新版譯林高中英語課件教案練習選擇性必修三 Unit 3 Back to the past（B卷·提升能力）（原卷版）

Unit3Backtothepast測試（B卷·提升能力）（時間：100分鐘，滿分：120分）第一部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題:每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。A（2021·浙江省桐廬中學高二階段練習）Today,environmentalproblemshavetakenoverasthegreatestrisktolifeonEarth.Scientistsarethinkingofwaystolowerthisrisk,suchasreplacingcoalandoilwithformsofrenewableenergy.Buttheyarealsopreparingfortheworst:whatisourPlanBforEarth?Oneoptionistoexploreotherplanetstoseeifwecouldliveonthem.ThemostlikelychoiceisMars,whichisrelativelyclosetoEarth.Marshasfascinatedpeoplesinceancienttimes.Sincethe1960s,wehavebeensendingunmannedspacecrafttoMars.Ourprobes(探測器)haveorbitedtheplanet,sendingbackvaluabledataandstunningimages.OurrobotshaveexploredtheMartiansurface,testingthesoilandsearchingforresources,waterandsignsoflife.Encouragedbydiscoveriesovertheyear,spaceagenciesofvariouscountiesarepanningmannedmissionstoMarsthatcouldtakeplacewithinthenext25years.NodoubtthathumankindisdrawntowardsMars,withdreamsofmakingitoursecondhome.However,sendingpeopletherewillrequireallthesill,courageandintelligenceofthehumanrace.WhiletheMooncanbereachedwithindays,itwouldtakemonthstoreachMars,travellingthroughdangeroussolarradiation(輻射).AndevenifthefirstsettlersdoreachMarssafely,theymaynotbeabletoreturntoEarthever.Stayingalivewillbeadailychallenge,butasprovedbytheBiosphere2experiment,notimpossible.Althoughthetwo-yearexperimentwasnotasuccess,itdidprovideuswithabetterunderstandingofhowhumansmightbeabletoliveonanotherplanet.Morerecently,scientistshavesucceededingrowingavarietyofplantsinanenvironmentsimilartothatonMars.Thatdefinitelyisabigstepforward.Fornow,humansettlementofMarsisstilldecadesaway.Untilwearefinallyabletoliveonanotherplanet,weneedtotakemuchbettercareofourown.Rightnow,it'stheonlyonewehave!1．PlanBforEarthisaimedat________.A．developingrenewableenergyresourcesB．seekingplanetsforhumans'secondhomeC．reducingtheenvironmentalrisktolifeonEarthD．findingthebestlocationofconductingspacemissions2．WhichofthefollowingisNOTareasonwhythesettlementofMarsisdifficult?A．ItisverychallengingtosurviveonMars.B．ThejourneytoMarsmightbequitelongandrisky.C．TherehasbeennogreatprogressinstudyingMarsyet.D．Humanshaven'tfullyunderstoodhowtheymightliveonMars.3．Inwhichmagazinewouldyoumostlikelyreadthistext?A．TheTraveller B．AllAboutSpaceC．BiologyforFun D．EnvironmentalConcernsB（2022·江蘇如東·高二期末）Inthewavesofhumanexplorationintospace,ourbraveChinesepeoplehaveneverstoppedthepaceofadvancing.Injusthalfacentury,Chinahasmaderemarkablespaceexplorationsuccess.Afterlandingprobes(探測器)onthelunarandMartiansurfaces,Chinahasbeguntosetitsexploratorysightsonthecoreofoursolarsystem—thesun.NamedXiheafterthesungoddessinancientChinesemythology,the500-kilogramChineseH-AlphaSolarExplorersatellitewaslaunchedonOct.14fromtheTaiyuanSatelliteLaunchCenterinShanxiprovince.ThespacecraftisChina’sfirstspace-basedsolartelescopeandisdesignedtoworkforatleastthreeyears,WangWei,projectmanagerofthesatellite,toldChinaDaily.TheH-alphabandisoneofthebestspectral(光譜的)linestostudysolaractivity,accordingtotheGlobalTimes.“Theinstrumentisabletoobserveandrecordchangesinthesun’sphysicalelementslikeitstemperatureandspeed,facilitatingscientists’studiesaboutthedynamicsandphysicsduringasolareruption,”WangtoldChinaDaily.SeveralChinesesatellites,suchastheFengyun3Emeteorologicalsatellite,havecarriedequipmentthatcancollectsolardata,butXiheisthefirstoneintendedforsolarobservation.“SincesolaractivityhasmanyeffectsonlifeonEarth,itisimportantformankindtostudythesun,”ZhaoJian,aseniorofficialattheChinaNationalSpaceAdministration,toldChinaDaily.Sincethe1960s,NASAhassentdozensofsolarorbiterstocirclethesun,andin2004,theGenesisspacecraftreturnedasampleofsolarwind.ThemostrecentlylaunchedsolarmissionwasParkerSolarProbein2018.EuropeandJapanalsohavesolarmissions,accordingtotheSouthChinaMorningPost.“OurcountryisrankedNo.2intheworldintermsofpublishedresearchpapersonsolarobservations,butallofthesatellite-generateddatausedbyourscientistsarefromforeignspacecraft,”ZhaotoldChinaDaily.“Xihewillputanendtothedependenceonforeignsatellites,andwewillshareitsproductswithresearchersaroundtheworld.”4．WhatdoweknowaboutXihe?A．Itisexpectedtoworkforfiveyears.B．Itisahalf-tonscientificresearchsatellite.C．ItisnamedafteranancientChinesescientist.D．Itistheworld’sfirstsolarobservationsatellite.5．WhatisthemaintaskofXiheaccordingtothetext?A．Toobserveothersatellitesaroundthesun.B．Toadjustthetemperatureandspeedofthesun.C．TostudyhowsolaractivityaffectslifeonEarth.D．Tomonitorchangesinthesun’sphysicalelements.6．Whyisitessentialtodoresearchonthesun?A．Ithelpsscientistslearnmoreaboutsolarhistory.B．Solareruptionsmaybringhumanbeingsdisasters.C．Ourrelianceonforeignsatelliteswillcometoanend.D．CreaturesonEartharegreatlyaffectedbysolaractivity.7．Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?A．TheadvantagesoftheXihesatellite.B．ThesignificanceoftheXihemission.C．ThehistoryofChina’sspaceexploration.D．Thewayssatellite-generateddataarecollected.C（2022·浙江慈溪·高二期末）AdemonstrationmissiontotestanideaofcleaningupspacejunkwaslaunchedthismorninginKazakhstan.KnownasELSA-D,themissionwillexhibittechnologythatcanhelpdealwithspacejunk.ThespacecraftworksbyattemptingtoattachitselftodeadsatellitesandpushingthemtowardtheEarthtoburnupintheatmosphere.ELSA-D,whichstandsforEnd-of-lifeServicesbyAstroscale,willbecarriedoutbya“servicerspacecraft”anda“clientsatellite”thatarelaunchedtogether,accordingtoAstroscale,spacecraftwillreleaseandtrytomeetwiththeclientsatellite,whichwillactasapieceofspacejunk.Themissionwillcarryoutthiscatch-and-releaseprocessrepeatedlyoverthecourseofsixmonths.Thegoalistoprovetheservicer’sabilitytotrackdownanddockwithitstargetinvaryinglevelsofcomplexity.However,thespacecraftisnotdesignedtodealwithdeadsatellitesalreadyinorbit,butratherfuturesatellitesthatwouldbelaunchedwithdockingplatesonthem.Spacejunkhasbeenagrowingproblemforyears.AccordingtoarecentreportbyNASA,atleast26,000ofthemillionsofpiecesofspacejunkarethesizeofasoftball.Orbitingalongat17,500mph,theycoulddestroyasatellite.Andthemostcommonspacejunk,morethan100millionpieces,isthesizeofagrainofsaltandcouldmakeholesinaspacesuit,amplifyingrisktospacecraftandcrew.Thedevelopmentofothercleanuptechnologieshasbeenunderwayforyears.In2016,Japan’sspaceagencysenta700-meterchainintospacetotrytoslowdownandredirectspacejunk.In2018,adevicecalledRemoveDebrissuccessfullycastanetaroundalargepieceofspacejunk.TheseeffortscouldproveincreasinglyimportantasprivatespaceprojectslikeSpaceXcontinuetofilllowEarthorbitinamessyway.8．Howwilltheservicerspacecraftfunction?A．Bybreakingspacejunkintopieces.B．BypushingspacejunktowardstheEarth.C．Byaddingdockingplatestoclientsatellites.D．BydrawingdeadsatellitesawayfromtheEarth.9．Whatkindofspacejunkwilltheservicermainlydealwith?A．Deadsatellitesinorbit.B．Largepiecesofspacejunk.C．Satellitestobelaunchedwithdockingplates.D．Spacejunkaroundworkingsatellitesinamessyway.10．Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“amplifying”inParagraph4?A．increasing B．removingC．examining D．transporting11．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Spaceresearchisbecomingimportant.B．Thefunctionofartificialsatellitesisvarious.C．It’snecessarytoconducttheclear-upmission.D．SpaceXplaysanimportantroleinsendingsatellites.D（2021·廣東汕尾·高二期末）NASAhasflownanaircraftonanotherplanetforthefirsttime.OnMonday,April19,Ingenuity,a1.8-kilogramdrone(無人機)helicopter,tookofffromthesurfaceofMars,flewupaboutthreemeters,thenhoveredfor40secondsandtookphotosabovewithoneofitstwocameras.ThehistoricmomentwaslivestreamedonYouTube.“Wecannowsaythathumanbeingshaveflownadronehelicopteronanotherplanet,”saidMiMiAung,theIngenuityMarsHelicopterprojectmanageratNASA'sJetPropulsionLaboratory,atapressconference.“We,together,flewatMars,andwe,together,nowhaveourWrightbrothersmoment,”sheadded,referringtothefirstpoweredairplaneflightonEarthin1903.Thedetails:Theflightwasasignificanttechnicalchallenge,thankstoMars'sbone-chillingtemperatures(nightscandropdownto-130°F/-90°C)anditsincrediblythinatmosphere—just1%thedensityofEarth's.ThatmeantIngenuityhadtobelight,withrotorblades(螺旋槳)thatwerebiggerandfasterthanwouldbeneededtoachieveliftoffonEarth(althoughthegravityonMars,whichisonlyaboutone-thirdofEarth's,workedinitsfavor).TheflighthadoriginallybeenscheduledtotakeplaceonApril11butwasdelayedbysoftwareissues.Whyit'ssignificant:BeyondbeingasignificantmilestoneforMarsexploration,theflightwillalsopavethewayforengineerstothinkaboutnewwaystoexploreotherplanets.Futuredronehelicopterscouldhelpastronautsbyscopingoutlocations,exploringinaccessibleareas,andcapturingimages.IngenuitywillalsohelpinformthedesignofDragonfly,acar-sizedronethatNASAisplanningtosendtoSaturn'smoonTitanin2027.What'snext:Inthenextfewweeks,Ingenuitywillconductfourmoreflights,eachlastingupto90seconds.EachoneisdesignedtofurtherpushthelimitsofIngenuity'scapabilities.Ingenuityisonlydesignedtolastfor30Martiandays,andisexpectedtostopfunctioningaroundMay4.ItsfinalrestingplacewillbeintheJezeroCraterasNASAmovesontothemainfocusofitsmission:GettingthePerseverancerover(毅力號火星探測器)tostudyMarsforevidenceoflife.12．WhydoesMiMiAungmentionWrightbrothers?A．TohonorthehistoriccontributionofWrightbrothers.B．TomakeacomparisonbetweenWrightbrothersandherself.C．TohighlighttheimportanceofIngenuity'sMartianexploration.D．ToremindthepublicofthefirstpoweredairplaneflightonEarth.13．WhatcausedchallengesforIngenuitydesigners?A．Thedelayofsoftwaretests.B．TheforceofgravityonMars.C．Mars'stemperaturesandatmosphere.D．TechnicaldifficultyinliftoffonEarth.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“milestone”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Agreatvictory. B．Adifficulttask.C．Aroadsidestone. D．Ahistoricevent.15．Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．MarsDroneHelicopterMakesHistoricFirstFlightB．ModernWrightBrothersMoment:MarsExplorationC．FirstDroneHelicopterSpotsEvidenceofLifeonMarsD．Ingenuity:MarsDroneFliestoTakeIncrediblePictures第二節(jié)(共5小題:每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。（2020·全國·高二課時練習）A24-year-oldfemalespacecommander(指揮員)ZhouChengyuhasbeenaheatedtopiconWeibosinceChinesestatemediahighlightedherasoneofthewomeninvolvedinthesuccessfullaunchoftheChang'e-5lunarprobe(月球探測器)on23November.Socialmediausershavebeenreferringtoherasa"sourceofpride"forthecountry.____16____Severalpeoplejokinglyreflectedontheirownachievements,commentinghowfarbehindinlifetheywereincomparison.Startingin2004,theChang'eProgrammeconsistsofthreestagesof"orbiting","landing"and"returning".__17__InDecember2013,thegoalofChina'sfirstsoftlandingonthelunarsurfaceandgroundexplorationontheMoonwasachievedbythelanderandYutuLunarRoverofChang'e-3.Lastyear,Chang'e-4probemadethefirst-eversoftlandingonthefarsideofthemoon.TheChang'e-5missionisChina'sthirdsuccessfulMoonlandinginsevenyears.___18___Ifsuccessful,ChinawouldbethethirdcountrytobringlunarsamplesbacktoEarthaftertheUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnion.MostChineseknowthestoryofthemythologicalChang'e,theChinesegoddessofthemoon.Peoplecan'theartheword"Chang'e"withoutpicturingromanticimagesofamoongoddess.___19___AndsopicturesofZhouChengyuhavebeenalloverstatemedia,withcommentsabouthowsheisa"front-linesoldierinthefieldofaerospace"anda"bigsister"thatyoungChinesecanlookupto.However,thehugeamountofinterestintheGuizhouProvincenativehasnotappearedtohavehadmuchofaneffectonher.____20____A．Herstoryinparticularhasinspiredthepublic,consideringheryoungage.B．Sherefusedrepeatedrequestsforinterviewsinordertofocusonherwork.C．However,Chinahasbeentryingtohighlightstrongfemalefiguresinthecountry.D．Despiteheryoungage,ZhouisnowworkingatWenchangSpacecraftLaunchSite.E．Itsaimistogatherlunarrocksandsoiltohelpscientistslearnmoreaboutthemoon.F．Forthisreason,China'smissiontothemoonwascallingoutforastrongfemalefigure(女性形象).G．Chinacompletedthe"orbiting"phasebylaunchingChang'e-1andChang'e-2lunarprobesin2007and2010.第二部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題:每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。（2021·湖北宜昌·高二期中）WhenNASAastronautsBobBehnkenandDougHurleytookofffromtheKennedySpaceCenterinFloridaonSaturday,theymarkedthefirstsuccessfulrocketlaunch（發(fā)射）offAmericansoilinnineyears.However,itwasalsoafirstintheirclose____21____whichhasdevelopedovertheir20-yearworkatNASA．“Beingluckyenoughto____22____withyourbestfriendissomeastronauts’wishandwe’reluckyenough,”explained53-year-oldHurley.Thetwoastronautshad____23____themission（使命）,whichsawthem____24____landontheInternationalSpaceStation,overatwo-yearperiod.Whiletheywerefriendsbefore,inthistimetheycouldreallyseeeachother’sweaknessesand____25____.Andthey’re____26____thattheexperiencemadethemeven____27____together.SowhentheyclimbedintotheirspacesuitsandtheSpaceXCrewDragonspacecraft,thetwomenwere____28____notonlyintheirtechnicalskills,butin____29____thatthey’dhaveeachother’sbacks.Theircloserelationshiphasdevelopedpartlyfromshared_____30_____experiences.Theyboth_____31_____womenwhoplayedrolesinspacemissions.Andthe_____32_____offatherhoodisveryimportantforbothmen:Behnkenhasasix-year-oldson,Theodore,andHurleyhasa10-year-oldson,Jack.Withthetwoastronautslivingtheir_____33_____ofheadingintospaceasbestfriends,themissionwillhopefullyendwiththetwoofthemlandingsafelyintothecoolwatersoftheAtlantic.Afterthey_____34_____theirwork,theycansharethe_____35_____withtheirfamiliestogetheroncethey’rebackonEarth.21．A．idea B．birth C．fight D．friendship22．A．survive B．a(chǎn)rgue C．fly D．teach23．A．thoughtof B．preparedfor C．cutdown D．madeup24．A．successfully B．frequently C．violently D．casually25．A．changes B．memories C．strengths D．a(chǎn)ppearances26．A．terrified B．guilty C．a(chǎn)nxious D．grateful27．A．faster B．closer C．taller D．smarter28．A．comfortable B．worried C．sad D．puzzled29．A．pretending B．wishing C．forgetting D．knowing30．A．learning B．travel C．family D．work31．A．saved B．married C．forgave D．a(chǎn)dmired32．A．question B．harm C．record D．role33．A．secret B．hobby C．habit D．dream34．A．finish B．combine C．plan D．seek35．A．expression B．experience C．scene D．manner第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。（2021·上海普陀·一模）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。BillionairesRacetoSpaceInlateJuly2021,JeffBezosachievedanout-of-this-worldambition.ThebillionairefounderofAmazon____36____(fly)totheedgeofspace—62miles(100kilometers)aboveEarth’ssurface—onarocketdesignedbyhiscompanyBlueOrigin.“Bestdayever,”BezossaidovertheradiotomissioncontrolafterlandingsafelybackonEarth,____37____othersweren’tsoimpressed.Theycalledthemissionanenormouswasteofmoney.Bezos,theyargued,____38____bespendinghisbillionstoimprovethingsonEarth.Bezoswasn’tthefirstbillionairetosethissightsonspace.Norwashethefirst____39____(criticize)aboutwastingenormouspersonalwealth.Aweek____40____theAmazonfoundermadehistory,businessownerRichardBransondid,too.Bransonbecamethefirstpersontoflytospaceonarockethehelpedfund,____41____(develop)byhiscompanyVirginGalactic.Criticssaythatthemoney____42____(go)towardcommercialspacetravelwouldbebetterspenton____43____theyseeasmoreimportantpursuits.Theseincludeworkingtocurediseases,reducingpoverty,andhelpingtosolvetheclimatecrisis.Besides,launchingspacecraftsisharmfultotheplanet,criticsdeclare.____44____naturalistHollyHaworthpointedoutinSierramagazine,“travelinginrocketsisarguablythemostcarbon-emittingthinganindividualcando.”Butsupportersofcommercialspacetravelarguethatitdoesbenefithumanity.Personalfunds_____45_____(put)towardhigh-payingjobsandanewindustry.That’smoneytheycouldhavespentonnewlimousinesorvillasforthemselves,supporterssay.Plus,theircompaniesareinvestinginnewtechnologiesthatincreaseaccesstospaceanddriveinnovationinotherareasaswell.第三部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）應用文寫作（滿分15分)（2022·江西贛州·高三期末）假定你是李華。為了讓同學們更好地了解我國航天發(fā)展的歷史、學習中國航天精神，上周六你校學生會舉辦了第一屆校園航天展。請為你校英文報寫一篇英文報道，內(nèi)容包括：1.展覽的時間和地點；2.具體安排；3.你的感受。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。參考詞匯：aerospaceexhibition航天展________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二節(jié)(滿分25分)（2022·廣東陽江·高二期末）閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。InJanuary2020,mylifewasn’tjustgreat.Iwastheyoungestinmyamazinggroupofbestfriends,Ihadmanagedtosecure8spotontheswimteam.ThenwhenFebruarybegan,IhadthebestSweetSixteenagirlcouldaskfor.Shortlyaftermybirthday,myteamtraveledforweekinHawaii.Littledidweknowwewouldreturntochaosandacompletechangeofourwayoflife.ItwasMarch13andtherewastalkofschoolshuttingdownfortwoweeks.Wewereallexcited,butontopofthenewsoftheday,somestudentspulledthefirealarmandwefoundourselvesinthepouringrainonthe