2022年考研考博-考博英語-首都師范大學考試全真模擬易錯、難點剖析AB卷(帶答案)試題號：69

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-首都師范大學考試全真模擬易錯、難點剖析AB卷（帶答案）一.綜合題(共15題)1.單選題

Somepeopleeither（

）avoidquestionsofrightandwrongorremainneutralaboutthem.

問題1選項

A.violently

B.enthusiastically

C.sincerely

D.deliberately

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞辨析。violently“激烈地，猛烈地”；enthusiastically“熱心地，滿腔熱情地”；sincerely“真誠地”；deliberately“故意地”。句意：有些人不是故意避開是非的問題就是保持中立。either…or…要么……要么……，表示并列關(guān)系，故答案D

2.單選題

Astheoldmanlaydyinghekept（

）theexperiencesofhisboyhoodinAfrica.

問題1選項

A.complainingof

B.enteringinto

C.ramblingabout

D.turningup

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。complainingof抱怨，埋怨；enteringinto進入；ramblingabout漫步，閑逛，閑聊；turningup調(diào)大音量，出現(xiàn)。句意：在老人的彌留之際，他不斷閑聊起他童年時在非洲的經(jīng)歷。C項符合句意，答案C

3.單選題

TheLondonMarathonisadifficultrace,（

）thousandsofrunnersparticipateeveryyear.

問題1選項

A.Therefore

B.Furthermore

C.Accordingly

D.Nevertheless

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞辨析。therefore“因此，所以”；furthermore“此外，而且”；accordingly“因此，于是”；nevertheless“然而”。句意：倫敦馬拉松賽是一場艱難的比賽，然而每年有數(shù)千人參加。根據(jù)前后句關(guān)系可知D項正確，答案D

4.單選題

Alargeportionofthepopulationprefersthenon-medicationorientationofpsychology.Ifpsychologistsbeganprescribingmedications,manyoftheirpatientsseekingalternativetreatmentmightturntosocialworkersorothernon-medicaltherapists.Thereislittlequestionthatpsychologists’prescriptionprivilegescouldhaveprofoundeffectsonthefuturedirectionoftheirprofession.

Inadditiontoimprovedesteem,psychologistshavearguedthatprescriptionprivilegeswillbringthemgreaterfinancialrewards.DatapresentedbytheAmericanPsychiatricAssociationrevealedthatpsychiatristsengagingsolelyinpsycho-therapeuticinterventionsearnapproximatelyone-thirdofwhatpsychiatristsdowhoevaluateandmedicatepatients.Thetemptationoffinancialrewardsmaylurepsychologiststoabandontraditionalpsychotherapeuticinterventionsinfavorofamedicalmodel.Itshouldbenoted,though,thatpsychologistsareout-producingpsychiatristsbyaboutthreefold,strongevidencethatthegeneralpublicprefersapsycho-therapeuticapproachoveramedicalone.

Somepsychologistsarguethatgainingtherighttoprescribepsychotropicmedicationwouldeliminatetheneedfortwopractitionersandalleviatetheaddedfinancialburdenplaceduponthepatients.Inthecaseofpsychologistswhosecaseloadsarehighgainingprescriptionprivilegesmayraisequestionsastowhethertheyshouldreferpatientstoanon-prescribingmentalhealthprofessionalfortherapybecausethesepsychologistsincreasinglyarefocusingonevaluationsandmedication,thuslimitingtheirtimeforpsycho-therapeuticinterventions.Psychotropicmedicationsarenotpurportedtocurementaldisordersand.inmostcases,suchdrugsareutilizedinconjunctionwiththerapyasthebestapproachtotreatingpatients.

Legalandethicalissuesassociatedwithpsychologists'prescribingprivilegeswilldependuponthelevelofpracticetheypursue.Inthepast,psychologistshadbeenrelativelyimmunefrommalpracticeliability.Allegationsthatimpropercarecausedinjuryaremoredifficulttoprovewhenpsychotherapyisthetreatmentofchoicebecausethestandardsoftenareambiguousandmentalinjuryisdifficulttoascertain.Whenpsychopharmacologyisthetreatmentofchoice,thestandardofcareisclearerandthelikelihoodofphysicalharmisgreater,therebymakingiieasierforplaintiffstoprovetheirallegations.Psychiatricmalpracticeratescurrentlyareupto24timeshigherthanpsychologicalmalpracticecoverage,dependinguponthestate.

1.TheauthormentioneddatapresentedbytheAmericanPsychiatricAssociationI(Paragraph2)inorderto（

）.

2.Itseemsthatifpsychologistsbeganprescribingmedications

（

）.

3.Malpracticeallegationswouldincreaseoncepsychologistsgainedtherighttoprescribebecause（

）.

4.Theauthorimpliesthat（

）.

問題1選項

A.pointoutthemeritofthepsychologists'prescriptionprivileges

B.citeauthoritativeevidencetogainsupportformedicaltreatment

C.showwhysomepsychologistsareinfavorofgainingtherighttoprescribe

D.indicatethedifferentsituationfortwopractitioners

問題2選項

A.theywouldhavemorepatientsandgetmorefinancialrewards

B.theywouldfindoutthebestapproachtocuringmentaldisorders

C.manyoftheirpatientswouldshouldermorefinancialburden

D.manyoftheirpatientswouldprefertraditionalpsycho-therapeuticinterventions.

問題3選項

A.medicaldrugsmightcausegreatermentalinjury

B.patientswouldbemorelikelytogetphysicalharm

C.clientswouldfinditeasiertoproveinjurycausedbyimpropercare

D.psychologistswouldnolongerbeimmunefromprosecution

問題4選項

A.thegeneralpublicshowsmorerespectforthosepsychologistswhoseldommedicatepatients

B.psychologists'prescriptionprivilegesremainadisputableissue

C.mostpsychiatristsaresatisfiedwiththeirearnings

D.psychotherapyshouldbethefirstchoicetotreatmentaldiseases

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由“Inadditiontoimprovedesteem,psychologistshavearguedthatprescriptionprivilegeswillbringthemgreaterfinancialrewards.除了提高自尊，心理學家認為，處方特權(quán)會給他們帶來更大的經(jīng)濟回報?！笨芍恍┬睦磲t(yī)生更希望獲得處方權(quán)是因為這能給他們帶來更多的錢財報酬。之后作者用數(shù)據(jù)論證該論點。答案C

第2題:細節(jié)事實題?！癐fpsychologistsbeganprescribingmedications,manyoftheirpatientsseekingalternativetreatmentmightturntosocialworkersorothernon-medicaltherapists.如果心理學家開始開藥，許多尋求替代治療的患者可能會轉(zhuǎn)向社會工作者或其他非醫(yī)療治療師。”可知D項正確。

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。從第四段“Whenpsychopharmacologyisthetreatmentofchoice,thestandardofcareisclearerandthelikelihoodofphysicalharmisgreater,therebymakingiteasierforplaintiffstoprovetheirallegations.Psychiatricmalpracticeratescurrentlyareupto24timeshigherthanpsychologicalmalpracticecoverage,dependinguponthestate.當人們選擇精神藥物學治療時，護理標準更清晰，身體傷害的可能性更大，從而使原告更容易證明他們的指控。根據(jù)各州的情況，精神科醫(yī)療事故的發(fā)生率比精神科醫(yī)療事故的覆蓋率高24倍?！笨芍斝睦韺W家獲得處方權(quán)，即成為精神藥物學家時，醫(yī)療事故的指控會增多，因為人們更容易找到由于護理不當對身體造成的傷害的控訴證據(jù)。故C項正確。

第4題:主旨大意題?？v觀全文，第一段提到了如果心理醫(yī)生獲得開處方的權(quán)利，那么將會對這種職業(yè)產(chǎn)生深遠影響，并且指出大部分人喜歡傳統(tǒng)的心理療法，而非藥物治療。第三段提到了藥物治療的好處，最后一段提到了藥物治療的弊端即造成醫(yī)療事故的控訴不斷增多。故作者認為藥物治療是存在爭議的。B項正確。ACD三項在文中都未提及。

5.單選題

Theuseofsoundiswidespreadas（

）ofanimalcommunicateon.

問題1選項

A.ameans

B.ways

C.atool

D.signals

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。ameans方法，手段；ways方法，道路，方向；atool工具；signal信號，標志。句意：聲音被廣泛地用作動物交流的手段。由is單數(shù)可直接排除B項與D項；聲音應(yīng)該是動物交流的一種手段而不是工具。答案A

6.單選題

IwasawfullytiredwhenIgothomefromwork,butahalfhournap（

）me.

問題1選項

A.revived

B.released

C.relieved

D.recovered

【答案】A

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。revive使恢復體力（或精力、活力等）；release釋放，發(fā)布；relieve緩解，減輕；recover恢復健康。句意：我下班回家的時候非常累，但睡了半小時后我又有精神了。由but可知前后句為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，前半句提到“非常疲勞”，后半句句意應(yīng)與之相反，再從“ahalfhournap”可推知睡半小時后恢復了體力。故A項正確。答案A

7.單選題

Extensivereportingontelevisionhashelpedto（

）interestinawidevarietyofsportsandactivities.

問題1選項

A.assemble

B.generate

C.yield

D.gather

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。assemble“集合”；generate“引起，產(chǎn)生”；yield“屈服”；gather“收集”。句意：電視上的廣泛報道引起了大家對各種各樣的體育活動的興趣。B項符合句意，答案B

8.單選題

Ifwecontinuetoargueoverminorpointswewon’tget（

）nearasolution.

問題1選項

A.somewhere

B.nowhere

C.anywhere

D.everywhere

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。somewhere“某個地方”；getsomewhere“有進展，有結(jié)果”；nowhere“無處；任何地方”；getnowhere“無進展；無結(jié)果”；anywhere“任何地方”；everywhere“每個地方”。句意：如果我們繼續(xù)為小事爭吵的話，我們找不到任何解決問題的方法。由前半句的假設(shè)的內(nèi)容可推知不好的結(jié)果。答案C

9.單選題

Whereassuddengreatdisastersareinstantaneous,others,suchasdroughts,are（

）.

問題1選項

A.cumulative

B.formidable

C.eternal

D.prospective

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。cumulative累積的，漸增的；formidable可怕的，強大的；eternal永恒的，不朽的；prospective預期的，未來的。句意：盡管突發(fā)的大災難是瞬間的，然而其他災難，比如干旱卻是___。由whereas表示對比關(guān)系可知此空應(yīng)選與“instantaneous即刻的，即時的”意思相反的詞，故A項“累積的”符合題意，答案A

10.單選題

Underthis（

）pressuresomeoftherocksevenbecameliquid.

問題1選項

A.intensive

B.weighty

C.intense

D.bulky

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。intensive加強的，集中的；weighty重大的，重的；bulky龐大的，笨重的；intense極度的，強烈的，劇烈的。句意：在這種高強度的壓力下，一些巖石甚至變成了液體。由“someoftherocksevenbecameliquid”可知巖石受到了極大的壓力，故答案C

11.單選題

Thisisthe（

）pianoonwhichthecomposercreatedsomeofhisgreatestworks.

問題1選項

A.actual

B.genuine

C.real

D.original

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。actual“實際存在的”；genuine“真實的”；real“真實的，實在的”；original“原創(chuàng)的，原來的”。句意：那位作曲家就是在這臺鋼琴上創(chuàng)作出了他最偉大的作品。D項符合句意，答案D

12.單選題

Thetwoscientistsworkingindependentlymadethesameinvention（

）whichmadeitdifficultforthegovernmenttodecidewhomthepatentistobegrantedto.

問題1選項

A.spontaneously

B.simultaneously

C.collaboratively

D.elaborately

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞辨析。spontaneously“自發(fā)地，不由自主地”；simultaneously“同時地”；collaboratively“合作地”；elaborately“精巧地，苦心經(jīng)營地”。句意：兩個獨立工作的科學家?guī)缀跬瑫r發(fā)明了相同的東西，這讓政府部門很難決定將專利權(quán)授予誰。由后半句句意可知只有B項符合句意，即只有這兩個獨立工作的科學家同時發(fā)明了相同的東西時，政府才會難以抉擇。答案B

13.單選題

Whenitcomestoteaching（

）,manyparentsbelievethatiftheyteachtheirchildrenandtreatthemkindly,thekidswillknowhowtobehave.

問題1選項

A.mentality

B.morality

C.complicated

D.majority

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。mentality心理，智力；morality道德，品行，美德；complicated復雜的；majority多數(shù)。句意：說到道德教育，許多家長相信如果他們溫和地教育孩子，對待孩子，孩子們就知道如何守規(guī)矩了。下文提到的內(nèi)容屬于道德品行范疇，故B項符合題意。答案B

14.單選題

The（

）inJanet'scharacterhashinderedherfromadvancementinhercareer.

問題1選項

A.weakness

B.merit

C.defect

D.shortcoming

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。weakness“弱點，嗜好”；defect“不足，缺陷”；shortcoming“缺點，短處”；merit“優(yōu)點”。句意：詹妮特的性格缺陷阻礙了她事業(yè)的進步。由hinder“阻礙”可知性格方面的不足阻礙了她的進步。只有C符合題意。答案C

15.翻譯題

Canapersonconsiderhimselfathinking,creative,responsiblecitizenandnotcareabouthistory?Cananinstitutionthatproposestofostersuchattributesdosowithoutincludinghistoryinitscurriculum?Manycollegestudentswouldanswersuchaquestionwithanimmediate"Yes!"Butthosewhoarequicktoanswerdosowithoutreflectingonwhathistorytrulyisandhowandwhyitisimportant.

Historyisboring,complainmanystudents.Unfortunately,alotofpeoplepickupabadtasteofhistoryfromtheprimaryandsecondaryschools.Toomanylower-levelhistorycourses(andcollegelevel,too)arerifewithrotememorizationofdatesandeventsdeemedimportantbytheteacherandtextbooks,coupledwithmonotonelecturesthatcouldinducecomasinhyperactivechildren.

InsteadofsimplymakingstudentsmemorizewhenPearlHarborwasattackedbyJapanese,teachersshouldconcent