第01輯期末暑假 專題03 閱讀理解說(shuō)明文（提分策略+24高考3篇+24期終20篇）（教師版） 2025屆新高三英語(yǔ)提分培優(yōu)通關(guān)練（高考真題+名校模擬）

2025屆新高三英語(yǔ)提分培優(yōu)通關(guān)練（高考真題+名校模擬）第01輯：2024年期末考試暑假專輯專題03閱讀理解說(shuō)明文（提分策略+24高考3篇+24期終20篇）解析版目錄技能專區(qū)1真題專區(qū)1模擬專區(qū)7技能專區(qū)：沖刺備考名師提醒，洞悉高考命題規(guī)律，提供高效提分干貨一、閱讀理解說(shuō)明文細(xì)節(jié)理解題注意落實(shí)“定位原文”和“同義替換”技巧。二、數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算題注重“原文定位”和“細(xì)節(jié)理解”，弄清來(lái)龍去脈再計(jì)算。三、重視說(shuō)明文“倒三角形”結(jié)構(gòu)，特別是首段和段首的獨(dú)特作用。四、標(biāo)題概括題重視三性：概括性、簡(jiǎn)潔性和新穎性；同時(shí)聯(lián)系首段和關(guān)鍵詞。五、說(shuō)明文長(zhǎng)難句較多增加了理解的難度，落實(shí)“括號(hào)法”，（從句）（非謂語(yǔ)）（介詞短語(yǔ)）（名詞短語(yǔ)）。真題專區(qū)：練真題，明方向；練技巧，提能力；練速度，提分?jǐn)?shù)！012024新高考I卷IntheracetodocumentthespeciesonEarthbeforetheygoextinct,researchersandcitizenscientistshavecollectedbillionsofrecords.Today,mostrecordsofbiodiversityareoftenintheformofphotos,videos,andotherdigitalrecords.Thoughtheyareusefulfordetectingshiftsinthenumberandvarietyofspeciesinanarea,anewStanfordstudyhasfoundthatthistypeofrecordisnotperfect.“Withtheriseoftechnologyitiseasyforpeopletomakeobservationsofdifferentspecieswiththeaidofamobileapplication,”saidBarnabasDaru,whoisleadauthorofthestudyandassistantprofessorofbiologyintheStanfordSchoolofHumanitiesandSciences.“Theseobservationsnowoutnumbertheprimarydatathatcomesfromphysicalspecimens(標(biāo)本),andsinceweareincreasinglyusingobservationaldatatoinvestigatehowspeciesarerespondingtoglobalchange,Iwantedtoknow:Aretheyusable?”Usingaglobaldatasetof1.9billionrecordsofplants,insects,birds,andanimals,Daruandhisteamtestedhowwellthesedatarepresentactualglobalbiodiversitypatterns.“Wewereparticularlyinterestedinexploringtheaspectsofsamplingthattendtobias(使有偏差)data,likethegreaterlikelihoodofacitizenscientisttotakeapictureofafloweringplantinsteadofthegrassrightnexttoit,”saidDaru.Theirstudyrevealedthatthelargenumberofobservation-onlyrecordsdidnotleadtobetterglobalcoverage.Moreover,thesedataarebiasedandfavorcertainregions,timeperiods,andspecies.Thismakessensebecausethepeoplewhogetobservationalbiodiversitydataonmobiledevicesareoftencitizenscientistsrecordingtheirencounterswithspeciesinareasnearby.Thesedataarealsobiasedtowardcertainspecieswithattractiveoreye-catchingfeatures.Whatcanwedowiththeimperfectdatasetsofbiodiversity?“Quitealot,”Daruexplained.“Biodiversityappscanuseourstudyresultstoinformusersofoversampledareasandleadthemtoplaces–andevenspecies–thatarenotwell-sampled.Toimprovethequalityofobservationaldata,biodiversityappscanalsoencourageuserstohaveanexpertconfirmtheidentificationoftheiruploadedimage.”32.Whatdoweknowabouttherecordsofspeciescollectednow?A.Theyarebecomingoutdated. B.Theyaremostlyinelectronicform.C.Theyarelimitedinnumber. D.Theyareusedforpublicexhibition.33.WhatdoesDaru’sstudyfocuson?A.Threatenedspecies. B.Physicalspecimens.C.Observationaldata. D.Mobileapplications.34.Whathasledtothebiasesaccordingtothestudy?A.Mistakesindataanalysis. B.Poorqualityofuploadedpictures.C.Improperwayofsampling. D.Unreliabledatacollectiondevices.35.WhatisDaru’ssuggestionforbiodiversityapps?A.Reviewdatafromcertainareas. B.Hireexpertstochecktherecords.C.Confirmtheidentityoftheusers. D.Giveguidancetocitizenscientists.【答案】32.B33.C34.C35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了斯坦福大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，數(shù)字生物多樣性記錄存在偏見(jiàn)，建議應(yīng)用程序引導(dǎo)公民科學(xué)家獲取更好的數(shù)據(jù)。32.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Today,mostrecordsofbiodiversityareoftenintheformofphotos,videos,andotherdigitalrecords.(今天，大多數(shù)生物多樣性的記錄通常以照片、視頻和其他數(shù)字記錄的形式出現(xiàn)。)”可知，現(xiàn)在收集的物種記錄大多是以電子形式存在的。故選B。33.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Theseobservationsnowoutnumbertheprimarydatathatcomesfromphysicalspecimens(標(biāo)本),andsinceweareincreasinglyusingobservationaldatatoinvestigatehowspeciesarerespondingtoglobalchange,Iwantedtoknow:Aretheyusable?(這些觀察結(jié)果現(xiàn)在超過(guò)了來(lái)自物理標(biāo)本的原始數(shù)據(jù)，而且由于我們?cè)絹?lái)越多地使用觀察數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)研究物種如何應(yīng)對(duì)全球變化，我想知道：它們有用嗎?)”和第四段““Wewereparticularlyinterestedinexploringtheaspectsofsamplingthattendtobias(使有偏差)data,likethegreaterlikelihoodofacitizenscientisttotakeapictureofafloweringplantinsteadofthegrassrightnexttoit,”saidDaru.(Daru說(shuō)“我們特別感興趣的是探索取樣容易產(chǎn)生數(shù)據(jù)偏差的方面，比如公民科學(xué)家更有可能拍攝開(kāi)花植物的照片，而不是它旁邊的草?！?”可知，Daru的研究聚焦于觀察數(shù)據(jù)，即人們通過(guò)移動(dòng)應(yīng)用記錄的物種觀察數(shù)據(jù)。故選C。34.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段““Wewereparticularlyinterestedinexploringtheaspectsofsamplingthattendtobias(使有偏差)data,likethegreaterlikelihoodofacitizenscientisttotakeapictureofafloweringplantinsteadofthegrassrightnexttoit,”saidDaru.(Daru說(shuō)“我們特別感興趣的是探索取樣容易產(chǎn)生數(shù)據(jù)偏差的方面，比如公民科學(xué)家更有可能拍攝開(kāi)花植物的照片，而不是它旁邊的草?！?”以及第五段“Thismakessensebecausethepeoplewhogetobservationalbiodiversitydataonmobiledevicesareoftencitizenscientistsrecordingtheirencounterswithspeciesinareasnearby.(這是有道理的，因?yàn)樵谝苿?dòng)設(shè)備上獲得觀察生物多樣性數(shù)據(jù)的人通常是公民科學(xué)家，他們記錄了他們?cè)诟浇貐^(qū)與物種的接觸。)”可知，導(dǎo)致數(shù)據(jù)偏差的原因是采樣方式的不當(dāng)。故選C。35.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Biodiversityappscanuseourstudyresultstoinformusersofoversampledareasandleadthemtoplaces—andevenspecies—thatarenotwell-sampled.Toimprovethequalityofobservationaldata,biodiversityappscanalsoencourageuserstohaveanexpertconfirmtheidentificationoftheiruploadedimage.(生物多樣性應(yīng)用程序可以使用我們的研究結(jié)果來(lái)告知用戶樣本過(guò)多的地區(qū)，并將他們引導(dǎo)到樣本不足的地方，甚至是物種。為了提高觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)的質(zhì)量，生物多樣性應(yīng)用程序還可以鼓勵(lì)用戶讓專家確認(rèn)他們上傳的圖像的身份。)”可知，Daru建議生物多樣性應(yīng)用應(yīng)該給公民科學(xué)家提供指導(dǎo)。故選D。02-2024新高考II卷Weallknowfreshisbestwhenitcomestofood.However,mostproduceatthestorewentthroughweeksoftravelandcoveredhundredsofmilesbeforereachingthetable.Whilefarmer’smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.BMFisanindoorgardensystem.Itcanbesetupforafamily.Additionally,itcouldservealargeraudiencesuchasahospital,restaurantorschool.Theinnovativedesignrequireslittleefforttoachieveareliableweeklysupplyoffreshgreens.Specifically,it’safarmthatreliesonnewtechnology.ByconnectingthroughtheCloud,BMFisremotelymonitored.Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemisautomated,itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil,thesystemprovidesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.Afterharvest,userssimplyreplacetheplantswithanewpre-seededpod(容器)togetthenextgrowthcyclestarted.Moreover,havingasysteminthesamebuildingwhereit’seatenmeanszeroemissions(排放)fromtransportingplantsfromsoiltosalad.Inaddition,there’snoneedforpesticidesandotherchemicalsthatpollutetraditionalfarmsandthesurroundingenvironment.BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,”saidaBMFemployee.28.WhatcanbelearnedaboutBMFfromparagraph1?A.Itguaranteesthevarietyoffood. B.Itrequiresday-to-daycare.C.Itcutsthefarm-to-tabledistance. D.Itreliesonfarmer’smarkets.29.Whatinformationdoestheconvenientappoffer?A.Real-timeweatherchanges. B.Currentconditionoftheplants.C.Chemicalpollutantsinthesoil. D.Availabilityofpre-seededpods.30.WhatcanbeconcludedaboutBMFemployees?A.Theyhaveagreatpassionforsports.B.Theyaredevotedtocommunityservice.C.Theyarefondofsharingdailyexperiences.DTheyhaveastrongenvironmentalawareness.31.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.BMF’smajorstrengths. B.BMF’sgeneralmanagement.C.BMF’sglobalinfluence. D.BMF’stechnicalstandards.【答案】28.C29.B30.D31.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了巴比倫微農(nóng)場(chǎng)（BMF）的一些主要優(yōu)勢(shì)，包括減少食物運(yùn)輸距離、通過(guò)云技術(shù)遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控、自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)節(jié)約水資源、減少化學(xué)污染、以及員工的環(huán)保生活方式等。28.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Whilefarmer’smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.(雖然農(nóng)貿(mào)市場(chǎng)是減少旅程的可靠選擇，但巴比倫微型農(nóng)場(chǎng)（BMF）甚至縮短了旅程)”可知，巴比倫微型農(nóng)場(chǎng)（BMF）進(jìn)一步縮短了從農(nóng)場(chǎng)到餐桌的距離。故選C。29.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.(此外，還有一個(gè)便捷的應(yīng)用程序，可以實(shí)時(shí)提供增長(zhǎng)數(shù)據(jù))”可知，這個(gè)便捷的應(yīng)用程序提供了植物生長(zhǎng)的實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)。故選B。30.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,”saidaBMFemployee.(BMF員工在日常生活中追求可持續(xù)發(fā)展。大約一半的人步行或騎自行車上班。在辦公室里，他們通過(guò)限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料來(lái)鼓勵(lì)回收和減少浪費(fèi)。BMF的一名員工表示：“我們熱衷于減少環(huán)境中的廢物、碳和化學(xué)品。”)”可知，BMF員工具有強(qiáng)烈的環(huán)保意識(shí)。故選D。31.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Whilefarmer’smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.(雖然農(nóng)貿(mào)市場(chǎng)是減少旅程的可靠選擇，但巴比倫微型農(nóng)場(chǎng)（BMF）甚至縮短了旅程)”、第三段“ByconnectingthroughtheCloud,BMFisremotelymonitored.Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemisautomated,itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil,thesystemprovidesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.(通過(guò)云連接，對(duì)BMF進(jìn)行遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控。此外，還有一個(gè)方便的應(yīng)用程序可以實(shí)時(shí)提供不斷增長(zhǎng)的數(shù)據(jù)。由于該系統(tǒng)是自動(dòng)化的，因此大大減少了種植植物所需的水量。該系統(tǒng)不是給一排排土壤澆水，而是為每株植物提供合適的水量)”以及最后一段“BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,”saidaBMFemployee.(BMF員工在日常生活中追求可持續(xù)發(fā)展。大約一半的人步行或騎自行車上班。在辦公室里，他們通過(guò)限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料來(lái)鼓勵(lì)回收和減少浪費(fèi)。BMF的一名員工表示：“我們熱衷于減少環(huán)境中的廢物、碳和化學(xué)品?！?”可知，文章主要介紹了巴比倫微農(nóng)場(chǎng)（BMF）的一些主要優(yōu)勢(shì)，包括減少食物運(yùn)輸距離、通過(guò)云技術(shù)遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控、自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)節(jié)約水資源、減少化學(xué)污染、以及員工的環(huán)保生活方式等。故選A。03-2024全國(guó)甲卷TheSaintLukastraindoesn’tacceptpassengers—itacceptsonlythesick.TheSaintLukasisoneoffivegovernment-sponsoredmedicaltrainsthattraveltoremotetownsincentralandeasternRussia.Eachstoplastsanaverageoftwodays,andduringthattimethedoctorsandnursesonboardproviderural(鄉(xiāng)村)populationswithbasicmedicalcare,X-rayscansandprescriptions.“Peoplestartedqueuingtomakeanappointmentearlyinthemorning,”saysEmileDucke,aGermanphotographerwhotraveledwiththestaffoftheSaintLukasforatwo-weektripinNovemberthroughthevastregions(區(qū)域)ofKrasnoyarskandKhakassia.Russia’spublichealthcareservicehasbeeninseriousneedofmodernization.Thegovernmenthasstruggledtocomeupwithmeasurestoaddresstheproblem,particularlyinthepoorer,ruralareaseastoftheVolgaRiver,includingarrangingdoctor’sappointmentsbyvideochatandexpandingfinancialaidprogramstomotivatedoctorstopracticemedicineinremotepartsofthecountrylikeKrasnoyarsk.TheannualarrivaloftheSaintLukasisanotherattempttoimprovethesituation.For10monthseveryyear,thetrainstopsatabouteightstationsovertwoweeks,beforereturningtotheregionalcapitaltorefuelandrestock(補(bǔ)給).Thenitstartsalloveragainthenextmonth.Moststationswaitaboutayearbetweenvisits.Doctorsseeupto150patientseveryday.Thetrain’sequipmentallowsforbasiccheckups.“Iwasveryimpressedbythedoctorsandtheirassistantsworkingandlivinginsuchlittlespacebutstillstayingfocusedandveryconcerned,”saysDucke.“Theywerethebestchanceformanyruralpeopletogetthetreatmenttheywant.”28.HowistheSaintLukasdifferentfromothertrains?A.Itrunsacrosscountries. B.Itreservesseatsfortheseniors.C.Itfunctionsasahospital. D.Ittravelsalongariver.29.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph3aboutKrasnoyarsk?A.Itisheavilypopulated. B.Itofferstrainingfordoctors.C.Itisamoderncity. D.Itneedsmedicalaid.30.HowlongcantheSaintLukasworkwithonesupply?A.Aboutayear. B.Abouttenmonths.C.Abouttwomonths. D.Abouttwoweeks.31.WhatisDucke’sattitudetowardtheSaintLukas’services?A.Appreciative. B.Doubtful C.Ambiguous. D.Cautious.【答案】28.C29.D30.D31.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述政府贊助了五輛名為圣盧卡斯的醫(yī)療列車為俄羅斯中部和東部偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)每年提供為期10個(gè)月的巡回醫(yī)療服務(wù)，為鄉(xiāng)村居民提供基本醫(yī)療檢查和治療，改善當(dāng)?shù)蒯t(yī)療條件。28.細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)文章第一段“TheSaintLukasisoneoffivegovernment-sponsoredmedicaltrainsthattraveltoremotetownsincentralandeasternRussia.Eachstoplastsanaverageoftwodays,andduringthattimethedoctorsandnursesonboardproviderural(鄉(xiāng)村)populationswithbasicmedicalcare,X-rayscansandprescriptions.(圣盧卡斯號(hào)是五列政府資助的醫(yī)療列車之一，前往俄羅斯中部和東部的偏遠(yuǎn)城鎮(zhèn)。每一站平均停留兩天，在此期間，船上的醫(yī)生和護(hù)士為農(nóng)村人口提供基本醫(yī)療服務(wù)、X光掃描和處方。)”可知，圣盧卡斯號(hào)與其他火車的不同之處在于它是政府資助的醫(yī)療火車，充當(dāng)醫(yī)院。因此選C。29.推理判斷題，第三段提到“Russia’spublichealthcareservicehasbeeninseriousneedofmodernization.Thegovernmenthasstruggledtocomeupwithmeasurestoaddresstheproblem,particularlyinthepoorer,ruralareaseastoftheVolgaRiver,includingarrangingdoctor'sappointmentsbyvideochatandexpandingfinancialaidprogramstomotivatedoctorstopracticemedicineinremotepartsofthecountrylikeKrasnoyarsk.(俄羅斯的公共衛(wèi)生保健服務(wù)迫切需要現(xiàn)代化。政府一直在努力提出解決這一問(wèn)題的措施，特別是在伏爾加河以東較貧窮的農(nóng)村地區(qū)，包括通過(guò)視頻聊天安排醫(yī)生預(yù)約，擴(kuò)大財(cái)政援助計(jì)劃，激勵(lì)醫(yī)生到克拉斯諾亞爾斯克等偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)行醫(yī)。)”可以推斷，Krasnoyarsk需要醫(yī)療援助，故選D。30.細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)第四段“For10monthseveryyear,thetrainstopsatabouteightstationsovertwoweeks,beforereturningtotheregionalcapitaltorefuelandrestock(補(bǔ)給).”(每年有10個(gè)月，火車在兩周內(nèi)?？看蠹s八個(gè)車站，然后返回地區(qū)首府進(jìn)行補(bǔ)給和重新裝貨。)”可知，圣盧卡斯號(hào)一份補(bǔ)給可以工作大約兩周，故選D。31.推斷判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的““Iwasveryimpressedbythedoctorsandtheirassistantsworkingandlivinginsuchlittlespacebutstillstayingfocusedandveryconcerned,”saysDucke.“Theywerethebestchanceformanyruralpeopletogetthetreatmenttheywant.”(“醫(yī)生和他們的助手在這么小的空間里工作和生活，但仍然保持專注和非常關(guān)注，這給我留下了深刻的印象，”Ducke說(shuō)。這是許多農(nóng)村人獲得他們想要的治療的最好機(jī)會(huì)?！?”可知，Ducke對(duì)SaintLukas的服務(wù)持贊賞的態(tài)度，故選A。模擬專區(qū)：做好題才有好成績(jī)！練技能，補(bǔ)漏洞，提分?jǐn)?shù)，強(qiáng)信心?。?3-24高二下·江蘇淮安·期末）Somepeoplepreferpaperbacksbecausethey’reeasytoborrowandshare.Otherswillgofore-readers.Butwhichisthemoreenvironmentallysustainableoption?Whetherit’sbettertoreadbooksinprintoronadeviceiscomplicated,becauseofthecomplexinteractionoftheresourcesinvolvedacrosstheentirelifecycleofapublishedwork:howbooksanddevicesareshipped,whatenergytheyusetorun,iftheycanberecycled.Ontheoneside,traditionalprintpublishingcomeswithahighcarbonfootprint.Accordingto2023data,32milliontreesarecutdowneachyeartomakepaperforbooks.Thenthere’stheenergy-intensiveprocessesofprintingandshipping—tosaynothingofthemanybooksthataredestroyedbecausetheyremainunsold.Althoughit’sstandardpracticeintheindustry,publishersdon’twanttodestroybooks.Soinstead,manyaredonatingunsoldcopies,switchingtoon-demandprinting.Publishersarealsorethinkingbookdesign,sincecertainfonts(字體)canbemoreclimate-friendlybyusinglessinkandlesspaper.Ontheotherhand,digitalreadingseemstohaveaconsiderableeco-advantageoverprintbecauseitispaperless,soitsavestreesandshipping.Moreover,techcompaniesthatmakee-readerssuchasAmazonofferrecyclingprogramsforolddevices.Butdigitaldevicesalsocomewithasubstantialcarbonfootprint,especiallyatthemanufacturingstage.Theircasesaremadewithplasticsandthemineralsintheirbatteriesrequireresource-heavymining.Figuringoutwhethertotakeadigitaldeviceorapaperbacktothebeachultimatelydependsonhowmuchyouread.“Ifyoubuyane-readerandyoureadloadsandloadsofbooksonit,thenit’sthelowestcarbonthingtodo,”saidMikeBerners-Lee,theauthorofTheCarbonFootprintofEverything.“ButifIbuyit,readacoupleofbooks,anddecidethatIpreferpaperbackbooks,thenit’stheworstofallworlds.”YetBerners-Leesaidthatreadingisstill,relativelyspeaking,aprettysustainableactivity——regardlessofwhetheryoureadusingane-reader,phoneorold-fashionedpaperback.1．Whyisithardtotellifprintordigitalbooksaremoreeco-friendly?A．Thewholeprocessesforbothinvolvemanyresources.B．Theoptiondependsonthereader’spersonalpreferences.C．Recyclingprogramsarenotequallyeffectiveforbothtypes.D．Theenvironmentalimpactofreadinghabitsisoftenoverlooked.2．Whatarebookpublishersdoingtoreducetheenvironmentalimpact?A．Cuttingdownfewertrees.B．Destroyingtheunsoldbooks.C．Employingeco-friendlypractices.D．Focusingonthesalesofdigitalbooks.3．AccordingtoBerners-Lee,ane-readerismoresustainablethanpaperbackswhen.A．a(chǎn)ne-readerissharedbymanypeopleB．youchargeitusingrenewableenergyC．a(chǎn)ne-readerisrecycledafterbeingusedD．youreadahighvolumeofbooksdigitally4．Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A．Printbooksvs.e-readers:whichisyourfavorite?B．Paperbooksvs.e-readers:whichisbetterfortheclimate?C．Choosedigitalreading,foritreducesmorecarbonfootprintD．Keepthebalanceofconvenienceandsustainabilityinreading【答案】1．A2．C3．D4．B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】文章的體裁為說(shuō)明文，通過(guò)對(duì)紙質(zhì)書(shū)和電子書(shū)對(duì)環(huán)境影響的比較，介紹了它們各自的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)以及相關(guān)行業(yè)和個(gè)人在減少環(huán)境影響方面所采取的措施。1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一第二段“Somepeoplepreferpaperbacksbecausethey’reeasytoborrowandshare.Otherswillgofore-readers.Butwhichisthemoreenvironmentallysustainableoption?Whetherit’sbettertoreadbooksinprintoronadeviceiscomplicated,becauseofthecomplexinteractionoftheresourcesinvolvedacrosstheentirelifecycleofapublishedwork:howbooksanddevicesareshipped,whatenergytheyusetorun,iftheycanberecycled.(有些人喜歡平裝書(shū)，因?yàn)樗鼈內(nèi)菀捉栝喓头窒?。另一些人?huì)選擇電子閱讀器。但哪種選項(xiàng)在環(huán)保方面更可持續(xù)？究竟是在紙質(zhì)書(shū)上閱讀還是在設(shè)備上閱讀更好，這是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的問(wèn)題，因?yàn)樯婕暗秸麄€(gè)出版作品生命周期中涉及的資源的復(fù)雜互動(dòng)：書(shū)籍和設(shè)備是如何運(yùn)輸?shù)模\(yùn)行所需的能源是多少，它們是否可以回收利用)”可知，打印書(shū)籍和數(shù)字書(shū)籍都涉及許多資源，包括制作、印刷、運(yùn)輸?shù)拳h(huán)節(jié)，因此確定哪種更環(huán)保較為困難。故選A項(xiàng)。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Althoughit’sstandardpracticeintheindustry,publishersdon’twanttodestroybooks.Soinstead,manyaredonatingunsoldcopies,switchingtoon-demandprinting.Publishersarealsorethinkingbookdesign,sincecertainfonts(字體)canbemoreclimate-friendlybyusinglessinkandlesspaper.(盡管這在行業(yè)內(nèi)是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)做法，但出版商并不希望銷毀圖書(shū)。因此，很多出版商選擇將未售出的圖書(shū)捐贈(zèng)出去，并轉(zhuǎn)向按需印刷。出版商也在重新考慮圖書(shū)設(shè)計(jì)，因?yàn)槟承┳煮w可以更環(huán)保，使用更少的墨水和紙張)”可知，出版商正在采取環(huán)保實(shí)踐，包括捐出舊書(shū)、采用更環(huán)保的設(shè)計(jì)以及轉(zhuǎn)向按需印刷等方法來(lái)降低環(huán)境影響。故選C項(xiàng)。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Figuringoutwhethertotakeadigitaldeviceorapaperbacktothebeachultimatelydependsonhowmuchyouread.“Ifyoubuyane-readerandyoureadloadsandloadsofbooksonit,thenit’sthelowestcarbonthingtodo,”saidMikeBerners-Lee,theauthorofTheCarbonFootprintofEverything.(在決定是帶數(shù)字設(shè)備還是紙質(zhì)書(shū)去海灘時(shí)，最終取決于你的閱讀量?！叭绻阗?gòu)買了電子閱讀器，并且在上面讀了很多書(shū)，那么這是最低碳排放的選擇，”《一切碳足跡》的作者邁克?伯納斯-李說(shuō)道)”可知，Berners-Lee的觀點(diǎn)是如果你在電子閱讀器上閱讀大量書(shū)籍，那么電子閱讀器是更可持續(xù)的選擇。故選D項(xiàng)。4．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Somepeoplepreferpaperbacksbecausethey’reeasytoborrowandshare.Otherswillgofore-readers.Butwhichisthemoreenvironmentallysustainableoption?(有些人喜歡平裝書(shū)，因?yàn)樗鼈兎奖憬栝喓凸蚕怼Ｆ渌藭?huì)選擇電子閱讀器。但哪種選項(xiàng)更環(huán)保可持續(xù)呢)”可知，文本主要論述紙質(zhì)書(shū)與電子閱讀器對(duì)氣候影響的比較，“紙質(zhì)書(shū)與電子閱讀器：哪個(gè)對(duì)氣候更好？”這個(gè)標(biāo)題最合適。故選B項(xiàng)。（23-24高二下·浙江臺(tái)州·期末）Climatemodelscangiveusapreviewofhowhumanity’sactions—orinaction—willchangeourplanetoverthecomingdecadesandcenturies.Butbecausetheplanetissuchacomplexsystem,theyaren’tperfectclimatemodelshaveuncertaintiesthatgrowlargerastheygofartherintothefuture.Scientistsandengineersfromacrossthecountryareteaminguptobuildanewtypeofclimatemodelthatisdesignedtoprovidemorepreciseandactionablepredictions.Currentclimatemodelingreliesondividinguptheglobeintoagrid(格子)andthencomputingwhatisgoingonineachsectorofthegrid,aswellashowthesectorsinteractwitheachother.Limitationsinavailablecomputerprocessingpowermeanthatthosesectorsgenerallycannotbeanysmallerthantensofkilometersperside.Butforclimatemodeling,thedevilisinthedetails—detailsthatgetmissedinatoo-largegrid.“Forcitiesplanningtheirstormwatermanagementfacilitiestoresistthenext100years’worthoffloods,thisisaseriousissue.Concreteanswersaboutthelikelyrangeofclimateoutcomesarekeyforplanning.”saysTapioSchneider,seniorresearchscientistatCliMA．Weighingrecentadvancesinthecomputationalanddatasciences,theteamplanstostepincandesceofthepartnersbringsadifferentstrengthandresearchexpertisetotheproject.“Ourgoalisanewmodelthatprojectsfuturechangesincriticalvariablessuchascloudcover,seaiceextent,andrainfallmoreaccurately—withuncertaintiesatleasthalfthesizeofthoseinexistingmodels.”saidDr.Andrew,theteamleader.OnedoubterabouttheapplicationofclimatemodelsisRaffaeleFerrari,aCecilandIdaGreenProfessorofOceanographyatMIT.“Usingamodel,webecomepuppeteers,mastersofagiantsystemthatis,intruth,beyondhumancontrol.Wecancoolorheattheplanetatwill,addsaltoriceorrainordustinanyamountwewant,”Dr.Ferrarisays.“Wehavenobackupplanet.Howclimatemodelsareusedremainstobeseen.”5．Whyareclimatemodelsbuilt?A．Tocollectscientificdata. B．Tomonitorhumanactions.C．Todeliverusefulforecasts. D．Tomaintainsocialsystems.6．Whatistheproblemofcurrentclimatemodeling?A．Shortageoffacilities. B．Relianceoncomputers.C．Inabilitytogetsmallergrids. D．Limitationinsimplifyingdetails.7．Whatdoestheteamaimtodo?A．Investigateseriousissues. B．Guaranteethesafetyofthecity.C．Changethefutureclimate. D．Improvetheaccuracyofthemodels.8．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Climatemodelsenjoysgreatpopularity.B．Scientistshavecreatedanewclimatemodel.C．Doubtsaboutclimatemodelsaredisappearing.D．Cautionisadvisedintheuseofclimatemodels.【答案】5．C6．C7．D8．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。本文圍繞氣候模型的主題，解釋了其工作原理、存在的局限性，以及科學(xué)家們?nèi)绾闻Ω倪M(jìn)氣候模型以提高預(yù)測(cè)的準(zhǔn)確性和實(shí)用性。5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Climatemodelscangiveusapreviewofhowhumanity’sactions—orinaction—willchangeourplanetoverthecomingdecadesandcenturies.(氣候模型可以讓我們預(yù)覽人類的行為——或不作為——將如何在未來(lái)幾十年和幾個(gè)世紀(jì)改變我們的星球)”以及“Scientistsandengineersfromacrossthecountryareteaminguptobuildanewtypeofclimatemodelthatisdesignedtoprovidemorepreciseandactionablepredictions.(來(lái)自全國(guó)各地的科學(xué)家和工程師正在合作建立一種新型的氣候模型，旨在提供更精確和可操作的預(yù)測(cè))”可知，建立氣候模型是為了提供有用的預(yù)測(cè)。故選C項(xiàng)。6．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Currentclimatemodelingreliesondividinguptheglobeintoagrid(格子)andthencomputingwhatisgoingonineachsectorofthegrid,aswellashowthesectorsinteractwitheachother.Limitationsinavailablecomputerprocessingpowermeanthatthosesectorsgenerallycannotbeanysmallerthantensofkilometersperside.Butforclimatemodeling,thedevilisinthedetails—detailsthatgetmissedinatoo-largegrid.(目前的氣候模型依賴于將全球劃分成一個(gè)網(wǎng)格，然后計(jì)算網(wǎng)格中每個(gè)區(qū)域的情況，以及顯示區(qū)域之間的相互作用。可用計(jì)算機(jī)處理能力的限制意味著這些扇區(qū)通常不能小于每邊幾十公里。但對(duì)于氣候模型來(lái)說(shuō)，關(guān)鍵在于細(xì)節(jié)——那些在太大的網(wǎng)格中被遺漏的細(xì)節(jié))”可知，當(dāng)前氣候模型的問(wèn)題是無(wú)法得到更小的網(wǎng)格。故選C項(xiàng)。7．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Weighingrecentadvancesinthecomputationalanddatasciences,theteamplanstostepincandesceofthepartnersbringsadifferentstrengthandresearchexpertisetotheproject.“Ourgoalisanewmodelthatprojectsfuturechangesincriticalvariablessuchascloudcover,seaiceextent,andrainfallmoreaccurately—withuncertaintiesatleasthalfthesizeofthoseinexistingmodels.”saidDr.Andrew,theteamleader.(考慮到計(jì)算和數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)的最新進(jìn)展，該團(tuán)隊(duì)計(jì)劃進(jìn)行深入研究。每個(gè)合作伙伴都為該項(xiàng)目帶來(lái)了不同的優(yōu)勢(shì)和研究專長(zhǎng)?！拔覀兊哪繕?biāo)是創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新模型，能夠更準(zhǔn)確地預(yù)測(cè)云量、海冰范圍和降雨量等關(guān)鍵變量的未來(lái)變化，而且不確定性至少比現(xiàn)有模型中的小一半?！眻F(tuán)隊(duì)負(fù)責(zé)人安德魯博士說(shuō))”可知，團(tuán)隊(duì)的目標(biāo)是提高模型的準(zhǔn)確性。故選D項(xiàng)。8．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“OnedoubterabouttheapplicationofclimatemodelsisRaffaeleFerrari,aCecilandIdaGreenProfessorofOceanographyatMIT.“Usingamodel,webecomepuppeteers,mastersofagiantsystemthatis,intruth,beyondhumancontrol.Wecancoolorheattheplanetatwill,addsaltoriceorrainordustinanyamountwewant,”Dr.Ferrarisays.“Wehavenobackupplanet.Howclimatemodelsareusedremainstobeseen.”(麻省理工學(xué)院海洋學(xué)Cecil和IdaGreen教授RaffaeleFerrari對(duì)氣候模型的應(yīng)用持懷疑態(tài)度。“通過(guò)模型，我們成為了操縱木偶的大師，成為了一個(gè)巨大系統(tǒng)的主人，而這個(gè)系統(tǒng)實(shí)際上超出了人類的控制。我們可以隨意冷卻或加熱地球，可以隨意添加我們想要的鹽、冰、雨或灰塵，”Ferrari博士說(shuō)。“我們沒(méi)有備用星球。如何使用氣候模型還有待觀察?！?”可知，F(xiàn)errari警告人們?nèi)绾问褂脷夂蚰Ｐ瓦€有待觀察，所以在使用氣候模型時(shí)應(yīng)謹(jǐn)慎。故選D項(xiàng)。（23-24高二下·浙江紹興·期末）In2017,EllicHighwood,theprofessorofclimatephysicsattheUniversityofReading,postedaphotographonTwitterofa“globalwarmingblanket”shehadcrocheted(用鉤針編織),inwhichrowsofcolourrepresentedaverageglobaltemperaturechangesacrosstime.Shehadnoideathatagraphicversionlatercreatedbyacolleaguewouldbecomeaglobalsymbolofclimatechange.Shehadnoideathatagraphicversionlatercreatedbyacolleaguewouldbecomeaglobalsymbolofclimatechange.Unliketraditionaldatavisualisations,theblanket’spatternonlyfeaturescolors—andseemstobeabarcodemorethananormalgraph.WhenEdHawkins,climatescientistandprofessoratthesameuniversity,sawthewarmingstripesandwitnessedpeople’sreactions,hethoughttheywouldbeagoodwaytovisualisethedatafromclimatechangeonline.Hereducedtherangeofcolorstotonesofbluesandreds,universallyassociatedinweathermapswithtemperature.Ayearlater,HawkinstestedthedesignattheHayFestivalintheUK.Afterapositivereception,heembarkedonamissiontomakethewarmingstripeswidelyaccessibleandlaunchedawebsite.Withinaweek,thesitehadmorethanonemilliondownloadsfromacross180countries.Meteorologist(氣象學(xué)家)BernadetteWoodsPlackyfirstsawthestripesonFacebookin2018.WhenaweatherpresenterprintedthedesignonatietowearonTV,andaskedifanybodyelsewantedtojoin,Bernadettesawanopportunityforthecommunitytocollaborate.TheypartneredwithHawkins,universities,theWorldMeteorologicalOrganization,andothers,andhadaWhatsAppgroupwithTVweatherpresentersfrommorethan100countries.The“warmingstripes”imagehasbeenembracedbyactivistsglobally.ThestripeshavebeenworninLondonFashionWeekcatwalksanddisplayedonpublictransportinEurope,decoratedbuildingsandevennaturallandmarksinEngland.Cycling4Climate,afoundationthathasorganizedridesinsixcountriestopromoteclimatechangeawareness,chosethestripepatternasauniformbecauseofthestrongmessageitconveys.Thewarmingstripesmaynotnecessarilybethesolution,butperhapstheyrepresentafirststepinrecognizingtheproblem.9．Whatcanweknowaboutthewarmingstripes?A．Theyconsistofabarcodeandanormalgraph.B．Theyareapracticalapproachtoglobalwarming.C．Theyrevealthecausesofglobalclimatechanges.D．TheygoglobalduetotheworkofBernadetteandEdHawkins.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"collaborate"inparagraph4mean?A．Cooperate. B．Resolve. C．Dominate. D．Interrupt.11．Whatisthewriter'sattitudetothewarmingstripes?A．Doubtful. B．Cautious. C．Favorable. D．Conse