(名師)情動與虛擬

情態(tài)動詞ModalVerbs情態(tài)助動詞有十三個：may,might;can,could;will,would;shall,should;must,need,dare,usedto,oughtto.

P5.Ex2Discusstheusageofmodalverbs

can&could(1)(本能，智能，體能，技能)Jimisn’tverygoodatmathsorscience,buthecanspeakEnglishverywell.Ourhistorytestwassolonglastweekthatnoonecouldfinishit.(2)(3)泛指“可能”Amanasoldashecanbeveryforgetful.

abilityability（4）補充推測/猜測

1.否定句

can’t/couldn’tbesb./sth.不可能是can’t/couldn’tbedoing不可能正在做can’t/couldn’thavedone不可能做過某事2.疑問句：

Can/Could……bedoing?有可能……嗎？Can/Could……h(huán)avedone?區(qū)別：

肯定句couldhavedone原本可以做卻沒做(5)can和could的用法

還可以表示請求和允許。如：

Canyoufinishthisworktonight?

Mancannotlivewithoutair.

—Can/Could/MayIgonow?

---Could

Icometoseeyoutomorrow?

---Yes,youcan.（否定可用No,I‘mafraidnot.）

補充注意：was/wereabletodo表示過去成功辦成某事==managedtodo,但是could沒有這個意思。Eg:Hewasabletoescapefromtheprison.2.may&might(1)Whatawarddidyougetforthesportscompetition?MayIhavealook?(2)Ourfootballteamdidn’tplayverywelltoday,butwemightdobettertomorrow.permissionorrequestpossibility2）may和might的用法

1.表示許可。

表示請求、允許時，might比may的語氣更委婉如：

Youmaydrivethecar.

—Might/MayIuseyourpen?

—No,youmustn't.

用MayI...征詢對方許可,比較正式，比較客氣。在日?？谡Z中，CanI...更為常見。2.表示推測、可能（疑問句不能用于此意）。

Hemaybeverybusynow.

補充：肯定句：may/mightdo/be可能是/做某事may/mightbedoing可能正在做may/mighthavedone可能已經(jīng)做3.用于祈使句中表示祝愿。如：

Mayyousucceed!

3.must&can’tWhenyoueatfishyoumustbecarefulwiththebones.WangFenghaswontheEnglishcompetitionthreetimes.Hemustbeverysmart.AmanlandedonMars?Youmustbejoking.Thatcan’tbetrue.adviceornecessityguessingguessing

1.表示必須、必要。(主觀意志)如：

Youmustcomeintime.

—Mustwehandinourexercisebookstoday?

—Yes,youmust.(No,youneedn’t/No,youdon’thaveto./No,youcan’t.)

（2）補充推測/猜測肯定句：mustbesb./sth.一定是mustbedong一定正在做musthavedone一定已經(jīng)做musthavebeendoing當時一定正在做

2.表示推測、可能（疑問句不能用于此意）。

Hemaybeverybusynow.

補充：肯定句：may/mightdo/be可能是/做某事may/mightbedoing可能正在做may/mighthavedone可能已經(jīng)做（4）補充推測/猜測

1.否定句can’t/couldn’tbesb./sth.不可能是can’t/couldn’tbedoing不可能正在做can’t/couldn’thavedone不可能做過某事2.疑問句：Can/Could……bedoing?有可能……嗎？Can/Could……h(huán)avedone?區(qū)別：肯定句couldhavedone原本可以做卻沒做haveto的含義與must相似，兩者往往可以互換使用。但有幾點不同：

①must表示的是說話人的主觀看法，而haveto則往往強調客觀需要。如：

Theplayisnotinteresting.Ireallymustgonow.

IhadtoworkwhenIwasyourage.

②must一般只表現(xiàn)在，have則有更多的時態(tài)形式。

③二者的否定意義不大相同。如：

Youmustn‘tgo.你可不要去。

Youdon’thavetogo.你不必去。④詢問對方的意愿時應用must。如：

MustIcleanalltheroom?4shall和should的用法

1.shall用于一和三人稱疑問句中，表示說話人征求對方的意見或向對方請示。如：

Shallwebeginourlesson?

Whenshallhebeabletoleavethehospital?2.Shall用于二和三人稱肯定句中，表示許諾、命令、警告，威脅Youshallgetmyanswertomorrow.Heshallbepunishedforwhathehasdone.3.Should除了表“應該”，還表推測。“照說應該、估計”4.shall&shouldTheharvestfestivalbeginsonSaturday.Weshallbetherewithourfriends.Whengoingbyplane,youshouldarriveattheairportatleastonehourearly.It’snearlytimeforclasstostart.Theteachershouldbeheresoon.promisepredictionprediction補充oughtto與should同，否定式為oughtnotto5.will&wouldDuringtheSpringFestivaltimethewholefamilywillcomefordinner.Myunclewaspoorbutlikedfashion,sohewouldoftendressupasarichman.AreyoufreethisSaturday?Wouldyouliketojoinmyfamilyfordinner?promiseorpredictionpasthabitrequest3）will和would的用法

1.表示意志、愿望和決心。如：

Iwillneverdothatagain.

Theyaskedifwewoulddothatagain.2.表示請求、建議等，would比will委婉客氣。如：Would/Willyoupassmethebook?3.would可表示①過去反復發(fā)生的動作或某種傾向,②不與表心理或狀態(tài)的詞連用，③現(xiàn)在是否結束不清楚usedto既①可以表示過去經(jīng)常的動作，也可以示狀態(tài)，

②暗含現(xiàn)在已不沒有這樣了。如：

I________likeice-cream.Afterherson’sdeath,she_______sitbythewindow,deepinthought.usedtowould補充needdo/neednotdo情態(tài)動詞，無人稱時態(tài)變化，多用于疑問和否定句中needtodo/……notneedtodo實意動詞，有人稱時態(tài)變化，多用于肯定句和否定句中。Exercises1.Jane______________(keep)herword,Iwonderwhyshechangedhermind.2.Iwasonthehighwaywhenthiscarwentpassfollowedbyapolicecar.They____________________(drive)atleast150kilometresanhour.IfI____________(plan)todoanythingIwantedto,I’dliketogotoTibetandtravelthroughasmuchofitaspossible.shouldhavekeptmusthavebeendrivingcouldplanMissFang__1__(not)readforverylongwithoutgettingaheadache.Hermothertoldherthatshe__2__gototheHealthServiceandseeadoctor.“You__3___seeadoctorassoonaspossible,”shesaid,“You__4__needglasses.”WhenMissFanghadfreetime,shewenttotheHealthService.Theappointmentclerksaidthatthedoctor__5___seeherat3:30.MissFangrepliedthatshe__6__notbeabletobethereat3:30becauseshehadaclassthen.”Thedoctor__7__takeyouatabouttentofour,”theappointmentclerksuggested.“___8__Iputyoudownfortentofour,or___9___yourathercometomorrow?”MissFangthoughshe__10___(not)wasteanymoretime.Theteacher__11___beunhappyifsheaskedforpermissiontoleavetheclassalittleearly,ashewasalwayssokindtoeveryone.Andshereplied,“IthinkI__12___makeitattentofour.”MissFangwenttotheclass.Sheaskedherteacher,“__13___Ileaveat3”45today?I__14__haveaneyeexamination.”Asexpected,theteachersaid,“Yes,ofcourseyou__15___.”MissFang1_________(not)readforverylongwithoutgettingaheadache.Hermothertoldherthatshe2________gototheHealthServiceandseeadoctor.“You3_______seeadoctorassoonaspossible,”shesaid,“You4_______needglasses.”WhenMissFanghadfreetime,shewenttotheHealthService.Theappointmentclerksaidthatthedoctor5_______seeherat3:30.MissFangrepliedthatshe6_______notbeabletobethereat3:30becauseshehadaclassthen.”Thedoctor7_________takecouldn’tshouldshouldmightcouldwouldmightyouatabouttentofour,”theappointmentclerksuggested.“8_____Iputyoudownfortentofour,or9______yourathercometomorrow?”MissFangthoughtshe10__________(not)wasteanymoretime.Theteacher11_________(not)beunhappyifsheaskedforpermissiontoleavetheclassalittleearly,ashewasalwayssokindtoeveryone.Andshereplied,“IthinkI12______makeitattentofour.”MissFangwenttotheclass.Sheaskedherteacher,“13_________Ileaveat3”45today?I14_____haveaneyeexamination.”Asexpected,theteachersaid,“Yes,ofcourseyou15_______.”Shallwouldshouldn’tshouldn’tcanCan/Maymustcan虛擬語氣1）虛擬語氣用于下列表示“命令要求建議勸告”等意義的動詞的賓語從句，由（should）+動詞原形構成。一堅持insist(堅持要求)二命令order,command三建議advise,suggest（建議）,propose四要求demand,require,request,ask，desire1.Sheinsisted(that)she____________(notsteal)thebook.2.Sheinsisted(that)he____________(tell)thetruth.3.Shesuggested(that)I______(look)unwell.4.Shesuggested(that)I________(see)adoctorassoonaspossible.1.wish+從句（虛擬語氣）表示對現(xiàn)在的愿望虛擬時用過去式或情態(tài)動詞過去式+do表示對將來的愿望虛擬時用情態(tài)動詞過去式+do表示對過去的愿望虛擬時用had+p.p或could/would/might+have+p.pIwishIwere

asinger/Icouldfly.IwishIwouldbeamillionaireoneday.Theplaywasbad,IwishIhadnotgonetothetheatre.2.wouldrather+從句(虛擬語氣)

“寧愿……”表示對現(xiàn)在或將來的愿望虛擬時用過去式表示對過去的愿望虛擬時用had+p.pIwouldratheryouhadn’tcomeyesterday.Iwouldratherthemid-termexamcameearlier.3.Ifonly…(要是…就好了)

之后的虛擬語氣表示對現(xiàn)在或將來的愿望虛擬時用過去式或情態(tài)動詞過去式+do表示對過去的愿望虛擬時用had+p.pIfonlyIhadworkedharder.IfonlyIcouldchangetheworld.4.asif/though+從句虛擬語氣

陳述語氣表示對現(xiàn)在或將來的愿望虛擬時用過去式或情態(tài)動詞過去式+do表示對過去的愿望虛擬時用had+p.pThestickinaglassofwaterlooksasifitwerebroken.Heateasifhehadn’thadmealsforthreedays.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.5.Itis(high/about)timethat…句型

（做）…的時間到了在此句型中，從句要用過去式表虛擬It’shightimewemadeallourefforts.=It’shightimeforustomakeallourefforts.

其它使用虛擬語氣的情況見名師面對面

第二節(jié)中的第3和第4點三.IFSentenceStructure‘IF’虛擬條件句的結構IF虛擬條件句根據(jù)條件所處時態(tài)分為三類.

a.表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反

的假設.

b.表示與過去事實相反

的假設.

c.表示與將來事實相反

的假設.translation1.IfIwereyou,Iwouldtrymybesttogetthechance.=WereIyou,……2.IfIhadworkedharder,Iwouldn’thavefailedintheexam.=HadIworked,……3.I fIhadeatenmore,Iwouldn’tbehungrynow.=HadIeatenmore,……區(qū)別2與3的后半句4.Howwonderfulitwouldbeifitsnowed/shouldsnow/weretosnowtomorrow!=Howwonderfulitwouldbeshoulditsnow!=Howwonderfulitwouldbewereittosnow！Conclusion:if假設從句中若有助動詞had,were或should,可以去掉if，提前助動詞had,were或sh