龍巖市武平縣十方中學(xué)九年級英語 初中語法梳理和提高學(xué)案 新人教版

福建省龍巖市武平縣十方中學(xué)九年級英語初中語法梳理和提高新人教版知識梳理：提綱挈領(lǐng)，抓住重點和難點！名詞的分類名詞類別意義例詞專有名詞表示具體的人名、事物、國家、地名、機構(gòu)、團體等的專有名稱Jim,China,Qingdao,theUK,theGreatWall普通名詞可數(shù)名詞個體名詞表示單個人的人或事物girl,student,factory,desk,cat,country集合名詞表示一群人或一些事物的總稱people,police,team,clothes,group,crew不可數(shù)名詞物質(zhì)名詞表示無法分為個體的物質(zhì)water,ice,pork,cheese,cotton,broccoli抽象名詞表示抽象概念的詞fun,healthy,happiness,courage,love,care注：1.專有名詞是指人、地方、團體、機構(gòu)等特有的名稱。第一個字母必須大寫。專有名詞前一般不加冠詞。2、有普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前要用定冠詞“the”，但它不大寫。3、有些不可數(shù)名詞有時表示為具體的東西時，則變?yōu)榭蓴?shù)名詞，而且以四上也有了變化。eg.beerabeer一杯啤酒，workawork工廠，著作，glassaglass一個玻璃杯，room空間aroom一個房間名詞的數(shù)：表示可以計算數(shù)目的人或物稱為可數(shù)名詞。1、可數(shù)名詞有單、復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式：可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式要在名詞前加“a或an”；復(fù)數(shù)形式是在名詞后加“-s或-es”。名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種，規(guī)則變化及其讀音可依照下表：當(dāng)名詞為：詞尾變化讀音例詞一般情況加s在清輔音后讀/s/chips,jeeps,pats,clocks在濁輔音或元音后讀/z/boys,sharpeners,sofas,drawers以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的單詞加es/iz/watches,boxes,classes,brushes以字母o結(jié)尾的單詞加s或es/z/zoos,photos,bamboos,tomatoes,potatoes,heroes,以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的單詞去y變i加es/z/dictionaries,strawberries,以f或fe結(jié)尾的單詞去f或fe變v加es/vz/leaves,wives,halves以th結(jié)尾的詞加s/ez/;/θz/mouths,paths;months,deaths2.可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化①改變單數(shù)名詞中的元音字母eg.man--men,woman—women,tooth—teeth,foot—feet,goose—geese,mouse--mice②單復(fù)數(shù)同形eg.Chinese-Chinese,deer-deer,fish-fish,sheep-sheep,…③由man和woman構(gòu)成的合成詞,每個名詞都要變復(fù)數(shù)eg.amandoctor—mendoctors,awomanteacher--womenteachers注意:有些名詞表示一種物體具有不可分割的相同的兩部分,在使用時只有復(fù)數(shù)形式eg.trousers,clothes,glasses,shorts,scissors,etc;有些名詞從形式上看是復(fù)數(shù),實際上是單數(shù)(其后的謂語動詞要用單數(shù)).eg.maths,phyiscs,politics,news3.不可數(shù)名詞：表示不能計算數(shù)目的人或物，稱為不可數(shù)名詞。他們前面不能用a/an,沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞都屬于不可數(shù)名詞。不可數(shù)名詞一般只有單數(shù)形式,但有其特殊用法:同一個詞,變成復(fù)數(shù)形式,意義不同。eg.food食物foods各種食物，time時間times時代，green綠色greens青菜有些不可數(shù)名詞用復(fù)數(shù)代指具體的事物eg.hopehopes希望hardshiphardships艱苦物質(zhì)名詞在表示數(shù)量時,常用某個量詞+of來表示eg.acupoftea,sevenpiecesofbread,severalbagsofrice,…三、名詞的所有格名詞的所有格是表示名詞之間的所有關(guān)系,有兩種表示形式,一種是在名詞后+’s；另一種是用of,表示“……的”。1.(1)一般詞的所有格,直接在詞尾+’s。eg.Mr.Mott’srobot,children’sclothes(2)以s結(jié)尾的名詞所有格只在詞尾+’eg.teachers’books(3)兩人共有的物體,則在第二個名詞后+’s;如果分別是兩人所有,則在每個名詞后面+’s。eg.LucyandLily’sroom.(指兩人共住一個房間)MrsGreen’sandMrsBrown’sson.(指兩人各自的兒子)(4)表示某具體場所時,所有格后面的名詞可省略eg.thedoctor’s(office)Mr.White’s2.(1)沒有生命的事物一般用of短語來表示所屬關(guān)系。eg.thewalloftheclassroom，apictureofthebedroom，(2)名詞的的定語較長時,有生命的事物也可用of短語表示。eg.alongstoryofa50-year-oldman雙重所有格eg.afriendofhis,thebignoseofTom’s有些表示時間、距離、國家、城市等無生命的東西的名詞，也可以加’s來構(gòu)成所有格。eg.tenminutes’walk,today’snewspaper1.Theygotmuch_____fromthosenewbooks.A.ideasB.photosC.newsD.stories2.Ihavetwo_______andthreebottlesof_________here.A.orange,orangeB.oranges,orangesC.oranges,orangeD.orange,oranges3.EveryeveningMr.Kingtakesa_________tohishome.A.25minutes’walkB.25minute’swalkC.25minutewalkD.25minuteswalk4.Anold_______wantstoseeyou.A.peopleB.personC.thepeopleD.theperson5.Helpyourselfto__________.A.chickensandapplesB.chickensandappleC.chickenandappleD.chickenandapples6.Oh,dear.Iforgotthetwo_________.A.room’snumberB.rooms’numberC.roomnumbersD.rooms’numbers7.ShehasbeeninTianjinfortenyears.Tianjinhasbecomehersecond_________.A.familyB.houseC.homeD.room8.________motherscouldn’tgotothemeeting,becausetheyhavegonetoShanghai.A.MaryandPeter’sB.MaryandPeterC.Mary’sandPeterD.Mary’sandPeter’s9.LiLeihasbeento__________manytimesthismonth.A.heruncleB.heruncle’sC.herunclesD.aunt’s10.Heisasuccessasaleaderbuthehasn’t________inteaching.A.manyexperiencesB.muchexperienceC.anexperienceD.alotexperience11.Aclassmateof_________washeretenminutesago.A.youB.yourC.yoursisterD.yoursister’s12.Agroupof_________aretalkingwithtwo___________.A.Frenchmen,GermansB.Germans,FrenchmansC.Frenchmans,GermenD.Germen,Frenchmen13.Theteam________havingameeting.A.isB.areC.amD.be14.“Wouldyoulike_________?”“________,please.”A.drink,ThreecoffeesB.acupofdrink,CoffeesC.adrink,AcoffeeD.adrink,Threecupsofcoffees15.TheGreatWallwasmadenotonlyby_______,butalsothefleshandbloodof________men.A.earthandstone,millionsofB.earthsandstones,millionsC.theearthandstone,millionofD.theearthsandstones,millions選擇最佳答案：1．Lastnight,therewasafoodaccident.The_______wereill,butno_______werelost.A.child,livesB.children,lifeC.children,livesD.child,life2.Thisisaphotoof_________whentheywereyoung.OK,howhappytheybothlooked!A.myfatherandmotherB.mymotherandfather'sC.mymother'sandfather'sD.myfather'sandmymother3.Thenewstudentisin__________,GradeTwo.A.ClassThirdB.ThirdClassC.ClassThreeD.Threeclass4.TodayisSeptember10th.It's__________Day.Let'sgoandbuysomeflowersforourteachers.A.TeachersB.Teachers'C.theTeachers'D.Teacher's5.Themarketisn'tfarfromhere.It'sonly_________bicycleride.A.halfanhours'B.halfanhour'sC.halfanhourD.anhourandahalf6.Whatwouldyouliketodrink,girls?_________,please.A.TwocupofcoffeeB.TwocupsofcoffeC.TwocupsofcoffeeD.Twocupsofcoffees7.DuringChristmas,peoplegettogetherandsingChristmassongsfor_________.A.funB.wishesC.interestD.thanks8.Some_________areflyingkitesneartheriver.A.childB.boyC.boysD.childs9.Aftertheexam,we'llhave________holiday.A.twoweeksB.two-weeksC.twoweeks'D.twoweek's10.Theyarethose_________bags.Pleaseputthemonthebus.A.visitorB.visitorsC.visitor'sD.visitors'11.Howmanyworkersarethereinyourfactory?Therearetwo___________.A.hundredsB.hundredC.hundredofD.hundredsof12.Whatdoyouthinkofthe_______theMoonlightSonatabyBeethoven?Itsoundsreallywonderful.A.subjectB.musicC.bookD.animal13.Thereisnotenough_________inthecornerforthefridge.A.placeB.roomC.fieldD.ground14._________comesfromsheepandsomepeoplelikeeatingitA.WoolB.PorkC.MuttonD.Milk15.Ifyoudon'ttakemore________,you'llgetfat.A.medicineB.lessonsC.photosD.exercise16.Myschoolisabouttwenty________walkfromhere.A.minuteB.minutes'C.minutes'sD.minutes17.Mum,Ihave_______totellyou!A.agoodnewsB.somegoodnewsC.somegoodnewesD.muchgoodnews18.Whichisthe________tothepostoffice?A.streetB.wayC.roadD.address19.Istayedat________lastSunday.A.myunclesB.myuncles'C.myuncle'sD.myuncle'sfamily20.Maths________noteasytolearn.A.areB.isC.amD.were冠詞冠詞分為不定冠詞(a,an)和定冠詞(the)一、不定冠詞的用法1)用與可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式前,指人或事物的某一種類：例如：Sheisagirl.Passmeanapple,please.2)、指某人或某物,但不具體說明何人或何物。例如：AboyiswaitingforyouWeworksixdaysaweek.3).表示“一”這個數(shù)量,但數(shù)的概念沒有one強烈.例如:WearegoingtohaveanEnglishlessontomorrow.Ihaveamouth,anose,twoeyesandtwoears.4).用于某些固定的詞組中.例如:afew,alittle,alotof注:用a還是an,要看后面的詞讀音以輔音開頭還是以元音開頭.二、定冠詞的用法1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物.例如:thephotooftheboy2)指雙方都知道的人或物.例如:-Wherearethenewbooks,Jim?-Theyareonthesmalltable.3)指上文提過的人或物.例如:Todayheismakingamachine.Hewantstoridethemachinelikeabikeandflyitlikeaplane.4).用在世界上獨一無二的事物前.例如:Thesunisbiggerthanthemoon.5).用在序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級前.例如:Thefirsttruckiscarryingafewbaskets.Thethirdoneiscarryingthefewestofall.6).用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前.例如:theGreatWalltheNorthStreetHospital7).用在一些習(xí)慣用語中.例如:inthemorning(afternoon,evening),ontheleft(right)attheendof三、不用冠詞的情況1）在專有名詞前和不可數(shù)名詞前。例如：China,GradeTwo,BillSmith,milk2）名詞前已有作定語用的this,that,my,your,some,any等代詞。例如：Theletterisinherpocket.Ithinktheshopisclosedatthistimeofday.3）復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人或事物時。例如：Myfatherandmotherareteachers.Ilikecakes.4）在星期、月份、季節(jié)、節(jié)日前。例如：ItisSunday(Monday,Tuesday,etc.)TodayisMid-AutumnDay.Itiscoldinwinter.5）在稱呼語或表示頭銜的名詞前。例如：UncleWanglikesmakingthings.WhatcolourareMrsGreen’sshoes?6）在三餐飯和球類運動的名稱前。例如：Hewenttoschoolafterbreakfast.Canyouplaybasketball?注：在某些固定詞組中，如：athome,bybus,gotoschool等的名詞前不用冠詞。1._______milkisfood.________milkinthiscuphasgonebad.2.Doyoulikeplaying_________football?Yes.ButIhaveonly_________basketball.3.Doyouknow_______girlon________anothersideof________lake?4.There’s________“u”and________“s”in________work“use”.5.Shesays________animalscant’slivewithout__________air,either.6.Hisfather,whois________honestman,isteachingin________university.7.Whichisheavier,________elephantor________horse?8.________coldwindwasblowingfromthenorth.9.Heisalwaysreadytohelp_________oldand________young.10.________Greensaretravelingin_________SouthChina.11.Although________mostofusliketodrinkbeer,thosewhodrink________mostare_______leasthealthy.12.Xiaomeisaw_________interestingfilmlastnight.________filmwasabout_________kinddoctor.13.Youcanhave_________secondtryifyoufail_______firsttime.14.Tomwentto_________schoolasusual,buthedidn’tknowhisfatherwentto________schoolforaparentmeeting.15.________knowledgebeginswith_________practice.一、在空白處填入a/an或the。1.Mum,whatshallwehavefor_______dinner?Dumplings.Oh,what_______wonderfuldinner!Ienjoyitverymuch.2._________PLAwasfoundedon__________August1st,19273._______Kingscametousat_________noon.4.Thescientistsfrom________UnitedStateslivein__________NinthStreet.5.Thedoctortohim,“Take________medicinetwice________day.Stayin_________bedandyou’llbebettersoon.”6.September10this____________Teachers’Day.7.MrBlackarrivedhereon__________Tuesdaymorning.8.Therearefourseasonsin_______year.________firstseasonisspring.Itis__________bestoneof__________four.9.Somepeoplehavebeento_________moon,in_______spaceship.10._______Chinais_________oldcountrywith_________longhistory二、選擇填空：A./ B.a C.an D.theTheyareliving______happylifenow.______bagon______deskismine.Thereis______emptyboxonthetable.Doyoulike______musicofthefilm“Titanic”?On______Saturday,Istayin______bedtill12:00.______BrownshavebeentoChinatwice.Don’tmakeanynoisein______class.Thisissuch______interestingstorythatyoumustlistentoit.NextweektheywillgotoAustraliaby______air.Whichisbigger,______sunor______moon?三、在空白處填入a/an或the。1.ThismorningIbought_____newspaperand_____magazine._______newspaperisinmybagbutIdon’tknowwhereIput______magazine.2.Isaw______accidentthismorning.______carcrashedinto______tree.______driverof______carwasn’thurtbut______carwasbadlydamaged.3.Therearetwocarsparkedoutside:______blueoneand_______greyone._______blueoneismyneighbour’s;Idon’tknowwho______ownerof_______greyoneis.4.Myfriendslivein_______oldhousein_______smallvillage.Thereis_______beautifulgardenbehind_______house.Iwouldliketohave______gardenlikethat.1．a(chǎn),a,Thethe2.an,a,a,The,the,the3.A,a,thethe,the4.an,a,a,the,a代詞代詞的分類英語中常把代詞分為人稱代詞、無主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、疑問代詞、連接代詞、不定代詞和相互代詞。代詞的用法人稱代詞：人稱代詞是指人的代詞，有性、數(shù)、格的區(qū)別。表示“我”“你”“他”“我們”“你們”“他們”。請看下表：數(shù)格人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格第一人稱wemeweus第二人稱youyouyouyou第三人稱hehimtheythemsheheritit人稱代詞主格在句中作主語。例如：SheismyEnglishteacher.賓格在句中作賓語。例如：Theydon’twantmetogotherealone.Don’tworry.Icanlookafterher.賓格還可以作賓格。特別是在口語中。例如：Who’sthat?It’sme.注意：①人稱代詞we,you,they可以用來表示一般人。例如：Youcannotgointothehallwithslippers.不準穿拖鞋進入大廳。②人稱代的主格作表語，一般都在正中的談話中，表示強調(diào)。例如：Itwashewhotookawaythenecklace.是他拿走了那條項鏈。③人稱代詞she可以用指代祖國、大地、月亮、輪船等。例如：Theshipisleaving.She’sonherfirsttriptoBoston.輪船要起航了。這時她第一次去波士頓。Weloveourcountry,wehopeshe’llbestrongerandstronger.我們熱愛我們的祖國，我們希望她越來越強大。④It作為人稱代詞時，可以表示天氣、距離、時間、環(huán)境等。例如：Itisabout10kilometresfromhere.離這兒大約有10公里。⑤It還可用作形式主語或形式賓語，來代替由不定式，動詞的-ing,形式或主語從句構(gòu)成的真正的主語或賓語，以避免句子頭重腳輕。例如：ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.Itisgoodforyoutakingawalkaftersupper.Ifounditdifficulttosleep.⑥英語里當(dāng)主語是并列的幾個人時，人稱代詞的排列順序和漢語不同，I在最后，you在最前；但是，當(dāng)受到批評或時承認錯誤時正好相反，I在最前，you在最后。例如：You,heandIareallthewinners.I,Lileiandyouarewrong.Weshoulddomorefortheproject.2．物主代詞：表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞包括名詞性物主代詞和形容詞性物主代詞。詞義類型我的你的他的她的它的我們的你們的他/她/它們的形容詞性物主代詞myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名詞性物主代詞mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs形容詞性物主代詞在句中具有形容詞的特征。在句中作定語，后面跟名詞。例如：Tooursurprise,hehaspassedtheexam.(2)名詞性的物主代詞具有名詞的特征，在句中作主語、表語、賓語。例如：MayIuseyourbike?Mineisatschool.(作主語)Whoseglassesarethese?Theyarehers.(作表語)Mydictionaryislost.CanIuseyours?(作賓語)(3)名詞性物主代詞可以與of連用，作定語。例如：Afriendofoursarewaitingforus.3．反身帶詞：用來表示“某人自己”的代詞稱為反身代詞。如下表所示：詞義數(shù)我(們)自己你(們)自己他/她/它自己/他們自己單數(shù)myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself復(fù)數(shù)ourselvesyourselvesthemselves（1）反身代詞在句中常用賓語,主語或賓語的同位語。例如：Hersisteristooyoungtodressherself.(作賓語)Hehimselfisalwaysmakingsuchmistakes.(主語同位語)You’dbetteraskyourwifeherself.(賓語同位語)反身代詞可與其他詞構(gòu)成固定搭配，例如：makeoneselfathome,teachoneself,learnbyoneself,helponeselfto…,etc4．指示代詞：表示時間和空間遠近關(guān)系的代詞叫指示代詞。見下表這，這個那，那個這些那些thisthatthesethose指示代詞可在句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語等。例如：Thosearemyparents.(作主語)Throwitlikethat.(作表語)ThetoyslittleTomlikesarethoseinthebasket.(作表語)Thesepicturesaredrawnbyanoldblindman.(作定語)注意：（1）前面剛剛提到過的東西，常用that,those表示。例如：I’msorrytohearthat.(2)下文將要提到的事情，可用these,this表示，起啟下的作用。例如：Tellthechildrentodolikethis:knockthestickintotheearthfirst,thentiethetreetoit.5．疑問代詞：用來構(gòu)成特殊疑問句的代詞叫疑問代詞。常用的有：who,what,which,whose,whom，在句中常作主語、賓語、定語、表語。作主語：Whatmakeyousohappy?作賓語：Who/Whomisyourmanagertalkingwith?在口語中，作賓語時who和whom可以通用，但在介詞后面只能用whom.例如：Aboutwhomtheyaretalkingjustnow?作定語：Whichsubjectdoyoulikebest?作表語：What’syourmother.6．相互代詞：用于表示相互關(guān)系的代詞。常用的有：eachother,oneanother.相互代詞可以作賓語、定語。例如：Weshouldhelpeachother.Thevillagershavelookedafteroneanothertheseyear.相互代詞后可以加’s,表示所有關(guān)系。例如：Weputthepresentsineachother’sstocking.7．連接代詞：用來連接賓語從句、表語從句、主語從句的代詞叫連接代詞。常用的有：what,which,who,whomwhose,that例如：Iknowwhathesaidatthemeeting.Theproblemiswhowillmendit.Couldyoutellmewhichisthewaytothepostoffice?8.不定代詞：不定代詞沒有確定的對象，常用的有：all,each,every,both,either,neither,one,none,little,few,many，much,other,another,someany,no以及由some,no,any,every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞。不定代詞通?？梢宰鲋髡Z、賓語、表語、定語，而none及含有some,anevery的合成代詞不能做定語，no和every只能做定語。代詞many,few,afew修飾可數(shù)名詞，much,little,alittle修飾不可數(shù)名詞。both,either,neither,each用于指兩者，all,any,none,every,another用于指三者或三者以上。Thisisn’t______pencilcase.Ileft______athome.A.my,mineB.me,myC.I,myD.my,myselfTheEnglishnovelisquiteeasyforyou.Thereare______newwordsinit.A.alittleB.littleC.afewD.fewCanIcomethiseveningortomorrowmorning?______OK.I’mfreetodayandtomorrow.A.EitherB.NeitherC.BothD.NoneThepopulationofChinaismuchlargethan______this B.those C.it D.that5.Whenshallwemeetagain?Makeit______dayyoulike.It’sallthesametome.A.one B.any C.another D.allHesaid______atthemeetingandjustsattheresilently.A.somethingB.anythingC.nothingD.everythingDoyouknowthelady______isinterviewingourheadmaster?Yes,sheisajournalistfromCCTV.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.whose一、用適當(dāng)?shù)拇~填空Help______tosomeicecream,girls.Hecameupwithanideaatlast,theideaof______wasverygood.Hurry,up,there’s______timeleft.Thereishardly______inthebasket,it’sempty.LiliandCocodon’tknow______address.LilihasneverbeentoCoco’shomeandCocohasneverbeentoLily’shome,either.Heis______akindfriendthat______ofuslikehim.HehavetwoEnglishnovels,buthehasread______ofthem.Idon’tlikethecolorofthisjacket.Couldyoushowme______one?Youmaytake______ofthem,they’rebothgood.Don’tworry.______goeswellhere.二、選擇最佳答案填空：1.Thesetwobooksareveryinteresting.Youcanchoose_________ofthem.A.bothB.eachC.eitherD.any2.Hehad________milkbut_________breadforbreakfast.A.many;fewB.much;littleC.few;muchD.little;many3.Isthere________youwanttosay?A.somethingelseB.anythingelseC.elseanythingD.elsesomething4.A:_________areyougoingtovisit?B:IamgoingtovisitthePalaceMuseum.A.WhereB.WhatC.WhyD.When5.Oneshouldkeep________promise.A.one’sownB.everyC.himselfD.herself三、完成句子There’stwoappleshere,youcantake______（任意一個）.Lisahastwodaughters.______(沒有一個喜歡)traveling.______(所有的)girlslikesinging.Tosayis______(一回事),todois______(另一回事).Theykeeponeblackcatand______(兩只黑的).Hehas______(許多)money,buthehas______(沒有)friends.CanshespeakFrench?______(只會一點).______(他們中很少有人)cantalkinChinese.______(沒人)hasbeenreachedfartherthanthemoon.Welookedat______(相互)ingreatsurprise.數(shù)詞英語數(shù)詞表示數(shù)目或者順序，可分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞。基數(shù)詞表示數(shù)量，序數(shù)詞表示順序。知識梳理：提綱挈領(lǐng)，抓住重點和難點！一、基數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成1．1—12的基數(shù)詞是獨立的單詞，即：one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight，nine，ten，eleven，twelve。2．13—19的基數(shù)詞以-teen結(jié)尾。如：fourteen，seventeen等，但13，15，18較特殊，13—thirteen15—fifteen18—eighteen。3．20—90的整十位均以-ty結(jié)尾。如：sixty，ninety，但20，30，40，50，80較特殊，20—twenty30—thirty40—forty50—fifty80—eighty。4．十位數(shù)與個位數(shù)之間要加連字符號“-”，如：28—twenty-eight，96—ninety-six。5．百位和十位（若無十位則和個位）之間加and，如：148—onehundredandforty-eight406—fourhundredandsix。6．hundred（百），thousand（千），million（百萬），billion（十億）等前面即使有具體的數(shù)詞，也不能在它們的后面加s。如：600—sixhundred，8百萬—eightmillion。7．1000以上的數(shù)字，從后往前數(shù)每三位加一個逗號“，”第一個逗號前為千（thousand），第二個逗號前為百萬（million），第三個逗號前為billion（十億）。英語中無“萬”這個詞，我們可以用“幾十個千（thousand）”表示幾萬，“幾百個千（thousand）”表示“幾十萬”。如：2，510＝twothousandfivehundredandten；84，296＝eight-fourthousandtwohundredandninety-six；274，350＝twohundredandseventy-fourthousandthreehundredandfifty。二、序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成序數(shù)詞一般是以與之相應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞尾加-th構(gòu)成，例如fourth,tenth,但以下的這些基數(shù)詞變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞時，有特別之處。1.onefirst,twosecond,threethird,fivefifth,niceninth,twelvetwelfth2.以ty結(jié)尾的單詞，要先變y為I,在加-eth.例如：thirtythirtieth,fiftyfiftieth3.以one,two,three等結(jié)尾的多位數(shù)詞，要將各位數(shù)變成序數(shù)詞。例如：twenty-onetwenty-first,onehundredandoneonehundredandfirst注意：序數(shù)詞前常用定冠詞，有時還可以用不定冠詞a/an則表示“又一”的意思。例如：MrBrownhasasecondcar.布朗先生另外還有一輛車。Hehastriedasecondtime.他又嘗試了一次。三、數(shù)詞的應(yīng)用1．時刻的表示：小時、點鐘、分鐘、秒鐘要用基數(shù)詞。①“幾點鐘”用基數(shù)詞加o'clock。o'clock可省略。如：5點鐘—five（o'clock）．②“幾點過幾分”，≤30分鐘”用介詞past。如：7：05—fivepastseven；7：15—fifteen（aquarter）pastseven；7：30—halfpastseven。③“差幾分幾點”用介詞“to”。如：7：40—twentytoeight；7：45—fifteen（aquartertoeight。④日常生活中的時間讀法常常簡化，直接按基數(shù)詞的順序讀。如：7：05—sevenofive；7：15—sevenfifteen。2．年月日的表示：年份用基數(shù)詞，如：1999年—nineteenninety-nine；1900年—nineteenhundred；2000—twothousand；1905—nineteenofive；年用基數(shù)詞，日用序數(shù)詞。如：1998年6月8日寫作：June8，1998；讀作：Junetheeighth，nineteenninety-eight或theeighthofJune，nineteenninety-eight。3.世紀、年代表示法：（在）90年代(in)thenineties（在）19世紀(in)thenineteenthcentury（在）18世紀30年代(in)1730s或1730’s4．編號的表示：LessonOne＝thefirstlesson第一課；BusNo．3＝theNo．3bus3路公共汽車；表示住所時不用“No．”如：302房間—Room302（讀作：roomthreeotwo）；如果編號的數(shù)詞比較長，一般用基數(shù)詞。如：Page457第457頁；電話號碼，用基數(shù)詞,如：3855633—threeeightfivefive（doublefive）sixthreethree（doublethree）。5．分數(shù)的表達：分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞，分子大于“1”，分母則加“s”。如：1／3onethird，2／3twothirds；另外：1／2a（one）half;1／4onefourth或a（one）quarter;3／4threefourths或threequarters。halfasecond;aquarterofasecond四分之一秒6.表示有小數(shù)的詞用基數(shù)詞。5.5fivepointfive12.135twelvepointonethreefive7．表示百分數(shù)5℅：fivepercent(percent)，0.8℅zeropointeightpercent(percent).8．表示有小數(shù)的詞用基數(shù)詞。5.5fivepointfive12.135twelvepointonethreefive9．其他用法：1）基數(shù)詞＋單數(shù)名詞＋形容詞構(gòu)成合成形容詞。如：一個五歲的男孩afive-year-oldboy；一座800米長的橋an800-metre-longbridge；女子400米接力girls'400-metrerelayrace。2）具體數(shù)詞＋metre（s）／kilometre（s）／kilo（s）long／high／tall／deep／away等。如：長江長6300公里。TheChangjiangRiveris6，300kilometreslong．3）表示"幾十歲"用序數(shù)詞，eg.在他三十幾歲時inhisthirties4）倍數(shù)的表達：(一倍用once，兩倍用twice，兩倍以上用基數(shù)詞＋times。如：5倍fivetimes)。例如：HeisastallaboyasI.HeisaheadtallerthanI.HeistwoyearsolderthanIChinaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.Iamtwiceasoldasyou.(=Iamtwiceolderthanyou./Iamtwicetheageofyou.)Mybooksaretwiceasmanyasyours.ChinaisfourtimeslargerthanEurope.(=ChinaisfourtimesthesizeofEurope.)Ipaytwiceasmuchasitwasworth.Ipaytwiceasmuchforthehouse.1._______ChinesearelookingforwaystolearnEnglishwellbeforeBeijing2008Olympic.A.ThousandB.ThousandsC.ThousandofD.Thousandsof2.Bothoftherulesarebroken.Iwanttobuya______one.A.threeB.thirdC.forthD./3).Whichisthesmallestnumberofthefour?_________.A.Two-thirdsB.AhalfC.AquarterD.Three-fourths4).Pleasewritedownthenewwordsinthetextof_______.A.LessonElevenB.theLessonElevenC.LessonEleventh選擇填空：_______ofpeopleintheworldaresendinginformationbyE-maileverday.A.ManymillionB.SeveralmillionC.SeveralmillionsD.ManymillionsAbout_______ofthesurfaceoftheearth_______coveredwithwater.A.threequarter,isB.threequarters,hasC.threequarters,isD.threequarter,areItwilltake_______timetofinishthework.A.oneandahalfyears’B.ayearandhalfC.oneandahalfyear’sD.ayearandhalf’s4．Howlongwillyourstayhere?、For________.A.oneandtwoday’sB.oneandtwodayC.adayortwoD.oneortwoday5．WhenhemovedtoGermanyin______,hewasalreadyin_______.A.thefifties;hissixtiesB.fifties;hissixtiesC.thefifties;hissixtyD.fifty;sixty6．Mybrotherlivesin______on______floor.A.sixRoom;secondB.Roomsix;thesecondC.Roomsix;twofloorD.theroomsix;thesecond7．Decemberis_______monthoftheyear.A.twelveB.twelfthC.thetwelfthD.thetwelve8．Thistookplaceinthe______.A.1940B.1940sC.1940esD.1940th9．Itisonly_____frommyhometothetrainstation.A.tenminuteswalkB.ten-minuteswalkC.tenminutes‘swalkD.tenminutes’walk10．Thereare______inthisbuilding,Iliveon______.A.ninefloors,theninthfloorB.ninefloor,theninthfloorC.ninefloor,ninefloorsD.ninthfloor,theninthfloor11．ThewaterbehindtheThreeGorgesDams(三峽大壩)shouldbe______higherthandownstream（下游）。A.sixty-fivemeterB.sixty-fifthmeterC.sixty-fivemetersD.sixty-fifthmeters12.Thereare_______daysinayear.A.threehundredsixty-fiveB.threehundredandsixty-fiveC.threehundredandsixty–fiveD.twohundredsandsixty-five13.Howmanyteachersarethereinyourschool?__________.,butI'mnotsure.A.HundredsB.HundredC.HundredsofD.Onehundred14.Thereare_________doctorsandnursesworkinghardinthathospital.A.thousandB.twothousandC.twothousandsD.twothousandsof15.What'sonefourthandahalf,doyouknow?Yes,it's_________.A.twosixthsB.threefourthsC.onethreeD.threesixth16.Nowchildren,turntopage________andlookatthe_______pictureinLessonTwo.A.twentieth,oneB.twenty,oneC.twentieth,firstD.twenty,first17.Bothofthetworulersarebroken.Iwanttobuya_______one.A.threeB.thirdC.forthD./18.Decemberisthe__________monthinyear.A.twentyB.twelveC.twentiethD.twelfth19.Whatisthedatetoday?It's_________.A.ThursdayB.JunethesixteenthC.thebestdayD.Junefifteen20.SheknowsalotaboutChinaasshehasbeentoChina________.A.fortheforthtimeB.fourtimesC.afourthtimeD.forfourtimes動詞動詞是表示動作（study,find,swim等）或狀態(tài)（be,like,feel等）的詞。動詞具有人稱、數(shù)量、時態(tài)、語態(tài)和語態(tài)變化。知識梳理：提綱挈領(lǐng)，抓住重點和難點！動詞分類：動詞有助動詞、情態(tài)動詞、聯(lián)系動詞和行為動詞四類。一）助動詞助動詞沒有任何含義，不能單獨做謂語，只能和行為動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語，幫助行為動詞組成各種時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣以及疑問或否定形式。常見的助動詞有be,do,does,did,have,will,shall等。具體用法如下：1、助動詞be的用法如下：1）構(gòu)成各種進行時態(tài)。如：Itwasrainingalldayyesterday.昨天整天下雨。2）構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)。如：Themeetingwasheldyesterdayafternoon.會議是昨天下午舉行的。3）與不定式連用表示按照計劃、預(yù)先安排或規(guī)定要發(fā)生的動作。如：TheyaretoseeanEnglishfilmthisevening.他們今天晚上看英語電影。2、助動詞do的用法如下：1）構(gòu)成疑問式或否定式。如：Doeshethinkso?Ididn’tsayanythingabouttheresult.2)在動詞前加上do,does,did表示強調(diào)，意為“的確，確實”。如：Theydostudyhard.Shedoeslovehim.Hedidwanttohelptheoldman.3、have:助動詞have的過去式是had。have和had均可與動詞過去分詞一起構(gòu)成完成時態(tài)。如：Hehaslivedhereforthreeyears.Assoonasthesunhadsettheyreturned.4、shall,should:助動詞shall只用于第一人稱的將來時態(tài)；助動詞should是shall的過去式，構(gòu)成過去將來時。如：Ishallsendtenletterstomygoodfriend.ShewantedtoknowifIshouldgotothepalace.二）情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞本身有一定含義，但不能單獨作謂語，要和行為動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。它們也能表明句子的否定、疑問或時態(tài)上的區(qū)別。常見的情態(tài)動詞有：can,may,must,need,should等。表示能力表示能力一般用can,could。如：Rosecanspeaknow,butshecouldn’taweekago.beableto也表示能力，它和can的區(qū)別如下：1）表示做事的能力，兩者可通用。但can只能用于一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時。beableto可用于任何時態(tài)。如：Shecould/wasabletoeatfourpiecesofbreadwhenshe