新高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)題型歸納與變式演練專題10 閱讀理解之猜詞題（解析版）

專題10閱讀理解之猜詞題（解析版）猜詞悟義是應(yīng)用英語的重要能力，也是高考閱讀理解中必考的題型。它不但需要準(zhǔn)確無誤地理解上下文，而且要有較大的泛讀量，掌握或認(rèn)識(shí)較多的課外詞匯。同時(shí)，考生應(yīng)掌握一些猜詞技巧，通過定義、同位、對比、因果、常識(shí)、同義、反義、構(gòu)詞、常識(shí)及上下文線索等確定詞義。一、思維導(dǎo)圖二、方法點(diǎn)撥 1.設(shè)問方式Theunderlinedword“…”refersto/(probably)means.“…”asusedinthepassagecanbestbedefinedas…Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“…”standsfor?Whatdoestheunderlinedword“…”refertointhelastparagraph?Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceoftheword“…”?Theunderlinedword“…”couldbestbereplacedby…Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningtotheword“…”?Whatdoestheauthormeanby“…”inparagraph2? 2.七大技巧1.根據(jù)定義或上下文解釋進(jìn)行猜測有時(shí)短文中出現(xiàn)一個(gè)需要猜測其意義的詞或短語，下面接著出現(xiàn)其定義或解釋。標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，如逗號(hào)后的解釋(名詞同位語)、破折號(hào)后的解釋、括號(hào)內(nèi)的解釋等。這都是判斷該詞或短語意義的主要依據(jù)。例如：例子1Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.29．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinparagraph2?A．Complex. B．Advanced.C．Powerful. D．Modern.[分析]根據(jù)畫線詞所在句子可知，人類社會(huì)發(fā)展的很多因素導(dǎo)致許多語言消失，而逐漸被英語、西班牙語、漢語等語言取代，畫線詞前后的解釋暗示了這些語言逐漸占主導(dǎo)地位，故選C項(xiàng)powerful(強(qiáng)大的，有影響力的)?！菊骖}小練】(浙江2019.6閱讀理解B）Moneywithnostringsattached.It’snotsomethingyouseeeveryday.ButatUnionStationinLosAngeleslastmonth,aboardwentupwithdollarbillsattachedtoitwithpinsandasignthatread,"GiveWhatYouCan,TakeWhatYouNeed."()Whatdoestheexpression"moneywithnostringsattached"inparagraph1mean?A.Moneyspentwithouthesitation.B.Moneynotlegallymade.C.Moneyofferedwithoutconditions.D.Moneynottiedtogether.2.根據(jù)同位關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測閱讀中出現(xiàn)的難詞有時(shí)后面緊跟一個(gè)同位語，對前面的詞進(jìn)行解釋，因此可利用同位關(guān)系對前面的詞義或句意進(jìn)行猜測。例如：例子2IamPeterHodes,avolunteerstemcellcourier.SinceMarch2012,I'vedone89trips—ofthose,51havebeenabroad.Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells(干細(xì)胞)inmylittleboxbecauseI'vegottwoicepacksandthat'showlongtheylast.Inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor(捐獻(xiàn)者)tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient,we'vegot72hoursatmost.SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.29．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“courier”inParagraph1?A．provider B．deliverymanC．collector D．medicaldoctor[分析]“avolunteerstemcellcourier”是“PeterHodes”的同位語；根據(jù)文中“Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells(干細(xì)胞)inmylittlebox”可知，PeterHodes的任務(wù)就是將捐獻(xiàn)者捐獻(xiàn)的干細(xì)胞運(yùn)送給需要的病人，即作者是干細(xì)胞遞送員。故選擇B項(xiàng)。3.根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法(前綴、后綴、派生等)進(jìn)行猜測在英語中，有很多詞可以通過增加前綴和后綴的方式，構(gòu)成新詞。乍看起來，這個(gè)詞可能是新詞，但在掌握了一定的構(gòu)詞知識(shí)之后，就不難猜出它的詞義。例如：①“Ourpartiesareaimedforchildren2to10，”Anacleriosaid,“andthey'reveryinteractiveandcreativeinthattheybuiltasenseofdramabasedonasubject.”文中interactive是由前綴inter-(相互的)和active(活動(dòng)的，活躍的)構(gòu)成的，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文的意思可以判斷，該詞的含義應(yīng)是“互動(dòng)的”。②Perhaps,wecanseesomepossibilitiesfornextfiftyyears.Butthenexthundred?possibility是possible的同根名詞，據(jù)此可以判斷possibility的意思是“可能性”。例子3Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness,uneasiness,_orworry.[分析]根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)我們可知，un-為否定前綴，-ness為名詞后綴，easy(舒適)為詞根。因此，我們可猜測uneasiness為“不安；擔(dān)憂”之意。(全國II2014閱讀理解A）Myhusbandrushedtotheirhometofindakindfamilyholdingallpapersanddocuments.Theiryoungdaughterhadgonetothetrashcanandfoundapileofunfamiliarpapers...Atlasttheyhadseenahalf-writtenletterinthepileinwhichmyhusbandhadgivenhisnewtelephonenumbertoafriend.Thatfamilynotonlyreturnedtheimportantdocumentstousthatday,butalsorestoredourfaithandtrustinpeople.Westillremembertheirkindnessandoftensendawarmwishtheirway.()Whatdoestheunderlinedword“restored”inthelastparagraphmean?showed.B.sentout.C.delivered.D.gaveback4.根據(jù)因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測在一篇閱讀文章中，根據(jù)原因可以預(yù)測結(jié)果，根據(jù)結(jié)果也可以找出原因。例如：例子4Ifyouhavea_juicer,_youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa“softserve”creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachildren'sparty;theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.26．Whatis“ajuicer”inthelastparagraph?A．Adessert. B．Adrink.C．Acontainer. D．Amachine.[分析]該段第一句含有一個(gè)if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，若滿足該條件，則產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果是第一句的后半句和第二句，“youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa‘soft-serve’creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.”即“將冰凍香蕉和其他莓類、水果片放進(jìn)去，出來的是奶油狀甜品”。由此因果關(guān)系可推知juicer指的是榨汁機(jī)。故選擇D項(xiàng)。5.根據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測文章中的代詞it,that,he,him或them可以指代上文提到的人或物，其中it和that還可以指代一件事。有時(shí)代詞指代的對象相隔較遠(yuǎn)，要認(rèn)真查找；有時(shí)也需要對前面提到的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)，才能得出代詞所指代的事物。例如：例子5[2]Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU．S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.[3]It'sJasonMoran'sjobtohelpchangethat.AstheKennedyCenter'sartisticadviserforjazz,Moranhopestowidentheaudienceforjazz,makethemusicmoreaccessible,andpreserveitshistoryandculture.…29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph3referto?A．Jazzbecomingmoreaccessible.B．Theproductionofjazzgrowingfaster.C．Jazzbeinglesspopularwiththeyoung.D．Thejazzaudiencebecominglarger.[分析]根據(jù)語境可知，畫線詞that指代第二段“Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU．S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.”的內(nèi)容，即爵士樂聽眾的數(shù)量減少并且趨于老齡化，不受年輕人喜歡的現(xiàn)狀。故選C。6.根據(jù)同義或近義關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者為了避免語言的單調(diào)、重復(fù)，有時(shí)會(huì)使用意思相同或相近的詞。因此，考生只要讀懂上下文，知道其中一個(gè)詞的意思，就能猜出另外一個(gè)詞的意思。[例](2018·全國卷Ⅲ閱讀D節(jié)選)Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Whydoweoftenassumethatmore_is_morewhenitcomestokidsandtheirbelongings?ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.例子6…32．Whatdothewords“moreismore”inparagraph1probablymean?A．Themore,thebetter.B．Enoughisenough.C．Moremoney,moreworries.D．Earnmoreandspendmore.[分析]根據(jù)該段第一句“Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.”可知，作者認(rèn)為成年人都理解物質(zhì)過剩的那種感覺，后面又用反問句提出了問題：但是，說到孩子們和他們的物品，我們?yōu)槭裁赐ǔＳ终J(rèn)定moreismore呢？由此推知，這里的moreismore與前面的floodedwith為近義呼應(yīng)，指“越多越好”。故選A。7.根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測根據(jù)上下句的連接詞，如but,however,otherwise等可以推斷上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，從而可以依據(jù)某一句的含義，來確定另一句的含義。另外，分號(hào)也可以表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對比或不相干的意義。例如：①Achild'sbirthdaypartydoesn'thavetobeahassle;_itcanbeabasketoffun.從分號(hào)前后兩句的意思可以看出，hassle和abasketoffun是相反的意義，所以不難判斷hassle的意思是“困難，麻煩”。②Sheisusuallypromptforallherclass,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.but一詞表示轉(zhuǎn)折，因此but前后的意思正好相反。根據(jù)后半句的意思“她今天第一節(jié)課上了一半才來”，可得出她平時(shí)一向“準(zhǔn)時(shí)”的結(jié)論。③TheplayersintheWorldCupareprofessionals,whilethosewhoplayintheOlympicsmustbeamateurs.由于轉(zhuǎn)折詞“while”引導(dǎo)的兩個(gè)分句前后意義相反，我們可推測出amateurs是professionals(專業(yè)人士)的反義詞，意思為“業(yè)余人士，業(yè)余選手”。例子7…GraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalUnitedStates,buttheyweregraduallydisplacedbyhumandevelopment.Bythe1920s,wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstonearea.TheywentfarthernorthintothedeepforestsofCanada,wheretherewerefewerhumansaround.…29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“displaced”inparagraph2mean?A．Tested. B．Separated.C．Forcedout. D．Trackeddown.[分析]畫線詞的前句說明在黃石公園和美洲大部分地區(qū)曾有許多的灰狼，連詞but轉(zhuǎn)折了句子意義，后來由于人類的發(fā)展，灰狼數(shù)量逐漸減少，幾乎消失，由此可推斷出畫線詞的意思為“被迫離開”，故選擇C項(xiàng)。三、高考真題2022年6月新高考1卷C篇WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.”LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:“Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.”30.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkon”meaninparagraph7?A.Improve. B.Oppose. C.Begin. D.Evaluate.【答案】28.D29.B30.C31.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。主要講述了旨在減少孤獨(dú)，改善老年人的健康狀況的項(xiàng)目?！?0題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.(居民們非常歡迎該項(xiàng)目的想法和創(chuàng)意會(huì)議。我們期待這個(gè)項(xiàng)目能給這里的人們帶來好處和樂趣)”以及劃線處前的“oneofthefirst(第一批人之一)”可知WendyWilson是著手這項(xiàng)工程的人之一，劃線處的含義與C項(xiàng)：“Begin(開始)”含義相近。故選C。2022年6月全國甲卷C篇AsGinniBazlintonreachedAntarctica,shefoundherselfgreetedbyagroupoflittleGentoopenguins(企鵝)longingtosayhello.Thesegentle,lovelygatekeeperswelcomedherandkick-startedwhatwastobeatripGinniwouldneverforget.Eversinceherchildhood,Ginni,now71,hashadadeeplovefortravel.Throughouthercareer(職業(yè))asaprofessionaldancer,shetouredintheUK,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther.Whensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest,shedecideditwastimetotaketheplunge.28.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“taketheplunge”underlinedinparagraph2?A.Trychallengingthings. B.Takeadegree.C.Bringbacklostmemories. D.Sticktoapromise.【答案】28.A【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了71歲的GinniBalinton從小就對旅行有著深深的熱愛，渴望探險(xiǎn)，不再跳舞和孩子們成家立業(yè)之后，她開始周游世界，并在2008年開始了前往南極洲的旅程?！?8題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段劃線詞前文“Throughouthercareer(職業(yè))asaprofessionaldancer,shetouredintheUK,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther.(在她的職業(yè)舞蹈演員生涯中，她曾在英國巡演，但一直渴望進(jìn)一步探索)”和“Whensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest(當(dāng)她不再跳舞，她的兒子們最終獨(dú)立生活)”可知，Ginni在退休和兒子們成家立業(yè)之后，她決定嘗試有挑戰(zhàn)性的事情。由此推知，劃線詞組taketheplunge與trychallengingthings“嘗試有挑戰(zhàn)性的事情”意思接近。故選A。2022年6月全國乙卷C篇Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews’efforts.29.Whatdoes“maintenance”underlinedinparagraph3referto?A.Personnelsafety. B.Assistancefromdrones.C.Inspectionandrepair. D.Constructionofinfrastructure.【答案】29.C【解析】本文是一篇說明文。應(yīng)用今天的“空中之眼”的技術(shù)，無人機(jī)能在保證鐵路安全可靠的同時(shí)又能幫助鐵路運(yùn)營商每年節(jié)省數(shù)十億歐元?！?9題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)后文“ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.(據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，僅歐洲鐵路公司每年在鐵路維護(hù)上的花費(fèi)就約為200億歐元，其中包括經(jīng)常在夜間派遣維修人員檢查和維修鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)”可知花在maintenance上的費(fèi)用是用于“inspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure（檢查和維修鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施”，由此可知“Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety”是指大幅節(jié)省檢修成本和更好地保護(hù)鐵路人員安全，劃線詞和C項(xiàng)：Inspectionandrepair(檢修)含義相近。故選C。2022年6月北京卷D篇Asquantumcomputingattractsmoreattentionandfunding,researchersmaymisleadinvestors,journalists,thepublicand,worstofall,themselvesabouttheirwork’spotential.Ifresearcherscan’tkeeptheirpromises,excitementmightgivewaytodoubt,disappointmentandanger,Johnsonwarns.Lotsofothertechnologieshavegonethroughstagesofexcitement.Butsomethingaboutquantumcomputingmakesitespeciallypronetohype,Johnsonsuggests,perhapsbecause“‘quantum’standsforsomethingcoolyoushouldn’tbeabletounderstand.”AndthatbringsmebacktoTaylor,whosuggestedthatIreadhisbookQforQuantum.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prone”inParagraph3mostprobablymean?A.Open.B.Cool.C.Useful.D.Resistant.【答案33.A【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。主要論述了“量子計(jì)算真的會(huì)像它的宣傳那樣成功嗎？”，計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)家克里斯·約翰遜和物理學(xué)家菲利普·泰勒分別闡明了自己的觀點(diǎn)。33.【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三自然段“Butsomethingaboutquantumcomputingmakesitespeciallypronetohype,Johnsonsuggests,perhapsbecause“‘quantum’standsforsomethingcoolyoushouldn’tbeabletounderstand.”（但約翰遜表明，量子計(jì)算的某些方面使得它特別prone被炒作，可能是因?yàn)椤傲孔印贝砹艘恍┠悴粦?yīng)該理解的酷東西?！保笨芍?，本句中含有一個(gè)原因狀語從句，因?yàn)椤啊傲孔印贝砹艘恍┠悴粦?yīng)該理解的酷東西”，所以它特別容易被炒作。故prone意為“易于……的”。A.Open.開放的；易受損害的；B.Cool.酷的；C.Useful.有用的；D.Resistant.有抵抗力的。故選A。2022年6月浙江卷CHowlongwestayontheclockandhowwespendthattimeareundercarefulexaminationinmanyworkplaces.Theyoungbankerwhoeatslunchathisdeskisprobablyseenasago-getter,whilehiscolleagueswhochatoverarelaxedconference-roommealgetdirtylooksfromthecorneroffice.“Peoplefromculturesthatvaluerelationshipsmorethanoursdoesareshockedbythethoughtofeatingaloneinfrontofacomputer”,saysArtMarkman,aprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofTexas,Austin.Socialinteractionhasbeenshowntoliftmood(情緒)andgetpeoplethinkinginnewdirectionsandinwaysthatcouldhelpimproveanypost-luncheffort.9.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Agoodthinkerisabletoinspireotherpeople.B.Experienceunrelatedtoyourjobisuseless.C.Acheerfulmoodhelpsmakeacreativemind.D.Focusingonwhatyoudoraisesproductivity.【答案】9.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了許多人認(rèn)為工作到最大限度是成功的秘訣，但研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，適度的工作也會(huì)帶來成果。所以要適度工作，工作時(shí)要有積極的情緒，這會(huì)讓自己在工作中更有效率?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞下文“whilehiscolleagueswhochatoverarelaxedconference-roommealgetdirtylooksfromthecorneroffice.(而他那些在會(huì)議室吃飯時(shí)閑聊的同事們則在角落辦公室里得到不屑的目光。)”可知，while前后是對比關(guān)系，那些在會(huì)議室吃飯時(shí)閑聊的同事會(huì)得到別人不屑的目光，即被認(rèn)為不努力工作，相反，那些在辦公桌前吃午飯的年輕銀行家可能被視為是一個(gè)努力工作以求成功的人，由此可知，劃線單詞go-getter，指的是那些努力工作以求成功的人，故選B。2022年1月浙江卷AFornearlyadecadenow,Merebethhasbeenaself-employedpettransportspecialist.Herpettransportjobwasbornofthefinancialcrisis（危機(jī)）inthelate2000s．Thedownturnhittherealestate（房地產(chǎn)）firmwhereshehadworkedfortenyearsasanofficemanager.Thefirmwentbrokeandleftherlookingforanewjob.Oneday,whiledrivingnearherhome,shesawadogwanderingontheroad,clearlylost.Shetookithome,andhersisterinDenveragreedtotakeit.Thiswasalovinghomeforsure,but1,600milesaway.Itdidn’ttakelongforMerebethtodecidetodrivethedogthereherself.Itwasherfirstroadtriptohernewjob.Merebeth'spetdeliveryservicesatisfiesher

wanderlust.IthastakenhertoeverystateintheUSexceptMontana,WashingtonandOregon,shesaysproudly.Ifshewantstovisitanewplace,shewillsimplyfindapetwithtransportneedsthere.Shetravelsinallweathers.Shehasdriventhrough55mphwindsinWyoming,heavyfloodingandstormsinAlabamaandtotalwhiteoutconditionsinKansas.22.Theword“wanderlust"inparagraph2meansadesireto?A.makemoney.

B.tryvariousjobs.C.beclosetonature.

D.traveltodifferentplaces.【答案】22.D【解析】：本文是一篇記敘文，主要敘述了Merebeth由于公司破產(chǎn)失業(yè)后，在機(jī)緣巧合下成為寵物運(yùn)送員，不僅幫助了動(dòng)物，而且收獲了旅行帶來的精神自由。第22題猜測詞義題。根據(jù)第一段IthastakenhertoeverystateintheUSexceptMontana,WashingtonandOregon,shesaysproudly.

意思為：她很驕傲的說,這個(gè)工作帶她到了全美國除蒙大拿,華盛頓,俄勒岡以外的所有的州?？芍?，她很喜歡到不同的地方旅行。以及第二段：This

wanderlust

isinheritedfromherfather,shesays.HemovedtheirfamilyfromCanadatoCaliforniawhenshewasoneyearold,becausehewantedthemtoexploreanewplacetogether.

遺傳自她的父親也喜歡探索新地方。故答案選D。2021年6月北京卷CHundredsofscientists,writersandacademicssoundedawarningtohumanityinanopenletterpublishedlastDecember:Policymakersandtherestofusmustengageopenlywiththeriskofglobalcollapse.Researchersinmanyareashaveprojectedthewidespreadcollapseas"acrediblescenario（情景）thiscentury".Asurveyofscientistsfoundthatextremeweatherevents,foodinsecurity,andfreshwatershortagesmightcreateglobalcollapse.Ofcourse,ifyouareanon-humanspecies,collapseiswellunderway.Thecallforpublicengagementwiththeunthinkableisespecially

germane

inthismomentofstill-uncontrolledpandemicandeconomiccrisesintheworld'smosttechnologicallyadvancednations.Notverylongago,itwasalsounthinkablethataviruswouldshutdownnationsandthatsafetynetswouldbeprovensodisastrouslylackinginflexibility.Theinternationalscholars'warningletterdoesn'tsayexactlywhatcollapsewilllooklikeorwhenitmighthappen.Collapseology,thestudyofcollapse,ismoreconcernedwithidentifyingtrendsandwiththemthedangersofeverydaycivilization.Amongthesignatories（簽署者）ofthewarningwasBobJohnson,theoriginatorofthe"ecologicalfootprint"concept,whichmeasuresthetotalamountofenvironmentalinputneededtomaintainagivenlifestyle.Withthecurrentfootprintofhumanity,"itseemsthatglobalcollapseiscertaintohappeninsomeform,possiblywithinadecade,certainlywithinthiscentury,"Johnsonsaidinanemail.Onlyifwediscusstheconsequencesofourbiophysicallimits,theDecemberwarninglettersays,canwehavethehopetoreducetheir"speed,severityandharm".Andyetmessengersofthecomingdisturbancearelikelytobeignored.Weallwanttohopethingswillturnoutfine.Asapoetwrote,Manisavictimofdope（麻醉品）Intheincurableformofhope.Thehundredsofscholarswhosignedtheletterareintent（執(zhí)著）onquietinghopethatignorespreparedness."Let'slookdirectlyintotheissueofcollapse,"theysay,"anddealwiththeterriblepossibilitiesofwhatweseetheretomakethebestofatroublingfuture."1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"germane"inParagraph3probablymean?A.Scientific.B.Credible.C.Original.D.Relevant.2.Asforthepublicawarenessofglobalcollapse,theauthoris

.A.worriedB.puzzledC.surprisedD.scared答案1D2A3B解析：本文介紹了在這個(gè)世界上技術(shù)最先進(jìn)的國家仍然無法控制的流行病和經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的時(shí)刻，呼吁公眾參與不可思議的事情顯得尤為密切相關(guān)。作者同時(shí)也表達(dá)了對全球崩潰的認(rèn)識(shí)的擔(dān)憂。1.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)原文第三段"Thecallforpublicengagementwiththeunthinkableisespeciallygermaneinthismomentofstill-uncontrolledpandemicandeconomiccrisesintheworld'smosttechnologicallyadvancednations."在這個(gè)世界上技術(shù)最先進(jìn)的國家仍然無法控制的流行病和經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的時(shí)刻，呼吁公眾參與不可思議的事情顯得尤為密切相關(guān)?？芍?段中帶下劃線的單詞"germane"可能是"相關(guān)的"意思。A.scientific科學(xué)的；B.credible可信的；C.original原件的；D.relevant相關(guān)的。故選D。2觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)原文第五段"Andyetmessengersofthecomingdisturbancearelikelytobeignored.Weallwanttohopethingswillturnoutfine."然而，即將到來的動(dòng)亂的信息很可能被忽視。我們都希望事情會(huì)好起來?？芍劣诠妼θ虮罎⒌恼J(rèn)識(shí)，作者是擔(dān)心的。A.worried擔(dān)心的；B.puzzled擔(dān)心的；C.surprised困惑的；D.scared害怕的。故選A。2021年6月新高考I卷（C篇）WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshavetakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourseswisely.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadesto

decimate

alargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl（水禽）werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat（棲息地）.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"decimate"meaninthefirstparagraph?A.Acquire.B.Export.C.Destroy.D.Distribute.【答案】2.C【文章大意】本文為說明文，講述了美國為了保護(hù)“水禽”頒布了一項(xiàng)政策，狩獵者需要購買相關(guān)水禽類郵票，然后政府把售賣所得款撥給候鳥保護(hù)基金組織。2詞義猜測題。根據(jù)題干信息firstparagraph定位到第一段：Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.根據(jù)Unfortunately（不幸地是）可知，此處與前文

"takencareof"

形成對比，故此處應(yīng)表示

"損害、毀壞"

。原文譯為：不幸地是，這些探險(xiǎn)者和定居者只花了幾十年的時(shí)間就毀掉了這些資源的很大一部分。故選C。2021年6月新高考二卷B篇Astheygrewmoremobile,weletthemmovefreelyaroundthehouseduringtheday,butwhenwewereasleepwehadtocontaintheminalargeroom,otherwisethey'dgetuptomischief.We'dcomedowninthemorningtofindthey'dturnedtheroomupsidedown,andleftitlookinglikeazoo.5.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“getuptomischief”meaninparagraph3?A.Behavebadly. B.Losetheirway. C.Sleepsoundly. D.Misstheirmom.【答案】5.A【解析】這是一篇記敘文。講述了作者為了保證兩只老虎幼崽的存活，決定在家里全天候照顧它們。介紹了老虎在作者家生活的情況以及作者照顧老虎的感受?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“Astheygrewmoremobile,weletthemmovefreelyaroundthehouseduringtheday,butwhenwewereasleepwehadtocontaintheminalargeroom,otherwisethey'd”（隨著它們的活動(dòng)越來越多，我們白天讓它們在房子里自由活動(dòng)，但當(dāng)我們睡覺時(shí)，我們必須把它們關(guān)在一個(gè)大房間里，否則它們會(huì)）以及后文“We'dcomedowninthemorningtofindthey'dturnedtheroomupsidedown,andleftitlookinglikeazoo.”（我們早上下樓時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)他們把房間弄得亂七八糟，讓它看起來像個(gè)動(dòng)物園。）可知，作者不得不把老虎們在一個(gè)大房間里，否則它們就會(huì)調(diào)皮搗蛋，表現(xiàn)不好。早上下樓時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)他們把房間弄得亂七八糟，看起來像個(gè)動(dòng)物園。故畫線詞意思是“表現(xiàn)不好”。故選A。2021年6月全國甲卷（C篇）WhenIwas9,wepackedupourhomeinLosAngelesandarrivedatHeathrow,LondononagrayJanuarymorning.Everyoneinthefamilysettledquicklyintothecityexceptme.Withoutmybelovedbeachesandendlessblue-skydays,Ifeltatalossandoutofplace.UntilImadeadiscovery.Southbank,ataneasternbendintheThames,isthecenterofBritishskateboarding,wherethecontinuouscrashingofskateboardsleftyourheadringing.Ilovedit.Isoonmadefriendswiththelocalskaters.Wespokeourownlanguage.Andmyfavorite:Safe.Safemeantcool.Itmeanthello.Itmeantdon'tworryaboutit.Once,whentryingacertaintrickonthebeam（橫桿）,Ifellontothestones,damaginganerveinmyhand,andTobycameover,helpingmeup:Safe,man.Safe.Afewminuteslater,whenIlandedthetrick,myfriendsbeattheirboardsloud,shouting:

"Safe!Safe!Safe!"

Andthat'swhatmattered—landingtricks,beingagoodskater.2.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"Safe!Safe!Safe!"probablymean?A.Becareful!B.Welldone!C.Noway!D.Don'tworry.【答案】2B【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文，作者會(huì)議小時(shí)候在英國南岸這個(gè)倫敦滑板手們段圣地以及和他們一塊度過的美好時(shí)光。2詞義猜測題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞"Safe!Safe!Safe!"定位在原文第三段"Andthat'swhatmattered—landingtricks,beingagoodskater.這就是重要的著陸技巧，成為一名優(yōu)秀的滑冰運(yùn)動(dòng)員。"表示做得好，所以應(yīng)該是鼓勵(lì)的話語。故選B項(xiàng)。2021.6全國乙卷B篇Still,55percentofAustralianshavealandlinephoneathomeandonlyjustoveraquarter(29%)relyonlyontheirsmartphones,accordingtoasurvey（調(diào)查）.OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline,athird

concede

thatit'snotreallynecessaryandthey'rekeepingitasasecurityblanket—19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseofemergencies.Ithinkmyhomefallsintothatcategory.2Whatdoestheunderlinedword

"concede"

inparagraph3mean?A.Admit.B.Argue.C.Remember.D.Remark.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)題干信息concede，定位到第三段Still,55percentofAustralianshavealandlinephoneathome…OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline,athirdconcedethatit'snotreallynecessary…。分析可知，雖然55%的人的家中都還有座機(jī)，但他們中的三分之一的人認(rèn)為座機(jī)其實(shí)并不十分必要。由此我們可以推測，這些人在說it'snotnecessary的時(shí)候是在承認(rèn)這件事。故選A。2021年6月浙江卷B篇Inthepastfewyears,anincreasingnumberofpeopleandorganisationshavebeguncomingupwithplanstocounterthistrend.Acoupleofyearsago,film-makerDavidBondrealisedthathischildren,thenagedfiveandthree,wereattachedtoscreenstothepointwherehewasabletosay"chocolate"intohisthree-year-oldson'searwithoutgettingaresponse.Herealisedthatsomethingneededtochange,and,beingaLondonmediatype,appointedhimself"marketingdirectorforNature".Hedocumentedhisjourneyashesetabouttreatingnatureasabrandtobemarketedtoyoungpeople.Theresultwas

ProjectWildThing,afilmwhich

charts

thebirthoftheWildNetwork,agroupoforganisationswiththecommongoalofgettingchildrenoutintonature.3.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword"charts"inparagraph2?A.recordsB.predictsC.delaysD.confirms【答案】3.A【文章大意】本文作者以自己的孩子為例存在著長時(shí)間盯著電子屏幕的問題，從而引出了電影導(dǎo)演DavidBond怎樣激勵(lì)自己的孩子們養(yǎng)成戶外活動(dòng)、鍛煉身體的習(xí)慣的做法。3.猜詞題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句話句意”結(jié)果是ProjectWildThing，一部描繪了WildNetwork誕生的電影，WildNetwork是一組以讓孩子們?nèi)谌氪笞匀粸楣餐繕?biāo)的組織?！翱芍?，本句主要闡述作者拍攝的紀(jì)錄片ProjectWildThing記錄下了組織WildNetwork的誕生，因此record（記錄、記載）與所猜詞匯最為接近，故選A。2021年3月天津卷B篇Thepoignancy（酸楚）ofJordanretiringfromhisbelovedbasketballtoplaybaseballandwhathadpushedhimtomakesuchatoughdecisiontookmebysurprise.AsIwatchedhimtakeoffhisbasketballuniformandreplaceitwithabaseballuniform,Isawhim

leavingbehindthelayer

thatnolongerservedhim,justasourlizardhad.Neitherofthemchosethemomentthathadtransformedthem.Buttheyhadtolivewithwhotheywereaftereverythingwasdifferent.Justlikeus.Irealizedthatwehavetolearntoleavethepastbehind.Humansdonotshedskin（蛻皮）aseasilyasotheranimals.Thebeginningofchangeisupsetting.Theprocessistiring.Damagechangesusbeforeweareready.Iseeourlizard,rawandnearlynew.Jordansaidthatnomatterhowitends,itstartswithhope.Withourtender,hopefulskin,thatiswherewebegin.4.Theunderlinedpart"leaving

behind

the

layer"inParagraph8canbeunderstoodas

.A.lettinggoofthepastB.lookingforanewjobC.gettingridofabadhabitD.givingupanopportunity【答案】4.A【解析】文章大意：這是一篇夾敘夾議文。講述了作者的丈夫剛剛丟了工作，這種不確定性開始影響到家人，直到作者看到家里的寵物蜥蜴換皮和觀看了MichaelJordan的紀(jì)錄片《最后的舞蹈》后，領(lǐng)悟到我們必須學(xué)會(huì)把過去拋在腦后，像蜥蜴一樣，用我們?nèi)崮?、充滿希望的皮膚，作為人生的起點(diǎn)。4.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后文"Neitherofthemchosethemomentthathadtransformedthem…Justlikeus.Irealizedthatwehavetolearntoleavethepastbehind.（他們都沒有選擇那個(gè)改變了他們的時(shí)刻。但他們必須和自己生活在一起因?yàn)橐磺卸甲兞?。就像我們一樣。我意識(shí)到我們必須學(xué)會(huì)把過去拋在腦后）"可知，作者看著喬丹脫下籃球服，換上棒球服時(shí)，意識(shí)到看到他放開了過去，把過去拋在腦后了。即畫線詞意思是"放D開過去"。故選：A。2021年1月浙江卷C篇Chimpswillchecktoseeiftheyhavetheattentionoftheanimalwithwhichtheywishtocommunicate.Inonecase,amotherpresentsherfoottohercryingbaby,signaling:"Climbonme."Theyoungsterimmediatelyjumpsontoitsmother'sbackandtheytravelofftogether."Thebigmessagefromthisstudyisthatthereisanotherspecies（物種）outtherethatismeaningfulinitscommunication,sothat'snotuniquetohumans,"saidDrHobaiter.DrSusanneShultz,anevolutionarybiologistfromtheUniversityofManchester,saidthestudywaspraiseworthyinseekingtoenrichourknowledgeoftheevolutionofhumanlanguage.But,sheadded,theresultswere"alittledisappointing"."Thevaguenessofthegesturemeaningssuggestseitherthatthechimpshavelittletocommunicate,orwearestillmissingalotoftheinformationcontainedintheirgesturesandactions,"shesaid."Moreover,themeaningsseemtonotgobeyondwhatotheranimalsconveywithnon-verbalcommunication.So,itseemsthe

gulf

remains."3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"gulf"inthelastparagraphmean?A.Difference.B.Conflict.C.Balance.D.Connection.【答案】3.A【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了黑猩猩的語言：使用手勢來傳遞信息，以及相關(guān)研究和結(jié)論。3.詞義猜測題。首先找到詞匯對應(yīng)的內(nèi)容"So,itseemsthegulfremains",根據(jù)這句話中的so可以判斷前后句是因果關(guān)系，再結(jié)合前句的句意可以推斷出選項(xiàng)中最接近gulf詞義的單詞為A選項(xiàng)Difference。故答案為A。2021全國乙卷B篇Whenalmosteveryonehasamobilephone,whyaremorethanhalfofAustralianhomesstillpayingforalandline（座機(jī)）?Thesedaysyou'dbehardpressedtofindanyoneinAustraliaovertheageof15whodoesn'townamobilephone.Infactplentyofyoungerkidshaveoneintheirpocket.Practicallyeveryonecanmakeandreceive