoricalResearch.Shesaid,"WeknewthatSophiaJex-Blakeandhersupporters,intheirefforttoopenupuniversitymedicaleducationforwomen,hadwrittentotheSenatusAcademicus（校評(píng)議委員會(huì)）atStAndrewsinanattempttogainpermissiontoattendclassesthere,butwedidn'tknowdocumentaryevidenceexisted.Whilesearchingthearchivesforinformationabouttheuniversity'shighercertificateforwomen,IwasastonishedtocomeacrosswhatmustbetheveryletterJex-Blakewrote."Intheletter,SophiaandhersupportersofferedtohireteachersorbuildsuitablebuildingsforamedicalschoolandtoarrangeforlecturestobedeliveredinthesubjectsnotalreadycoveredatStAndrews.Althoughherletterwasnotsuccessful,iteventuallyledtotheestablishmentoftheLadiesLiterateinArtsatStAndrews,adistance-learningdegreeforwomen.Thequalification,whichranfrom1877untilthe1930s,gavewomenaccesstouniversityeducationinthedaysbeforetheywereadmittedasstudents.ItwassopopularthatitsurvivedlongafterwomenwereadmittedasfullstudentstoStAndrewsin1892.MsJex-BlakewentontohelpestablishtheLondonSchoolofMedicineforWomenin1874.ShewasacceptedbytheUniversityofBerne,whereshewasawardedamedicaldegreeinJanuary1877.Eventually,shemovedbacktoEdinburghandopenedherownpractice.8．SophiawrotealettertoStAndrewsUniversitybecauseshewanted________.A．tocarryoutaresearchprojectthereB．tosetupamedicalinstitutethereC．tostudymedicinethereD．todeliverlecturesthere9．LisSmithfoundSophia'slettertoStAndrewsUniversity________.A．bypurechance B．intheschoolofficeC．withhersupporters'help D．whilereadinghistorybook10．Sophia'sletterresultedintheestablishmentof________.A．theLondonSchoolofMedicineforWomenB．a(chǎn)degreeprogrammeforwomenC．a(chǎn)systemofmedicaleducationD．theUniversityofBerner第二節(jié)(共5小題:每小題2分,滿(mǎn)分10分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。（2021·山東膠州·高一期末）Britonsarewellknownfortheamountofteathattheydrink.TheaveragepersonintheUKconsumesaround1.9kgofteaannually.That’saround876cupsoftea.Teaisdrunkbyallsectionsofsociety.____11____ThevastmajorityofteaisgrowninIndiaandChina.So,howdiditbecomeanimportantpartofBritishculture?TeaarrivedinLondoninthe1600s.____12____Itwasnotlongbeforegreenteawasavailabletobuy.However,thiswasonlyavailabletotherichersectionsofsociety.Atthebeginningofthe1700stheamountofteaarrivinginBritainincreasedgradually.Blackteaarrivedatthistime.____13____Theysoondiscoveredthatitmixedreallywellwithalittlemilkandsugar,givingthedrinkaspecialBritishcharacteristic.Inthe1800steawasstillaproductenjoyedonlybypeoplewithmoney.Atthistimetheybegantohave‘a(chǎn)fternoontea’.Thisinvolvesdrinkingteawithasnackaround4p.m.toavoidfeelinghungrybetweenlunchanddinner.____14________15____Itwasnolongeradrinkjustforrichpeople.Tearooms-shopswhereyoucouldbuyanddrinktea-startedtoappearacrossthecountry.Peopleenjoyeddrinkingteaandsocialisingintheseplaces.Atthestartofthe20thcentury,Britonsbegantomaketeaintheirhomeswhenevertheyfeltlikeit.Kettlesbecameessentialineverykitchen.A．ButteadoesnotgrowinBritain.B．Britainbegantodrinkteaintheseventeenthcentury.C．AtfirstpeopledrankthisteaexactlyasitwasinChina.D．TheteacultureofBritainisthemostfamousandtypical.E．Itisatraditionthatisstillgoingtodaybuthasbecomelesspopularinrecenttimes.F．AtthistimeBritishshipswereexploringtheworldandcameacrossthedrinkinChina.G．Inthelate1800s,thepriceofteadecreasedsharplyasmoreteabegantoarriveonshipsfromIndiaandChina.第二部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題:每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分15分)閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。（2019·福建·高一期末）OneofthemostimportanteventsinthemodernOlympicGamesistheMarathon(馬拉松)race.Therace___16___oneofthegreateventsinGreekhistory.In490BC．a(chǎn)bout10,000Greeks___17___againstthePersianarmyataplacecalledMarathon.Itis___18___thatthePersiansweretentimesas___19___astheGreeks.However,wherethereisawill,thereisaway.___20___thebraveattackoftheGreeks,thePersianswerebadlybeatenand___21___awayfromtheplainofMarathon.WhenthePersianshadrunaway,asoldier,whowasthemostfamous___22___inAthens,was___23___tocarrythegoodnewstothecityandhewasalsoaskedtomarchatfullspeed.Althoughhehadfoughtthroughthebattleand___24___manywounds,thesoldieratoncestartedofftowardthe____25____city____26____wastwenty-sixandaquartermilesfromtheplainofMarathontotheMarketplaceofAthens,____27____theretheeldersofAthenshadgathered____28____fornews.Heranandranover____29____andacrossplains.Ashewenton,hislipsbecame____30____andhisbreathinghard,butwhenhethoughtofthejoyofthepeopleofAthensonhearingthenews,heranharderthanever.AtlasttheeldersofAthensheardagreatshoutandsawasoldierstaggering(蹣跚)towardthem.”Rejoice!Rejoice!Wewon!”saidthesoldier,andfelldowndead.Inhonorofthisnoblesoldierandathlete,wehaveinthemodernOlympicGamestheMarathonrace,wheretheathletesrunthissamedistance.16．A．comeround B．cameabout C．cameout D．camefrom17．A．exploded B．competed C．fought D．hunted18．A．designed B．said C．told D．reported19．A．little B．few C．many D．much20．A．In B．To C．Before D．By21．A．taken B．driven C．got D．rolled22．A．player B．officer C．soldier D．runner23．A．a(chǎn)dvised B．ordered C．succeeded D．a(chǎn)llowed24．A．a(chǎn)ccepted B．harmed C．received D．formed25．A．far B．nearby C．close D．distant26．A．This B．That C．There D．It27．A．a(chǎn)nd B．but C．or D．so28．A．a(chǎn)sking B．calling C．waiting D．looking29．A．railways B．hills C．rivers D．highways30．A．fancy B．wet C．red D．dry第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。（2019·全國(guó)全國(guó)·高一課時(shí)練習(xí)）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。TheVikings,agroupofpeople__31__ancestorscamefromScandinavia,werethefirstEuropeans__32__(reach)America.In982AD,therewere10,000Vikings__33__(live)inIceland.According__34__theoldstories,ErictheRedwasforcedtoleaveIcelandbecausehehadcommitted__35__murder,forwhichhegotintotrouble.HereachedGreenlandandthenreturnedtoIcelandandtoldpeopleaboutGreenland.Later,hesetsailagain,with25ships,ofwhichonly14made__36__toGreenland.AmancalledBiarniwashopingtojoinhisfatherwhowaswithEric,buthewasblownoffcourseandfoundhimselfinan__37__(know)landthatnohumansseemedtohavesteppedon,fromwherehereachedGreenland.In1002,ErictheRed’ssonLeiffollowedBiarni’sdirectionsandsailedtowhatisbelievedtobethecoastofpresent-dayCanada.Hethensailed__38__(far)southtoanislandnowknownasNewfoundland.Weknowabouttheirdeedsthroughstorieswhich__39__(write)downcenturieslaterinNorwayandIceland.Theyarethefirst___40___(record)wehaveofEuropeanssailingtotheAmerica.第三部分寫(xiě)作（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分40分）應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作（滿(mǎn)分15分)（2021·安徽淮南·一模）你校正在組織英語(yǔ)作文比賽。請(qǐng)以我最喜歡的中國(guó)歷史人物為題，寫(xiě)一篇短文參賽，內(nèi)容包括：1.該人物及其主要貢獻(xiàn)簡(jiǎn)介；2.該人物對(duì)你的影響。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.短文題目已為你寫(xiě)好。MyfavoritefigureinChinesehistory_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二節(jié)(滿(mǎn)分25分)（2021·福建·廈門(mén)市松柏中學(xué)高三期中）閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫(xiě)兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。續(xù)寫(xiě)的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。Formanyyears,Ihadarecurringdream.Iwasalittlegirlagain,rushingabout,tryingtogetreadyforschool.“Hurry,you'llbelateforschool,”mymothercalledtome.“Iamhurrying,Mom!WhatdidIdowithmybooks?”DeepinsideIknewwherethedreamcamefrom.Itwasaboutsomeunfinishedbusinessinmylife.Asakid,Ilovedeverythingaboutschool.Ilovedbooks,teachers,testsandhomework.MostofallIlongedtosomedaymarchdowntheaisletoreceivemydiploma.Thatseemedmoreappealingeventhangettingmarried.Butat15,Ihadtodropoutbecausemyparentscouldn'taffordtuition.Myhopeofgettingadiplomawasdead,orsoIthought.Prettysoon,Imarriedandhadthreechildren,andIthought:“Theregoesmydiploma.”Evenso,Iwantedmychildrentobeeducated.ButLinda,ouryoungestchild,hadjuvenilearthritisinherhandsandknees,whichmadeitimpossibleforhertofunctioninanormalclassroom.IfeltsorryforherandIdidn'twanthertoliveherlifewithregret.Ididn'tgiveuphopeofherbeingbacktoschoolinsomeway.Oneday,Isawanadinthenewspaperforeveningcourses.“That'stheanswer,”Isaidtomyself.Lindaalwaysfeelsbetterint