高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題復(fù)習(xí)講義-名詞性從句

高中語(yǔ)法精講—名詞性從句了解這樣的從句前，我們先回憶下英語(yǔ)中常見(jiàn)的句子成分：主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)（再念叨一遍：理解英語(yǔ)中的句子成分對(duì)于長(zhǎng)難句的理解是很有用的，閱讀能力會(huì)進(jìn)步飛快）那么問(wèn)題來(lái)了：這些句子成分中，哪些可能是名詞呢？換句話說(shuō)，名詞能做哪些成分呢？主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)是名詞最中意的位置啦！如果把名詞改為句子，那不就是從句了嗎？有名詞性功能的句子我們就給個(gè)高大上的名字——名詞性從句：包括主語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句來(lái)看個(gè)句子：Playingfootballisinteresting.這里動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)。那按剛才說(shuō)的，名詞改為句子：Thatweplayfootballtogetherisinteresting.that引導(dǎo)的從句thatweplayfootballtogether在句子中是整個(gè)作了主語(yǔ)，所以這句就是主語(yǔ)從句一、名詞性從句1、名詞性從句中的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)（1）that的用法。①主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句中用that但不能省略。如：ThattheyaregoodatEnglishisknowntousall.Theproblemisthatwedon’thaveenoughmoney.SheexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaoneday.②賓語(yǔ)從句中的連接詞that有時(shí)可省有時(shí)又不可省，在以下幾種情況中that不能省略：（A）當(dāng)that從句和主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間有插入詞語(yǔ)或者從句主語(yǔ)之間有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)，that不可省略；（B）當(dāng)that從句與另一名詞性從句并列作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，that不能??；（C）當(dāng)that作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，that不可省掉。如：Hejudgedthat,becausehewasachild,hedidnotunderstandwineEveryoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.③that從句作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以用it來(lái)替換成以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)。(A)Itisclear/certain/likely/true/surprisingthat…（B）Itisapity/shame/goodidea/nowonderthat...（C）Itissaid/reported/believed/known/thought/suggestedthat…（D）Itseems/happensthat。如：IthappenedthatIwentoutlastnight.ItissaidthatChinawillwinintheWorldCup.④that和what的區(qū)別。that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，在主從句中不以當(dāng)任何句子成分，也沒(méi)有任何含義；而what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，在主從句中都要充當(dāng)一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定語(yǔ)從句中的先行詞+關(guān)系代詞即常說(shuō)的先行詞+that。如：It’sshamethathehasmadesuchamistake.Dowhathesays.⑤同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句中that的區(qū)別。同位語(yǔ)從句中的連詞that只起連接作用，在從句中不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何句子成分；而定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系代詞that在句中做賓語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)與先行詞有修飾關(guān)系。如果句子是同位語(yǔ)從句，就應(yīng)用連詞that而不能用which.同位語(yǔ)從句一般放在表具體含義的名詞后解釋名詞的含義或內(nèi)容，如以下名詞：news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea等，而定語(yǔ)從句只是對(duì)先行詞的限定和修飾。如：TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.(同位語(yǔ)從句)ThehopesheexpressedisthattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.（定語(yǔ)從句）（2）whether和if的用法。①whether和if在賓語(yǔ)從句中可以互換，但是作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)連接詞一般用whether。如：Italldependsonwhethertheywillcomeback.②后面直接跟ornot時(shí)用whether。如：Ididn’tknowwhetherornothehadarrivedinWuhan.③主語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句中只能用whether。如：Whetherthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.Thequestioniswhethertheyhavesomuchmoney.④whether可以引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，用以說(shuō)明前面的名詞的內(nèi)容，if不能。如：Weoughttodiscusscarefullythequestionwhetherwecandoitornot.⑤whether常與or連用表示一種選擇，if不能這樣用；whether也可與動(dòng)詞不定式連用但if不能。如：Thequestionofwhethertheyaremaleorfemaleisnotimpor-tant.Ihavenotdecidedwhethertogoornot.⑥間接引語(yǔ)位于句首時(shí)或者是間接引語(yǔ)提前時(shí)用whether不用if。如：Thankyou,butwhetherI’llbefreeI’mnotsureatthemoment.⑦whether可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句表示“不管”、“無(wú)論”，而if不能。如：Whetherhecomesornot,wewillbeginourpartyontime.（3）疑問(wèn)詞+ever和nomatter+疑問(wèn)詞的區(qū)別。①疑問(wèn)詞+ever可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，在主從句中要充當(dāng)一定的部分。如：Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.Youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop.②疑問(wèn)詞+ever還可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。如：Whoeverbreakstherule,hemustbepunished,Whateveryoudo,youmustdoitwell.③nomatter+疑問(wèn)詞只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。如：Nomatterwhatyoudo,youmustdoitwell.Nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepunished.（4）when和where引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。when和where前面的名詞若是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)的名詞，則when和where引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句，否則則為同位語(yǔ)從句。如：Theyputforwardthequestionwheretheycouldgetthemoney.Thisistheplacewheretheaccidenthappened.2、名詞性從句中主句和從句的時(shí)態(tài)一致（1）賓語(yǔ)從句中主句和從句的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，但如果從句中表示提示的是客觀現(xiàn)象，雖然主句是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：Hello,Ididn’tknowyouwereinLondon.Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsataveryhighspeed.（2）主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于單數(shù)第三人稱作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，如果由and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；由兩個(gè)或多個(gè)連接詞引導(dǎo)一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：Whenthemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecidedyet.Whentheywillstartandwheretheygohavenotbeendecidedyet.Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecided.3、名詞性從句的詞序名詞性從句在句中要用陳述句語(yǔ)序。如：Heaskedmewhatwasthematterwithme.We’veheardthenewsthatwe’llmoveintothenewhouse.Whateveryousaywillinterestusall.精典名題導(dǎo)解選擇填空1.Acomputercanonlydo________youhaveinstructedittodo.A.howB.afterC.whatD.when2.—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek..—Isthat_________youhadafewdaysoff?3.Ihate__________whenpeopetalkwiththeirmouthsfull.A.itB.thatC.theseD.them4.IthinkFatherwouldliketoknowI’vebeenuptosofar,soIdecidetosendhimaquicknote.A.whichB.whyC.whatD.how5.Wecannotfigureoutquiteanumberofinsects,birds,andanimalsaredyingout.A.thatB.asC.whyD.when6.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,ourastronautsdesiredoiswalkinspace.A.whereB.whatC.thatD.how100題練習(xí)1.Hissuccesswasbecauseof________hehadbeenworkinghard.A.that B.thefactwhich C.thefactthat D.thefact2.“IsMaryfromNewYorkCity”“Idon'tknow_______.”A.fromwhatcitydoesshecomefrom B.fromwhatcityshecomeC.whatcitydoesshecomefrom D.whatcityshecomesfrom3.________makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.What B.That C.Whoever D.Whatever4.ThereasonwhyIdidn'tgotoShanghaiwas________anewjob.A.becauseIgot B.becauseofgetting C.Igot D.thatIgot5.Itworriedherabit____herhairwasturninggrey.A.while B.that C.if D.for6.Henrykilledthedog.I'llaskhimwhy________.A.didhedothat B.hedidthat C.hedid D.hehasdoneso7.HaveyouseenHenrylatelyMybosswantstoknow________.A.howheisgettingalong B.howishegettingalongC.whatheisgettingalong D.whatishegettingalong8.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild____heorshewants.A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever9.Heaskedme________withme.A.whatisthetrouble B.whatwrongwasC.whatwasthematter D.whattroubleitis10.Iamsure________hesaidistrue.A.that B.aboutthat C.ofthat D.thatwhat11.Whenandwhyhecamehere________yet.A.isnotknown B.arenotknown C.hasnotknown D.havenotbee12.Iwonderhowmuch________.A.doesthewatchcost B.didthewatchcostC.thewatchcosted D.thewatchcosts13.Maryis________someonemightrecognizeher.A.afraidof B.afraidabout C.afraidthat D.afraidfor14.________isnoreasonfordismissingher.A.Becauseshewasafewminuteslate B.OwingtoafewminuteslateC.Thefactthatshewasafewminuteslate D.Beingafewminuteslate15.Theycametotheconclusion________byacomputer.A.thatnotallthingscanbedone B.becauseofnotallthingsbedoneC.beingnotallthingscanbedone D.becausenotallthingscanbedone16.Whytheexplosionoccurredwas________thelaboratoryattendanthadbeencareless.A.for B.because C.since D.that17.Idon'tdoubt________he'llcome.A.that B.if C.what D.whether18.—“Whydidyougotothewrongclass,Mr.Wang”—“Well,Iforget_______Iwassupposedtogoto.”A.whichtheroom B.whichroom C.whatwastheroom D.whatroomwasit19.Outputisnowsixtimes________itwasbeforeliberation.A.that B.which C.what D.ofwhich20.Mary:Helenisamerewasherwoman,yetshe'snowbuyingabighouse.Carol:Yes.Becauseshe'salwayssaved________.A.whatlittlesheearns B.howlittlesheearnsC.forlittlesheearns D.withlittlesheearns21.______surprisedmemostwas______suchalittleboyofsevencouldplaytheviolinsowell.A.That…what B.What…that C.That…which D.What…which22.Wegavehim________helpwecould.A.which B.what C.that D.this23.Sheispleasedwithwhatyouhavegivenhimand________youhavetoldhim.A.that B.which C.allwhat D.allthat24.Excusemewouldyoupleasetellme________A.whenthesportsmeetistakenplace B.whenisthesportsmeetgoingtobeheldC.whenisthesportsmeettobegin D.whenthesportsmeetistotakeplace25.Doyouhappentoknow________A.whatsizeshoeshewears B.howbigshoeshewearsC.whatisthesizeofhisshoes D.whatnumbershoesarehis26.Thisbookwillshowyou________canbeusedinothercontexts.A.howyouhaveobserved B.howwhatyouhaveobservedC.thatyouhaveobserved D.howthatyouhaveobserved27.Wheredoyouthink________A.hashegone B.hashebeen C.he'sgone D.washe28.Doyouknow________A.howmanypopulationsthereareintheworldB.howmuchpopulationthereisintheworldC.howmanythepopulationoftheworldisD.whatthepopulationoftheworldis29.Wouldyougoandsee________outsideA.whattotakeplace B.whatTomhashappenedC.whatishappening D.whatthematterhadbeen30.Thesubjectof"WhatisinterestingisthatIdonotevenknowhim."is_______.A.what B.interesting C.Whatisinteresting D.I31.________IthinkheisCharles.A.Whodoyouthinkheis B.DoyouthinkwhoheisC.Whomdoyouthinkheis D.Doyouthinkwhoheis32.Hedidn'tknowwhichroom________.A.theylived B.theylivedin C.didtheylive D.didtheylivein33.Thelittleboyate________hismothergavehim.A.that B.which C.whatever D.nomatterwhat34.Thecityisnolonger________.A.whatitis B.thatitusedtobe C.whichitwas D.whatitusedtobe35.Myparentsused________theyhadtogetanewcarforme.A.which B.that C.what D.allwhat36.________wegoswimmingeveryday________usalotofgood.A.If…do B.That…do C.If…does D.That…does37.________wastheidea_______thewifethoughtofA.What…that B.That…what C.How…why D.Why…h(huán)ow38._______didhetellhiswife________hewishedtodoA.That…what B.What…that C.Where…which D.Which…where39.Oneofthemenheldtheview________thebooksaidwasright.A.whatthat B.thatwhat C.thatwhich D.whichthat40.Ihavenoidea________ornothehasfinishedthework.A.if B.that C.whether D.which41.—“Doyouknow________” —“Hisfatherisadoctor.”A.whatishisfather B.whoishisfatherC.whathisfatheris D.whohisfatheris42.Isthis________wemeteachothertwoyearsagoA.place B.placeinwhich C.where D.placewhich43.It________Bobdrivesbadly.A.thinksthat B.isthoughtwhat C.thoughtthat D.isthoughtthat44.Weallknowthetruth________thereareair,waterandsunlighttherearelivingthings.A.where B.wherever C.that D.thatwherever45.Theydiscussed________theycouldsettletheproblemwithoutothers'help.A.if B.that C.what D.whether46.Sheasked________.A.whatIwasdoingwhensherangmeup B.whatwasIdoingwhensherangmeupC.whensherangmeupwhatIwasdoing D.whendidsheringmeupwhatIwasdoing47.—MayIborrowthering—Youcantake_______youlike.A.nomatterwhat B.which C.whichever D.that48.Hesaidthathewasfondof________.A.whatbeautifulis B.whatisbeautifulC.beautifuliswhat D.whatitisbeautiful49.Heinsistedthathe________ingoodhealthand_______toworkthere.A.was,besent B.is,issent C.be,wassent D.be,send50.Doyouknow________heexpectswillgiveusatalkA.who B.whom C.that D.whose51.It'suncertain________theexperimentisworthdoing.A.if B.that C.whether D.how52.Theywouldhavefixedthetelephoneyesterday_________itwasaholiday.A.except B.exceptfor C.exceptthat D.butfor53.________istodogoodallone'slifeandneverdoanythingbad.A.Whicheverishard B.NomatterwhatishardC.Whatishard D.Allwhatishard54.________theboydidn'ttakemedicinemadehismotherangry.A.That B.What C.How D.Which55.Asthedaywasfine,Imadethesuggestion________forawalkinthepark.A.wego B.wewillgo C.shouldwego D.thatwego56.____wecan'tgetseemsbetterthan____wehave.A.What,what B.What,that C.That,that D.That,what57.____youdon'tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.What B.Who C.That D.Whether58.Youcan'timagine____whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.A.howtheywereexcited B.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedwerethey D.theywerehowexcited59.____we'llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where60.________hereallymeansis________hedisagreeswithus.A.What…that B.That…what C.Why…that D.If…what61._________isgoingtodothejobwillbedecidedbythePartycommittee.A.That B.Why C.How D.Who62._______we'llfinishtranslatingthebookdependsonthetime.A.When B.Why C.What D.That63._______thehousewillbebuiltwillbediscussedattomorrow'smeeting.A.If B.Where C.That D.What64._______hewon'tgothereiscleartoallofus.A.How B.What C.Why D.This65._______youcomeornotisuptoyou.A.What B.If C.Why D.Whether66._______makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.Who B.Anyone C.Whoever D.Anybody67._______teamwillwinthematchisamatterofpublicconcern.A.Which B.That C.If D.How68.Threedayslater,wordcame________ourcountryhadsentupanotherman-madesatellite.A.which B.when C.that D.where69.Theproblemis________willgotothemeeting.A.why B.when C.what D.who70.Itlooks_______itweregoingtorain.A.evenif B.asif C.eventhough D.like71.Thatis_______helikestheplacesomuch.A.that B.what C.why D.how72.Thatis______LuXunoncelived.A.what B.where C.that D.why73.Wethought_______strangethatTomdidnotcomeyesterday.A.that B.it C.this D.what74.Thefact_______shehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedallofus.A.which B.what C.that D.how75.WhatI'mconsideringnow_________themoneyweneed.A.is B.are C.were D.was76.Canyoutellme__________A.whoisthatgentleman B.thatgentlemaniswhoC.whothatgentlemanis D.whomisthatgentleman77.________leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.A.Anyone B.Theperson C.Whoever D.Who78.Itiswellknown_________apersoneatscauseschangesinthebody.A.thatwhat,when,andhow B.thatC.what D.how79.Theenergyis________makesthecellsabletodotheirwork.A.that B.which C.what D.such80.Jackwassoontold________hedidwasnotnecessary.A.why B.that C.how D.whywhat81.Weshouldthinkcarefullyabout________Mr.Needhamsaidatthemeeting.A.that B.what C.which D.X82.Canyoupointout________tworadiosarethebestA.which B.what C.that D.whether83.Youwilleasilyknow________videorecorders(錄相機(jī))arethesame.A.whatthose B.thatofthose C.thatallof D.whichofthose84.________youhaveseenthingslikethesebeforedoesn'tmatter.A.If B.Whether C.What D.When85.IaskedherinEnglish________shewas,andshetoldme________shewasanactress.A.who…that B.who…X C.what…X D.how…that86.Shetookitforgranted________I'dbebackhomeanhourago.A.that B.whether C.if D.when87.Wethinkitpossible________thelocalgovernmentwillbeabletosolvethehousingproblem.A.for B.that C.when D.how88.Nowthereisadanger________thegroundmayfallin(沉下)undertheheavytraffic.A.whether B.if C.X D.that89.AtthattimeIhadnoidea________Icouldhandittohimwithoutbeingseen.A.if B.how C.which D.thathow90.LastSundayhepromised________today,buthehasn'tappearedyet.A.thathewouldcome B.thathewillcomeC.hewillcometoseeme D.whetherhewouldcome91.LastSundayhemadeapromise________hewasfreehewouldtakeme