新高考英語二輪復習題型歸納與變式演練專題10 閱讀理解之猜詞題（解析版）

專題10閱讀理解之猜詞題（解析版）猜詞悟義是應用英語的重要能力，也是高考閱讀理解中必考的題型。它不但需要準確無誤地理解上下文，而且要有較大的泛讀量，掌握或認識較多的課外詞匯。同時，考生應掌握一些猜詞技巧，通過定義、同位、對比、因果、常識、同義、反義、構(gòu)詞、常識及上下文線索等確定詞義。一、思維導圖二、方法點撥 1.設(shè)問方式Theunderlinedword“…”refersto/(probably)means.“…”asusedinthepassagecanbestbedefinedas…Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“…”standsfor?Whatdoestheunderlinedword“…”refertointhelastparagraph?Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceoftheword“…”?Theunderlinedword“…”couldbestbereplacedby…Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningtotheword“…”?Whatdoestheauthormeanby“…”inparagraph2? 2.七大技巧1.根據(jù)定義或上下文解釋進行猜測有時短文中出現(xiàn)一個需要猜測其意義的詞或短語，下面接著出現(xiàn)其定義或解釋。標點符號，如逗號后的解釋(名詞同位語)、破折號后的解釋、括號內(nèi)的解釋等。這都是判斷該詞或短語意義的主要依據(jù)。例如：例子1Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.29．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinparagraph2?A．Complex. B．Advanced.C．Powerful. D．Modern.[分析]根據(jù)畫線詞所在句子可知，人類社會發(fā)展的很多因素導致許多語言消失，而逐漸被英語、西班牙語、漢語等語言取代，畫線詞前后的解釋暗示了這些語言逐漸占主導地位，故選C項powerful(強大的，有影響力的)?！菊骖}小練】(浙江2019.6閱讀理解B）Moneywithnostringsattached.It’snotsomethingyouseeeveryday.ButatUnionStationinLosAngeleslastmonth,aboardwentupwithdollarbillsattachedtoitwithpinsandasignthatread,"GiveWhatYouCan,TakeWhatYouNeed."()Whatdoestheexpression"moneywithnostringsattached"inparagraph1mean?A.Moneyspentwithouthesitation.B.Moneynotlegallymade.C.Moneyofferedwithoutconditions.D.Moneynottiedtogether.2.根據(jù)同位關(guān)系進行猜測閱讀中出現(xiàn)的難詞有時后面緊跟一個同位語，對前面的詞進行解釋，因此可利用同位關(guān)系對前面的詞義或句意進行猜測。例如：例子2IamPeterHodes,avolunteerstemcellcourier.SinceMarch2012,I'vedone89trips—ofthose,51havebeenabroad.Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells(干細胞)inmylittleboxbecauseI'vegottwoicepacksandthat'showlongtheylast.Inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor(捐獻者)tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient,we'vegot72hoursatmost.SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.29．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“courier”inParagraph1?A．provider B．deliverymanC．collector D．medicaldoctor[分析]“avolunteerstemcellcourier”是“PeterHodes”的同位語；根據(jù)文中“Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells(干細胞)inmylittlebox”可知，PeterHodes的任務就是將捐獻者捐獻的干細胞運送給需要的病人，即作者是干細胞遞送員。故選擇B項。3.根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法(前綴、后綴、派生等)進行猜測在英語中，有很多詞可以通過增加前綴和后綴的方式，構(gòu)成新詞。乍看起來，這個詞可能是新詞，但在掌握了一定的構(gòu)詞知識之后，就不難猜出它的詞義。例如：①“Ourpartiesareaimedforchildren2to10，”Anacleriosaid,“andthey'reveryinteractiveandcreativeinthattheybuiltasenseofdramabasedonasubject.”文中interactive是由前綴inter-(相互的)和active(活動的，活躍的)構(gòu)成的，同時根據(jù)上下文的意思可以判斷，該詞的含義應是“互動的”。②Perhaps,wecanseesomepossibilitiesfornextfiftyyears.Butthenexthundred?possibility是possible的同根名詞，據(jù)此可以判斷possibility的意思是“可能性”。例子3Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness,uneasiness,_orworry.[分析]根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法知識我們可知，un-為否定前綴，-ness為名詞后綴，easy(舒適)為詞根。因此，我們可猜測uneasiness為“不安；擔憂”之意。(全國II2014閱讀理解A）Myhusbandrushedtotheirhometofindakindfamilyholdingallpapersanddocuments.Theiryoungdaughterhadgonetothetrashcanandfoundapileofunfamiliarpapers...Atlasttheyhadseenahalf-writtenletterinthepileinwhichmyhusbandhadgivenhisnewtelephonenumbertoafriend.Thatfamilynotonlyreturnedtheimportantdocumentstousthatday,butalsorestoredourfaithandtrustinpeople.Westillremembertheirkindnessandoftensendawarmwishtheirway.()Whatdoestheunderlinedword“restored”inthelastparagraphmean?showed.B.sentout.C.delivered.D.gaveback4.根據(jù)因果關(guān)系進行猜測在一篇閱讀文章中，根據(jù)原因可以預測結(jié)果，根據(jù)結(jié)果也可以找出原因。例如：例子4Ifyouhavea_juicer,_youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa“softserve”creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachildren'sparty;theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.26．Whatis“ajuicer”inthelastparagraph?A．Adessert. B．Adrink.C．Acontainer. D．Amachine.[分析]該段第一句含有一個if引導的條件狀語從句，若滿足該條件，則產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果是第一句的后半句和第二句，“youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa‘soft-serve’creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.”即“將冰凍香蕉和其他莓類、水果片放進去，出來的是奶油狀甜品”。由此因果關(guān)系可推知juicer指的是榨汁機。故選擇D項。5.根據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系進行猜測文章中的代詞it,that,he,him或them可以指代上文提到的人或物，其中it和that還可以指代一件事。有時代詞指代的對象相隔較遠，要認真查找；有時也需要對前面提到的內(nèi)容進行總結(jié)，才能得出代詞所指代的事物。例如：例子5[2]Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU．S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.[3]It'sJasonMoran'sjobtohelpchangethat.AstheKennedyCenter'sartisticadviserforjazz,Moranhopestowidentheaudienceforjazz,makethemusicmoreaccessible,andpreserveitshistoryandculture.…29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph3referto?A．Jazzbecomingmoreaccessible.B．Theproductionofjazzgrowingfaster.C．Jazzbeinglesspopularwiththeyoung.D．Thejazzaudiencebecominglarger.[分析]根據(jù)語境可知，畫線詞that指代第二段“Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU．S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.”的內(nèi)容，即爵士樂聽眾的數(shù)量減少并且趨于老齡化，不受年輕人喜歡的現(xiàn)狀。故選C。6.根據(jù)同義或近義關(guān)系進行猜測在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者為了避免語言的單調(diào)、重復，有時會使用意思相同或相近的詞。因此，考生只要讀懂上下文，知道其中一個詞的意思，就能猜出另外一個詞的意思。[例](2018·全國卷Ⅲ閱讀D節(jié)選)Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Whydoweoftenassumethatmore_is_morewhenitcomestokidsandtheirbelongings?ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.例子6…32．Whatdothewords“moreismore”inparagraph1probablymean?A．Themore,thebetter.B．Enoughisenough.C．Moremoney,moreworries.D．Earnmoreandspendmore.[分析]根據(jù)該段第一句“Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.”可知，作者認為成年人都理解物質(zhì)過剩的那種感覺，后面又用反問句提出了問題：但是，說到孩子們和他們的物品，我們?yōu)槭裁赐ǔＳ终J定moreismore呢？由此推知，這里的moreismore與前面的floodedwith為近義呼應，指“越多越好”。故選A。7.根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系進行猜測根據(jù)上下句的連接詞，如but,however,otherwise等可以推斷上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，從而可以依據(jù)某一句的含義，來確定另一句的含義。另外，分號也可以表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對比或不相干的意義。例如：①Achild'sbirthdaypartydoesn'thavetobeahassle;_itcanbeabasketoffun.從分號前后兩句的意思可以看出，hassle和abasketoffun是相反的意義，所以不難判斷hassle的意思是“困難，麻煩”。②Sheisusuallypromptforallherclass,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.but一詞表示轉(zhuǎn)折，因此but前后的意思正好相反。根據(jù)后半句的意思“她今天第一節(jié)課上了一半才來”，可得出她平時一向“準時”的結(jié)論。③TheplayersintheWorldCupareprofessionals,whilethosewhoplayintheOlympicsmustbeamateurs.由于轉(zhuǎn)折詞“while”引導的兩個分句前后意義相反，我們可推測出amateurs是professionals(專業(yè)人士)的反義詞，意思為“業(yè)余人士，業(yè)余選手”。例子7…GraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalUnitedStates,buttheyweregraduallydisplacedbyhumandevelopment.Bythe1920s,wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstonearea.TheywentfarthernorthintothedeepforestsofCanada,wheretherewerefewerhumansaround.…29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“displaced”inparagraph2mean?A．Tested. B．Separated.C．Forcedout. D．Trackeddown.[分析]畫線詞的前句說明在黃石公園和美洲大部分地區(qū)曾有許多的灰狼，連詞but轉(zhuǎn)折了句子意義，后來由于人類的發(fā)展，灰狼數(shù)量逐漸減少，幾乎消失，由此可推斷出畫線詞的意思為“被迫離開”，故選擇C項。三、高考真題2022年6月新高考1卷C篇WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.”LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:“Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.”30.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkon”meaninparagraph7?A.Improve. B.Oppose. C.Begin. D.Evaluate.【答案】28.D29.B30.C31.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。主要講述了旨在減少孤獨，改善老年人的健康狀況的項目?！?0題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.(居民們非常歡迎該項目的想法和創(chuàng)意會議。我們期待這個項目能給這里的人們帶來好處和樂趣)”以及劃線處前的“oneofthefirst(第一批人之一)”可知WendyWilson是著手這項工程的人之一，劃線處的含義與C項：“Begin(開始)”含義相近。故選C。2022年6月全國甲卷C篇AsGinniBazlintonreachedAntarctica,shefoundherselfgreetedbyagroupoflittleGentoopenguins(企鵝)longingtosayhello.Thesegentle,lovelygatekeeperswelcomedherandkick-startedwhatwastobeatripGinniwouldneverforget.Eversinceherchildhood,Ginni,now71,hashadadeeplovefortravel.Throughouthercareer(職業(yè))asaprofessionaldancer,shetouredintheUK,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther.Whensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest,shedecideditwastimetotaketheplunge.28.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“taketheplunge”underlinedinparagraph2?A.Trychallengingthings. B.Takeadegree.C.Bringbacklostmemories. D.Sticktoapromise.【答案】28.A【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了71歲的GinniBalinton從小就對旅行有著深深的熱愛，渴望探險，不再跳舞和孩子們成家立業(yè)之后，她開始周游世界，并在2008年開始了前往南極洲的旅程。【28題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段劃線詞前文“Throughouthercareer(職業(yè))asaprofessionaldancer,shetouredintheUK,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther.(在她的職業(yè)舞蹈演員生涯中，她曾在英國巡演，但一直渴望進一步探索)”和“Whensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest(當她不再跳舞，她的兒子們最終獨立生活)”可知，Ginni在退休和兒子們成家立業(yè)之后，她決定嘗試有挑戰(zhàn)性的事情。由此推知，劃線詞組taketheplunge與trychallengingthings“嘗試有挑戰(zhàn)性的事情”意思接近。故選A。2022年6月全國乙卷C篇Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews’efforts.29.Whatdoes“maintenance”underlinedinparagraph3referto?A.Personnelsafety. B.Assistancefromdrones.C.Inspectionandrepair. D.Constructionofinfrastructure.【答案】29.C【解析】本文是一篇說明文。應用今天的“空中之眼”的技術(shù)，無人機能在保證鐵路安全可靠的同時又能幫助鐵路運營商每年節(jié)省數(shù)十億歐元。【29題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)后文“ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.(據(jù)統(tǒng)計，僅歐洲鐵路公司每年在鐵路維護上的花費就約為200億歐元，其中包括經(jīng)常在夜間派遣維修人員檢查和維修鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)”可知花在maintenance上的費用是用于“inspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure（檢查和維修鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施”，由此可知“Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety”是指大幅節(jié)省檢修成本和更好地保護鐵路人員安全，劃線詞和C項：Inspectionandrepair(檢修)含義相近。故選C。2022年6月北京卷D篇Asquantumcomputingattractsmoreattentionandfunding,researchersmaymisleadinvestors,journalists,thepublicand,worstofall,themselvesabouttheirwork’spotential.Ifresearcherscan’tkeeptheirpromises,excitementmightgivewaytodoubt,disappointmentandanger,Johnsonwarns.Lotsofothertechnologieshavegonethroughstagesofexcitement.Butsomethingaboutquantumcomputingmakesitespeciallypronetohype,Johnsonsuggests,perhapsbecause“‘quantum’standsforsomethingcoolyoushouldn’tbeabletounderstand.”AndthatbringsmebacktoTaylor,whosuggestedthatIreadhisbookQforQuantum.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prone”inParagraph3mostprobablymean?A.Open.B.Cool.C.Useful.D.Resistant.【答案33.A【解題導語】本文是一篇議論文。主要論述了“量子計算真的會像它的宣傳那樣成功嗎？”，計算機科學家克里斯·約翰遜和物理學家菲利普·泰勒分別闡明了自己的觀點。33.【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三自然段“Butsomethingaboutquantumcomputingmakesitespeciallypronetohype,Johnsonsuggests,perhapsbecause“‘quantum’standsforsomethingcoolyoushouldn’tbeabletounderstand.”（但約翰遜表明，量子計算的某些方面使得它特別prone被炒作，可能是因為“量子”代表了一些你不應該理解的酷東西?！保笨芍揪渲泻幸粋€原因狀語從句，因為““量子”代表了一些你不應該理解的酷東西”，所以它特別容易被炒作。故prone意為“易于……的”。A.Open.開放的；易受損害的；B.Cool.酷的；C.Useful.有用的；D.Resistant.有抵抗力的。故選A。2022年6月浙江卷CHowlongwestayontheclockandhowwespendthattimeareundercarefulexaminationinmanyworkplaces.Theyoungbankerwhoeatslunchathisdeskisprobablyseenasago-getter,whilehiscolleagueswhochatoverarelaxedconference-roommealgetdirtylooksfromthecorneroffice.“Peoplefromculturesthatvaluerelationshipsmorethanoursdoesareshockedbythethoughtofeatingaloneinfrontofacomputer”,saysArtMarkman,aprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofTexas,Austin.Socialinteractionhasbeenshowntoliftmood(情緒)andgetpeoplethinkinginnewdirectionsandinwaysthatcouldhelpimproveanypost-luncheffort.9.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Agoodthinkerisabletoinspireotherpeople.B.Experienceunrelatedtoyourjobisuseless.C.Acheerfulmoodhelpsmakeacreativemind.D.Focusingonwhatyoudoraisesproductivity.【答案】9.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了許多人認為工作到最大限度是成功的秘訣，但研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，適度的工作也會帶來成果。所以要適度工作，工作時要有積極的情緒，這會讓自己在工作中更有效率?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞下文“whilehiscolleagueswhochatoverarelaxedconference-roommealgetdirtylooksfromthecorneroffice.(而他那些在會議室吃飯時閑聊的同事們則在角落辦公室里得到不屑的目光。)”可知，while前后是對比關(guān)系，那些在會議室吃飯時閑聊的同事會得到別人不屑的目光，即被認為不努力工作，相反，那些在辦公桌前吃午飯的年輕銀行家可能被視為是一個努力工作以求成功的人，由此可知，劃線單詞go-getter，指的是那些努力工作以求成功的人，故選B。2022年1月浙江卷AFornearlyadecadenow,Merebethhasbeenaself-employedpettransportspecialist.Herpettransportjobwasbornofthefinancialcrisis（危機）inthelate2000s．Thedownturnhittherealestate（房地產(chǎn)）firmwhereshehadworkedfortenyearsasanofficemanager.Thefirmwentbrokeandleftherlookingforanewjob.Oneday,whiledrivingnearherhome,shesawadogwanderingontheroad,clearlylost.Shetookithome,andhersisterinDenveragreedtotakeit.Thiswasalovinghomeforsure,but1,600milesaway.Itdidn’ttakelongforMerebethtodecidetodrivethedogthereherself.Itwasherfirstroadtriptohernewjob.Merebeth'spetdeliveryservicesatisfiesher

wanderlust.IthastakenhertoeverystateintheUSexceptMontana,WashingtonandOregon,shesaysproudly.Ifshewantstovisitanewplace,shewillsimplyfindapetwithtransportneedsthere.Shetravelsinallweathers.Shehasdriventhrough55mphwindsinWyoming,heavyfloodingandstormsinAlabamaandtotalwhiteoutconditionsinKansas.22.Theword“wanderlust"inparagraph2meansadesireto?A.makemoney.

B.tryvariousjobs.C.beclosetonature.

D.traveltodifferentplaces.【答案】22.D【解析】：本文是一篇記敘文，主要敘述了Merebeth由于公司破產(chǎn)失業(yè)后，在機緣巧合下成為寵物運送員，不僅幫助了動物，而且收獲了旅行帶來的精神自由。第22題猜測詞義題。根據(jù)第一段IthastakenhertoeverystateintheUSexceptMontana,WashingtonandOregon,shesaysproudly.

意思為：她很驕傲的說,這個工作帶她到了全美國除蒙大拿,華盛頓,俄勒岡以外的所有的州?？芍?，她很喜歡到不同的地方旅行。以及第二段：This

wanderlust

isinheritedfromherfather,shesays.HemovedtheirfamilyfromCanadatoCaliforniawhenshewasoneyearold,becausehewantedthemtoexploreanewplacetogether.

遺傳自她的父親也喜歡探索新地方。故答案選D。2021年6月北京卷CHundredsofscientists,writersandacademicssoundedawarningtohumanityinanopenletterpublishedlastDecember:Policymakersandtherestofusmustengageopenlywiththeriskofglobalcollapse.Researchersinmanyareashaveprojectedthewidespreadcollapseas"acrediblescenario（情景）thiscentury".Asurveyofscientistsfoundthatextremeweatherevents,foodinsecurity,andfreshwatershortagesmightcreateglobalcollapse.Ofcourse,ifyouareanon-humanspecies,collapseiswellunderway.Thecallforpublicengagementwiththeunthinkableisespecially

germane

inthismomentofstill-uncontrolledpandemicandeconomiccrisesintheworld'smosttechnologicallyadvancednations.Notverylongago,itwasalsounthinkablethataviruswouldshutdownnationsandthatsafetynetswouldbeprovensodisastrouslylackinginflexibility.Theinternationalscholars'warningletterdoesn'tsayexactlywhatcollapsewilllooklikeorwhenitmighthappen.Collapseology,thestudyofcollapse,ismoreconcernedwithidentifyingtrendsandwiththemthedangersofeverydaycivilization.Amongthesignatories（簽署者）ofthewarningwasBobJohnson,theoriginatorofthe"ecologicalfootprint"concept,whichmeasuresthetotalamountofenvironmentalinputneededtomaintainagivenlifestyle.Withthecurrentfootprintofhumanity,"itseemsthatglobalcollapseiscertaintohappeninsomeform,possiblywithinadecade,certainlywithinthiscentury,"Johnsonsaidinanemail.Onlyifwediscusstheconsequencesofourbiophysicallimits,theDecemberwarninglettersays,canwehavethehopetoreducetheir"speed,severityandharm".Andyetmessengersofthecomingdisturbancearelikelytobeignored.Weallwanttohopethingswillturnoutfine.Asapoetwrote,Manisavictimofdope（麻醉品）Intheincurableformofhope.Thehundredsofscholarswhosignedtheletterareintent（執(zhí)著）onquietinghopethatignorespreparedness."Let'slookdirectlyintotheissueofcollapse,"theysay,"anddealwiththeterriblepossibilitiesofwhatweseetheretomakethebestofatroublingfuture."1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"germane"inParagraph3probablymean?A.Scientific.B.Credible.C.Original.D.Relevant.2.Asforthepublicawarenessofglobalcollapse,theauthoris

.A.worriedB.puzzledC.surprisedD.scared答案1D2A3B解析：本文介紹了在這個世界上技術(shù)最先進的國家仍然無法控制的流行病和經(jīng)濟危機的時刻，呼吁公眾參與不可思議的事情顯得尤為密切相關(guān)。作者同時也表達了對全球崩潰的認識的擔憂。1.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)原文第三段"Thecallforpublicengagementwiththeunthinkableisespeciallygermaneinthismomentofstill-uncontrolledpandemicandeconomiccrisesintheworld'smosttechnologicallyadvancednations."在這個世界上技術(shù)最先進的國家仍然無法控制的流行病和經(jīng)濟危機的時刻，呼吁公眾參與不可思議的事情顯得尤為密切相關(guān)?？芍?段中帶下劃線的單詞"germane"可能是"相關(guān)的"意思。A.scientific科學的；B.credible可信的；C.original原件的；D.relevant相關(guān)的。故選D。2觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)原文第五段"Andyetmessengersofthecomingdisturbancearelikelytobeignored.Weallwanttohopethingswillturnoutfine."然而，即將到來的動亂的信息很可能被忽視。我們都希望事情會好起來?？芍劣诠妼θ虮罎⒌恼J識，作者是擔心的。A.worried擔心的；B.puzzled擔心的；C.surprised困惑的；D.scared害怕的。故選A。2021年6月新高考I卷（C篇）WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshavetakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourseswisely.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadesto

decimate

alargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl（水禽）werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat（棲息地）.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"decimate"meaninthefirstparagraph?A.Acquire.B.Export.C.Destroy.D.Distribute.【答案】2.C【文章大意】本文為說明文，講述了美國為了保護“水禽”頒布了一項政策，狩獵者需要購買相關(guān)水禽類郵票，然后政府把售賣所得款撥給候鳥保護基金組織。2詞義猜測題。根據(jù)題干信息firstparagraph定位到第一段：Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.根據(jù)Unfortunately（不幸地是）可知，此處與前文

"takencareof"

形成對比，故此處應表示

"損害、毀壞"

。原文譯為：不幸地是，這些探險者和定居者只花了幾十年的時間就毀掉了這些資源的很大一部分。故選C。2021年6月新高考二卷B篇Astheygrewmoremobile,weletthemmovefreelyaroundthehouseduringtheday,butwhenwewereasleepwehadtocontaintheminalargeroom,otherwisethey'dgetuptomischief.We'dcomedowninthemorningtofindthey'dturnedtheroomupsidedown,andleftitlookinglikeazoo.5.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“getuptomischief”meaninparagraph3?A.Behavebadly. B.Losetheirway. C.Sleepsoundly. D.Misstheirmom.【答案】5.A【解析】這是一篇記敘文。講述了作者為了保證兩只老虎幼崽的存活，決定在家里全天候照顧它們。介紹了老虎在作者家生活的情況以及作者照顧老虎的感受?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“Astheygrewmoremobile,weletthemmovefreelyaroundthehouseduringtheday,butwhenwewereasleepwehadtocontaintheminalargeroom,otherwisethey'd”（隨著它們的活動越來越多，我們白天讓它們在房子里自由活動，但當我們睡覺時，我們必須把它們關(guān)在一個大房間里，否則它們會）以及后文“We'dcomedowninthemorningtofindthey'dturnedtheroomupsidedown,andleftitlookinglikeazoo.”（我們早上下樓時發(fā)現(xiàn)他們把房間弄得亂七八糟，讓它看起來像個動物園。）可知，作者不得不把老虎們在一個大房間里，否則它們就會調(diào)皮搗蛋，表現(xiàn)不好。早上下樓時發(fā)現(xiàn)他們把房間弄得亂七八糟，看起來像個動物園。故畫線詞意思是“表現(xiàn)不好”。故選A。2021年6月全國甲卷（C篇）WhenIwas9,wepackedupourhomeinLosAngelesandarrivedatHeathrow,LondononagrayJanuarymorning.Everyoneinthefamilysettledquicklyintothecityexceptme.Withoutmybelovedbeachesandendlessblue-skydays,Ifeltatalossandoutofplace.UntilImadeadiscovery.Southbank,ataneasternbendintheThames,isthecenterofBritishskateboarding,wherethecontinuouscrashingofskateboardsleftyourheadringing.Ilovedit.Isoonmadefriendswiththelocalskaters.Wespokeourownlanguage.Andmyfavorite:Safe.Safemeantcool.Itmeanthello.Itmeantdon'tworryaboutit.Once,whentryingacertaintrickonthebeam（橫桿）,Ifellontothestones,damaginganerveinmyhand,andTobycameover,helpingmeup:Safe,man.Safe.Afewminuteslater,whenIlandedthetrick,myfriendsbeattheirboardsloud,shouting:

"Safe!Safe!Safe!"

Andthat'swhatmattered—landingtricks,beingagoodskater.2.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"Safe!Safe!Safe!"probablymean?A.Becareful!B.Welldone!C.Noway!D.Don'tworry.【答案】2B【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文，作者會議小時候在英國南岸這個倫敦滑板手們段圣地以及和他們一塊度過的美好時光。2詞義猜測題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞"Safe!Safe!Safe!"定位在原文第三段"Andthat'swhatmattered—landingtricks,beingagoodskater.這就是重要的著陸技巧，成為一名優(yōu)秀的滑冰運動員。"表示做得好，所以應該是鼓勵的話語。故選B項。2021.6全國乙卷B篇Still,55percentofAustralianshavealandlinephoneathomeandonlyjustoveraquarter(29%)relyonlyontheirsmartphones,accordingtoasurvey（調(diào)查）.OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline,athird

concede

thatit'snotreallynecessaryandthey'rekeepingitasasecurityblanket—19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseofemergencies.Ithinkmyhomefallsintothatcategory.2Whatdoestheunderlinedword

"concede"

inparagraph3mean?A.Admit.B.Argue.C.Remember.D.Remark.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)題干信息concede，定位到第三段Still,55percentofAustralianshavealandlinephoneathome…OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline,athirdconcedethatit'snotreallynecessary…。分析可知，雖然55%的人的家中都還有座機，但他們中的三分之一的人認為座機其實并不十分必要。由此我們可以推測，這些人在說it'snotnecessary的時候是在承認這件事。故選A。2021年6月浙江卷B篇Inthepastfewyears,anincreasingnumberofpeopleandorganisationshavebeguncomingupwithplanstocounterthistrend.Acoupleofyearsago,film-makerDavidBondrealisedthathischildren,thenagedfiveandthree,wereattachedtoscreenstothepointwherehewasabletosay"chocolate"intohisthree-year-oldson'searwithoutgettingaresponse.Herealisedthatsomethingneededtochange,and,beingaLondonmediatype,appointedhimself"marketingdirectorforNature".Hedocumentedhisjourneyashesetabouttreatingnatureasabrandtobemarketedtoyoungpeople.Theresultwas

ProjectWildThing,afilmwhich

charts

thebirthoftheWildNetwork,agroupoforganisationswiththecommongoalofgettingchildrenoutintonature.3.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword"charts"inparagraph2?A.recordsB.predictsC.delaysD.confirms【答案】3.A【文章大意】本文作者以自己的孩子為例存在著長時間盯著電子屏幕的問題，從而引出了電影導演DavidBond怎樣激勵自己的孩子們養(yǎng)成戶外活動、鍛煉身體的習慣的做法。3.猜詞題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句話句意”結(jié)果是ProjectWildThing，一部描繪了WildNetwork誕生的電影，WildNetwork是一組以讓孩子們?nèi)谌氪笞匀粸楣餐繕说慕M織?！翱芍?，本句主要闡述作者拍攝的紀錄片ProjectWildThing記錄下了組織WildNetwork的誕生，因此record（記錄、記載）與所猜詞匯最為接近，故選A。2021年3月天津卷B篇Thepoignancy（酸楚）ofJordanretiringfromhisbelovedbasketballtoplaybaseballandwhathadpushedhimtomakesuchatoughdecisiontookmebysurprise.AsIwatchedhimtakeoffhisbasketballuniformandreplaceitwithabaseballuniform,Isawhim

leavingbehindthelayer

thatnolongerservedhim,justasourlizardhad.Neitherofthemchosethemomentthathadtransformedthem.Buttheyhadtolivewithwhotheywereaftereverythingwasdifferent.Justlikeus.Irealizedthatwehavetolearntoleavethepastbehind.Humansdonotshedskin（蛻皮）aseasilyasotheranimals.Thebeginningofchangeisupsetting.Theprocessistiring.Damagechangesusbeforeweareready.Iseeourlizard,rawandnearlynew.Jordansaidthatnomatterhowitends,itstartswithhope.Withourtender,hopefulskin,thatiswherewebegin.4.Theunderlinedpart"leaving

behind

the

layer"inParagraph8canbeunderstoodas

.A.lettinggoofthepastB.lookingforanewjobC.gettingridofabadhabitD.givingupanopportunity【答案】4.A【解析】文章大意：這是一篇夾敘夾議文。講述了作者的丈夫剛剛丟了工作，這種不確定性開始影響到家人，直到作者看到家里的寵物蜥蜴換皮和觀看了MichaelJordan的紀錄片《最后的舞蹈》后，領(lǐng)悟到我們必須學會把過去拋在腦后，像蜥蜴一樣，用我們?nèi)崮邸⒊錆M希望的皮膚，作為人生的起點。4.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后文"Neitherofthemchosethemomentthathadtransformedthem…Justlikeus.Irealizedthatwehavetolearntoleavethepastbehind.（他們都沒有選擇那個改變了他們的時刻。但他們必須和自己生活在一起因為一切都變了。就像我們一樣。我意識到我們必須學會把過去拋在腦后）"可知，作者看著喬丹脫下籃球服，換上棒球服時，意識到看到他放開了過去，把過去拋在腦后了。即畫線詞意思是"放D開過去"。故選：A。2021年1月浙江卷C篇Chimpswillchecktoseeiftheyhavetheattentionoftheanimalwithwhichtheywishtocommunicate.Inonecase,amotherpresentsherfoottohercryingbaby,signaling:"Climbonme."Theyoungsterimmediatelyjumpsontoitsmother'sbackandtheytravelofftogether."Thebigmessagefromthisstudyisthatthereisanotherspecies（物種）outtherethatismeaningfulinitscommunication,sothat'snotuniquetohumans,"saidDrHobaiter.DrSusanneShultz,anevolutionarybiologistfromtheUniversityofManchester,saidthestudywaspraiseworthyinseekingtoenrichourknowledgeoftheevolutionofhumanlanguage.But,sheadded,theresultswere"alittledisappointing"."Thevaguenessofthegesturemeaningssuggestseitherthatthechimpshavelittletocommunicate,orwearestillmissingalotoftheinformationcontainedintheirgesturesandactions,"shesaid."Moreover,themeaningsseemtonotgobeyondwhatotheranimalsconveywithnon-verbalcommunication.So,itseemsthe

gulf

remains."3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"gulf"inthelastparagraphmean?A.Difference.B.Conflict.C.Balance.D.Connection.【答案】3.A【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了黑猩猩的語言：使用手勢來傳遞信息，以及相關(guān)研究和結(jié)論。3.詞義猜測題。首先找到詞匯對應的內(nèi)容"So,itseemsthegulfremains",根據(jù)這句話中的so可以判斷前后句是因果關(guān)系，再結(jié)合前句的句意可以推斷出選項中最接近gulf詞義的單詞為A選項Difference。故答案為A。2021全國乙卷B篇Whenalmosteveryonehasamobilephone,whyaremorethanhalfofAustralianhomesstillpayingforalandline（座機）?Thesedaysyou'dbehardpressedtofindanyoneinAustraliaovertheageof15whodoesn'townamobilephone.Infactplentyofyoungerkidshaveoneintheirpocket.Practicallyeveryonecanmakeandreceive