C語言雙語教學(xué)課件c-雙語1-reface

TheCProgrammingLanguage2024/11/131E-mail:lihanjingls@Textbook&ReferencebookTheCProgrammingLanguageBrianW.Kernighan,DennisM.RitchiePrentice-HallInternational,Inc.C程序設(shè)計(jì)蘇曉紅編著電子工業(yè)出版社C程序設(shè)計(jì)譚浩強(qiáng)編著清華大學(xué)出版社2024/11/132E-mail:lihanjingls@Preface

1 Introduction2 Types,OperatorsandExpressions3 ControlFlow4 FunctionsandProgramStructure5 ArraysandPointers6 Structures7 InputandOutputContents2024/11/133E-mail:lihanjingls@Preface◆NewtermsComputerlanguageProgramProgramming

◆Programs’sConstitution

ThedescriptionofdatumThedescriptionofactions2024/11/134E-mail:lihanjingls@Preface(con)◆Whatistheprogram?datastructure+algorithm=programdatastructure+algorithm+structuredprogrammingmethod+languagetool=program◆ThreebasicstructuresSequentialConditionalLoop數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)+算法=程序數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)+算法+結(jié)構(gòu)化程序方法+語言工具=程序順序選擇循環(huán)2024/11/135E-mail:lihanjingls@introductionC’sbackgroundC語言發(fā)展歷史CharacteristicsC語言特點(diǎn)ThesimplestCprogramC程序格式和結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)HowtorunCprogramC程序上機(jī)步驟2024/11/136E-mail:lihanjingls@MachinelagAssemblelagHighlevellangOriented-procedureOriented-objectCPU指令系統(tǒng)，由0、1序列構(gòu)成的指令碼組成如：10000000加10010000減用助記符號描述的指令系統(tǒng)如ADDA,B面向機(jī)器的語言程序設(shè)計(jì)是數(shù)據(jù)被加工的過程客觀世界可以分類，對象是類的實(shí)例對象是數(shù)據(jù)和方法的封裝對象間通過發(fā)送和接受消息發(fā)生聯(lián)系程序設(shè)計(jì)關(guān)鍵是定義類，并由類派生對象>>Von.Neumamm馮.諾依曼結(jié)構(gòu)：computercalculatorcontrollermemory主機(jī)：I/Odevice：keyboard、screen等CPU1.1C’sbackground2024/11/137E-mail:lihanjingls@◆

TheplaceoftheClanguage

TruedialogueArtificialintelligence“dialogues”Commandlanguages(asinDOS)Problem-orientedlanguages(Fortran,Pascal)Machine-orientedlanguages(BCPL,B,)AssemblylanguagesHardwareC2024/11/138E-mail:lihanjingls@◆TheoriginofClanguageInthemid-1970s,UNIXspreadthroughoutBellLabs.By1980,severalCcompilerswereputforwardonthemarked.Bynow,therearemanyversionsofClanguages.2024/11/139E-mail:lihanjingls@◆Let’stracethedevelopment

Algol60(1960)CPL(1963)BCPL(1967)B(1970)C(1972)where: Belllabaim: UNIXOSdesigner: Ken.Thompson

& Dennis.M.Ritchie2024/11/1310E-mail:lihanjingls@5254565860626466687072747678808284868890929496AdaALGOL60ALGOL68PascalModula-2CPLBCPLBCC++JavaLISPPROLOGCOBOLFORTRAN77PL/1Simula67Smalltalk80BASICANSI-BASICQBASICVBFORTRAN90>2024/11/1311E-mail:lihanjingls@1.2

characteristicsLowlevellangCiseasytolearn.Cprogramsareconcise.Cprogramsarefast.Cprogramsaremodularization.Ccompilersareusuallyfastandconcise.CcompilersandCprogramsrunonallsortsofcomputersUnixhappenstobewritteninC.語言簡潔、緊湊、靈活運(yùn)算符和數(shù)據(jù)類型豐富程序設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)化、模塊化生成目標(biāo)代碼質(zhì)量高可移植性好2024/11/1312E-mail:lihanjingls@32keywords：definedandusedbyCautobreakcasecharconstcontinuedefaultdodoubleelseenumexternfloatforgotoifintlongregisterreturnshortsignedsizeofstaticstructswitchtypedefunsignedunionvoidvolatilewhile2024/11/1313E-mail:lihanjingls@9controlflows：if()~else~for()~while()~do~while()continuebreakswitchgotoreturn2024/11/1314E-mail:lihanjingls@34operators：Arithmeticoperators：+-*/%++--Relationaloperators：<<===>>=!=Logicaloperations：！&&||Bitwiseoperators：<<>>~|^&Assignmentoperators：=op=Conditionaloperators：?:comma：,Pointer：*&Sizeofbytes：sizeofTypeconversions：(類型）Structurememberoperators：.->Subscriptoperator：[]others：()-2024/11/1315E-mail:lihanjingls@CTypes數(shù)據(jù)類型基本類型Basictypes構(gòu)造類型structures指針類型pointer空類型void定義類型typedefine數(shù)值類型字符類型char枚舉類型enum整型integer浮點(diǎn)型float單精度型float雙精度型double短整型short長整型long整型int數(shù)組array結(jié)構(gòu)體structure共用體union2024/11/1316E-mail:lihanjingls@<2024/11/1317E-mail:lihanjingls@1.3ThesimplestCprogramEg1.1Hello,World!/*example1.1ThefirstCProgram*/#include<stdio.h>main(){

printf(“Hello,World!”);}注釋comment編譯預(yù)處理preprocessor函數(shù)Mainfunction語句statementTheoutput：Hello,World!2024/11/1318E-mail:lihanjingls@◆Eg1.2a+bmain(){intx,y,z;/*variablesdeclaration*/x=123;y=456;z=x+y;printf(“z=%d\n”,z);}Theoutput:z=579commentOutputthesum2024/11/1319E-mail:lihanjingls@◆Eg1.3areadoublearea(r)main()doubler;{doubler1,r2,s1,s2;{doubles;scanf(“%lf%lf”,&r1,&r2);s=3.14*r*r;s1=area(r1); s2=area(r2);returns;printf(“%lf,%lf\n”,s1,s2);}}Input:1.52.5↙output:7.065,19.626Functioncalling2024/11/1320E-mail:lihanjingls@◆Eg1.4differentofareasdoubleabs(doublex){if(x>=0)returnx;elsereturn–x;}doublepower(doublex,intn){inti=0;doublep=1;L:if(i==n)returnp;p=p*x;i=i+1;gotoL;}2024/11/1321E-mail:lihanjingls@doublearea(doubler){doubles;s=3.14*power(r,2);returns;}main(){doubler1,r2,s1,s2;scanf(“%lf%lf”,&r1,&r2);s1=area(r1);s1=area(r2);printf(“area=%lf\n”,abs(s1-s2));}2024/11/1322E-mail:lihanjingls@格式特點(diǎn)習(xí)慣用小寫字母，大小寫敏感不使用行號，無程序行概念可使用空行和空格常用鋸齒形書寫格式main(){

……………….………………

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……………….………………..}main(){

inti,j,sum;sum=0;for(i=1;i<10;i++){

for(j=1;j<10;j++){

sum+=i*j;}}

printf(“%d\n”,sum);}優(yōu)秀程序員的素質(zhì)之一:使用TAB縮進(jìn){}對齊有足夠的注釋有合適的空行summary2024/11/1323E-mail:lihanjingls@結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)函數(shù)與主函數(shù)程序由一個(gè)或多個(gè)函數(shù)組成必須有且只能有一個(gè)主函數(shù)main()程序執(zhí)行從main開始，在main中結(jié)束，其它函數(shù)通過嵌套調(diào)用得以執(zhí)行。程序語句C程序由語句組成用“;”作為語句終止符注釋/**/為注釋,不能嵌套不產(chǎn)生編譯代碼例：/*Thisisthemain

/*ofexample1.1*/*/

非法編譯預(yù)處理命令Summary(con)2024/11/1324E-mail:lihanjingls@Discussion1.1C’sbackgroundWhenwastheClanguagedeveloped?WhatistherelationshipbetweenCandUNIX?Whatarethethreecontrolstructuresforastructuredprogram?1.2TheSimplestCprogramWhatisCprogram’sconstitution?WhatisCfunction’sconstitution?Whatlibraryfunctionhaveyoulearned?Wherewerethevariablesdeclared?2024/11/1325E-mail:lihanjingls@1.3HowtorunCprogramWemustdo:

1.Editit2.Compileit3.RunitItdependsonthesystemweareusing.2024/11/1326E-mail:lihanjingls@目前流行的C語言編譯器：MSC、QuickC-------------------------------MicrosoftCo.BorlandC、TurboC-------------------------BorlandCo.WatcomC2024/11/1327E-mail:lihanjingls@file.exeEditCompileLinkExecute2024/11/1328E-mail:lihanjingls@Compile&link2024/11/1329E-mail:lihanjingls@OnUNIXOS$vihello.c$cchello.c$a.out$issystemprompt(othermaybe%)$cc-ohello.outhello.c$mva.outhello.out2024/11/1330E-mail:lihanjingls@DOS(TurboC)C\tc>tcFILE(New,Load,Save,Writeto,Quit)EDITCOMPILERUN(Userscreen[ALT+F5])OPTION(Directory)2024/11/1331E-mail:lihanjingls@基本操作：F10-----調(diào)用主菜單F2------存盤F3------打開Alt+F9------CompileCtrl+F9------RunAlt+F5------UserScreen常用熱鍵文本編輯：

-------移動(dòng)光標(biāo)PgUp,PgDn------上下翻頁Ctrl+PgUp,Ctrl+PgDn------文件首尾HomeEnd

DdeleteInsert

Bkspace塊操作：Ctrl+KB-------塊開始標(biāo)記Ctrl+KK--------塊結(jié)束標(biāo)記Ctrl+KC-------塊拷貝Ctrl+KV--------塊移動(dòng)Ctrl+KY-------塊刪除Ctrl+KH--------塊隱藏程序調(diào)試：F8-----StepoverF7-------TraceintoF4-----GotoCursorCtrl+F7--------AddWatchCtrl+F8------ToggleBreakpointCtrl+F2--------ProgramReset窗口操作：F5-----窗口縮放F6-----窗口切換2024/11/1332E-mail:lihanjingls@◆

ACprogramconsistsofoneormorethanonefunctions.◆

ACfunctionconsistsoffunction

name,argumentlistandfunctionbody.◆

ACstatementmusthavea;Briefsummary2024/11/1333E-mail:lihanjingls@◆

printfandscanfarelibraryfunctions,wecanusethemdirectly.◆

Allvariablesmustbedeclared