高考英語一輪復習知識清單（全國版）專題21 名詞六大類15個高頻考點（清單）含答案及解析

【口袋書】專題21名詞八大類15個高頻考點（清單）原卷版名詞考點用法思維導圖P1高考名詞考點細目表P2考點清單一、名詞單數(shù)變復數(shù)的用法P2考點清單二、不可數(shù)名詞的用法P3考點清單三、抽象名詞具體化用法P4考點清單四、名詞所有格的用法P4考點清單五、動詞/形容詞變?yōu)槊~后綴P6考點清單六、名詞分類及句法功能P7分類訓練（一）單句填空（高考真題）P9分類訓練（二）單句改錯（高考真題）P10分類訓練（三）名詞單數(shù)變復數(shù)16組P10分類訓練（四）動詞或形容詞變名詞100例P11分類訓練（五）語法填空（外刊原創(chuàng)）P12名詞考點用法思維導圖名詞五年高考真題細目表卷別詞類轉換單數(shù)變復數(shù)名詞所有格2023新高考II卷arrivalinterviews2023全國甲卷warning2023全國乙卷wonders2022新高考I卷populations2022新高考II卷son's2022全國甲卷protection2022全國乙卷responsibility2021新高考1卷humans2021新高考II卷representative2021全國甲卷watchtowers2021全國乙卷developmentActivities2020全國I卷interest2020全國II卷celebration2020全國III卷curiosity2020新高考卷accuracy2019全國I卷belief2019全國III卷competition考點清單一、名詞單數(shù)變復數(shù)的用法要點精講：可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復數(shù)的場合一般情況下在詞尾直接加-smouth→mouths,house→houses以-s,-x,-ch,-sh結尾的名詞在詞尾加-esglass→glasses,match→matches以輔音字母+-y結尾的名詞變y為i再加-escountry→countries,factory→factories以元音字母+-y結尾的名詞在詞尾直接加-sholiday→holidays,monkey→monkeys以o結尾的名詞一般在詞尾加-spiano→pianos,photo→photos有些在詞尾加-eshero→heroes,potato→potatoes以-f,-fe結尾的名詞一般要變f或fe為v加-esself→selves,wolf→wolves少數(shù)直接加-sroof→roofs,belief→beliefs單復數(shù)同形deer,sheep,Chinese,means(方式,方法),series,species詞形變化man→men,woman→women,child→children,tooth→teeth,foot→feet,mouse→mice合成名詞的復數(shù)將主體名詞變?yōu)閺蛿?shù):passer-by→passers-by,looker-on→lookers-on無主體名詞時通常在最后一個詞后加-s:grown-up→grown-ups,stand-by→stand-bys名詞前有man/woman修飾man/woman和中心詞都要變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)形式。如:womandoctor→womendoctors,manteacher→menteachers?！炯磿r訓練】請用下列單詞的適當形式填空1.Two_________(month)ago,three_________(hero)caughtfour_________(thief).Theymadethemplantsome_________(potato)and_________(tomato)intwo_________(zoo).Theyalsomadetheir________(wife)returnthefourbig_________(box)withsomeprecious_________(photo)and_________(brush)inthem.2.On__________(teacher)Day,two_________(editor-in-chief),three________________(manteacher)andfive_________(womandoctor),togetherwiththeir_________(child),wenttothefarminthecountryside.Theretheywereluckytoseetwo_________(sheep),three_________(deer),four_________(ox),five_________(goose)andsixwhite_________(mouse)withthree_________(foot)andsix_________(tooth).3.(2023新高考II卷)Theyalsoneedtobereadytogive(interview)inEnglishwithinternationaljournalists.4.(2023北京卷)Mangrovescanhelpsoftenwavesandprotect(city)fromcoastalwinds.5.(2021新高考1卷)Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyouhowtinywe_______(human)are.考點清單二、不可數(shù)名詞的用法要點精講：不可數(shù)名詞用法常見不可數(shù)名詞有fun/furniture,luggage,information,progress,advice/air,knowledge,news,equipment,work,homework,housework。這些名詞取首字母可以妙記為flipaknew(飛來品，牛)。不可數(shù)名詞沒有復數(shù)形式，前邊也不能有不定冠詞a或an。這點在短文改錯中頻繁考查?！炯磿r訓練】單句改錯6.(2017全國Ⅱ卷)Besides,theyoftengetsomeusefulinformationsfromtheInternet.7.(2016全國II卷)Ifwegoonatripabroad,wecanbroadenourviewandgainknowledgeswecannotgetfrombooks.8.(2016四川卷)Momhasafull-timejob,soshehastodomostofthehouseworks.9.(2015全國I卷)Theairswebreatheinisgettingdirtieranddirtier.10.(2011全國I卷）Itfeltverystrangetotravelwithoutanyluggages.考點清單三、抽象名詞具體化用法①具有某種特性、狀態(tài)、情感的抽象名詞在表示具體的概念時，可以與不定冠詞連用，?？嫉挠校簡卧~抽象名詞意義具體化名詞意義success成功成功的人或事pleasure樂趣令人高興的事beauty美；美麗美麗的人或事物comfort安慰；慰藉令人感到安慰的人或事物danger危險危險的人或因素delight高興令人高興的事failure失敗失敗的人或事物surprise驚奇令人驚奇的事情shock震驚令人震驚的事情pride驕傲令人驕傲的事情Yourcontributionwillcertainlymaketheeventahugesuccess.你的貢獻一定會使這個事件很成功。②物質名詞具體化drink飲料→twodrinks兩杯飲料coffee咖啡→acoffee一杯咖啡chalk粉筆→achalk一支粉筆hair頭發(fā)→ahair一根頭發(fā)③抽象名詞與a(an)連用，淡化了抽象概念，轉化為似乎可以體驗到的動作、行為或類別。例如：Beingabletoaffordadrinkwouldbeacomfortinthosetoughtimes.在那些艱難的時期，能夠買得起一杯酒會是一件欣慰的事?！炯磿r訓練】在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~。11.--Howabout________Christmaseveningparty?---Ishouldsayitwas______success.12.---Iamsosorrytohavecomelateforthemeeting.---Itisnotyourfault.Withrush-hourtrafficandheavyrain,itisnowonderyouwerelate.13.Myneighboraskedmetogofor______walk,butIdon’tthinkI’vegot______energy.14.Hemissedgoldinthehighjump,butwillgetsecondchanceinthelongjump.15.Beingabletoafford_______drinkwouldbe______comfortinthosetoughtimes.考點清單四、名詞所有格的用法要點精講1：名詞所有格：表示人或有生命的名詞常在詞尾加's或’。①表示兩者各自所有關系時，分別在每個名詞的詞尾加’s；表示兩者共有，在最后名詞詞尾加’s。如：mysister'stelephone姐姐的電話Jones’room瓊斯的房間Nurses’Day護士節(jié)Women’sday婦女節(jié)。②表示店鋪、辦公室或某人家時，名詞所有格后被修飾的名詞一般省略。如：atthebarber's在理發(fā)店atmyuncle's在我叔家HaveyouevermetTom'sandJim'sfathersbefore?湯姆父親和吉姆父親③若一樣東西為兩人所有，只在后一個名詞后加’s。ThisisTomandJim'sfather湯姆和吉姆的父親。2.of所有格無生命的名詞常用of所有格表示所有關系；名詞短語或定語修飾的有生命的名詞用of所有格。thewindowoftheroom房間的窗戶3.雙重所有格指＂名詞＋of＋名詞所有格＂或＂名詞＋of＋名詞性物主代詞＂。aplayofShakespeare’s(莎士比亞的一個戲劇)afriendofmine(我的一個朋友)主要用于表示有生命的人或物的所有關系。(1)一般是名詞詞尾加-'s。如:John'shome約翰的家;(2)以-s或-es結尾的復數(shù)名詞,只在詞尾加-'。如:students'textbooks學生們的課本;(3)詞尾不帶-(e)s的復數(shù)名詞,仍加-'s。如:children'sgame孩子們的游戲。表示無生命的事物的名詞通常用of所有格表示所有關系;名詞短語或有定語修飾的有生命的名詞也常用of所有格。如:thetitleofthearticle文章的標題;thenameofthegirloverthere那邊那位女孩的名字。雙重所有格的構成為:“名詞+of+-'s所有格”或“名詞+of+名詞性物主代詞”。表示“其中之一”或“其中一部分”,名詞前可用a,any,some,afew,two,this,that,these,those等修飾,但不能用the。如:apictureofmymother's我母親(擁有)的一張照片;thislittlecatofyoursister's你妹妹的這只小貓?！炯磿r訓練】請用下列單詞的適當形式填空16.（2022新高考II卷）Hesavedmy_________(son)life,"saidMrs.Brown.17.（2022浙江1月卷）Itiscalculatedbydividinga_____________(person)weightinkgbytheirheightinmeterssquared,andaBMIofbetween19and25isconsideredhealthy.18.---

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The

____________(Palmer).19.The____________(girl)shoeswerecoveredwithmud,soIaskedthemtotakethemoffbeforetheygotinto____________(Tom)car.20.Owningalovable,cuddlypetcanunquestionablymakeone’shomelifebetterandapparently,itcanaffectpet_____________(owner)professionallivesaswell.考點清單五、動詞/形容詞變?yōu)槊~后綴要點精講1：動詞轉化為名詞的后綴后綴例詞－ion/－tion/－sion/correct→correction改正celebrate→celebration慶祝conclude→conclusion結論；結束discuss→discussion討論；論述decide→decision決定admit→admission承認；準許加入permit→permission允許，許可invite→invitation邀請explain→explanation解釋expect→expectation期望－er/－orsail→sailor海員，水手drive→driver司機；駕駛員gather→gatherer收集者，采集者teach→teacher老師announce→announcer廣播員conduct→conductor指揮；售票員－mentpunish→punishment懲罰achieve→achievement成就argue→argument辯論；論據(jù)treat→treatment對待；治療equip→equipment裝備；設備govern→government政府a(chǎn)stonish→astonishment驚奇－ance/－enceappear→appearance出現(xiàn)；外貌guide→guidance指引；指導perform→performance表演；表現(xiàn)exist→existence存在；生存prefer→preference偏愛refer→reference參考，查閱－ure/-turefail→failure失??；倒閉press→pressure壓力depart→departure離開；出發(fā)mix→mixture混合(物)－inghear→hearing聽力，聽覺begin→beginning開始build→building建筑warn→warning警告－yrecover→recovery恢復discover→discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)要點精講2：形容詞轉化為名詞的后綴后綴例詞－ageshort→shortage短缺percent→percentage百分比－cyefficient→efficiency效率fluent→fluency流利accurate→accuracy準確性private→privacy隱私－domfree→freedom自由wise→wisdom明智；智慧－encedifferent→difference差異evident→evidence證據(jù)－nessweak→weakness虛弱；弱點thick→thickness厚度kind→kindness仁慈，友好careless→carelessness粗心大意－thstrong→strength力氣；優(yōu)勢warm→warmth溫暖；熱情－y/－ty/－itysafe→safety安全disable→disability缺陷；傷殘responsible→responsibility責任honest→honesty誠實difficult→difficulty困難【即時訓練】請用下列單詞的適當形式填空21.（2023新高考II卷）SinceJune2017,rightbeforethe36(arrive)ofthetwonewpandas,MengMengandJiaoQing,IhavebeenhelpingthepandakeepersatthezootofeelmorecomfortableandconfidentspeakingEnglish.22.（2023全國甲卷）Thethemesoftraditionalfablesoftendealwithsimpletruthsabouteverydaylife.However,Cason’sthemeisamoreweighty69(warn)aboutenvironmentaldestruction.23.（2022全國甲卷）CaoandWualsocollectedgarbagealongtheroad,inordertopromoteenvironmental___________(protect).24.（2022全國乙卷）“AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDay,thebirthplaceofteaandthelargesttea-producingcountry,Chinahasa___________(responsible)toworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.25.（2021新高考II卷）Acompany________(represent)wrotebackandtoldmetheairlinewasswitchingoverfromplastictopapercupsonallofits1,200dailyflights.考點清單六、名詞分類及句法功能要點精講1：名詞分類要點精講2：名詞句法功能1.作主語Theyoungwomanplayedanimportantpartinthematter.那年輕女人在這件事上舉足輕重。HisgrandpajoinedtheRedArmyattheageoffifteen.他爺爺十五歲時參加紅軍。2.作賓語（1）作及物動詞的直接賓語Imetyourelderbrotherinthestreet。我在街上碰見你哥哥了。HaveyoufinishedthelettertoJane?你寫完給珍的信了嗎？（2）作及物動詞的間接賓語。Itoldmystudentsafunnystory.我給學生們講一個有趣的故事。Sheaskedthedoctoranotherquestion.她問了醫(yī)生另一個問題。（3）作介詞的賓語。After20years’traveling,hesettleddowninLiangxiang.二十年的流浪后,他在良鄉(xiāng)定居。Doyoustillaskyourparentsformoney?你還向爸媽要錢嗎？3.作表語It’sagoodideatoplanttreeshere.在這里栽些樹是個好主意。Sheisnowaprofessorwhileherhusbandremainsaworker.也現(xiàn)在是教授而丈夫仍是個工人。4.作賓語的補足語TheyelectedTomheadoftheworkshop.他們推選湯姆當車間的頭。（職務名詞作賓補前面不加冠詞）TheoldmancalledmyuncleXiaoLi.老人喊我叔叔小李。5.作定語（1）直接作定語,通常用單數(shù)形式。collegestudents大學生girlfriend女友vegetablegarden菜園basketballmatch籃球賽Let’sstopbythebookstoreonthewayhome.回家的路上，我們的書店停一下吧！Heboughttheshoesinthatshoeshop.這雙鞋他是在那個鞋店買的。（2）名詞所有格作定語。students’books學生用書China’scapital中國的首都theworld’spopulation世界人口（3）man，woman，gentleman作定語man，woman，gentleman作定語時可以用單數(shù)和復數(shù)兩種形式，但必須隨所修飾名詞的數(shù)而定。Hesaidthattwowomendoctorswouldcometoourvillagethenextday.他說明天有兩個女醫(yī)生到我們村子來。Therearemanymenteachersinourschool.我們學校有很多男教師。（4）某些常用復數(shù)的名詞用作定語某些常用復數(shù)的名詞，當它們用作定語時，也須用復數(shù)形式。armsproduction武器生產(chǎn)clothesshop服裝商店salesdepartment營業(yè)部agoodstrain貨車savingsbank儲蓄所foreignlanguagesdepartment外語系（5）單位名稱、報紙、廣播、電視等的標題中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)復數(shù)名詞作定語。LearningSkillscenter學習技巧交流中心TheBoysClub男孩俱樂部（6）表示類別時名詞直接作定語還是用所有格作定語一定要嚴格遵守習慣。apeasantfamily/boy(peasant習慣直接作定語)aworker’sfamily(worker習慣用所有格作定語)（7）兩種定語有時并存但意義不一樣。womendrivers女司機thewoman’sdriver這位婦女的司機girlfriend女朋友thegirl’sfriend這女孩的朋友mothertongue母語mother’stongue母親的舌頭（8）名詞作定語強調被修飾成分的內容或職能，與其同根的形容詞作定語則強調特點或屬性goldwatch金表(指手表是含金的)goldenwatch金色的表(指表是金色的，但不一定含金)6.作狀語時間名詞、數(shù)量名詞、距離名詞等有時可以作狀語。Thesoldierswalked50kilometersatanight.戰(zhàn)士們一夜行軍五十公里Yoursuitcaseweighs10kilograms.你的手提箱重10千克。【即時訓練】請用下列單詞的適當形式填空26.“Ihadtowaitforthestafftowritedownmyinformation,whichcausedmuchmore________(convenience)thanscanningcodes.”27..Ihavetomakea__________(complain)aboutthepoorqualityoffoodandserviceinyourrestaurant.28.Theoldmanwhohadacaraccidentlastweekmadeafull_________(recover)fromtheoperationinhospital.29.Evenathirty-minuterunwillprovide________(relieve)fromachesortension.30.Shewasunabletogivethepolicea__________(describe)oftheattackerbecauseshehadnomemoryofwhathadhappenedtoher.分類訓練（一）單句填空（高考真題）【即時訓練】在空白處填1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正確形式。1.（2023浙江1月卷）ThankstoBeijing’slonghistoryascapitalofChina,almosteveryhutonghasitsstories,andsomeareevenassociatedwithhistoric(event).2.（2022新高考I卷）TheGPNP’smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparate_____________(population)andhomesofgiantpandas,andeventuallyachieveadesiredlevelofpopulationinthewild.3.（2022浙江1月卷）Cobb,forherparty,startedtoaskconferenceorganizerswhoinvitedhertospeakifshecoulddosoremotely;aboutthree-quartersofthetime,theyagreed.Whentheanswerwasno,shedeclinedthe_____________(invite).4.(2021全國甲卷)Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours,butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesand________(watchtower)totakepicturesorjusttowatchthelocalpeoplegoingabouttheirdailyroutines.5.(2021全國乙卷)________(activity)thererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(遠足)andaccommodationsaimtohavealowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.6.(2021全國乙卷)Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobecomeeducatedabouttheareas,…andoftenprovidesmoneyforconservationandbenefitsthe__________(develop)ofthelocalareas.7.(2021浙江6月卷)In1844theyboughtitfor$1,200andsomelandfromCharlesDresser,whoperformedtheir________(marry)ceremonyin1842.8.(2020全國I卷)Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular________(interesting)toscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(環(huán)形山),moresothanthefamiliarnearside.9.(2020全國II卷)ChineseNewYearisa__________(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.10.(2020全國III卷)Filledwith_______(curious),theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.11.(2019全國I卷)InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavuthavereportedincreasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa_______(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.12.(2019全國Ⅲ卷)Whentheywerefreefromwork,theyinvitedustolocaleventsandletusknowofaninteresting____________(compete)towatch,togetherwiththestorybehindit.13.(2017全國Ⅰ卷)Thistrendhashadsomeunintendedside_______(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease.14.(2017全國Ⅱ卷)Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible________(crowd)ontheroads.15.(2017全國Ⅱ卷)Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe_________(introduce)ofelectric-poweredenginesandlifts.分類訓練（二）單句改錯（高考真題）【即時訓練】下列各句均有一處錯誤，請指出并糾正。16.(2023全國甲卷)Thebees,butterflyandmanyotherinsectslookedlovelyandbeautifulonthestamps.17.(2022全國乙卷)Ourcitieswillbebetterplacesifwereplacecarswithbicycle.18.(2021全國甲卷)Manystudentssaytheywilltalktotheirfriendorclassmatesbecausethey’reofthesameageandcanunderstandeachother.19.(2021全國乙卷)Ialwaysassistmyparentsindoingthedishaftermeals.20.(2020全國I卷)NextIbroketheeggsintoabowlandbeatthemquicklywithchopstick.

21.(2020全國II卷)Luckily,Iwillgohomeintwoweeksforsummervacations.22.(2019全國Ⅱ卷)SinceIwasakid,I’veconsidereddifferentjobIwouldliketodo.23.(2019全國Ⅲ卷)Iwishtohaveachainofcafesinmanydifferentcity.24.(2018全國Ⅰ卷)LastwinterwhenIwentthereagain,theyhadabigseparatehousetoraisedozensofchicken.25.(2018全國II卷)WhenIwaslittle,Friday’snightwasourfamilygamenight.分類訓練（三）名詞單數(shù)變復數(shù)16組1.glass bus box church brush2.breath path ox mouth stomach3.family factory city country baby4.valley chimney monkey holiday boy5.potato tomato hero Negro volcano6.kilo piano photo radio kangaroo7.knife leaf wolf life thief8.gulf roof belief proof chef9.tooth goose mouse10.child man woman policeman Frenchman11.Roman German human12.phenomenon quiz crisis analysis emphasis13.grown-up passer-by looker-on stand-by editor-in-chief 14.deer sheep series fish species15.works means aircraft Chinese Japanese16.boyfriend girlstudent manteacher womanscientist分類訓練（四）動詞或形容詞變名詞100例1.accept2.accommodate3.accurate4.acquaint5.admit6.abundant7.anxious8.appear9.approve10.allow11.argue 12.arrive 13.assist14.appoint15.aware16.beautiful17.bore18.pare20.plain22.consume23.conclude24.consequent25.curious26.decide27.deep28.depart29.depend30.describe31.destroy32.disturb33.diverse34.emergent35.enter36.enthusiastic37.equal38.except39.expect40.exist41.expand42.explain43.explore44.friendly45.fluent46.fly47.found48.frequent49.generous50.grow 51.honest52.ignore53.improve54.injure55.roduce57.invite58.just59.laugh60.long61.lose62.major63.mix64.modest65.necessary66.occupy67.operate 68.participate69.permit70.physics 71.piano72.poor73.possible74.prefer75.prepare 76.nounce 79.publish80.qualify81.real82.recognize83.recover84.refuse85.relax86.relieve87.resist88.respond89.responsible90.secure91.significant92.similar93.starve94.strong95.survive96.true 97.vary98.warm99.wise 100.young分類訓練（五）語法填空（外刊原創(chuàng)）成都獨特文化遺產(chǎn)吸引來訪大運會運動員UniqueculturalheritagesettocaptivatevisitingathletesByHUYUYAN||Updated:2023-07-2809:35Duringthe31stFISUSummerWorldUniversityGamesinChengdu,athletesandguestsfromallcornersoftheworldhavethechance1(immerse)themselvesinChina'srichhistoryandvibrantculture,astheyexplorethehistoricalcityofChengdu.Giantpandasareoneofthe2(well-known)symbolsofChinesecultureandarealsothecityambassadorforChengdu.TheloveofgiantpandasisfurtherdemonstratedintheJapanesemangaseriesChibiMaruko-chan,3themaincharacteroncesaid,"Itwouldbeablowtoone'sprideiftheyhaveneverseenagiantpandaintheirlifetime."Accordingtothe4(four)nationalpandasurvey,Sichuanishome51,387wildgiantpandas,6(account)for74.4percentofthetotalgiantpandapopulationinthecountry.Establishedin1987,thebasestartedwithsixsickandhungrypandasthat7(rescue)fromthewildandbeganitsscientificresearchonthebearspeciesthereafter.Ithasnowbecomeagloballeaderinthefieldofgiantpandaresearch,asiteforpubliceducation8adestinationforeducationaltourism.ThemascotoftheChengduFISUGamesisnamedRongbao,9(base)onagiantpandanamedZhimafromthebase.InpreparationfortheChengduFISUGames,productsfeaturingRongbao'simagehavegainedincreasing10(popular).

【口袋書】專題21名詞八大類15個高頻考點（清單）解析版名詞考點用法思維導圖P1高考名詞考點細目表P2考點清單一、名詞單數(shù)變復數(shù)的用法P2考點清單二、不可數(shù)名詞的用法P3考點清單三、抽象名詞具體化用法P4考點清單四、名詞所有格的用法P5考點清單五、動詞/形容詞變?yōu)槊~后綴P6考點清單六、名詞分類及句法功能P8分類訓練（一）單句填空（高考真題）P11分類訓練（二）單句改錯（高考真題）P11分類訓練（三）名詞單數(shù)變復數(shù)16組P12分類訓練（四）動詞或形容詞變名詞100例P13分類訓練（五）語法填空（外刊原創(chuàng)）P15名詞考點用法思維導圖名詞五年高考真題細目表卷別詞類轉換單數(shù)變復數(shù)名詞所有格2023新高考II卷arrivalinterviews2023全國甲卷warning2023全國乙卷wonders2022新高考I卷populations2022新高考II卷son's2022全國甲卷protection2022全國乙卷responsibility2021新高考1卷humans2021新高考II卷representative2021全國甲卷watchtowers2021全國乙卷developmentActivities2020全國I卷interest2020全國II卷celebration2020全國III卷curiosity2020新高考卷accuracy2019全國I卷belief2019全國III卷competition考點清單一、名詞單數(shù)變復數(shù)的用法要點精講：可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復數(shù)的場合一般情況下在詞尾直接加-smouth→mouths,house→houses以-s,-x,-ch,-sh結尾的名詞在詞尾加-esglass→glasses,match→matches以輔音字母+-y結尾的名詞變y為i再加-escountry→countries,factory→factories以元音字母+-y結尾的名詞在詞尾直接加-sholiday→holidays,monkey→monkeys以o結尾的名詞一般在詞尾加-spiano→pianos,photo→photos有些在詞尾加-eshero→heroes,potato→potatoes以-f,-fe結尾的名詞一般要變f或fe為v加-esself→selves,wolf→wolves少數(shù)直接加-sroof→roofs,belief→beliefs單復數(shù)同形deer,sheep,Chinese,means(方式,方法),series,species詞形變化man→men,woman→women,child→children,tooth→teeth,foot→feet,mouse→mice合成名詞的復數(shù)將主體名詞變?yōu)閺蛿?shù):passer-by→passers-by,looker-on→lookers-on無主體名詞時通常在最后一個詞后加-s:grown-up→grown-ups,stand-by→stand-bys名詞前有man/woman修飾man/woman和中心詞都要變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)形式。如:womandoctor→womendoctors,manteacher→menteachers?！炯磿r訓練】請用下列單詞的適當形式填空1.Two_________(month)ago,three_________(hero)caughtfour_________(thief).Theymadethemplantsome_________(potato)and_________(tomato)intwo_________(zoo).Theyalsomadetheir________(wife)returnthefourbig_________(box)withsomeprecious_________(photo)and_________(brush)inthem.2.On__________(teacher)Day,two_________(editor-in-chief),three________________(manteacher)andfive_________(womandoctor),togetherwiththeir_________(child),wenttothefarminthecountryside.Theretheywereluckytoseetwo_________(sheep),three_________(deer),four_________(ox),five_________(goose)andsixwhite_________(mouse)withthree_________(foot)andsix_________(tooth).3.(2023新高考II卷)Theyalsoneedtobereadytogive(interview)inEnglishwithinternationaljournalists.4.(2023北京卷)Mangrovescanhelpsoftenwavesandprotect(city)fromcoastalwinds.5.(2021新高考1卷)Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyouhowtinywe_______(human)are.【答案】1.months,heroes,thieves,potatoes,tomatoes,zoos;wives;boxes,photos,brushes2.Teachers’,editors-in-chief,menteachers,womendoctors,children;sheep,deer,oxen,geese,mice,feet,teeth3.interviews。句意：他們還需要準備好用英語接受國際記者的采訪。分析句子結構可知，空前是動詞，所以空處應填名詞作賓語，interview意為“采訪”為可數(shù)名詞，不止一段采訪，應用復數(shù)形式。故填interviews。4.cities。句意：紅樹林有助于軟化海浪，保護城市免受沿海風的侵襲。此處應用名詞city作賓語，為可數(shù)名詞，應用復數(shù)形式表泛指，故填cities。5.human。分析句子結構可知，空處所填詞應該作we的同位語，故應該填名詞的復數(shù)形式。故填humans。考點清單二、不可數(shù)名詞的用法要點精講：不可數(shù)名詞用法常見不可數(shù)名詞有fun/furniture,luggage,information,progress,advice/air,knowledge,news,equipment,work,homework,housework。這些名詞取首字母可以妙記為flipaknew(飛來品，牛)。不可數(shù)名詞沒有復數(shù)形式，前邊也不能有不定冠詞a或an。這點在短文改錯中頻繁考查?！炯磿r訓練】單句改錯6.(2017全國Ⅱ卷)Besides,theyoftengetsomeusefulinformationsfromtheInternet.7.(2016全國II卷)Ifwegoonatripabroad,wecanbroadenourviewandgainknowledgeswecannotgetfrombooks.8.(2016四川卷)Momhasafull-timejob,soshehastodomostofthehouseworks.9.(2015全國I卷)Theairswebreatheinisgettingdirtieranddirtier.10.(2011全國I卷）Itfeltverystrangetotravelwithoutanyluggages.【答案】6.informations改為information7.knowledges改為knowledge8.houseworks改為housework9.airs改為air10.luggages改為luggage考點清單三、抽象名詞具體化用法①具有某種特性、狀態(tài)、情感的抽象名詞在表示具體的概念時，可以與不定冠詞連用，常考的有：單詞抽象名詞意義具體化名詞意義success成功成功的人或事pleasure樂趣令人高興的事beauty美；美麗美麗的人或事物comfort安慰；慰藉令人感到安慰的人或事物danger危險危險的人或因素delight高興令人高興的事failure失敗失敗的人或事物surprise驚奇令人驚奇的事情shock震驚令人震驚的事情pride驕傲令人驕傲的事情Yourcontributionwillcertainlymaketheeventahugesuccess.你的貢獻一定會使這個事件很成功。②物質名詞具體化drink飲料→twodrinks兩杯飲料coffee咖啡→acoffee一杯咖啡chalk粉筆→achalk一支粉筆hair頭發(fā)→ahair一根頭發(fā)③抽象名詞與a(an)連用，淡化了抽象概念，轉化為似乎可以體驗到的動作、行為或類別。例如：Beingabletoaffordadrinkwouldbeacomfortinthosetoughtimes.在那些艱難的時期，能夠買得起一杯酒會是一件欣慰的事?！炯磿r訓練】在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~。11.--Howabout________Christmaseveningparty?---Ishouldsayitwas______success.12.---Iamsosorrytohavecomelateforthemeeting.---Itisnotyourfault.Withrush-hourtrafficandheavyrain,itisnowonderyouwerelate.13.Myneighboraskedmetogofor______walk,butIdon’tthinkI’vegot______energy.14.Hemissedgoldinthehighjump,butwillgetsecondchanceinthelongjump.15.Beingabletoafford_______drinkwouldbe______comfortinthosetoughtimes.【答案】11.the;a12.the,the13.a;the14.the;a15.a,a考點清單四、名詞所有格的用法要點精講1：名詞所有格：表示人或有生命的名詞常在詞尾加's或’。①表示兩者各自所有關系時，分別在每個名詞的詞尾加’s；表示兩者共有，在最后名詞詞尾加’s。如：mysister'stelephone姐姐的電話Jones’room瓊斯的房間Nurses’Day護士節(jié)Women’sday婦女節(jié)。②表示店鋪、辦公室或某人家時，名詞所有格后被修飾的名詞一般省略。如：atthebarber's在理發(fā)店atmyuncle's在我叔家HaveyouevermetTom'sandJim'sfathersbefore?湯姆父親和吉姆父親③若一樣東西為兩人所有，只在后一個名詞后加’s。ThisisTomandJim'sfather湯姆和吉姆的父親。2.of所有格無生命的名詞常用of所有格表示所有關系；名詞短語或定語修飾的有生命的名詞用of所有格。thewindowoftheroom房間的窗戶3.雙重所有格指＂名詞＋of＋名詞所有格＂或＂名詞＋of＋名詞性物主代詞＂。aplayofShakespeare’s(莎士比亞的一個戲劇)afriendofmine(我的一個朋友)主要用于表示有生命的人或物的所有關系。(1)一般是名詞詞尾加-'s。如:John'shome約翰的家;(2)以-s或-es結尾的復數(shù)名詞,只在詞尾加-'。如:students'textbooks學生們的課本;(3)詞尾不帶-(e)s的復數(shù)名詞,仍加-'s。如:children'sgame孩子們的游戲。表示無生命的事物的名詞通常用of所有格表示所有關系;名詞短語或有定語修飾的有生命的名詞也常用of所有格。如:thetitleofthearticle文章的標題;thenameofthegirloverthere那邊那位女孩的名字。雙重所有格的構成為:“名詞+of+-'s所有格”或“名詞+of+名詞性物主代詞”。表示“其中之一”或“其中一部分”,名詞前可用a,any,some,afew,two,this,that,these,those等修飾,但不能用the。如:apictureofmymother's我母親(擁有)的一張照片;thislittlecatofyoursister's你妹妹的這只小貓。【即時訓練】請用下列單詞的適當形式填空16.（2022新高考II卷）Hesavedmy_________(son)life,"saidMrs.Brown.17.（2022浙江1月卷）Itiscalculatedbydividinga_____________(person)weightinkgbytheirheightinmeterssquared,andaBMIofbetween19and25isconsideredhealthy.18.---

Who

did

you

spend

last

weekend

with?---

The

____________(Palmer).19.The____________(girl)shoeswerecoveredwithmud,soIaskedthemtotakethemoffbeforetheygotinto____________(Tom)car.20.Owningalovable,cuddlypetcanunquestionablymakeone’shomelifebetterandapparently,itcanaffectpet_____________(owner)professionallivesaswell.【答案】16.son’s17.person’s18.Palmers19.girls’,Tom’s20.owners’考點清單五、動詞/形容詞變?yōu)槊~后綴要點精講1：動詞轉化為名詞的后綴后綴例詞－ion/－tion/－sion/correct→correction改正celebrate→celebration慶祝conclude→conclusion結論；結束discuss→discussion討論；論述decide→decision決定admit→admission承認；準許加入permit→permission允許，許可invite→invitation邀請explain→explanation解釋expect→expectation期望－er/－orsail→sailor海員，水手drive→driver司機；駕駛員gather→gatherer收集者，采集者teach→teacher老師announce→announcer廣播員conduct→conductor指揮；售票員－mentpunish→punishment懲罰achieve→achievement成就argue→argument辯論；論據(jù)treat→treatment對待；治療equip→equipment裝備；設備govern→government政府a(chǎn)stonish→astonishment驚奇－ance/－enceappear→appearance出現(xiàn)；外貌guide→guidance指引；指導perform→performance表演；表現(xiàn)exist→existence存在；生存prefer→preference偏愛refer→reference參考，查閱－ure/-turefail→failure失?。坏归]press→pressure壓力depart→departure離開；出發(fā)mix→mixture混合(物)－inghear→hearing聽力，聽覺begin→beginning開始build→building建筑warn→warning警告－yrecover→recovery恢復discover→discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)要點精講2：形容詞轉化為名詞的后綴后綴例詞－ageshort→shortage短缺percent→percentage百分比－cyefficient→efficiency效率fluent→fluency流利accurate→accuracy準確性private→privacy隱私－domfree→freedom自由wise→wisdom明智；智慧－encedifferent→difference差異evident→evidence證據(jù)－nessweak→weakness虛弱；弱點thick→thickness厚度kind→kindness仁慈，友好careless→carelessness粗心大意－thstrong→strength力氣；優(yōu)勢warm→warmth溫暖；熱情－y/－ty/－itysafe→safety安全