新高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)考向05 數(shù)詞(原卷版)

考向05數(shù)詞【命題解讀】 高考對數(shù)詞的考查常常出現(xiàn)在聽力、完形填空、語法填空和短文改錯題型中。數(shù)詞部分主要考查：①基數(shù)詞的用法②序數(shù)詞的用法③倍數(shù)的表示方法【命題預(yù)測】 聽力理解對數(shù)詞的考查主要集中在對各種號碼、序列等表述。語法填空對名詞數(shù)詞的考查仍然會成為高考的重點，主要集中在給出詞根進(jìn)行詞類轉(zhuǎn)化，根據(jù)習(xí)慣用法或固定短語確定名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式等。【名師指導(dǎo)】1.注意數(shù)詞的基本拼寫方法 從近年高考試題看，高考語法填空對數(shù)詞的考查離不開具體的語境，在語境中考查數(shù)詞的相關(guān)知識。做題時，既要全面、整體地看題干，還要注意分析句子成分，并根據(jù)提示詞來確定名詞的相關(guān)考點。通常，涉及名詞考點的試題包括：（1）根據(jù)語境判斷名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)；（2）提示詞是形容詞、動詞等此類，根據(jù)句子成分和詞綴知識加上相應(yīng)的后綴變成名詞；（3）名詞的固定搭配；（4）名詞的所有格及名詞的其他相關(guān)知識2.關(guān)注常見的號碼及序列等的表述 語法填空對名詞的考查涉及名詞各方面的知識，解題時要注意首先根據(jù)提示信息確定考點，試題是考查名詞的詞類轉(zhuǎn)換，還是考查復(fù)數(shù)名詞、名詞的所有格，還是考查主謂一致、名詞的固定搭配等，確定了考點之后，再結(jié)合其他相關(guān)知識來做出正確解答。3.熟悉各種比較級倍數(shù)的表達(dá)方式 高考對名詞的考查注重基礎(chǔ)，我們在平時的復(fù)習(xí)中要打好基礎(chǔ)，掌握足夠的考綱詞匯，并熟知其常見搭配和用法，并注意熟練掌握常用的名詞詞綴知識?？枷蛞豢蓴?shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)(1)規(guī)則變化情況方法例詞一般情況加－sstudents，teachers，doctors，tables以s，x，ch，sh結(jié)尾加－esglasses，dishes，boxes，watches但stomach復(fù)數(shù)形式直接加s，即stomachs以輔音字母＋y結(jié)尾變y為i再加－esfamilies，babies，armies，bodies以元音字母＋y結(jié)尾加－sboys，toys，pianos，photos以f或fe結(jié)尾大都變f或fe為v，再加－esthieves，wives，knives，shelves，lives少數(shù)加－sbeliefs，proofs，roofs，chiefs以o結(jié)尾通常加－sradios，videos，zoos，tobaccos有的加－esheroes，potatoes，tomatoes【名師點睛】①以－o結(jié)尾的下列名詞要加－es，它們是＂黑人英雄在回聲中吃土豆、西紅柿＂，即Negroes，heroes，echoes，potatoes，tomatoes。 但下列以－o結(jié)尾的名詞既可以加－es，也可以加－s，它們是：zeros(zeroes)零，mosquitos(mosquitoes)蚊子，volcanos(volcanoes)火山。②以－f或－fe結(jié)尾的下列名詞需要把f或fe去掉，加－ves，它們是＂為了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿著刀子和樹葉站在架子上，把狼劈成兩半＂，即selves，lives，thieves，wives，knives，leaves，shelves，wolves，halves。但下列以－f結(jié)尾的名詞既可以去掉f加－ves，也可以直接加－s，如：handkerchiefs(handkerchieves)手帕。③名詞前有man或woman修飾，變復(fù)數(shù)時，作定語的man或woman和后面的名詞都要變成復(fù)數(shù)。如：womandoctor→womendoctors(2)不規(guī)則變化①自身有特殊變化的名詞 child孩子→children man男人→men tooth牙→teeth foot腳，英尺→feet mouse老鼠→mice phenomenon現(xiàn)象→phenomena medium傳播媒介→media②常見單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞： Chinese中國人；sheep綿羊；deer鹿；series系列；means方式；works工廠；fish魚；fruit水果等。 其中fish，fruit表示種類時，可加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾，即fishes，fruits。 ?Somedeerareeatinggrassatthebottomofthehill. ?Everypossiblemeanshasbeentried,butnonehasworked.③合成名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式： son-in-law→sons-in-law passer-by→passers-by story-teller→story-tellers【名師點睛】名詞+名詞時，僅將后面的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)：girlstudent→girlstudents但是man/woman+名詞時，前后都要變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)：womansinger→womensingers【典例示例】1.（2019?江蘇卷高考）Nowadaysthe___________fortravellingisshiftedfromshoppingtofoodandscenery.A.priority B.potential Cproportion D.pension【答案】A【解析】考查名詞辨析。句意：當(dāng)今，旅行的重點從購物轉(zhuǎn)變成了品嘗美食和欣賞風(fēng)景。A.priority優(yōu)先；優(yōu)先權(quán)；B.potential潛在的，可能的；C.proportion比例，占比；D.pension退休金，撫恤金。故選A。2.（2019·天津卷·單項填空）Wecanobservethatartificialintelligencehasalreadymadea(n)___________onourlivesinmanyways.A.statement B.impactC.impression D.judgment【答案】B【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們能夠看到人工智能在許多方面已經(jīng)對我們的生活產(chǎn)生了強烈的影響。statement＂陳述說明＂；impact＂強烈的影響，沖擊力＂；impression＂印象，感想＂；judgement＂判斷力判斷＂。故選B。3.（2018·全國新課標(biāo)卷I·語法填空）Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin201466that/whichshowedamerefiveto10【答案】causes【解析】考查單復(fù)數(shù)。一項研究表明，僅僅每天5到10分鐘的跑步，就能減少各種原因的心臟病和早亡。根據(jù)句意用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填causes。4.（2018·全國新課標(biāo)卷I·短文改錯）Lastwinterwhen【答案】chicken改為chickens【解析】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。他們擁有一個大的獨立住宅，還養(yǎng)了許多只雞。根據(jù)前文的dozensof可知，其后用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。5.（2018·全國新課標(biāo)卷Ⅱ·短文改錯）Aftersupper,wewouldplaycardgamesofallsortinthesittingroom.【答案】sort改為sorts【解析】sort在此意為＂種類＂，是可數(shù)名詞，和all搭配時用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故將sort改為sorts.6.（2017·全國新課標(biāo)卷I·語法填空）Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity（醫(yī)學(xué)界）asamethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedside62(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease—theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.【答案】effects【解析】考查單復(fù)數(shù)。分析語境可知作者表達(dá)的意思是＂一些不為人知的副作用＂，根據(jù)前文的some可知＂sideeffect＂(副作用)有很多，故填effects?！緳z測過關(guān)】1.Itwasreportedthattwo________haddiedofcoldlastwinter.A.hundredsoldpeople B.hundredoldpeopleC.hundredsofoldpeople D.hundredofoldpeople2.___________oftheboysinourclass___________goingtojointhearmy.A.Twofifths;is B.Secondfifths;areC.Secondfifths;is D.Twofifths;are3.Itisnotrareinthatpeoplefiftiesaregoingtouniversityforfurthereducation.A.90s;the B.the90s;/ C.90s;their D.the90s;their4.Onthedouble11thday,myuncle’sonlinestorehassuccessfullysold_____shoesaslastyear,thatis,itcanhardlymake______progress.A.asmanytwice;worse B.asmanytwice;badC.twiceasmany;good D.twiceasmany;better5.Light-to-moderatesmokerswere________todieofsuddenheartproblemsthanthosewhohadneversmoked.A.astwicelikely B.twicemorepossibleC.twicemorelikely D.astwicepossible6.It’ssaidthatthepowerplantisnow________largeaswhatitwas.A.twiceas B.astwice C.twicemuch D.muchtwice7.ThenewstadiumbeingbuiltforthenextAsianGameswillbe________thepresentone.A.threetimesasbigas B.asthreetimesbigasC.asbigasthreetimes D.asbigthreetimesas8._______peopleintheworldaresendinginformationbye-maileveryday.A.Severalmillion B.ManymillionsC.Severalmillions D.Manymillion9.Withpricesrisingsharply,wenowhavetospend_______threemonthsagoonbasiclivingmaterials.A.astwicemuchas B.twiceasmuchasC.twiceasmorethan D.twiceasmanyas10.Goodnews!Wedidn’tspendwehadexpected.A.ashalfmuchmoneyas B.muchmoneyashalfasC.asmuchmoneyashalf D.halfasmuchmoneyas11.WeChinesearedrinking______milkperpersontodayaswedidin1995.A.morethantwice B.twiceasmuchC.twiceasmanyas D.twiceasmuchas12.–WhatdoyouthinkofObama’saddresstothenation?--Ilike___ofwhathesaid.Personally,It’sasuccess.A.many B.few C.much D.little13..Theywanttoemploy90people,__________lastyear.A.threetimesasmanyas B.morethanthreetimesC.asthreetimesas D.threetimesthattheydid14.Thereare_____thingsmoreimportanttosocietythaneducatingchildrenandprovidinghealthcaretofamilies.A.few B.afew C.more D.many15.ChristchurchisNewZealand’s______cityafterAuckland.A.secondlarge B.secondlarger C.secondlargest D.thesecondlarge16.Muchtohissurprise，heinvitedonlytwentyfriendstothedinner，but____came.A.twiceasmanyas B.asmanyastwice C.twiceasmany D.twicemorethan17.Ourcityhasdevelopedintoabigcity,whichis______itusedtobe.A.fourtimeslargerthanthat B.fourtimesthesizeofwhatC.fourtimesthesizelargerthanwhat D.asfourtimesthesizeasthat18.LastyearJohnearned_______hisbrotherdid,whohasabetterpositioninabiggercompany.A.twiceasmanyas B.twiceasmuchasC.twiceasmoreas D.twicemuchas19.About5,000menandwomencompetedformedalsin________21stWinterOlympicGames.A.a B.the C.an D./20.Thenumberoftrafficaccidentscausedbydrinkingis_____asthenumberofthosecausedbynon-drinkingdriving.A.twiceasmany B.manyastwice C.astwicelarge D.twiceaslarge21.ThecoatIboughtyesterdayisnotexpensiveatall.Asamatteroffact,Iwouldgladlyhavepaid______forit.A.asmuchtwice B.muchastwiceC.astwicemuch D.twiceasmuch22.Thenewplaygroundtobebuiltnextyearwillbe____________theoldone.A.asthreetimesbigas B.threetimesasbigasC.asbigasthreetimes D.asbigthreetimesas23.Therewas________rainlastyear.A.alot B.anumberof C.agreatdealof D.agreatmany24.Afterthenewtechniquewasintroduced,thefactoryproduced________carsin2009astheyearbefore.A.astwicemore B.asmanytwiceC.morethantwiceasmany D.twicemorethanas25.Thereare________booksinourlibrary.A.hundredsof B.hundredof C.fivehundreds D.fivehundredof26.Ispent300dollarsontheovercoat,butinfactitwasworth______.A.twiceasmuch B.twicemuchas C.muchastwice D.asmuchtwice27.Thephenomenonthattheearthisbecomingwarmerhasattracted________attention.A.ahugenumberof B.alargesumofC.agreatdealof D.agreatmany28.Withthehelpoftheforeignexperts,thisfactoryproduced________carspartsin2006astheyearbefore.A.Astwicemany B.asmanyastwice C.astwiceasmany D.twiceasmany29.Paperbagsproducedeveryyearare_______theworld’sproductionofvehicles.A.threetimeweightof B.asthreetimesheavyasC.threetimestheweightof D.threetimesasheavieras30.IntheUK,peopleconsume________meatproductssuchaschicken,beef,porkandlamb.A.alargeamountof B.aplentyof C.alargequantity D.quantitiesof31.Asia,intheeastoftheworld,isfourtimesEurope.A.Locating...aslargeas B.located...thesizeofC.locating...largerthan D.located...aslargerthan32.Lily’sdresslookedjustthesameasRose’s,butitcost_________hers.A.astwicemuchas B.asmuchastwiceasC.twiceasmuchas D.asmuchtwiceas33._______theteacherswhopaidavisittoourschoolthisyearwassmallerthanthatoflastyear.A.Thenumberof B.Anumberof C.Agreatdealof D.Plentyof34.—David,howoldisyourfatherthisyear?—______.Andwejusthadaspecialpartyforhis_____birthdaylastweekend.A.Fortieth;forty B.Forty;forty C.Forty;fortieth D.Fortieth;fortieth35.Theoutputofthisyearisthreetimes______itwasin2015.A.as B.than C.what D.that36.Thatmultinationalcompanyisadoptinganaggressiveexpandingstrategy,andsofarithasrecruited________intheyearof2015astheydidtwoyearsago.A.threetimesasmanynewemployees B.threetimesmanynewemployeesC.threetimesasmanyasnewemployees D.threetimesmorenewemployeesthan37.EvenbeforeQE2(QueenElizabeththeSecond),theFedhad$2.3trillionworthofpropertyonthatlist,twoandahalftimes

________ownedbeforethefinancialcrisis.A.asit B.what

itC.whatis D.asis38.Itissaidthattherailwaystationisnow_________largeaswhatitwas.A.twiceas B.astwice C.twicemuch D.muchtwice39.Mysisterhascollectedmaps