大學(xué)生拖延行為和失敗恐懼的關(guān)系：自尊水平的中介作用和團(tuán)體干預(yù)研究的開題報告

大學(xué)生拖延行為和失敗恐懼的關(guān)系：自尊水平的中介作用和團(tuán)體干預(yù)研究的開題報告IntroductionProcrastinationisacommonphenomenonamongstudents,particularlyuniversitystudents.Itreferstodelayingorpostponingimportanttasksoractivitiestoalatertime,evenwhenoneisawareofthenegativeconsequencesofsuchdelay(Steel,2007).Procrastinationhasbeenlinkedtoseveralpsychologicalfactors,includingself-esteem,fearoffailure,andstress(Blunt&Pychyl,2005;Ferrari,Johnson,&McCown,1995).Failureavoidanceisasignificantdriverofprocrastinationamongstudents,astheytendtoputofftasksthattheybelievetheymayfailat,orthattheydonotfeelconfidentabout(Ellis&Knaus,1977).Thepresentstudyaimstoinvestigatetherelationshipbetweenprocrastination,fearoffailure,andself-esteemamonguniversitystudentsandthemediatingroleofself-esteeminthisrelationship.Additionally,thestudyaimstoexplorethepotentialofgroupinterventionsinreducingprocrastinationandfailureavoidancebehaviorsamongstudents.LiteratureReviewProcrastinationProcrastinationisdefinedasthetendencytodelayactiononataskthatneedstobeaccomplished(Steel,2007).Itisestimatedthatupto70%ofstudentsengageinprocrastination,whichcanhavenegativeconsequencesontheiracademicperformance,well-being,andmentalhealth(Milgram,Sroloff,&Rosenbaum,1988).Procrastinationisassociatedwithseveralpsychologicalfactors,includinglowself-esteem,fearoffailure,andstress(Blunt&Pychyl,2005;Ferrarietal.,1995).FearofFailureFearoffailureisacommonemotionexperiencedbymanyindividuals,particularlythoseinvolvedinacademicactivities(Ellis&Knaus,1977).Itreferstothefeelingofanxietyorworrythatariseswhenoneisfacedwithtasksthattheyperceivetobechallengingordifficult,andtheybelievethattheymaynotbeabletocompletesuccessfully.Fearoffailurehasbeenlinkedtoseveralnegativeoutcomes,includingprocrastination,loweracademicachievement,andreducedself-esteem(Conroy,Kaye,&Fifer,2007;Sanna&Chang,2002).Self-esteemSelf-esteemisdefinedasanindividual'sperceptionoftheirownworthandvalue(Baumeister,Campbell,Krueger,&Vohs,2003).Itisconsideredtobeafundamentalcomponentofmentalhealthandwell-being(Branden,1994).Lowself-esteemisassociatedwithseveralnegativeoutcomes,includingdepression,anxiety,andprocrastination(Blascovich&Tomaka,1991).GroupInterventionsGroupinterventionshavebeenproposedasapotentialtoolforreducingprocrastinationandfailureavoidancebehaviorsamongstudents.Suchinterventionsinvolvestructuredprogramsthataimtoincreaseself-esteem,reducefearoffailure,andprovideskillsandstrategiesforeffectivetimemanagementandgoalsetting(Ferrari,1991).Severalstudieshavedemonstratedtheefficacyofgroupinterventionsinreducingprocrastinationandfearoffailureamongstudents(Day,Schleicher,Maynard,&Neal,2014;Hwang&Kessler,2005).ResearchQuestionsandHypothesesThepresentstudyaimstoinvestigatethefollowingresearchquestions:1.Whatistherelationshipbetweenprocrastination,fearoffailure,andself-esteemamonguniversitystudents?2.Doesself-esteemmediatetherelationshipbetweenprocrastinationandfearoffailure?3.Cangroupinterventionsreduceprocrastinationandfailureavoidancebehaviorsamonguniversitystudents?Thehypothesesforthestudyareasfollows:1.Therewillbeasignificantnegativecorrelationbetweenself-esteemandprocrastination,andasignificantpositivecorrelationbetweenfearoffailureandprocrastination.2.Self-esteemwillmediatetherelationshipbetweenprocrastinationandfearoffailure.3.Groupinterventionswillbeeffectiveinreducingprocrastinationandfailureavoidancebehaviorsamonguniversitystudents.MethodologyParticipantsThestudywillinvolve100universitystudents,agedbetween18and25years.Participantswillberecruitedthroughpostersandemailsdistributedwithintheuniversity.Participationwillbevoluntary,andinformedconsentwillbeobtainedfromallparticipants.MeasuresThefollowingmeasureswillbeusedinthestudy:1.TheProcrastinationScale(Solomon&Rothblum,1984)willbeusedtoassessprocrastinationlevelsamongparticipants.2.TheFearofFailureScale(Conroyetal.,2007)willbeusedtoassessfearoffailurelevelsamongparticipants.3.TheRosenbergSelf-EsteemScale(Rosenberg,1965)willbeusedtoassessself-esteemlevelsamongparticipants.ProcedureParticipantswillberandomlyassignedtoeithertheinterventiongrouporthecontrolgroup.Theinterventiongroupwillreceiveagroupinterventionprogramconsistingofsixweeklysessions,whichwillfocusonincreasingself-esteem,reducingfearoffailure,andprovidingskillsandstrategiesforeffectivetimemanagementandgoalsetting.Thecontrolgroupwillnotreceiveanyintervention.Allparticipantswillcompletethethreemeasuresatthebeginningandendofthestudy.Thedatacollectedwillbeanalyzedusingcorrelationandmediationanalysistoinvestigatetherelationshipbetweenprocrastination,fearoffailure,andself-esteem,andthepotentialmediatingroleofself-esteeminthisrelationship.ExpectedResultsItisexpectedthatthestudywillfindasignificantnegativecorrelationbetweenself-esteemandprocrastination,andasignificantpositivecorrelationbetweenfearoffailureandprocrastination.Thestudyisalsoexpectedtofindthatself-esteemmediatestherelationshipbetweenprocrastinationandfearoffailure.Further,itisexpectedthatthegroupinterventionwillbeeffectiveinreducingprocrastinationandfailureavoidan