新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1（思政智慧版）課件 Unit 3 Heroes of our time Section B

Unit3HeroesofourtimeIthinkaheroisanypersonreallyintentonmakingthisabetterplaceforallpeople.

—MayaAngelou(Americanpoet)

讀寫教程1SectionBReadingskillsDetailedstudyofthetextReading

comprehensionCollocation新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1SectionBScanningScanningisatechniqueusedinreadingtogatherspecificinformationinatextbygoingthroughitrapidly.Inmostcases,youknowwhatyouarelookingfor,soyouareconcentratingonfindingsomeparticularinformation.Themostfamiliarwayofscanningyoumayhaveexperiencedisreadingmenusorpostersorlookingupwordsinadictionary.新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1ReadingskillsSectionBScanningScanninginvolvesmovingyoureyesquicklydownthepagetoseekspecificwordsorphrases.Thekeytoscanningistolocateusefulinformationquickly.Herearesometips:1Whenscanning,youshouldhaveaclearideaofwhatyouarelookingfor,thinkofquestions,andlookforanswers.2Donotreadeveryword.新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1ReadingskillsSectionBScanning3Watchfordefinitions,highlightedwords,especiallywordsinitalicsorboldprint.4Spotdatesandnames.5Lookfornumbers,letters,orsignalwordssuchasfirst,second,next.6Lookforrepeatedwordsorphrases.新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1ReadingskillsSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1Readingskills1ScanTextBforanswerstothefollowingquestions.1Whogavehisownlifetosavehiswife?2Whowashonoredbyover11,000peopleinToronto,Canada?3ForhowmanyyearswasNelsonMandelakeptinjail?4WhofoundedtheassociationSharetheRoad?5Whichnounisrepeatedthemostthroughoutthetext?DoryStoddard.SergeantRyanRussell.27years.EleanorMcMahon.Hero/Heroes.SectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程11

Who’saherothesedays?Inaneraofheightenedheroism,thewordherohasbecomemorecommon.Weuseherotodescribebothvictimsandsurvivorsofallkindsofdifficultiesandtragedies.Whoaretheheroesamongus?HeroesamongusDetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程12InthedayssubsequenttoamassshootinginTucson,Arizona,manydescribedDoryStoddardasahero.Dorygavehislife

forhiswife,Mavy.WhenDoryheardshotsringout,heimmediatelyfellontopofhiswifetoshieldherfrom

thehailofbullets.Atthememorialservice,thepriestsaid,“Dorydidn’tdieahero;helivedahero.”Longknownforhisremarkablespiritandloveofhumanity,DoryStoddarddiedashehadalwayslived,assistingothers.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程13DoryStoddardwasacivilianhero,whoactedinstinctivelywithcourageandgracewhencaughtupin

extraordinarycircumstances.Butwhataboutfirstresponders,whosejobis,inthewordsofthewidowofafallenpoliceofficer,to“rushtowarddanger”?DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程14InToronto,Canada,downtownlifestoppedwhenmorethan11,000policeofficersandotheremergencyrespondersmarchedsolemnly

throughthestreetstohonorSergeantRyanRussell,a35-year-old“goodmanandgoodcop”,whobelieveddeeplyinhiscommitmenttoprotectandserve.Sgt.Russellmovedquicklytoprotectothersfromharm.Hetriedtostopadrunkdriverinastolensnowplowwithonlyhispoliceautomobileandhisgoodwilltohelpothers.Sadly,Sgt.Russellwasunabletostopthedrunkdriverandwaskilledintheeffort.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程15Itusedtobethatthewordherowasreservedforthosewhoperformedactsofdistinctcouragebeyondthecallofduty.Asoldierwhorunsthroughgunfiretorescueothermilitary

personnelisseenasahero.Soarelarger-than-lifeleaderssuchasNelsonMandela,whoemergedafter27yearsofjail,confinedinasolitary

chamber.Hemadethechoicenottobebitter,andworkedhardasSouthAfrica’sfirstblackpresidenttoestablish

harmonyandhelpedsocietyreconcileitsconflictedpast.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程16Buttoday,ourheroesareaveragemenandwomen,“everydayheroes”towhomwecanrelate,peoplelikeus.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程17However,whilemanypeoplehonorSgt.Russell,somepeopleraisethisquestionwhentheytrytomakesenseof

atragedylikeSgt.Russell’s:Somefirstrespondersdonotsucceedinhelpingothersandtheygetinjuredordieintheirefforts.Dothesepeoplebecomeheroesbecauseofwhathappenstothemastheytrytohelpothers–insteadofwhattheyactuallymakehappen?DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程18IaskedroadsafetyadvocateEleanorMcMahonwhethershethoughtSgt.Russellwasahero.Ms.McMahon’slatehusband,apoliceofficer,waskilledbyadrunktruckdriverina2006off-dutycyclingaccident.Throughgriefandrage,Ms.McMahonfoundedSharetheRoad,acyclingassociation,andworkedtirelesslyuntilthegovernmentestablished“Greg’sLaw”,legislationthatgaveauthoritytothepolicetoimmediatelyseizetheautomobilesofdrunkdriverscaughtontheroad.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程19Ms.McMahonrepliedthatshethoughtSgt.Russellwasindeedahero.“Justimagine,inthemiddleofanintensesnowstormthispolicemanthinks:I’vegottostopthissnowplowbeforeithurtsothers.”Ms.McMahonsummedup

whysheconsideredmanypoliceofficerstobeheroes:“It’snaturaltobeafraidofdanger.It’snaturalforthatfeartocausemostpeopletorushtowardsafetyandawayfromdanger.Heroesdojusttheopposite.Theyrushtowarddangertohelpthoseinneed.”DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程110Wecountonfirstresponderstorushtowarddanger,especiallywhenitinvolvesusorthosewelove.Weexpectnothingless.Sowhenoneofthemdiesdoingthat,weshouldrecognizetheheroicactioneventhoughwemaydoubtourowncapacitytobeheroicourselves.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程111Theinspiringstoriesofheroeshelpremindusthatordinarypeoplecandoextraordinarythings,whetheritisinthefulfillment

oftheirdutiesoraspartofeverydaylife.Wehonorthefireman,thepoliceman,andtheaveragecitizenbyrecognizingtheirheroism.Perhaps,evenmoreimportantly,wehonorthembyworkingtochangethecircumstancesthatledtotheirdeath.Byhonoringthemwecanbeinspiredbythem.Willwebeheroeswhencircumstancescallonustoactheroically?Hopefully,wewill!DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:Inatimewhenheroismhasbeenadvocatedmorethanbefore,thewordherohasbeenusedmorefrequently.新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1★

era:

n.[C]aperiodoftimeinhistorythatisknownforaparticularevent,orforparticularqualities時代；年代Wearelivingintheinformationera.我們生活在信息時代。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1Detailedstudyofthetext★

heighten:

v.ifsth.heightensafeeling,effect,etc.,orifafeeling,etc.heightens,itbecomesstrongerorincreases（使）加強(qiáng)；（使）增加

Don’tsmoke.Smokingmayheightentheriskoflungcancer.不要吸煙。吸煙可能增加罹患肺癌的風(fēng)險。SectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1★

victim:

n.[C]apersonwhohasbeenattacked,injured,orkilledastheresultofacrime,adisease,anaccident,etc.受害者；罹難者；罹病者；犧牲品Thelocalgovernmentisraisingmoneytohelpthevictimsoftheearthquake.當(dāng)?shù)卣诨I款幫助地震災(zāi)民。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1★

survivor:

n.[C]sb.whocontinuestoliveafteranaccident,war,orillness（事故、戰(zhàn)爭或疾病的）生還者，幸存者Thepolicearesearchingforsurvivorsoftheplanecrash.

警方正在搜尋失事飛機(jī)的幸存者。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1★

tragedy:

n.[C,U]averysadeventthatshockspeoplebecauseitinvolvesdeath悲劇性事件；慘??；慘案Tragediesinlifecandrivepeopleintogreatgrief.人生中的不幸會使人極度悲痛。

2)[C]aseriousplayorbookthatendssadly,esp.withthedeathofthemaincharacter悲?。ㄗ髌罚㏑omeoandJulietisoneofShakespeare’sbest-knowntragedies.《羅密歐與朱麗葉》是莎士比亞最著名的悲劇之一。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:InthedaysafteramassshootinginTucson,Arizona,manypeopleregardedDoryStoddardasahero.新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1★

subsequent:

a.(fml.)happeningorcomingaftersth.else隨后的；繼…之后的Firesandfloodssubsequenttoanearthquakeoftencausegreaterdamage.地震后繼發(fā)的火災(zāi)和洪水常常會造成更大的破壞。DetailedstudyofthetextNote1Whenusedasattributivemodifiers,subsequentto(在……之后)andpreviousto(在……之前)areoftenputafterthenounsthattheymodify.Forexample:SectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1DetailedstudyofthetextNoteOurfinaldecisionswillbemadepubliclyavailableonourwebsiteonthedaysubsequenttotheboardmeeting.我們的最終決定會于董事會召開后的次日在我們的網(wǎng)站上予以公布。Haveagoodnight’ssleeponthedayprevioustotheinterview.面試前一天晚上要睡個好覺。

2Adjectivesthatarecommonlyusedtoindicatesequenceincludenext,following,last,subsequent,previous,andpreceding.Forexample:thenextmorning,thefollowingclass,thelastweek,thesubsequentevents,thepreviousmeeting,theprecedingpageSectionBMeaning:Dorydiedinordertosavehiswife,Mavy.新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1★

giveone’slife:dieinordertosaveotherpeopleorbecauseofastrongbelief捐軀；犧牲ThewholecommunitywasinmourningafterMr.Cartergavehislifetosavealittlegirlfromalake.卡特先生為了從湖中救一名小女孩而獻(xiàn)出了自己的生命，整個社區(qū)陷入哀痛之中。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:WhenDoryheardloudgunshots,heimmediatelyfellontopofhiswifetoprotectherfrombeingshotasthebulletsshoweredonthem.新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1★

ringout:producealoudclearsound發(fā)出響亮的聲音

Lisa’slaughterrangoutintheroom.莉薩的笑聲響徹房間。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1★

shield:vt.protectsb.orsth.frombeingharmedordamaged保護(hù)；保衛(wèi)HeputonsunscreeninordertoshieldhisskinfromtheUVraysofthesun.他涂上防曬霜以保護(hù)皮膚免受太陽紫外線的傷害。n.[C]alargepieceofmetalorleatherthatsoldiersusedinthepasttoprotectthemselveswhenfighting盾；盾牌Hehadacollectionofshieldsfrommanycenturiesago.他收藏了一些很多世紀(jì)前的盾牌。

DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1★

shieldsb./sth.fromsb./sth.:protectsb.orsth.frombeingharmedordamagedbysb.orsth.保護(hù)…免受…的影響

Hetrieshisbesttoshieldhischildrenfromthepress.

他盡力保護(hù)自己的孩子免受媒體的打擾。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1★

hail:n.1)(a~ofbullets/stones,etc.)alargenumberofbullets,stones,etc.thatarefiredorthrownatsb.一陣彈雨/像雹子般襲來的石塊等Inthebattle,theenemy’saircraftwasmetwithahailofgunfire.戰(zhàn)斗中，敵人的飛機(jī)遭到一陣炮火的襲擊。2)[U]frozenraindropswhichfallashardballsofice雹；冰雹Disastrousweatherincludesdroughts,floods,hail,andstrongwinds.災(zāi)害性天氣包括干旱、洪水、冰雹和強(qiáng)風(fēng)。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1vt.describesb.orsth.asbeingverygood把…稱贊為；把…譽(yù)為LuXunhasbeenhailedbymanyasthefatherofmodernChineseliterature.魯迅被很多人譽(yù)為中國現(xiàn)代文學(xué)之父。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaningbeyondwords:Bysaying“Dorydidn’tdieahero;helivedahero”,thepriestmeantthatDorywasaherothroughouthislife;hedidn’tbecomeaherosimplybecausehediedinabraveway.新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1★

memorialservice:n.[C]aservicedoneormadeinordertoremindpeopleofsb.whohasdied追悼會；追悼儀式DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1DetailedstudyofthetextSentencestructurenote在Dorydidn’tdieahero;helivedahero這句話中，ahero是主語補(bǔ)足語。die后面可以接某些名詞或形容詞作為主語補(bǔ)足語。例如：Hisgrandmotherdiedanaturaldeath,asshewouldhavewanted.他的祖母壽終正寢，這正是她所希望的。

ThefamousEnglishpoetShelleydiedyoung,attheageof29.英國著名詩人雪萊英年早逝，年僅29歲。SectionBMeaning:DoryStoddardhadalwaysbeenknownforhisnoblespiritandhisloveforotherpeople.Hehadalwayshelpedotherswhenhewasalive,andhediedwhilehewashelpingothers.新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1★

remarkable:

a.unusualorsurprisingandthereforedeservingattentionorpraise非凡的；驚人的；顯著的Itisthatkindofcourageanddeterminationthatmakeshimamostremarkableperson.正是那種勇氣和決心使他成為一個非凡的人。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1★

humanity:

n.1)[U]peopleingeneral人；人類（總稱）Weshouldworkhardtocreateacleanandhealthyenvironmentforallhumanity.我們應(yīng)該努力為全人類創(chuàng)造一個干凈、健康的環(huán)境。2)[U]kindness,respect,andsympathytowardothers仁慈；博愛；同情心Heisamanofdeephumanity,soheishighlyrespected.他是個極富同情心的人，所以備受尊敬。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1

3)(~ies)[pl.]subjectsofstudysuchasliterature,history,orart,ratherthanscienceormathematics人文學(xué)科Thenumberofstudentsmajoringinthehumanitieshasincreasedrecently.主修人文學(xué)科的學(xué)生人數(shù)最近增加了。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1★

assist:

v.(fml.)helpsb.todosth.幫助；援助；協(xié)助Thisprogramaimstoassistsmallbusinessesinlearninghowtodobusinesswithbigcompanies.該計劃旨在幫助小型企業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)如何與大公司做生意。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:DoryStoddardwasnotasoldierorapoliceofficer,buthewasaherobecauseheactedoutofhisinstinctinabraveandgracefulmannerwhenhewasinvolvedinunusualsituations.新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1★

civilian:a.(onlybeforenoun)relatingtocivilians平民的；百姓的；民用的；非軍職的Twentyyearslater,heleftthearmyandreturnedtocivilianlife.二十年后,他從軍隊退役，重新過上了平民的生活。n.[C]anyonewhoisnotamemberofthemilitaryforcesorthepolice平民；老百姓Thewarmademanyinnocentcivilianslosetheirhomes.這場戰(zhàn)爭使很多無辜的平民失去了家園。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1★

instinctive:

a.basedoninstinctandnotinvolvingthought本能的；天性的；直覺的It’saninstinctivereaction–ifachildfalls,youpickhimup.如果一個小孩摔倒了，你會扶他起來——

這是一種本能的反應(yīng)?！飅nstinctively:

ad.本能地；天性地；直覺地

Whenattacked,heinstinctivelyfoughtbacktodefendhimself.

當(dāng)受到攻擊時，他本能地還擊，進(jìn)行自衛(wèi)。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1★

grace:

n.[U]1)kind,polite,andfairbehavior善意；禮貌；體諒Sheisagoodactor.Shecapturesthecharacter’sessentialgentlenessandgrace.她是個好演員。她抓住了角色溫柔善良的本質(zhì)。2)asmoothwayofmovingthatlooksnatural,relaxed,andattractive優(yōu)美；優(yōu)雅Aftertakingonlyfourdancinglessons,shewasabletodancewithgrace.她只上了四次舞蹈課就能跳得很優(yōu)美了。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1★

with(good/agood)grace:inapleasantandwillingway有風(fēng)度地；情愿地Johnfailedinthecompetition,butheacceptedthefailurewithgrace.

約翰在比賽中輸了，但是他很有風(fēng)度地接受了失敗。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1★

be/getcaughtupinsth.:becomeinvolvedinsth.,esp.whenyoudonotwanttobe被卷入；陷入Theywerehavinganargument,butIdidn’twanttogetcaughtupinit.他們在爭論，但我不想卷進(jìn)去。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1★

circumstance:

n.[C,usu.pl.]theconditionsthataffectasituation,action,event,etc.情況；情形MyparentshavebeentellingmethatundernocircumstancesmayIcheatortelllies.我父母一直告誡我，無論什么情況下都不能欺騙或說謊。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:Butwhataboutthosepeoplewhoaresupposedtobethefirsttoarriveatthespotanddealwithemergencies?Asthewifeofalatepoliceofficerputsit,itisthejobofthesepeopletorushforwardinthefaceofdanger.Meaningbeyondwords:Bysaying“whataboutfirstresponders”,theauthorisaskingthereaderwhetherfirstrespondersarealsoheroes.新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1★

respond:

vi.dosth.asareactiontosth.thathasbeensaidordone作出反應(yīng)；回應(yīng)Thefiredepartmentrespondedtotheforestfirewithinminutes.幾分鐘之內(nèi)消防部門就對森林大火作出了反應(yīng)。★

responder:

n.[C]apersonorthingthatresponds回答者；回應(yīng)者；應(yīng)答器Thesetypesofquestionsgivehonestrespondersopportunitiestofurtherexplainwhattheypreviouslysaid.這類問題使誠實(shí)的回答者有機(jī)會進(jìn)一步解釋他們之前提供的信息。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1

★firstresponder:n.[C]sb.whoisoneofthefirstpeopletoarrivetodealwithanemergency,esp.aparamedic,policeofficer,orfirefighter現(xiàn)場急救人員；應(yīng)急反應(yīng)人員Firstresponderssuchasfirefightersoftenputothersbeforethemselveswhenenteringverydangerousareas.在進(jìn)入非常危險的區(qū)域時，像消防員這樣的應(yīng)急救援人員往往把他人的安危置于自身的安危之上。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1

★inthewordsofsb./insb.’swords:assb.saysorwrites用某人的話來說Michaelandhiseldersisterwenttotheconcert,andinthewordsofhissister,itwasanighttoremember.

邁克爾和他姐姐一起去了音樂會，用他姐姐的話來說，那是難忘的一夜。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1DetailedstudyofthetextHereafallenpoliceofficermeans“apoliceofficerwhohasbeenkilled”.NoteMeaning:The35-year-oldSergeantRyanRussellwasconsideredagoodmanandgoodpoliceman.Hebelieveddeeplythatitwashisdutytoprotectandservethepeople.InthecitycenterofToronto,Canada,allotheractivitiesstoppedwhenmorethan11,000policeofficersandotheremergencyrespondersmarchedseriouslythroughthestreetstoshowgreatrespectforhim.SectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1DetailedstudyofthetextNoteHere“goodmanandgoodcop”withthequotationmarksmeansthatthisiswhatotherpeoplehadsaidaboutSergeantRyanRussell.SectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1★

solemn:a.involvingseriousbehaviororseriousattitudes嚴(yán)肅的；鄭重的；莊嚴(yán)的Fromhissolemnexpression,weknewhewasdissatisfiedwiththeresults.

從他嚴(yán)肅的表情我們可以看出，他對結(jié)果不滿意。★

solemnly:ad.嚴(yán)肅地；鄭重地；莊嚴(yán)地“Iwilllovemycountryforever,”LiMingdeclaredsolemnly.“我將永遠(yuǎn)熱愛我的祖國?！崩蠲髑f嚴(yán)宣誓。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1★

commitment:

n.[C]apromisetodosth.ortobehaveinaparticularway承諾Wemadeacommitmenttokeepworkingtogether.我們承諾繼續(xù)合作。2)[U]thehardworkandloyaltythatsb.givestoanorganization,activity,etc.投入；忠誠；奉獻(xiàn)Sheisknownforhercommitmenttoequalpayforequalwork.她因致力于同工同酬運(yùn)動而聞名。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1DetailedstudyofthetextNoteAscanbeseenintheexamplesentencesabove,commitmentcanbefollowedbyeitheraninfinitive“todosth.”oraprepositionalphrase“tosb./sth.”.SectionBMeaning:Hetriedtostopadrunkdriverinastolensnowplowwithonlyhispolicecarandhiskindnessandwillingnesstohelpothers.新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1★

snowplow:

n.[C](BrE

snowplough)avehicleormachineforcleaningsnowfromroadsorrailways雪犁；掃雪機(jī)Detailedstudyofthetext

drunk,drunken1drunk和drunken都可用作形容詞，表示“醉的”。但是在用法上，兩個詞有所不同：drunk一般用作表語形容詞，而drunken通常用作定語形容詞。例如：Themanwassodrunkthathecouldbarelygethiswordsout.這名男子酩酊大醉，幾乎說不出話來。Acoupleofdrunkensoccerfanswerearguingwithapolicemanoutsidethestadium.幾名喝醉的足球迷正在體育場外與一名警察爭執(zhí)。SectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1DetailedstudyofthetextUsagenoteSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1DetailedstudyofthetextUsagenote2drunk還可用作名詞，表示“醉鬼；酒鬼；酗酒者”。例如：Drunkscanbeverydangerous,sobecarefularoundthem.喝醉酒的人會非常危險，所以在他們身邊時要小心。3drunkdriver是固定用法，主要用于美國英語，意思是“醉酒駕車者”，英國英語則用drinkdriver。類似的用法還有drunkdriving(AmE)/drinkdriving(BrE)，表示“醉酒駕車”。SectionBMeaning:Inthepast,thewordherowasusedparticularlytorefertothosewhoactedwithremarkablecourageanddidsomethingthatwasnottheirduty.新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1★

reservesth.forsb./sth.:keepsth.sothatitcanbeusedbyaparticularpersonorforaparticularpurpose（為某個人或某種用途）保留，留出Ifyougetthereearly,pleasereserveaseatforme.如果你到得早，請幫我留個位子。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1★

distinct:

a.1)(usu.beforenoun)definiteandobvious確實(shí)的；顯著的

Aftershereadthebook,therewasadistinctchangeinherattitudetowardstudying.讀了那本書之后，她對學(xué)習(xí)的態(tài)度有了明顯的轉(zhuǎn)變。

2)separateanddifferentinawaythatisclear有區(qū)別的；不同的；單獨(dú)的Theregion’smarriagecustomsarequitedistinctfromthoseoftherestofthecountry.該地區(qū)的婚姻習(xí)俗與該國其他地區(qū)的大不相同。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程13)abletobeclearlyseen,heard,smelt,ortasted清晰的；清楚的；明顯的Theoutlineoftheshipbecamemoredistinctwhenthesunrose.太陽升起時，船的輪廓變得更加清晰了。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1DetailedstudyofthetextNoteTheexpressionitusedtobethat…meansthatsth.happenedcontinuouslyorfrequentlyduringaperiodinthepast.Forexample:Itusedtobethathekeptveryquietinclass.Butnowheenjoysansweringtheteacher’squestionsanddiscussingwithhisclassmates.以前他上課時總是默不作聲，但是現(xiàn)在他喜歡回答老師的問題，以及和同學(xué)們一起討論。SectionBMeaning:Asoldierisregardedasaherowhenherunsinahailofbulletsorshellstosavethelifeofotherarmymembers.新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1★

military:

a.usedby,involving,orrelatingtothearmy,navy,orairforce軍用的；軍事的；軍隊的Itisnowamuseumofmilitaryhistory,butwasonceamilitarydefense.這里現(xiàn)在是一個軍事歷史博物館，但曾經(jīng)是一處軍事防御設(shè)施。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1★

personnel:n.[pl.]thepeoplewhoworkinacompany,organization,ormilitaryforce（公司、組織或軍隊中的）人員，員工，職員Thepersonnelresponsibleforprocessingalltheselettersshallstayuntilthejobisdone.負(fù)責(zé)處理所有這些信件的人員要留下來，直到工作結(jié)束。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:Thoseextraordinaryleaders,suchasNelsonMandela,arealsoregardedasheroes.Mandelamanagedtocomeoutofthedifficultsituationafterhehadbeenkeptaloneinaroominprisonfor27years.Hechosenottocomplainaboutthepast.Instead,asSouthAfrica’sfirstblackpresident,heworkedhardtobuildacountryinwhichpeoplecouldliveandworktogetherpeacefully,andhehelpeddifferentgroupsofpeopleinthecountrytosettlepastconflictsandbuildagoodrelationship.新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1★

larger-than-life:

a.usedaboutaperson,situation,story,etc.whichseemsmoreexcitingorinterestingthanordinarypeopleorsituations,withtheresultthattheydonotseemtobereal富傳奇色彩的；夸張的Tothechildren,thestarathletewhospokeattheschoolassemblywasalarger-than-lifehero.對孩子們來說，那個在全校大會上講話的體育明星是一位具有傳奇色彩的英雄。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1DetailedstudyofthetextCulturenotesNelsonMandela:NelsonMandela(1918-2013)wasthefirstblackpresidentofSouthAfrica,whowasinofficefrom1994to1999.Beforehebecamepresident,Mandelawasananti-apartheidactivist(反種族隔離活動家)andtheleaderofthearmedwingoftheAfricanNationalCongress(非洲國民大會).In1962hewasarrestedandsentencedtolifeimprisonmentin1964.Heserved27yearsinprison.OnFebruary11,1990,theSouthAfricangovernmentunderPresidentF.W.deKlerkreleasedMandelafromprison.SectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1DetailedstudyofthetextCulturenotesShortlyafterhisrelease,MandelaledhispartyinnegotiationswithdeKlerktoendapartheidandbroughtaboutapeacefultransitiontononracialdemocracyinSouthAfrica.AspresidentofSouthAfrica,hetriedhisbesttofightpovertyandinequality.In1993,NelsonMandelaandF.W.deKlerkwerejointlyawardedtheNobelPeacePrizefortheirworkinendingapartheid.SectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1★

jail:

n.[C,U]aplacewherepeopleareputaftertheyhavebeenarrestedorwherepeoplegoaspunishmentforacrime監(jiān)獄；看守所

Theydon’tthrowyouinjailforparkingillegally,buttheywilltowyourcarandchargeyouafine.他們不會因為你違章停車而將你送進(jìn)監(jiān)獄，可是他們會拖走你的車，還會罰款。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1★

confine:

vt.keepsb.inaplacethattheycannotleave,suchasaprison監(jiān)禁；禁閉Thecriminalwascaughtandconfinedtoprisonfortwoyears.那名罪犯被捕了，并在監(jiān)獄里關(guān)了兩年。

DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程12)keepsb.orsth.withinthelimitsofaparticularactivityorsubject把…局限于；把…限制于Althoughherpositionwasassistantmanager,herdutieswereconfinedtofilingreportsonconsumercomplaints.雖然她的職位是經(jīng)理助理，但是她的職責(zé)只限于把客戶的投訴報告進(jìn)行歸檔。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1★

solitary:

a.1)doingsth.withoutanyoneelsewithyou單獨(dú)的；無伴的

Shehasbeenverykindtothataging,solitaryneighbor.她對那個上了年紀(jì)的獨(dú)居鄰居一直很好。

2)(onlybeforenoun)usedtoemphasizethatthereisonlyoneofsth.單個的；唯一的Hestoodinfrontofthesmallhouseandsawasolitarylightburningdimlyinthelivingroom.他站在小屋前，看到客廳里有一盞孤燈發(fā)出昏暗的光。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1★

chamber:

n.[C]1)aroomusedforaspecialpurpose,esp.anunpleasantone作特殊用途的房間（尤指不好的用途）

Thedivingaccidentvictimhadtogointoachamberfortreatment.那位潛水事故的受害者不得不進(jìn)入治療艙進(jìn)行治療。2)alargeroominapublicbuilding,esp.oneusedformeetings大廳；（尤指）會議廳Thedebatefinishedandthemembersleftthechambershortlyafterward.辯論會結(jié)束后，成員們很快就離開了會議廳。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1★

establish:

vt.1)beginarelationshipwithsb.orasituationthatwillcontinue建立（關(guān)系或聯(lián)系）Theprogramaimstoestablishlinksbetweenhighereducationandcareeradvancement.該項目旨在建立高等教育與職業(yè)發(fā)展之間的聯(lián)系。

2)makesth.starttoexistorstarttohappen建立；創(chuàng)立；設(shè)立

Ourhealthresearchcenterwasestablishedoneyearago.我們的健康研究中心是一年前創(chuàng)建的。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1DetailedstudyofthetextCollocationnoteWecanestablishacompany/organization/school,etc.Wecanalsoestablishsomethingthatisabstract,suchasestablishharmony/confidence/innocence/fame/truth/trust/ahabit/atradition,etc.SectionB新視野大學(xué)英語（第四版）讀寫教程1★

harmony:

n.[U]asituation