GB/T 28589-2024地理信息定位服務(wù)

ICS

07.040

CCS

A75

中華人民共和國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

GB/T28589—2024/ISO19116：2019

代替GB/T28589—2012

地理信息定位服務(wù)

Geographicinformation—Positioningservices

（ISO19116:2019，IDT）

2024-09-29發(fā)布2025-04-01實(shí)施

國家市場(chǎng)監(jiān)督管理總局發(fā)布

國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化管理委員會(huì)

GB/T28589—2024/ISO19116：2019

目次

前言

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Ⅲ

引言

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Ⅳ

1

范圍

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1

2

規(guī)范性引用文件

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1

3

術(shù)語和定義

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1

4

符號(hào)、縮略語、前序版本兼容性、UML標(biāo)記和UML包

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5

4.1

符號(hào)和縮略語

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5

4.2

前序版本兼容性

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6

4.3

UML標(biāo)記

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6

4.4

UML包

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5

一致性

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7

5.1

概述

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7

5.2

一致性要求

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7

5.3

要求條款的結(jié)構(gòu)

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7

6

定位服務(wù)模型

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8

6.1

概述

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8

6.2

定位服務(wù)的靜態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)

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8

6.3

定位服務(wù)的基本信息和擴(kuò)展信息

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9

7

基本信息的定義和描述

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11

7.1

概述

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11

7.2

系統(tǒng)信息

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11

7.3

時(shí)段信息

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14

7.4

觀測(cè)信息

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15

7.5

質(zhì)量信息

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23

7.6

定位服務(wù)操作

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25

8

定位結(jié)果的可靠性

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8.1

概述

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8.2

可靠性模型

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29

9

特定技術(shù)信息

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31

9.1

概述

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31

9.2

操作條件

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31

9.3

原始測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)

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34

附錄A（規(guī)范性）一致性

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35

A.1

概述

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35

Ⅰ

GB/T28589—2024/ISO19116：2019

A.2

概念模型的一致性

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35

A.3

定位服務(wù)要求的一致性

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36

A.4

定位服務(wù)操作的一致性

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36

附錄B（資料性）定位服務(wù)的準(zhǔn)確度報(bào)告

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38

B.1

概述

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38

B.2

數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量子元素描述符的結(jié)構(gòu)

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38

B.3

推廣到數(shù)據(jù)集準(zhǔn)確度

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39

附錄C（資料性）定位服務(wù)概述

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41

C.1

概述

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41

C.2

定位服務(wù)流程

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41

附錄D（資料性）GNSS操作條件

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43

D.1

概述

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43

D.2

GNSS的操作條件

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43

D.3

GNSS的計(jì)算條件

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45

D.4

測(cè)量條件

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46

D.5

原始測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)

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47

附錄E（資料性）可靠性評(píng)價(jià)方法

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48

E.1

概述

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48

E.2

定位服務(wù)的評(píng)價(jià)方法

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48

E.3

時(shí)段相關(guān)屬性的評(píng)價(jià)方法─采集時(shí)間

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49

E.4

觀測(cè)相關(guān)屬性的評(píng)價(jià)方法

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49

E.5

質(zhì)量相關(guān)屬性的評(píng)價(jià)方法

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51

E.6

計(jì)算可靠性程度

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52

附錄F（資料性）擴(kuò)展定位服務(wù)結(jié)果的實(shí)例

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54

F.1

概述

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54

F.2

定位結(jié)果的類別

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54

附錄G（資料性）用例

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55

G.1

背景

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55

G.2

關(guān)鍵問題

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55

G.3

解決方案

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55

G.4

實(shí)例

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55

參考文獻(xiàn)

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58

Ⅱ

GB/T28589—2024/ISO19116：2019

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作導(dǎo)則第1部分：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化文件的結(jié)構(gòu)和起草規(guī)則》的規(guī)

定起草。

本文件代替GB/T28589—2012《地理信息定位服務(wù)》，與GB/T28589—2012相比，除結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)

整和編輯性改動(dòng)外，主要技術(shù)變化如下：

a）更改了UML模型（見4.3、4.4、6.2、第7章和9.2，2012年版的5.2、5.3、6.2、6.3.1、第7章和

8.2.1），兼顧了與模型相關(guān)的概念、與其他標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的一致性，以及特定技術(shù)內(nèi)容與抽象模型之間

的獨(dú)立性；

b）更改了術(shù)語條目（見第3章），與其他現(xiàn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行了統(tǒng)一，刪除了未使用的術(shù)語條目（見

2012年版的4.7、4.8、4.9、4.14、4.22和4.28）；

c）

刪除了縮略語“NADyy”的定義，增加了縮略語“URI”的定義（見4.1）；

d）增加了關(guān)于前序版本兼容性的說明（見第4章）；

e）增加了關(guān)于文件定義的一致性類別和一致性要求的說明（見第5章）；

f）在定位服務(wù)模型的基本信息中增加了觀測(cè)信息（見6.1、7.1和7.4），刪除了“PS_參照模式”

類及其UML模型（見2012年版的7.4.2.3）；

g）在定位服務(wù)模型中增加了一套方便使用的結(jié)構(gòu)（見第8章）；

h）將面向GNSS平臺(tái)的操作條件的“專門技術(shù)信息”更改為特定技術(shù)信息框架，使其支持更廣泛

的定位系統(tǒng)框架（見第9章，2012年版的第8章）。

本文件等同采用ISO

19116:2019《地理信息定位服務(wù)》。

本文件做了下列編輯性改動(dòng)：

—替換了大地高和重力高的字母符號(hào)（見3.11）；

—更改了資料性附錄。增加了“定位服務(wù)概述”（見附錄C）；增加了“GNSS操作條件”（見

附錄D）；增加了“可靠性評(píng)價(jià)方法”（見附錄E）；增加了“擴(kuò)展定位服務(wù)結(jié)果的實(shí)例”

（見附錄F）；增加了“用例”資料性附錄（見附錄G）；刪除了資料性附錄“本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中類名

的中英文對(duì)照”（見2012年版的附錄NA）。

請(qǐng)注意本文件的某些內(nèi)容可能涉及專利。本文件的發(fā)布機(jī)構(gòu)不承擔(dān)識(shí)別專利的責(zé)任。

本文件由中華人民共和國自然資源部提出。

本文件由全國地理信息標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化技術(shù)委員會(huì)（SAC/TC230）歸口。

本文件起草單位：武漢大學(xué)、國家基礎(chǔ)地理信息中心、自然資源部測(cè)繪標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化研究所、清華大學(xué)、

北京百度網(wǎng)訊科技有限公司。

本文件主要起草人：李霖、朱海紅、左辛凱、李思宇、王舒曼、黃全義、郭建坤、張瑩、劉小強(qiáng)、

尹彤、張傳明、郭際明。

本文件及其所代替文件的歷次版本發(fā)布情況為：

—

2012年首次發(fā)布為GB/T28589—2012；

—

本次為第一次修訂。

Ⅲ

GB/T28589—2024/ISO19116：2019

引言

定位服務(wù)是ISO19119定義的處理類服務(wù)之一。處理類服務(wù)包括面向計(jì)算的和面向模型域元素操作

的服務(wù)，不包括直接集成在模型域本身的服務(wù)。本文件對(duì)定位服務(wù)進(jìn)行了定義和描述。

定位服務(wù)利用多種類型的技術(shù)，為各種應(yīng)用提供位置以及與位置相關(guān)的信息，如圖1所示。雖然這

些定位技術(shù)在很多方面有所區(qū)別，但其中一些重要的信息項(xiàng)和操作是通用的，例如定位數(shù)據(jù)、觀測(cè)時(shí)間

和準(zhǔn)確度等，這些通用的信息項(xiàng)和操作被廣泛地應(yīng)用于相關(guān)領(lǐng)域。此外，還有一些僅用于特定定位技術(shù)

的信息項(xiàng)和操作，例如信號(hào)強(qiáng)度、幾何因子和原始觀測(cè)值，這些特定信息項(xiàng)可能有助于正確地使用定位

結(jié)果。因此，本文件規(guī)定了適用于各類定位服務(wù)的通用數(shù)據(jù)元和與特定定位技術(shù)相關(guān)的特定數(shù)據(jù)元。

圖1定位服務(wù)概述

現(xiàn)代電子定位技術(shù)能快速準(zhǔn)確地測(cè)量地球表面或近地空間位置的坐標(biāo)，從而使地理信息系統(tǒng)能存儲(chǔ)

和表達(dá)任意對(duì)象。然而，定位技術(shù)既沒有表達(dá)位置信息的通用結(jié)構(gòu)，也沒有表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確度和可靠性的通用

結(jié)構(gòu)。本文件規(guī)定的定位服務(wù)接口提供了多種數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)和操作，使空間定向系統(tǒng)能夠以更高的效率和互

操作性使用定位技術(shù)。

Ⅳ

GB/T28589—2024/ISO19116：2019

地理信息定位服務(wù)

1范圍

本文件規(guī)定了位置提供設(shè)備和位置使用設(shè)備之間的通信接口的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)及內(nèi)容，提供了集成多種非

特定定位技術(shù)獲取可靠位置信息的方法，描述了位置使用設(shè)備通過通信接口獲取并明確解譯位置信息的

路徑，給出了一種用以確定定位結(jié)果信息是否滿足預(yù)期用途的可靠性度量方法。

本文件適用于以位置信息為核心的多種應(yīng)用，例如測(cè)量、導(dǎo)航、智能交通系統(tǒng)（intelligenttrans?

portationsystems，ITS）和基于位置的服務(wù)（location?basedservice