2021屆高考英語語法填空解題之動(dòng)詞題

2021高考英語語法填空解題之動(dòng)詞題一：解題思路Step1分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，確定空格處是否作謂語；Step2思考1如果作謂語，要考慮時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、主謂一致、虛擬語氣思考2如果不作謂語，考慮是否是非謂語；如果是非謂語，考慮用哪種形式，是動(dòng)詞－ing形式，還是過去分詞，還是不定式思考3如果既不作謂語，也不是非謂語，就要考慮詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。那就需要根據(jù)上下文以及在句子中所作的成分考慮詞性轉(zhuǎn)換的類型二：知識(shí)精講與做題演練1.考查謂語動(dòng)詞如果句子中沒有別的謂語動(dòng)詞，或者雖然已經(jīng)有謂語動(dòng)詞，但需要填的動(dòng)詞與之并列，那么所給動(dòng)詞就是謂語動(dòng)詞，就要考慮時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)、主謂一致和虛擬語氣。例1：Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrene_________(declare)shehadnoplanstoretirefromher36－year－oldbusiness.Irenesaid...[解題步驟]①分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)(picking作狀語，是非謂語動(dòng)詞)→句子缺少謂語②考慮語態(tài)→由句意知用主動(dòng)語態(tài)③考慮時(shí)態(tài)→由后面的had和said可知，用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。④嘗試解答：_declared__例2：Wheneverypupilintheschoolwearstheuniform,nobody_________(have)toworryaboutfashion(時(shí)尚)．[解題步驟]①分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)(when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句)→句子缺少謂語②考慮語態(tài)→由句意知用主動(dòng)語態(tài)③考慮時(shí)態(tài)→本句是when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，遵循主將從現(xiàn)原則，因此，主句可以使用將來時(shí)willdo；根據(jù)語境可知，本文敘述的是客觀事實(shí)，因此，本句亦可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語是nobody，謂語用單數(shù)④嘗試解答：_will_have/has__例3：Whenthechildrenarewalkingor_________(cycle)toschoolondarkmornings,cardriverscaneasilyseethem.[解題步驟]①分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)(主句完整，從句是when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句)→句子缺少謂語②考慮語態(tài)→由句意知用主動(dòng)語態(tài)③考慮時(shí)態(tài)→or連接兩個(gè)并列成分，根據(jù)or前的walking可知，此處要用cycling④嘗試解答：_cycling__例4：Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswho_________(trap)inthemountainsfortwodays.[解題步驟]①分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)(who引導(dǎo)定語從句)→句子缺少謂語②考慮語態(tài)→由句意“一個(gè)救援人員冒著生命危險(xiǎn)挽救了兩個(gè)被困在山里兩天的旅游者?！敝帽粍?dòng)語態(tài)。③考慮時(shí)態(tài)→由risked可知，營救人員救游客是過去的事情，被困兩天發(fā)生在營救人員救了他們之前，即“過去的過去”，該空應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。過去完成時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作，即“過去的過去”，其表達(dá)形式為haddone，被動(dòng)語態(tài)的表達(dá)形式為hadbeendone。④嘗試解答：_had_been_trapped__2．考查非謂語動(dòng)詞如果句子中已有謂語動(dòng)詞，又不是并列關(guān)系時(shí)，所給動(dòng)詞通常是非謂語動(dòng)詞，就要確定用動(dòng)詞－ing形式、過去分詞還是不定式，同時(shí)還要考慮非謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。作主語或賓語時(shí)，通常用動(dòng)詞－ing形式表示習(xí)慣或一般情況，用不定式表示具體的情況。作定語時(shí)，動(dòng)詞與被修飾詞之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系用動(dòng)詞－ing形式，是被動(dòng)關(guān)系用過去分詞，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)將來的動(dòng)作，用不定式。作狀語時(shí)，關(guān)鍵也是要看清與邏輯主語之間的主被動(dòng)關(guān)系。當(dāng)表示目的時(shí)，則只有不定式形式。例5：Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrenedeclaredshehadnoplans_________(retire)fromher36－year－oldbusiness.[解題步驟]①分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)→句子已有謂語，應(yīng)用非謂語②分析非謂語動(dòng)詞句法功能→plan后接不定式作定語③嘗試解答：_to_retire__例6：_________(enjoy)theconvenienceofdigitalpayment,manyseniorcitizensstartedtousesmartphones.[解題步驟]①分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)→句子已有謂語，應(yīng)用非謂語②分析非謂語動(dòng)詞句法功能→非謂語動(dòng)詞作目的狀語→聯(lián)想不定式的句法功能③嘗試解答：_To_enjoy__例7：(2019·江蘇卷)China'simageisimprovingsteadily,withmorecountries_________(recognize)itsroleininternationalaffairs.[解題步驟]①分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)→句子已有謂語，應(yīng)用非謂語②分析非謂語動(dòng)詞句法功能→非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語→聯(lián)想分詞的句法功能③嘗試解答：_recognizing__例8：_________(travel)alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience.[解題步驟]①分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)→句子已有謂語，應(yīng)用非謂語②分析非謂語動(dòng)詞句法功能→非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語→聯(lián)想動(dòng)名詞的句法功能③嘗試解答：_Travelling__例9：Ordinarysoap,_________(use)correctly,candealwithbacteriaeffectively.[解題步驟]①分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)→句子已有謂語，應(yīng)用非謂語②分析非謂語動(dòng)詞句法功能→非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語→聯(lián)想分詞的句法功能→Ordinarysoap與use之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故要用過去分詞③嘗試解答：_used__3．考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換所給的提示詞雖然是動(dòng)詞，但空格處既不考查謂語動(dòng)詞也不考查非謂語動(dòng)詞，那就可能是詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞時(shí)，還要注意名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。例10：OtherAmericanstudiesshowedno_________(connect)betweenuniformsandschoolperformance.[解題步驟]①分析句子成分→空格前的no，后接名詞②connect的名詞既是可數(shù)名詞，又是不可數(shù)名詞→可用單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù)③嘗試解答：_connection/connections__三：課后練習(xí)1.Soitwasagreathonour...I(allow)togetupclosetothesecuteanimalsatthe600-acrecentre.2.ItwasraininglightlywhenI____(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.3.Therealreasonwhyprices____(be),andstillare,toohighiscomplex,andnoshortdiscussioncansatisfactorilyexplainthisproblem.4.Iwasn’tabletohidemyeagernesswhenI____(ask),"Whatdoyouwishmetodonow?"5.That’swhyIhelpbrightenpeople’sdays.Ifyou____(do),who’stosaythatanotherpersonwill?6.—IsPetercoming?—No,he(change)hismindafteraphonecallatthelastminute.7.In1969,thepollutionwasterriblealongtheCuyahogaRiverCleveland,Ohio.It____(be)unimaginablethatitcouldeverbecleanedup.8.Wheneveryou____(buy)apresent,youshouldthinkaboutitfromthereceiver’spointofview.9.You’dbetterwritedownherphonenumberbeforeyou____(forget)it.10.Haven’tseenyouforages!Wherehaveyoubeen?IwenttoNingxiaand____(stay)thereforoneyear,teachingasavolunteer.11.I’mcallingabouttheapartmentyou____(advertise)theotherday.Couldyoutellmemoreaboutit?12.IfeltverytiredwhenIgothome,andI____(go)straighttobed.13.OnMondaymorningsitusually____(take)meanhourtodrivetoworkalthoughtheactualdistanceisonly20miles.14.Aroundtwoo’clockeverynight,Suewillstarttalkinginherdream.Itsomewhat_(bother)us.15.Ididn’tthinkI’dlikethemovie,butactuallyit____(be)prettygood.16."Lifeislikewalkinginthesnow,"Grannyusedtosay,"becauseeverystep____(show)."17.Thethreeofus____(travel)aroundEuropeforaboutamonthlastsummer.18.Itisalwayscrowdedwithcustomersatmealtimes.Somepeopleevenhadtowaitoutside.19.Janecan’tattendthemeetingat3o’clockthisafternoonbecauseshe____(teach)aclassatthattime.20.HemusthavesensedthatI____(look)athim.Hesuddenlyglancedatmeandsaidquietly,"Whyareyoustaringatmelikethat?"21.Jameshasjustarrived,butIdidn’tknowhe____（come）untilyesterday.22.Hi,let’sgoskating.Sorry,I’mbusyrightnow.I____(fill)inanapplicationformforanewjob.23.She____(phone)someone，soInoddedtoherandwentaway．24.Jim____(watch)alate-nightfilmathomewhen,rightinthemiddleofathrillingscene,thetelevisionwentblank.25.Idon’tunderstandwhyyoudidn’tgotothelectureyesterdayaftern